CFD ASSIGNMENT

Bachelor of Technology
(Mechanical Engineering)

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BTech lll (ME), 5th Semester

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Surat- 395007 , Gujarat.

 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Flow over a square cylinder inside a 2D channel.

Vx = U0
a
B Full developed
Vy = 0
Short procedure to solve this question in below steps :
Step 1 : INITIALISATION

𝑉𝑥 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡 = 0 , 𝑉𝑦 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡 = 0 , 𝝍 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡 = 0 , 𝑤 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡 = 0
Step 2 : solve vorticity transport equation

𝜕𝑤
∫∫∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫∫wV .dA = 𝚼∫∫ ▽w. dA
𝜕𝑡

𝑛+1
Step 3 : use 𝑤𝑖,𝑗 to solve equation for steam function

∫∫∫ w𝑑𝑣 = - ∫∫ ▽ 𝝍 .dA

Step 4 : For getting velocity

To obtain,
𝑛+1 𝑛+1
𝑉𝑥(𝑖,𝑗) , 𝑉𝑦(𝑖,𝑗)

𝜕𝝍 𝝍𝑖,𝑗+1 − 𝝍𝑖,𝑗−1 𝜕𝝍 𝝍𝑖+1,𝑗 − 𝝍𝑖−1,𝑗

𝑉𝑥𝑛+1 = = , 𝑉𝑦𝑛+1 = =
𝜕𝑦 2𝜟𝑦 𝜕𝑥 2𝜟𝑥
STEP 5 - Upgrading boundary conditions for w
𝜕𝑉𝑥 𝑉𝑖,𝑗 − 0
𝑤𝑏(𝑖,1/2) - 1 =-
𝜕𝑥 (𝑖, ) ∆𝑦/2
2

𝜕𝑉𝑥 0−𝑉𝑖,𝑚
𝑤𝑏(𝑖,𝑚+1/2) - 1 =-
𝜕𝑥 (𝑖,𝑚+ ) ∆𝑦/2
2
Now solving for step 2 :
𝝏𝒘
∫∫∫ 𝒅𝑽 + ∫∫wv .dA = 𝚼∫∫ ▽ w. dA
𝝏𝒕
𝑤𝑝𝑛+1 − 𝑤𝑝 𝑤𝑒𝑛+1 + 𝑤𝑝 𝑛+1 + 𝑤
𝑤𝑤 𝑝
𝑛+1 + 𝑤
𝑤𝑛 𝑝 𝑤𝑠𝑛+1 + 𝑤𝑝
∆𝑥∆𝑦 + 𝑣𝑥𝑒 ∆𝑦 - 𝑣𝑥𝑤 ∆𝑦+ 𝑣𝑦𝑛 ∆𝑥- 𝑣𝑦𝑠 ∆𝑥
∆𝑡 2 2 2 2

= 𝚼 [(𝑤𝑁 −𝑤𝑃 ) + (𝑤𝑆 - 𝑤𝑃 ) + (𝑤𝐸 - 𝑤𝑃 ) + (𝑤𝑊 - 𝑤𝑃 )]

𝑎𝑝 𝑤𝑝𝑛+1 + 𝑎𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑛+1 + 𝑎𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑛+1 + 𝑎𝑛 𝑤𝑛𝑛+1 + 𝑎𝑠 𝑤𝑠𝑛+1 = 𝑤𝑝𝑛

𝜟𝑡 𝑥 𝜟𝑡 𝑊𝑥 𝜟𝑡 𝐸𝑥
𝑎𝑝 = [4𝚼 + (N+E-S-W)+1] , 𝑎𝑤 = - [ + 𝚼] , 𝑎𝑒 = [ - 𝚼] ,
𝑥2 2 𝑥2 2 𝑥2 2
𝜟𝑡 𝑆𝑥 𝜟𝑡 𝑁𝑥
𝑎𝑠 = - [ + 𝚼] , 𝑎𝑁 = - 2 [ - 𝚼]
𝑥2 2 𝑥 2

where ,
𝒗𝒙𝑬 + 𝒗𝒙𝑷 𝒗𝒚𝑵 + 𝒗𝒚𝑷 𝒗𝒙𝑾 + 𝒗𝒙𝑷 𝒗𝒚𝑺 + 𝒗𝒚𝑷
E= N= W= S=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
BLOCK
Boundary conditions
cell (1,1) cell (1,j) j=2,3,4 cell (1,5)
E=U , N=0 N=0 N = 0 , W = 𝒗𝒙(𝒊,𝒋)
𝟐𝒗𝒙(𝒊,𝒋) 𝟐𝒗𝒙(𝟏,𝒋) 𝟐𝒗𝒙(𝟏,𝟓)
𝒘𝑾 = 0 , 𝒘𝑵 = - 𝒘𝒏 = - 𝒘𝒏 = - , 𝒘𝑾 = 𝒘𝒊,𝒋
𝒚 𝒚 𝒚

cell (i,5) i = 2,3,4 cell (5,5) cell (5,j) j = 2,3,4

𝟐𝒗𝒙(𝟓,𝒋)
W = 𝒗𝒙(𝒊,𝒋) , 𝒘𝑾 = 𝒘𝒊,𝒋 W = 𝒗𝒙(𝒊,𝒋) , S = 0 S = 0 , 𝒘𝒔 = -
𝒚
𝟐𝒗𝒙(𝟓,𝟓)
𝒘𝑾 = 𝒘𝒊,𝒋 , 𝒘𝒔 = -
𝒚

cell (i,1) i = 2,3,4 cell(5,1)

w = U , 𝒘𝑾 = 0 w=U,S=0
𝟐𝒗𝒙(𝟓,𝟏)
𝒘𝑾 = 0 , 𝒘𝒔 = -
𝒚
By Implicit Approach
𝑛+1/2 𝑛+1/2 𝑛+1/2 𝑛+1/2 𝑛+1/2
𝑎𝑝 𝑇𝑝 + 𝑎𝑤 𝑇𝑤 + 𝑎𝑒 𝑇𝑒 = 𝑇𝑝𝑛 - 𝑎𝑛 𝑇𝑛 - 𝑎𝑠 𝑇𝑠

First we have to make matrix for 𝑎𝑝 ,𝑎𝑤 , 𝑎𝑒 , 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑎𝑠

for i = [1,5] , j = [1,5]

𝒗𝒙(𝒊,𝒋+𝟏) + 𝒗𝒙(𝒊,𝒋) 𝒗𝒙(𝒊,𝒋−𝟏) + 𝒗𝒙(𝒊,𝒋) 𝒗𝒚(𝒊−𝟏,𝒋) + 𝒗𝒚(𝒊,𝒋) 𝒗𝒚(𝒊+𝟏,𝒋) + 𝒗𝒚(𝒊,𝒋)

E= W= N= S=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Values of 𝑎𝑝 ,𝑎𝑤 , 𝑎𝑒 , 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑎𝑠

𝜟𝑡 𝑊(𝑖,𝑗) 𝑥
𝐴𝑊𝑖,𝑗 = - 2[ + 𝚼]
𝑥 2

𝜟𝑡 𝐸(𝑖,𝑗) 𝑥
𝐴𝐸𝑖,𝑗 = [ - 𝚼]
𝑥2 2

𝜟𝑡 𝑁(𝑖,𝑗) 𝑥
𝐴𝑁𝑖,𝑗 = [ - 𝚼]
𝑥2 2

𝜟𝑡 𝑆(𝑖,𝑗) 𝑥
𝐴𝑆𝑖,𝑗 = - 2[ + 𝚼]
𝑥 2

𝜟𝑡 𝑥
𝐴𝑃𝑖,𝑗 = [4𝚼 + (𝑁𝑖,𝑗 − 𝑆𝑖,𝑗 − 𝑊𝑖,𝑗 + 𝐸𝑖,𝑗 ) + 1]
𝑥2 2
USING 2 TIMES TDMA APROACH

Making matrices for accounting change due to east and west cell
From N=0 to

𝒘𝒙 𝑩𝒙
𝑎𝑝 − 𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑒 0 0 0 (1,1) (1,1)
𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑝 𝑎𝑒 0 0 (1,2) 1,2
(1,3)
0 𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑝 𝑎𝑒 0 = 1,3
0 0 𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑝 𝑎𝑒 (1,4) (1,4)
(1,5) (1,5)
0 0 0 𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑎𝑒
Making equation for 𝐵𝑥

𝑎𝑝 𝑤𝑥𝑝 + 𝑎𝑤 𝑤𝑥𝑤 + 𝑎𝑒 𝑤𝑥𝑒 = 𝑤𝑜 - 𝑎𝑁 𝑤𝑜𝑁 - 𝑎𝑆 𝑤𝑜𝑆

for I = 1
2𝑣𝑥(𝑖,𝑗)
𝑤𝑜𝑁 = -
𝑦

4𝑣𝑥(𝑖,𝑗)
𝐵𝑥(𝑖,𝑗) = [𝑎𝑝(𝑖,𝑗) + 𝑎𝑛(𝑖,𝑗) ] 𝑤0(𝑖,𝑗) - 𝑎𝑠(𝑖,𝑗) 𝑤0 𝑖,𝑗+1 + 𝑎𝑛(𝑖,𝑗)
𝑦
for i = 2,3,4
𝐵𝑥(𝑖,𝑗) = 𝑤0(𝑖,𝑗) - 𝑎𝑠 𝑤0𝑠 - 𝑎𝑛 𝑤0𝑛

for I = 5
4𝑣𝑥(𝑖,𝑗)
𝐵𝑥(𝑖,𝑗) = [𝑎𝑝(𝑖,𝑗) + 𝑎𝑠(𝑖,𝑗) ] 𝑤0(𝑖,𝑗) - 𝑎𝑛(𝑖,𝑗) 𝑤0 𝑖,𝑗−1 − 𝑎𝑠(𝑖,𝑗)
𝑦
 𝑤𝑦 𝐵𝑦
𝑎𝑝 − 𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑒 0 0 0 (1,1) (1,1)
𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑝 𝑎𝑒 0 0 (2,1) 2,1
(3,1)
0 𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑝 𝑎𝑒 0 = 3,1
0 0 𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑝 𝑎𝑒 (4,1) (4,1)
(5,1) (5,1)
0 0 0 𝑎𝑤 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑎𝑒
STEP 3 – Solving for Si [Velocity steam function]

∫∫∫ w𝑑𝑣 = - ∫∫ ▽ 𝝍 .dA

Discretisation of Si

𝑛+1 𝝍𝑖+1,𝑗 − 𝝍𝑖,𝑗 𝝍𝑖,𝑗 − 𝝍𝑖,𝑗−1 𝝍𝑖,𝑗+1 − 𝝍𝑖,𝑗

𝑤𝑖,𝑗 𝜟x𝜟y = 𝜟y - 𝜟y + 𝜟x
𝜟𝑥 𝜟𝑥 𝜟𝑦
𝝍𝑖,𝑗 − 𝝍𝑖,𝑗+1
+ 𝜟x
𝜟𝑦
for 𝝍
2
𝑤𝑖,𝑗 𝑥 = 4𝝍𝑝 - 𝝍𝑤 - 𝝍𝑛 - 𝝍𝑒 - 𝝍𝑠
1
𝝍𝑝 = [𝑤𝑖,𝑗 𝑥 2 + 𝝍𝑤 + 𝝍𝑛 + 𝝍𝑒 + 𝝍𝑠 ]
4
Boundary conditions for Si

𝜕𝑉𝑥
w=- , 𝝍 = 0, 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑉𝑥
w=-
𝜕𝑦
w=0 𝑈𝑜 𝐵 𝜕𝑤
𝝍= =0
2
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑦 = 0 𝜕𝑥
𝝍 = 𝑈𝑜 𝑦
𝜕𝑉𝑦 𝑈 𝐵 𝜕𝑉𝑦 𝑈 𝐵
w= , 𝝍= 𝑜 w= , 𝝍= 𝑜 , 𝜕𝑉𝑥
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 2 =0
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑈𝑜 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑦 = 0 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑦 = 0 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑉𝑥 𝜕𝝍
𝑉𝑦 = 0 w=-
𝜕𝑦 =0
𝑈𝑜 𝐵 𝜕𝑥
𝝍=
2
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑦 = 0

𝜕𝑉𝑥
w=- , 𝝍 = 𝑈𝑜 𝐵 , 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑦

𝑉𝑥 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡 = 0 , 𝑉𝑦 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡 = 0 , 𝝍 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡 = 0 , 𝑤 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡 = 0
Making of Grids for computational fluid domain
Velocity Graph