CRIM1 |INTRODUCTION TO PERSONAL

IDENTIFICATION WEEK 8 METHEU ORFILA

 FATHER OF TOXICOLOGY
FORENSIC SCIENCE
DR. PAUL KIRK
 Refers to the application principles of various
 FATHER OF CRIMINALISTICS IN U.S.
sciences to law. It is a course ir a group of
subjects which uses principles of various
AUGUSTT VOLLMER
studies that would give light to certain legal
 Head of the first comprehensive Crime
issues.
Laboratory in US established in Los
Angeles.
 A critical element of the criminal justice
system. Forensic Scientists examine and
EDMUND LOCARD
analyze evidence fro crime scenes and
 FATHER OF POROSCOPY
elsewhere to develop objective findings that
 He states the principle that in every
can assist in the investigation and prosecution
crime scene there leaves traces that will
of perpetrators of crime or absolve an
lead to the identify of its author
innocent person from suspicion.
ALBERT S. OSBORN
CRIMINALISTICS
 FATHER OF QUESTIONED
DOCUMENT
 Refers to the application of the principles of
 He stated that “Physical evidence do
various sciences in solving problems in
not lie” only that somehow forensic
connection with administration of justice.
specialist failed to interpret what the
physical evidence is trying to tell us.
 Sometime referred to as “Forensic Science
or POLICE SCIENCE”
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
“Law of Multiplicity of Evidence”
 Branch of forensic science that deals with
 The greater number of similarities and
physical evidence that has to be collected,
dissimilarities; the greater is the possibility of
preserved, examined, and compared in order
the conclusion to be correct.
to serve the ends of justice.
ALPHONSE BERTILLION
FORENSIC
 FATHER OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
 FATHER OF MUG SHOT
 Derived from the Latin word “FORUM”
 First to devise a scientific methos of
which means “Market Place”, a place
identification called “Anthropometry”
where people gathered for “Public
Discussion”. When it used in
ANTRHOPOMETRY - First scientific method of
conjuction with other sciences it simply
personal identification which is done by
connotes the idea of application to the
measuring the various bony structure of the
law or the administration of justice.
human body.
- “LEGAL”
IMPORTANCE OF IDENTIFICATION OF
PERSONS
PERSONALITIES 1. In criminal Case, the identity of the offender
and that of the victim must be established,
DR. HANS GROSS otherwise, it will be a ground for the dismissal
 Australian Magistrate of the charge or acquittal of the accused.
 Described “Search for truth” as the
ultimate goal of all investigate and 2. Identification of a missing person or presumed
detective works. dead will facilitate settlement of the state,
 FATHER OF CRIMINALISTICS retirement, insurance and other social

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 benefits. It vests on the heirs the right over the 2. CEREBELLAR GAIT associated with
properties of the identified person. staggering movement (intoxicated by
alcohol)
3. Identification resolves the anxiety of the next-
of-skin, other relatives and friends as to the
whereabouts of a missing person or victim of
calamity or crime.

4. Identification may be needed in some

transaction, like cashing of check, entering a
premise, delivery of parcels or registered mail
in post office, sale of property, release of dead
bodies to relatived, parties to contract, etc. 3. COWS GAIT - swaying movement due to
knock-knee

METHODS OF IDENTIFICATIONS

1. BY COMPARISON - with the use of standard

specimens, the evidence under question can
be compared in order to effect identification.

2. BY EXLUSION - two or more persons have to

be identified and all but one is not yet 4. PARETIC GAIT - steps are short, the feet
identified then, whose idetify has not been dragged, the legs held more or less widely
established may be known by the process of apart.
elimination.

ORDINARY METHODS OF IDENTIFICATIONS

1. APPLICABLE TO LIVING ONLY:

A. Characteristics that may be easily be
changed:
 Growth of hair, beard, or mustache
 Clothing 5. SPASTIC GAIT - the legs are held together
 Frequent place of visit and moves in stiff manner, and the toes to
 Grade of proffesion drag and catch.
 Body ornamentation

B. Characteristics that may not be easily

changed:
 Mental Memory
 Speech
 Gait (Manner of walking)

TYPES OF GAIT 6. WADDLING GAIT - a gait resembling

duck.
1. ATAXIC GAIT the foot is raised high,
thrown forward and brought down suddenly
(zombie)

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 7. FROG GAIT - hoping gait in infantile  DERMATOGLYPHICS deals with study of
paralysis. skin pattern derived from greek “Derma”
means “skin” and “Glype” means Carve.

VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF THE FINGER

1. POLYDACTYL - born with more than 10

fingers.
2. MACRODACTYL - having enlarge finger
3. MICRODACTYL - having small finger
4. ECTODACTYL - born with missing finger
5. SYNDACTYL Side fusion of the finger

THE STUDY OF FINGERPRINT IN THE

PHILIPPINES

1. MR. JONES - First who taught fingerprint in

the Philippines.

2. GENEROSO REYES - First Filipino fingerprint

Technician

3. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES VS.

MEDINA - first conviction base on Fingerprint
and leading case decision in the Philippines
Jurisprudence.

4. PLARIDEL EDUCATION INSTITUTE (PEI) -

Now known as Philippine College of
Criminology, first government recognized
school to teach the science of fingerprint and
other police sciences.

5. LUCILA LALU - First Filipina chop chop lady

who was identified through fingerprint.

DEFINITION OF TERMS BASIC PRINCIPLE OF FINGERPRINT

 DACTYLOSCOPY - latin word “DACTYL” 1. INDIVIDUALITY - No two persons have

means finger “SKOPIEN” means to study the same fingerprint. (based on static
or examine. probability)
- Practical application of the science of
fingerprints (classification & identification) 2. INFALLIBILITY - fingerprint is a positive
and reliable means od identificatio. It
 DACTYLOGRAPHY - scientific study of cannot easily be forged.
fingerprint as a means of identification.
3. CONSTANCY OR PERMANENCY - the
 DACTYLOMANCY scientific study of friction ridge once fully developed its
fingerprint for the purpose of personality arrangement will remain the same
interpretation. throughout man’s life.

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 FINGERPRINT FRICTION SKIN

 It is an impression design by the first

 Epidermal hairless skin found on the
joint of the finger and thumb on smooth
ventral or lower surface of the hands
surface through the media of ink, sweat
and feet covered with ridges and
or any substance capable of producing
furrows. It is also called as papillary
visibity.
skin.
RELATED SCIENCES TO THE STUDY OF
FINGERFRINT COMPONENTS OF THE FRICTION SKIN

1. CHIROSCOPY greek word “Cheir” means 1. RIDGE SURFACE

“Hand” “skopien” means “to examine” a. RIDGE - elevated hill like structure/the
 STUDY OF PRINTS OF THE PALM OF black lines with tiny white dots.
THE HAND b. FURROWS - depressed or canal like
structure/white space between ridges
2. PODOSCOPY Greek word “Podo” means
“foot” “skopien” means “to examine”
 STUDY OF FOOTPRINTS

3. POROSCOPY greek word “Poros” means

“Pare” “Skopien” means “to examine:
 STUDY OF THE ARRANGEMENT OF
SWEAT GLANDS.

EDMOND LOCARD (Father of Poroscopy)

4. EDGEOSCOPY
 STUDY OF SIDES OF THE FRICTION
RIDGES

5. RIDGEOSCOPY 2. SWEAT PORES - the tiny opening/ the tiny

 STUDY OF RIDGES white dots
3. SWEAT DUCT - the passageway.
PHALANGE 4. SWEAT GLANDS - the producer of sweat.

 It is the skeletal finger covered with

friction skin. It is made up of three
bones:

a. BASAL OR PROXIMAL PHALANGE -

located at the base of the finger nearest
the palm.

b. MIDDLE PHALANGE - next and above

the basa bone.

c. TERMINAL PHALANGE - particular bone

covered with friction skin, having all the
different types of fingerprint pattern and it
is located near the rip of the finger.
98

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 THE FINGERPRINT PATTERN
B. CENTRAL POCKET LOOP WHORL - No
1. ARC - (5%) Pattern without ridges count circuiting ridge within the pattern area is
touched or corsses by an imaginary line
A. PLAIN ARCH (A) - pattern in which the drawn between two deltas.
ridges flow from one side to the other side
with a slight raise at the center.

C. DOUBLE LOOP WHORL

B. TENTED ARCH (T) - type of pattern
1. Two separate loop formation
having an angle, uptrust or an incomplete
2. Two separate and distinct shoulder
loop form.
3. Two deltas

D. ACCIDENTAL LOOP WHORL

2. THE WHORL (35%)
Combination of two diffent patterns with
Basic elements od Whorl
the exception od the plan arch. - Two
 Two or more Deltas
Deltas
 At least one complete circuiting ridge.

A. PLAIN WHORL - at least one circuiting

ridge is touching or crossed by the
imaginary line traversing between the 2
deltas.

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