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Data Warehousing

A data warehouse is a centralized repository that integrates and optimizes data from multiple sources for analysis and decision-making. It differs from a database management system in purpose, structure, and performance, and employs dimensional design methodologies like star and snowflake schemas. OLAP technologies enhance data analysis capabilities, allowing users to perform various operations on multidimensional data structures for insights.

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29 views3 pages

Data Warehousing

A data warehouse is a centralized repository that integrates and optimizes data from multiple sources for analysis and decision-making. It differs from a database management system in purpose, structure, and performance, and employs dimensional design methodologies like star and snowflake schemas. OLAP technologies enhance data analysis capabilities, allowing users to perform various operations on multidimensional data structures for insights.

Uploaded by

Chiraag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Warehousing Overview

A data warehouse is a central repository of data that is integrated from


multiple sources and transformed into a format that is optimized for querying
and analysis. Data warehouses are used by businesses to support decision
making, improve operational efficiency, and gain a competitive advantage.

Definition

A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, and


non-volatile collection of data in support of management's decision-making
process.

Difference between Data Warehouse and DBMS

A data warehouse is different from a database management system (DBMS)


in several ways:

●​ Purpose: A DBMS is designed to store and manage transactional data,


while a data warehouse is designed to store and analyze historical
data.
●​ Structure: A DBMS typically uses a relational database model, while a
data warehouse typically uses a dimensional data model.
●​ Performance: A DBMS is optimized for transaction processing, while a
data warehouse is optimized for analytical queries.
●​ Users: A DBMS is typically used by operational users, such as
customer service representatives and order takers, while a data
warehouse is typically used by analysts and managers.

Dimensional Design

Dimensional design is a methodology for designing data warehouses. It


involves organizing the data into dimensions and facts. Dimensions are
descriptive attributes of the data, such as product, customer, and time. Facts
are quantitative measurements, such as sales and inventory levels.

Multidimensional Data Model

The multidimensional data model is a data model that is used to represent


data in data warehouses. It organizes the data into cubes, which are made up
of dimensions and measures. Cubes allow users to analyze the data from
different perspectives.
Data Cubes

A data cube is a multidimensional data structure that allows for complex


analytical queries. Data cubes are typically used to aggregate and summarize
data.

Star Schema

The star schema is the simplest and most common dimensional schema. It
consists of a fact table and one or more dimension tables. The fact table
contains the quantitative measurements, and the dimension tables contain the
descriptive attributes.

Snowflake Schema

The snowflake schema is a more complex dimensional schema than the star
schema. It is similar to the star schema, but the dimension tables are
normalized. This results in a smaller and more efficient data structure, but it
can be more complex to query.

Fact Constellations Schema

A fact constellation schema is a set of star and snowflake schemas that are
linked together by common dimensions. Fact constellation schemas are used
to model complex data relationships.

OLAP: Introduction

Online analytical processing (OLAP) is a technology that is used to analyze


data in data warehouses. OLAP tools allow users to drill down, roll up, slice
and dice, and pivot the data to gain insights.

OLAP Operations

OLAP tools support a variety of operations, including:

●​ Drill down: Moving from a summary level of data to a more detailed


level.
●​ Roll up: Moving from a detailed level of data to a summary level.
●​ Slice and dice: Selecting a subset of the data based on different
criteria.
●​ Pivot: Changing the orientation of the data to view it from a different
perspective.

OLAP Cubes

An OLAP cube is a multidimensional data structure that is used to store and


analyze data in OLAP systems. OLAP cubes are typically implemented using
relational databases.

MOLAP

Multidimensional online analytical processing (MOLAP) is a type of OLAP that


stores the data in a multidimensional array. MOLAP systems are typically very
fast, but they can be expensive and difficult to maintain.

ROLAP

Relational online analytical processing (ROLAP) is a type of OLAP that stores


the data in a relational database. ROLAP systems are less expensive and
easier to maintain than MOLAP systems, but they can be slower.

HOLAP

Hybrid online analytical processing (HOLAP) is a type of OLAP that combines


the speed of MOLAP systems with the flexibility of ROLAP systems. HOLAP
systems typically store the data in a combination of a multidimensional array
and a relational database.

RTOLAP

Real-time online analytical processing (RTOLAP) is a type of OLAP that


allows users to analyze data in real time. RTOLAP systems are typically used
to monitor and manage business operations.

Conclusion

Data warehousing and OLAP are powerful technologies that can be used to
extract insights from large amounts of data. Data warehouses and OLAP
systems are used by businesses of all sizes to improve decision making,
improve operational efficiency, and gain a competitive advantage.

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