TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI

TRƯỜNG CƠ KHÍ
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COURSEWORK – ME3210

KINEMATIC DESIGN OF AN AIR COMPRESSOR

Student Name : Le Quoc Anh

Student ID : 20226804

Semester: 2025.1
 I.PROBLEMS

1. Working principle
The compressor consists of a crank-slider mechanism. The crank shaft
is driven by an electric motor via a gear speed reducer.
 The air pressure inside the cylinder varies with the displacement of the
piston, as shown in Figure 2. From the BDC (bottom dead center) the piston
travels to the TDC (top dead center) to compress the air and increase the
presure inside the cylinder through graph O-a-b. The discharge takes place
during the a-b period. During the reverse movement of the piston from TDC
to BDC, the air pressure is described by the c-d-O graph.
2. Input data:
a. Piston stroke length H=100(mm)
b. Key points on the pressure-displacement graph:
i. Distance: ya/H =0.1; yd/H = 0.11
ii. Pressure po = 0.1(Mpa); pm = 0.617(Mpa); pc = 0.123(Mpa)
c. Inner diameter of the cylinder: D = 60(mm)
d. Mass of piston (3): m3=0.6(kg)
e. lBC/lAB =4.5
f. Compressor shaft speed: n1 = 260(rpm)
g. Motor speed available (rpm): 2980; 2950; 1440; 1420; 990; 950;
3. Tasks
a. Kinematic synthesis
i. Detemine the length of the crank (lAB) and the connecting rod
(lBC)
ii. Select a motor speed and design gear train to transmit motion from
the motor to the compressor shaft. For each gear pair, the transmission ratio
is not greater than 5 and not less than 2.
b. Kinematic analysis
i. Calculate the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the piston
corresponding to at least 16 positions of the crank for one full cycle.
c. Force analysis
i. Calculate the reaction force in the kinematic joint B.
Note: Ignore the influences of masses which are not mentioned.
4. Report
- A written report
 II.KINEMATIC SYNTHESIS
1. Determine the length of the crank L(ab) and the connecting rod L(bc):
The crank: l AB=H ÷ 2=5 0(mm)
The connecting rod: l BC =l AB × 4 , 5=225 (mm)
2. Design gear train:
Motor speed: 2980(rpm)
Compressor shaft: 230(rpm)
The transmission ratio between motor speed and compressor shaft:
2980
ω= = 11.46
260

Choosing ordinary gear trains for gear speed reducer, which have 2 gear pair:
z2 z3
l̇ 1= =3 i 2=
z1 z2
=4,5

III.KINEMATIC ANALYSIS
1. Calculate the displacement of the piston:
- Set ^
ACB=α
π
- Choose N = 16  ∆ φ= 8 ( rad)
- Displacement formula:
y= ABsinφ+ BCcos ∝
AB
As :sin α = cos φ
BC


√
cos α= 1− ( )
AB 2 2
BC
cos ( φ )

y= AB sin ( φ ) + √ BC −( AB ) cos φ
2 2
 ¿ ABsin ( ωt )+ √ B C2− A B2 cos2 ( ωt )
x=0

Table of the displacement:

No. φ 1(rad) φ 1(degree) y (mm)
1 π /8 22.5 239.3411573
2 π /4 45.0 256.3920624
3 3 π /8 67.5 269.0578172
4 π /2 90.0 275
5 5 π /8 112.5 273.3100451
6 3 π /4 135.0 264.2500025
7 7 π /8 157.5 249.2095915
8 π 180.0 230.4886114
9 9 π /8 202.5 210.9412483
10 5 π /4 225.0 193.5393244
11 11 π /8 247.5 180.9220919
12 3 π /2 270.0 175
13 13 π /8 292.5 176.6698639
14 7 π /4 315.0 185.6813842
15 15 π /8 337.5 200.6732467
16 2π 360.0 219.3741097
 300
275
273.3100451
269.0578172 264.2500025
256.3920624
249.2095915
250239.3411573 230.4886114
219.3741097
210.9412483
200.6732467
193.5393244
200 180.9220919 185.6813842
176.6698639
175
y(mm)

150

100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

φ (degree)

2. Calculate the velocity of the piston:

Velocity formula:
2
A B ω sin ( 2 φ )
v= ẏ= ABω cos φ+
2 √ B C − A B cos ( φ )
❑ 2 2 2

At the speed 260 (rpm) of the crank shaft is:

260.2 π 26
ω= = π =27.227 ( rad ∕ s )
60 3

Table of velocity:
No. φ 1(rad) φ 1(degree) ẏ (mm/s)
1 π /8 22.5 1367.009196
2 π /4 45.0 1115.783658
3 3 π /8 67.5 628.3127141
4 π /2 90.0 0
5 5 π /8 112.5 -628.3127141
6 3 π /4 135.0 -1115.783658
7 7 π /8 157.5 -1367.009196
8 π 180.0 -1361.35
 9 9 π /8 202.5 -1148.437607
10 5 π /4 225.0 -809.4559752
11 11 π /8 247.5 -413.6194672
12 3 π /2 270.0 0
13 13 π /8 292.5 413.6194672
14 7 π /4 315.0 809.4559752
15 15 π /8 337.5 1148.437607
16 2π 360.0 1361.35

(mm/s)
12

10

6
v

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

φ (degree)

3. Calculate the acceleration of the piston:

The acceleration formula:
2 2 2 4 2 4
AB ω̇ sin (2 φ )+ 2 AB ω cos ( 2 φ ) AB ω (sin ⁡(φ))
a=v̇ =AB ω̇ cos ( φ ) −AB2 ω2 sin ( φ )+ −
√ 2 2
2 BC − AB ( cos ( φ ) )
2
√ 2 2 2 3
4 [BC − AB ( cos ( φ ) ) ]

As ω=27.227−→ ω̇=0
 2 2 4 2 4
2 2 2 AB ω cos ( 2 φ ) AB ω (sin ⁡(φ))
a= AB ω sin ( φ ) + −
√ 2 2
2 BC − AB ( cos ( φ ) )
2
√ 2 2
4 [BC −AB ( cos ( φ ) ) ]
2 3

Table of acceleration:

No. φ 1(rad) φ 1(degree) ÿ (mm/ s2)

1 π /8 22.5 684759.9738
2 π /4 45.0 960767.6044
3 3 π /8 67.5 700742.1941
4 π /2 90.0 472241.6259
5 5 π /8 112.5 700742.1941
6 3 π /4 135.0 960767.6044
7 7 π /8 157.5 684759.9738
8 π 180.0 8448.006126
9 9 π /8 202.5 -733674.4013
10 5 π /4 225.0 -1660157.37
11 11 π /8 247.5 -2723661.311
12 3 π /2 270.0 -3234306.019
13 13 π /8 292.5 -2723661.311
14 7 π /4 315.0 -1660157.37
15 15 π /8 337.5 -733674.4013
16 2π 360.0 8448.006126
 Chart Title
12

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

III. FORCE ANALYSIS

  Choosing the direction of vector N23 downward as show in picture
Assume that the crank goes up from the starting point φ 01=0 degree, according to
D’alembert theorem:
∑⃗
F +⃗
Finertia =0

−→ ⃗
F3+ ⃗ N 23 +⃗
P +⃗ F 3∈¿ =0 ¿

Oy axis:
F 3+ p+ N 23 cos α +m3 a3=0


2
p×π ×D
+m3 × ÿ +m3 × g + N 23 × cos α =0
4

−3
p × π ×0.9 ×10 + 0.6 × ÿ +5.88+ N 23 ×cos α =0

√
p × π ×0.9 ×10−3+ 0.6 × ÿ +5.88+ N 23 × 1− ( )
AB 2
BC
(cos ( φ ))2=0

From data input:

Ya=0.82H=82(mm)
Yd=0.11H=11(mm)
At stage 1: y∈[O;a]. According to the line of the praragrah:
P=ay+b
At the point O: 0,1=a.0 +b
At the point A: 0.617=a.82 +b
 a=0.00630488 ;b=0.1
 P=0.00630488y + 0.1
At stage 2: y∈[a;b] => P=617
At stage 3: y∈[c;d]
P=ay+b
At the point C 0.123=a.100+b
At the point D 0,1=a.11 +b
 a= 0.00025843;b= 0.09715727
 P=0.00025843y+0.09715727
At stage 4: y∈[d;0] => p=0.1
Consider starting at the lowest point (BDC): at y=175 (mm)

No. φ 1(rad) φ 1(degree) y (mm) p(MPa) F 3 (N) N 23 (N )

1 π /8 22.5 239.3411573 0.410855984 0.001161668 -6.428969397
2 π /4 45.0 256.3920624 0.576460563 0.001629904 -6.539327502
3 3 π /8 67.5 269.0578172 0.420445316 0.001188781 -6.324544932
4 π /2 90.0 275 0.283344976 0.000801139 -6.164146115
5 5 π /8 112.5 273.3100451 0.420445316 0.001188781 -6.324544932
6 3 π /4 135.0 264.2500025 0.576460563 0.001629904 -6.539327502
7 7 π /8 157.5 249.2095915 0.410855984 0.001161668 -6.428969397
8 π 180.0 230.4886114 0.005068804 1.43317E-05 -6.0360072
9 9 π /8 202.5 210.9412483 - -
-5.556925936
0.440204641 0.001244649
10 5 π /4 225.0 193.5393244 - -
-4.942488949
0.996094422 0.002816391
11 11 π /8 247.5 180.9220919 - -
-4.256602288
1.634196787 0.004620583
12 3 π /2 270.0 175 - -
-3.933929518
1.940583611 0.005486871
13 13 π /8 292.5 176.6698639 - -
-4.256602288
1.634196787 0.004620583
14 7 π /4 315.0 185.6813842 - -
-4.942488949
0.996094422 0.002816391
15 15 π /8 337.5 200.673246 - -
-5.556925936
7 0.440204641 0.001244649
16 2π 360.0 219.374109
0.005068804 1.43317E-05 -6.0360072
7