Bettani Series English Class-6th

ENGLISH CLASS 6th

Unit no 1A: Hazrat Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬

Unit Related Important Points
1) When was Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬born? 20th April, 571 A.D.
2) What was Hazrat Muhammad (‫')ﷺ‬s father's name? Hazrat Abdullah
3) Where was Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬born? Makkah
4) Who was Hazrat Muhammad (‫')ﷺ‬s grandfather? Abdul Muttalib
5) Who named Hazrat Muhammad (‫?)ﷺ‬ Abdul Muttalib
6) What name did Hazrat Muhammad (‫')ﷺ‬s mother love to call him? Ahmad
7) Who was Hazrat Muhammad (‫')ﷺ‬s foster-mother? Hazrat Haleema
8) How long did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬stay with his foster-mother? Five years
9) Where did Muhammad (‫')ﷺ‬s mother take him at six years old? Grave of his father
10) Who took care of Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬after Abdul Muttalib? Hazrat Abu Talib
11) What was Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬called for never telling a lie? Sadiq
12) What title was given to Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬for being honest? Amin
13) Who wished to marry Hazrat Muhammad (‫?)ﷺ‬ Khadija (RA)
14) What did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬say about women? Women are Weak
15) How should you treat women according to Hazrat Muhammad (‫?)ﷺ‬ Kindness & love
16) Who was Hazrat Khadija (RA)'s slave? Hazrat Zaid (RA)
17) How did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬treat Hazrat Zaid (RA)? Like his own child
18) How did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬treat birds and animals? Kindly
19) What advice did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬give to the camel driver? Be kind
20) Why did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬advise the camel driver to be kind? Old and weak
21) How many prisoners of war did he (‫ )ﷺ‬set free in the battle of Hawazin? 6000
22) What did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬do when Makkah was conquered? Forgave enemies
23) Which city did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬visit? Taif
24) What did his enemies throw at him in Taif? Stones
25) What happened to Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬when he was attacked in Taif? He was wounded
26) What did the angel ask him (‫ )ﷺ‬to do? Curse enemies

Words Meanings in Urdu and English

Words Urdu Meaning English Meaning
1) Foster-mother ‫راضیعامں‬ A woman who takes care of another person's child
2) Widow ‫ویبہ‬ A woman whose husband has died
3) Proposal ‫اشدیاکاغیپم‬/‫وجتزی‬ Act of formally asking for marriage
4) Orphan ‫میتی‬ A child without parents
5) AD ‫وسیعی‬ Anno Domini, used for dates after the birth of Jesus
6) Slave ‫الغم‬ A person owned by someone

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Circle the correct article (a / an / the) in each sentence.
1) Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬was looked after by a/an/the foster mother. Answer: a
2) Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬never told a/an/the lie. Answer: a
3) Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬was kind to a/an/the poor slaves. Answer: the
4) Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬was a/an/the grandson of Hashim. Answer: the
5) Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬treated a/an/the rich and a/an/the poor alike. Answer: the/the
Find the meaning and parts of speech: 2) Enemy (‫)دنمش‬: Foe, adversary.
1) Modest (‫)رنمزماج‬: Having a humble 3) Kind (‫)رہمابن‬: Compassionate, benevolent.
opinion of one’s abilities (adjective). 4) Right (‫)حیحص‬: Correct, accurate.
2) Pardon (‫)اعمیف‬: The act of forgiving (noun). 5) Carry (‫)ااھٹان‬: Transport, convey.
3) Pitied (‫)رمحایک‬: Felt sorrow for (verb). 6) Friend (‫)دوتس‬: Companion, ally.
4) Conquer (‫)حتفرکان‬: To take control (verb). Underline the nouns in the sentences
5) Curse (‫)دبداع‬: An expression of a wish that and then mention whether they are
harm happens (noun/verb). countable or uncountable.
6) Mercy (‫)رتمح‬: Compassion or forgiveness 1) I turned on all the fans. Countable
(noun). 2) Have you found a house yet? Countable
Synonyms with Meanings 3) The garden is beautiful. Countable
4) The noise frightened her. Uncountable
1) Path (‫)راہتس‬: Way, route. 5) The iron door has rusted. Countable

Unit no 1B: Dedicated to Humanity (Abdul Sattar Edhi)

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Unit Related Important Points

1) What was Abdul Sattar Edhi often referred to as? Angel of Mercy
2) What was Abdul Sattar Edhi known for? Humanitarian
3) When was Abdul Sattar Edhi born? 1928
4) Where was Abdul Sattar Edhi born? Gujrat, India
5) When did Edhi's family migrate to Pakistan? 1947
6) Abdul Sattar Edhi was a famous humanitarian and……... Philanthropist
7) Whose name do most ambulances in Pakistan bear? Abdul Sattar Edhi
8) What did Abdul Sattar Edhi start? Edhi Foundation
9) What type of organization did Edhi Foundation become? Welfare organization
10) What was Edhi's ambulance service called? Edhi Ambulance Corps
11) How often did the Edhi Ambulance Corps operate? 24/7
12) What services did the Edhi Foundation provide? Medical care
13) Who did Edhi establish homes for? Abandoned children
14) What did Edhi believe every human being deserved? Dignity and care
15) When and to whom was Abdul Sattar Edhi married? 1966, Balquess Edhi
16) When did Abdul Sattar Edhi die? July 8, 2016
17) How old was Abdul Sattar Edhi when he died? 88 years
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verbs in parentheses (Present
simple, present continuous, or simple past):
1) Abdul Sattar Edhi (be) was a renowned philanthropist who (devote) devoted his life to
helping others.

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2) The Edhi foundation (Provide) provides free healthcare and emergency service to those in
need.
3) Edhi’s ambulance service (operate) operates 24/7, offering immediate medical assistance.
4) His organization (run) runs hospitals, clinics, and orphanages, providing essential care and
support.
5) Abdul Sattar Edhi (believe) believed that every human being (deserve) deserves dignity and
care.
Classification of Nouns:
1) Proper Nouns: Abdul Sattar Edhi, Gujrat, India, Karachi, Faisal
2) Common Nouns: Mother, Wife, Hospital, Donkey, Son
3) Abstract Nouns: Illness, Education, Death, Life, Comfort, Patience, Home
4) Concrete Noun: Jewelry, Wheelchair, Ambulance

Unit no 1C: Dedicated to Humanity (Mother Teresa)

Unit Related Important Points
1) What was Mother Teresa known for? Charitable work
2) Among whom did Mother Teresa work? Poverty victims
3) Where did Mother Teresa do most of her work? Calcutta slums
4) When was Mother Teresa born? August 26, 1910
5) Where was Mother Teresa born? Skopje, Macedonia
6) What was Mother Teresa’s birth name? Anjeze Gonxhe
7) Which community did she join in 1928? Sisters of Loretto
8) How long did she teach at the school in Calcutta? 17 years
9) What did Mother Teresa decide to do in 1946? Help the sick
10) Name one award Mother Teresa received. Jewel of India
11) What caused Mother Teresa’s death? Heart attack
12) When did Mother Teresa die? September 5, 1997
13) How old was Mother Teresa when she died? 87 years
14) In how many countries did her work continue? 90 countries
Use the following personal pronouns accordingly.
1) She was internationally known for her charitable work.
2) People admire Mother Teresa’s kindness. They call her the angel of mercy.
3) For 17 years, she taught at a school. It was run by Sisters of Loretto.
4) Mother Teresa led the order for 50 years and she opened schools for children and centers to
treat the blind and disabled.
5) After her death, they carried on her work in more than 90 countries.
6) The authorities greatly acknowledged her efforts and they gave her awards such as Decree
of Praise, the Jewel of India, etc.
Select the correct possessive pronoun for each of the sentences below.
1) The award is (her, hers) to cherish. Answer: hers
2) Her work will be remembered as (our, ours). Answer: ours
3) Is this (your, yours)? Answer: yours
4) Cats love to play. It is the favorite activity of (their, theirs). Answer: theirs
Label the demonstrative, reflexive, or interrogative pronoun.
1) Are you sure this is the right way to the museum? Demonstrative Pronoun
2) She saw herself in the mirror and smiled. Reflexive Pronoun
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3) That is the best movie I’ve ever seen! Demonstrative Pronoun
4) Who is responsible for completing this task? Interrogative Pronoun
5) He always talks to himself when he’s alone. Reflexive Pronoun
6) These are the cookies I baked yesterday. Demonstrative Pronoun
7) Can you pass me those books and pencils, please? Demonstrative Pronoun
8) Which of these books do you want to read? Interrogative Pronoun
9) We need to decide who will be the team leader. Interrogative Pronoun
Unit no 1D: Helen Keller-A (Girl with a Vision)
Unit Related Important Points
1) When was Helen Keller born? June 27, 1880
2) Where was Helen Keller born? Tuscumbia, Alabama
3) Who was Helen Keller by profession? Author and activist
4) How did Helen become disabled? Childhood illness
5) Who directed Helen’s parents to help? Alexander Graham Bell
6) Who was Helen Keller’s lifelong teacher? Anne Sullivan
7) How did Anne teach Helen? Using touch
8) What was Helen’s first learned word? Doll
9) Which school did Helen attend? Deaf school in Boston
10) What was Helen’s college achievement? Bachelor’s degree (1904)
11) Which college did Helen graduate from? Radcliffe College
12) What did Helen write for magazines? Articles on blindness
13) What was Helen’s lecture focus? Blind needs and rights
14) What did Helen do for the foundation? Raised funds
15) When did Helen start her campaign? 1920
16) Which book details Helen’s life? 'The Story of My Life'
17) When did Helen Keller die? June 1, 1968
18) Where did Helen Keller die? Westport, Connecticut
19) What is Helen Keller’s legacy? Symbol of courage
English and Urdu Meanings of the Words: Anagram:
1) Optimistic (‫ – )وخشادیم‬Hopeful An anagram is a word made by rearranging the
letters of another word, using all the letters
2) Courageous (‫ – )اہبدر‬Brave exactly once.
3) Obstacle (‫ – )راکوٹ‬Barrier Examples:
1) Listen → Silent
4) Prolific (‫ – )رثکتےسدیپارکےنواال‬Productive 2) Dormitory → Dirty room
5) Braille (‫ – )انانیبارفادےکےیلےنھکلاکرطہقی‬Tactile 3) Elvis → Lives

6) Graduate (‫ – )افرغالیصحتل‬Alumnus The words in the box are anagrams.

7) Silence (‫ – )اخومیش‬Quietness Read the words carefully, rearrange
8) Disease (‫ – )امیبری‬Illness and fill in the blanks with the correct
words. rangy, tops, fade, peaks, haremace
9) Darkness (‫ – )ادنریھا‬Obscurity
1) Helen was able to see and hear when she
10) Deaf and Blind (‫ – )رہبہاورانانیب‬Disabled was born.
2) Helen became angry when no one
understood her.
3) Ann would never stop trying to teach
Helen.
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4) She went to a school for the deaf in 4) Helen Keller attended the school for
Boston. blind in:
5) Learning to speak was a bigger a. Atlanta b. New York
challenge. c. Chicago d. Boston
Read the given statements. Underline 5) Which of the following famous inventors
the correct one. helped Helen Keller?
a. Benjamin Franklin
1) Which of the following statements is true b. Alexander Graham Bell
about Helen Keller becoming deaf and c. Thomas Edison d. Thomas Jefferson
blind?
Bold the subject and italicize the
a. She fell from a van when she was 2
years old.
reflexive pronoun in the sentences
b. She was born deaf and became blind below.
after an accident. 1) ‘Learn to do things yourself,’ said
c. She had a high fever when she was 19 Helen’s teacher.
months old. 2) Her parents would blame themselves for
d. She fell down a flight of stairs at her her condition.
house when she was one year old. 3) Helen would often comfort herself by
2) In which state was Helen Keller born? writing about her life.
a. Alabama b. Hawaii 4) She learnt to use Braille herself so she
c. Ohio d. California could read and write.
3) Which of the following is the first word 5) Helen was courageous and determined to
Helen Keller learnt to spell? stand up for herself.
a. mother b. doll 6) Helen learned to do things herself
c. father d. smile

Unit no 2: Stories of All Times

Affix: An affix is a word part added to a root word to change its meaning or create a new word.
Affixes can be added at the beginning or end of a word. There are two main types of affixes:
prefixes and suffixes.

Prefix: A prefix is a type of affix added to the beginning of a word. It changes the meaning of the
root word, often indicating negation, reversal, or direction. Examples of prefixes include pre, un,
dis, de, ex, il, im, non, in, and mis.
Prefix Meaning Examples
de- from, down, away, reverse, opposite decode, decrease
dis- not, opposite, reverse, away disagree, disappear
ex- out of, away from, lacking, former exhale, explosion
il- Not illegal, illogical
im- not, without impossible, improper

Suffix: A suffix is a type of affix added to the end of a word. It modifies the word’s meaning or
function, often changing the word’s grammatical form (such as turning it into an adjective, adverb,
or noun). Examples of suffixes include ness, ed, ment, ly, less, able, er, and est.
Suffix Meaning Examples
-able able to, having the quality of comfortable, portable
-er Comparative bigger, stronger
-est Superlative strongest, tiniest

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-ful full of beautiful, grateful
-less without, not affected by friendless, tireless
-ly forming an adverb clearly, hourly
Adjectives:
Adjectives are words that describe or modify a noun or pronoun by providing additional
information about its quality, size, age, shape, color, or opinion. They identify or quantify things,
often answering questions like "what kind," "which one," "how many," or "whose."
Example: "She saw the princess wearing an expensive necklace."
Here, the word expensive describes the noun necklace.
Identify the adjectives in the sentences below and write them in the provided spaces.
1) "Please, spare my eggs, dear friend." dear
2) "Let us live like good neighbors and not disturb each other," the crow said. good
3) Whenever the crow laid eggs, the snake would eat them up. Laid
4) The crow felt helpless. helpless
5) The crow felt angry and thought, "I must teach that snake a lesson." angry
6) With big sticks, they beat the snake and killed it. big
7) The crow was happy. happy
8) "Now my eggs will be safe," she thought and flew away happily. Safe
Replace the following underlined words with their synonyms.
1) Luckily, a man came by and spotted the three boys running in fear being chased by some
wild animals. spotted → noticed wild → untamed
2) "What are you doing here? This is a very dangerous place to be in." dangerous → hazardous
3) All the wild animals are hiding inside the forest. wild → feral
4) A few hours later, the three boys were already inside the thick forest and they could hear
the sounds of ferocious animals. thick → dense ferocious → fierce
5) "But I heard that there are a lot of dangerous animals in the forest. What if we encounter
them in our way? We don’t have tools to protect ourselves."
dangerous → perilous encounter → meet tools → equipment
Complete Sentences and their Types:
A complete sentence is a group of words that conveys a complete idea. It must have at least one
subject and predicate, which are the essential parts of an independent clause. There are four main
types of sentences, each bringing variety to writing, making it more engaging, and improving
readability.
1) Declarative Sentence
o A declarative sentence makes a statement, provides a fact, offers an explanation, or
conveys information.
o Example: The man explained the importance of accepting one's mistake.
2) Exclamatory Sentence
o An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion and ends with an exclamation
mark.
o Examples: 1) I’m so sorry! 2) I can’t believe that you have stolen it!
3) Imperative Sentence
o An imperative sentence gives a direct command, request, invitation, warning, or
instruction.
o Examples: 1) Listen, boys! 2) Stop fighting. 3) Put the map back.
4) Interrogative Sentence

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o An interrogative sentence asks a question.
o Example: 1) What’s wrong, Osama?
Read and identify the following sentences.
1) I can’t believe that you have stolen the map! Exclamatory
2) Listen to me! Imperative
3) In the end, the man managed to resolve the dispute and made everyone happy. Declarative
4) Are you hurt? Interrogative
5) Have you stolen my map? Interrogative
6) Ismail noticed Osama’s reaction and asked what’s happening with him. Declarative
7) You almost got us killed! Exclamatory
8) Why did you do that? Interrogative
9) How can you do that? Interrogative
10) Hamza told the man about their journey and thanked him for saving them. Declarative
Unit no 3: Health and Safety

Identify the antonyms of the given words in options.

1) closest (‫)رقبیرتنی‬ a) nearby (‫)رقبی‬ b) farthest (‫)دوررتنی‬ c) close (‫)رقبی‬
2) exit (‫)ےنلکناکراہتس‬ a) opening (‫)انلھک‬ b) gate (‫)دروازہ‬ c) entrance (‫)داہلخ‬
3) nearest (‫)بسےسرقبی‬ a) innermost (‫)ادنروین‬ b) outermost (‫)بسےسابرہ‬ c) beside (‫)اپس‬
4) calm (‫)رپوکسن‬ a) relax (‫)آرامرکان‬ b) hyper (‫)ےبنیچ‬ c) excited (‫)رپوجش‬
5) loss (‫)اصقنن‬ a) gain (‫)افدئہ‬ b) absence (‫)ریغوموجدیگ‬ c) misplace (‫)طلغہگجرھکدانی‬
6) down (‫)ےچین‬ a) below (‫)ےچین‬ b) up (‫)اورپ‬ c) behind (‫)ےھچیپ‬
7) above (‫)اورپ‬ a) beside (‫)اپس‬ b) below (‫)ےچین‬ c) up (‫)اورپ‬
8) over (‫)اورپ‬ a) atop (‫)دنلبیرپ‬ b) above (‫)اورپ‬ c) beyond (‫)آےگ‬
Modal Verbs:
A modal is a verb that is used to express ability, possibility, permission, or obligation. It is a type
of auxiliary verb (helping verb) that is used together with the main verb of the sentence. Some
common examples include can, may, should, must, shall, and will.
Here is the usage of modal verbs:
1) Can is a modal that is used to convey ability.
Example: I can show you my passport and identification.
2) May is a modal that is used to ask permission and to indicate politeness.
Example: May I see your ticket, please?
3) Should is a modal that is used to show probability without certainty.
Example: Should I book the aisle or a window seat?
4) Must is a modal that is used to express obligation or compulsion.
Example: You must be at the gate thirty minutes before boarding.
5) Shall and Will are modals that are used to indicate predictions.
Example:
o Will you be bringing your luggage?
o Shall I expect the airplane to take off on time?
Underline the adverbs and identify the types of adverbs used in the given statements.
1) Lay the person on their back. Adverb of Place
2) Check everywhere for factors that could put you in danger. Adverb of Place
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3) If possible, ask a bystander to call 1122 immediately.
"Possible" - Adverb of Condition; "Immediately" - Adverb of Time
4) Usually, children have periodic breathing. Adverb of Frequency
5) Place the person carefully on their back and kneel beside their chest.
"Carefully" - Adverb of Manner; "On their back" and "Beside their chest" - Adverbs of Place
6) Tilt their head back slightly by lifting their chin. Adverb of Degree
Unit no 4: Sports and Games
Read the words given in the box and fill in the blanks with the correct words.
medal, stadium, winner, spectator, gold, ticket, athlete, flag
1) A medal can be gold, silver, or bronze. You wear it around your neck.
2) A stadium is a big, open place for sporting events. It has seats for spectators.
3) You need your ticket to enter the stadium.
4) Every country has a flag. It is made of fabric. It has colors and sometimes a picture.
5) An athlete is a person who is very good at sports.
6) A person who is watching a sporting event is called a spectator.
7) The winner is the person who finishes first or does the best.
8) The winner receives a gold medal.
Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
Prepositions of Place:
1) The cat sat under the table.
2) We can meet at the crossroads.
Prepositions of Direction:
1) Ride your bicycle along the road and you will reach the sports centre.
2) You will have to ride up the mountain to reach the hill station.
Prepositions of Time (use of ‘since’ and ‘for’):
1) Sarah has been playing soccer for five years.
2) The basketball game has been going on for two hours.
3) Since the tennis match started, it has been raining heavily.
4) Our team has been training every day for the last month.
5) The athletes have been running on the track since the morning.
Fill in the blanks with the prepositions given in the box.
Prepositions given: After, after, at, in, in, in, in, of, of, to, to, under, with, with

Tennis superstar Naomi Osaka has lit the flame to finally open the 2020 Olympic Games after a
tumultuous year, the Tokyo Olympics opening ceremony officially got under way, albeit a year
late. Because of fears of a fifth wave of Covid-19 cases in Japan's capital, it has been touch and go
as to whether or not the summer games would go ahead. The pandemic has already greatly
impacted the event. It now takes place with no fans in attendance and several athletes having to
withdraw after testing positive. Japan still hopes the Games will showcase its culture to the world.
The opening ceremony drew to a close around midnight in Japan with a spectacular fireworks
display illuminating Tokyo's night sky.
The Modern Olympics:
1) Where did the Olympic Games originate? Ancient Greece
2) When did the modern Olympics begin? 1896
3) Who revived the Olympic Games? Pierre de Coubertin
4) What was Coubertin's aim? Unite nations

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5) How often are the Olympics held? Every four years
6) What are the two types of Olympics? Summer and Winter
7) What values do the Olympics embody? Peace, unity
8) What symbolizes the unification of continents? Olympic flag
9) What represents the spirit of the games? Olympic torch
10) What does the torch relay signify? Passing flame
Choose the appropriate word from the given options to complete each sentence.
1) The modern Olympics, initiated by Pierre de Coubertin, aimed to _______ nations through
friendly competition.
a) unite b) divide c) isolate d) segregate
2) The inaugural modern Olympics were held in _______.
a) Athens, Greece b) Rome, Italy c) Paris, France d) London, England
3) The Olympic Games showcase a diverse range of _______.
a) sports b) movies c) music d) paintings
4) Athletes from all over the world participate in the Olympics to _______ their skills.
a) showcase b) hide c) diminish d) disregard
5) The Olympic torch relay symbolizes the _______ of the Olympic spirit from one
generation to the next.
a) continuity b) extinction c) discontinuation d) interruption
Fill in the blanks using the correct homophones.
1) Among the colors that represent all nations, the color of the flag that looks prominent is
blue. (blew/blue)
2) It motivated Pierre de Coubertin to start the Olympics again. (to/two)
3) The Modern Olympics were organized to acknowledge the talents of every individual.
(where/were)
4) Where did they hold the first Modern Olympic Games? (Where/Were)
5) Have you read the meaning of the Olympic flag? (red/read)
6) The Olympic flag is completely white with five rings at the centre such as red, blue,
yellow, etc. (red/read) (blue/blew)
7) The Modern Olympic were revived in the late 19th century. (were/where) (inn/in)
For each of the following sentences, decide whether the word in bold is a subject, a
verb, or an object.
1) Many countries donated a good amount to restore the Olympic Games. Answer: Verb
2) After the final speech, the drummer hurled his sticks at the crowd. Answer: Subject
3) The athlete smashed the ball with a racket. Answer: Verb
4) The German archeologist stunned the crowd with his ideas. Answer: Object
5) Very slowly, the player opened the box. Answer: Subject
Skiing….Winter Sports in Pakistan:
1) What is skiing primarily used for? Transport
2) Since when has skiing been popular? Mid-19th century
3) How fast can skiers go? Faster than a car
4) Where is skiing popular? Mountainous terrain
5) What type of device is not required in skiing? Power-producing device
6) What are skis used for? Sliding on snow
7) What are long, slim runners called? Skis
8) What do experts perform in advanced skiing? Lightning-quick turns
9) Where are skiing events featured? Winter Olympics

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10) How many skiing events are held at the Olympics? Four
11) Name one type of skiing event at the Olympics. Nordic
12) Which country has K2? Pakistan
13) What is K2 known as? 2nd tallest mountain
14) Name one skiing destination in Pakistan. Malam Jabba
15) Where is Naltar located? Gilgit Karakoram range
16) Which range is Nathiagali in? Himalayas
17) What altitude is Nathiagali located at? 8000 feet
18) What is special about Pakistan’s mountains? Snow-covered year-round
19) Which country first had a specialized ski unit? Norway
20) When did Norway form its ski unit? 1721
21) How many countries offer skiing? 80
22) How many calories can cross-country skiing burn per hour? Over 1,000
23) What equipment helps skiers push along? Poles
24) What type of skiing is best for beginners? Basic downhill skiing
25) How much does moderate downhill skiing burn per hour? 400 calories
26) What materials are skis made of? Metal, wood, plastic
27) What do skiers attach skis to? Shoes or boots
28) What do skiers use to keep their balance? Poles
29) What is skimming? Quickly understanding content
30) What does scanning involve? Using keywords
31) What is the purpose of scanning in reading? Finding specific information
Shandur Polo Festival in Pakistan:
1) Which country hosts the Shandur Polo Festival? Pakistan
2) What is the Shandur Polo Festival? Polo celebration
3) Where does the Shandur Polo Festival take place? Shandur Pass
4) How long does the Shandur Polo Festival last? Three days
5) Which two tribes participate in the Shandur Polo Festival? Gilgit, Chitral
6) From which regions do the participating tribes come? Gilgit-Baltistan, Chitral
7) What is unique about the polo matches played at Shandur Pass? Free-style
8) What is the altitude of the Shandur Polo Ground? 3,700 meters
9) Why is the Shandur Polo Ground special in terms of its location? Highest field
10) What natural feature is located next to the Shandur Polo Ground? Shandur Lake
11) Which mountain range surrounds the Shandur Polo Ground? Hindukush
12) What kind of experience does the Shandur Polo Festival offer to travelers? Cultural experience
13) When is the Shandur Polo Festival held each year? July
14) Who confirms the dates for the Shandur Polo Festival? Local government
15) What other activities accompany the polo matches during the festival? Music, dancing

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Unit no 5: Pride of Pakistan

Read the given words with correct pronunciation and write their synonyms in a
column using thesaurus.
Words Synonyms Urdu Meaning
Busting Lively ‫روقنےسرھبوپر‬
Possesses Owns ‫امکلوہان‬
Terrains Landscapes ‫زںینیم‬
Breathtaking Stunning ‫ریحتازیگن‬
Abundance Plenty ‫ارفاط‬
Desolate Deserted ‫وریان‬
Tournament Competition ‫اقمہلب‬
Magnificent splendid ‫اشدنار‬
Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah:
1) When was Fatima Jinnah born? 31 July 1893
2) When did Fatima Jinnah die? 9 July 1967
3) How old was Fatima Jinnah at her death? 73 years
4) Where was Fatima Jinnah born? Karachi
5) What was her father's name? Jinnahbhai Poonja
6) What was her mother's name? Mithibai Jinnah
7) Where did Fatima Jinnah complete her primary education? Bandra Convent, Bombay
8) What field did Fatima Jinnah study in college? Dentistry
9) Where did she study dentistry? University of Calcutta
10) What was her profession? Dental surgeon
11) When did she establish her dental clinic? 1923
12) When did she close her dental practice? 1929
13) Why did she close her dental clinic? Enter politics
14) What title was given to Fatima Jinnah? Madar-e-Millat
15) Who was her famous brother? Muhammad Ali Jinnah
16) What committee was she a member of? Bombay Provincial Muslim League
17) Which major event did she attend in 1940? Lahore Resolution
18) What organization did she help establish in 1941? Muslim Women Students Federation
19) Where was the federation organized? Delhi
20) What committee did she form in 1947? Women’s Relief Committee
Filled Answers with Conjunctions in Bold:
1) Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah was born in Karachi (after / during / since) the time of the British
period.
2) She was a dental surgeon (however / while / since) she wind up her dental practice in 1929
to take active part in politics.
3) She was one of the leading founding members of the modern state of Pakistan, (while / and
/ but) was widely known as Madar-e Millat (Mother of the Nation).
4) (While / During / After) the transfer of power in 1947, Jinnah formed the Women's Relief
Committee, which played a significant role in the settlement of Muhajirs in the new state of
Pakistan.

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5) She received her primary (while / and / but) secondary education from Bandra Convent in
Bombay (while / and / but) pursued her medical degree in dentistry from Dr. R. Ahmed
Dental College, University of Calcutta.
Fascinating Facts about Pakistan:
1) Which country has K2 and Tirich Mir? Pakistan
2) Name the three highest mountain ranges in Pakistan? Hindukush, Karakoram, Himalayas
3) What is the world's highest paved road in Pakistan? Karakoram Highway
4) Which seaport is the largest deep seaport in the world? Gwadar
5) Where did the Indus Valley Civilization flourish? Sindh
6) Which city produces half of the world’s footballs? Sialkot
7) Which types of footballs are produced in Sialkot? Hand-sewed
8) Where was official FIFA World Cup footballs made? Pakistan
9) Which country has the second-largest salt mines? Pakistan
10) Name the famous salt from Khewra Mines? Pink Himalayan
11) Where is the fourth largest irrigation system located? Pakistan
12) What is the name of Pakistan's irrigation system? Indus Basin
13) Where is the highest polo ground in the world? Shandur, Pakistan
14) Which mountains are home to K2? Karakoram
15) Which highway is known as the eighth wonder? Karakoram Highway
16) Which city is known for producing World Cup footballs? Sialkot
Unit no 6: Professions & Dignity of Labour

Complete the sentences in the past continuous tense. The first one is done for you.
1) I was (was/were) creating (create) amazing models out of sand and water before this job.
2) He was (was/were) making (make) money by winning competitions in sculpting during
winter break.
3) They were (was/were) completing (complete) their models in less than 24 hours.
4) An airline was (was/were) paying (pay) for sculptors to create sand passengers jetting as
marketing campaign every year.
5) He was (was/were) flying (fly) a commercial balloon for the last many years.
6) She was (was/were) attending (attend) hot air balloon school to qualify for the job quickly.
7) I was (was/were) training (train) for three months to obtain private pilot’s license.
8) You need more experience if you were (was/were) planning (plan) to fly above certain heights.
Choose the correct meaning for each underlined word based on its prefix or suffix.
1) Remove: In the word "remove," the prefix "re-" means:
a) To remove or undo b) Again or back c) Not or without
2) Grumpy: In the word "grumpy," the suffix "-y" means:
a) Pertaining to or characterized by b) One who or that which
c) Like or similar to d) Full of or having the quality of
3) Exterior: In the word "exterior," the prefix "ex-" means:
a) Not or without b) Out or outside c) Before or forward
4) iv. Scattered: In the word "scattered," the prefix "s-" means:
a) Not or without b) All or whole c) Together or with
5) v. Soften: In the word "soften," the suffix "-en" means:
a) Pertaining to or characterized by b) One who or that which
c) Like or similar to d) To make or become

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6) vi. Facade: In the word "facade," the suffix "-ade" means:
a) Not or without b) Action or process
c) Like or similar to d) Full of or having the quality of
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate simple past tense form of the verbs from the
reading passage about "A Man Called Ove."
1) Every morning, Ove woke (wake) up at precisely 6:00 a.m.
2) Ove complained (complain) about everything, from the noisy children playing outside to
the improper parking of cars.
3) He experienced (experience) great loss in his life, losing his beloved wife Sonja.
4) Ove built (build) emotional walls to protect himself, leading others to perceive him as a
cantankerous old soul.
5) The new family moved (move) into the house next door.
6) The children saw (see) beyond Ove's grumpiness and waved (wave) and smiled (smile) at
him.
7) Ove offered (offer) to help fix the flat tire on the family's bicycle.
8) Ove repaired (repair) the tire skillfully, and the children watched (watch) in awe.
9) Ove became (become) an integral part of the neighborhood.
10) Ove helped (help) his neighbors with handyman tasks and formed (form) genuine
friendships with them.
Underline the gerunds in each sentence below and identify their functions.
1) Walking the cat is my regular routine. Gerund: Walking Function: Subject
2) I particularly enjoy travelling.
Gerund: Travelling Function: Object of the verb "enjoy"
3) I am so tired of climbing!
Gerund: Climbing Function: Object of the preposition "of"
4) Lately, she has been having trouble sleeping.
Gerund: Sleeping Function: Object of the noun "trouble"
5) Drawing would be a good activity for you.
Gerund: Drawing Function: Subject
6) Sleeping is our first priority. Gerund: Sleeping Function: Subject
7) My favourite pastime is reading. Gerund: Reading
Function: Predicate nominative (renames the subject after the linking verb "is")
8) Washing clothes will have to wait until Sunday. Gerund: Washing Function: Subject
9) Listening to music is a remedy for loneliness. Gerund: Listening Function: Subject
Unit no 7: Self, People and Places
1) Simile: A simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things using the words
"like" or "as" to highlight a shared characteristic.
 Example: "Her smile was as bright as the sun."
MCQs for Simile:
 Which of the following is an example of a simile?
A) The clouds cried all day. B) Life is a rollercoaster.
C) He was as brave as a lion. D) The river was a mirror.
Explanation: Option C uses "as" to compare bravery to a lion, making it a simile.
 Similes often use which two words?
A) like, as B) and, or C) if, then D) such, very
Explanation: Similes commonly use "like" or "as" to make comparisons.

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 "She ran like the wind" is a simile because:
A) It exaggerates her speed. B) It states she is the wind.
C) It uses "like" to compare running to the wind. D) It describes the wind's movement.
Explanation: "Like" is used to compare her running speed to the wind.
 In the phrase "as cold as ice," what is being compared?
A) Cold and ice B) Hot and cold C) Ice and water D) Wind and snow
Explanation: "As cold as ice" compares someone's coldness to ice.
 Which sentence uses a simile?
A) The tree branches danced in the wind. B) Her laugh was a melody.
C) He is as stubborn as a mule. D) The stars are jewels in the sky.
Explanation: Option C uses "as" to compare his stubbornness to a mule.
2) Metaphor: A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes something by stating it is
something else, highlighting similarities without using "like" or "as."
 Example: "Time is a thief."
MCQs for Metaphor:
 Which of these sentences contains a metaphor?
A) Her voice was like music. B) He is a night owl.
C) The dog barked loudly. D) The clouds were fluffy.
Explanation: "He is a night owl" compares him to a night owl without using "like" or "as."
 In "The world is a stage," what literary device is used?
A) Simile B) Personification C) Metaphor D) Alliteration
Explanation: This is a metaphor because it states the world is a stage.
 Metaphors do NOT use which of the following?
A) "Like" or "as" B) Comparisons C) Descriptive language D) Imaginative language
Explanation: Metaphors make comparisons without using "like" or "as."
 "The classroom was a zoo" is an example of:
A) Personification B) Metaphor C) Alliteration D) Simile
Explanation: It’s a metaphor comparing a noisy classroom to a zoo.
 Which of the following is a metaphor?
A) She is as busy as a bee. B) His temper is like a volcano.
C) He has a heart of stone. D) The grass is green.
Explanation: "Heart of stone" directly compares his heart to stone, making it a metaphor.
3) Personification: Personification is a literary device where human qualities are given to
animals, objects, or ideas.
 Example: "The wind whispered through the trees."
MCQs for Personification:
 Which of these is an example of personification?
A) The river is deep. B) The sky is blue. C) The flowers danced in the breeze.
Explanation: Option B gives flowers the human ability to dance.
 Personification involves giving……………... qualities to non-human things.
A) Animal B) Human C) Imaginary D) Literary
Explanation: Personification attributes human characteristics to non-human objects.
 "The sun smiled down on us" is an example of:
A) Metaphor B) Simile C) Personification D) Alliteration
Explanation: The sun is given the human ability to smile, making it personification.
 Which of these sentences uses personification?
A) The car raced down the highway. B) The storm angrily pounded on the roof.

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C) The boy runs fast. D) The sky is clear.
Explanation: The storm is given the human emotion of anger, making it personification.
 In "The clock stared at me all night," what is the clock doing?
A) Ticking loudly B) Moving quickly C) Staring like a human D) Showing the time
Explanation: The clock is given the human ability to stare, making it personification.
4) Alliteration: Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sounds in a series
of words, usually close together, to create rhythm or mood.
 Example: "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."
MCQs for Alliteration:
 Alliteration is the repetition of which type of sounds?
A) Vowel sounds B) Consonant sounds C) Syllables D) Words
Explanation: Alliteration involves the repetition of initial consonant sounds.
 Which of the following lines uses alliteration?
A) The dog barked loudly. B) The tree is tall. C) She sells seashells by the seashore.
Explanation: The repetition of the "s" sound in option B makes it alliteration.
 Alliteration is often used to:
A) Compare two things B) Give human qualities C) Create rhythm and mood
Explanation: Alliteration creates a rhythmic or memorable effect in writing.
 Which sentence is an example of alliteration?
A) The cat chased the mouse. B) Bright blue birds flew by.
C) The river is long. D) The sun is warm.
Explanation: The repeated "b" sound in "bright blue birds" is alliteration.
 "Dancing daisies delight daily" is an example of:
A) Simile B) Metaphor C) Alliteration D) Personification
Explanation: The repetition of the "d" sound is alliteration.
Galileo Galilei, the Father of Modren Science:
1) Where was Galileo born? Pisa, Italy
2) When was Galileo born? 1564
3) What was Galileo’s profession? Mathematician, Astronomer
4) How many siblings did Galileo have? Five
5) Where did Galileo’s family move? Florence
6) Where did Galileo go to school? Monastery
7) What profession did Galileo initially consider? Priest
8) What did Galileo study to become? Doctor
9) What was Galileo’s main curiosity? World, Space
10) What instrument did Galileo improve? Telescope
11) What did Galileo observe orbiting Jupiter? Moons
12) What are Jupiter's moons called? Galilean Satellites
13) What else did Galileo invent? Thermometers, Compass
14) What did Galileo believe about Earth’s movement? Earth orbits Sun
15) Who disagreed with Galileo’s heliocentric theory? Many people
16) What did Galileo’s telescope challenge? Traditional cosmos
17) Where did Galileo conduct his gravity experiment? Tower of Pisa
18) What objects did he drop from the tower? Two balls
19) What was disproved by Galileo's experiment? Heavier objects fall faster
20) Who confirmed Galileo’s ideas later? Scientists

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Unit no 8: Space Tourism
1) What is the term for recreational space travel? Space Tourism
2) Who predicted space trips would become cheaper? Richard Crowther
3) Which agency does Richard Crowther advice? UK Space Agency
4) What will technology open up to everyone? Space
5) Who are scientists predicting future trends? Futurologists
6) What did futurologists predict after 1969 moon landing? Hotels on Moon
7) What century might have moon holidays? 21st Century
8) Which company first sent paying passengers to space? Space Adventures
9) What special equipment did Space Adventures develop? Space suits
10) What is Virgin Galactic planning? Suborbital travel
11) What height will suborbital passengers reach? 100 to 160 km
12) How long will passengers experience weightlessness? 3–6 minutes
13) What environmental issue could space tourism worsen? Global warming
14) What atmospheric layer could be damaged? Ozone layer
15) Which regions might suffer from increased space travel? Polar regions
16) Who is likely able to afford space travel currently? Super-rich
17) Which company aims to "open space to everyone"? Virgin Galactic
18) What did early aviation become over time? Mass market
19) What term describes Earth and space travel between special runways? Suborbital travel
20) How might space tourism impact costs? Technology reduction
21) Who may build homes in space in the future? Humans
22) What transportation do futurologists compare to spaceships? Airplanes
23) What special area has Space Adventures developed for space travel? Special runway
24) What can passengers view from space? Stars
25) What prevents millions from space tourism? Affordability

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ENGLISH CLASS 7th

Unit no 1A: The Last Sermon of Hazrat Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬

1) Where was Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬born? Makkah, Arabia
2) When was Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬born? 12th Rabi ul Awal
3) What is another name for Hazrat Muhammad (‫?)ﷺ‬ Al-Sadiq, Al-Amin
4) Who was Hazrat Muhammad's (‫ )ﷺ‬uncle? Hazrat Abu Talib
5) Where did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬meditate? Mount Hira
6) Who brought the first revelation to Hazrat Muhammad (‫ ?)ﷺ‬Hazrat Jibrail (AS)
7) What does "Iqra" mean? Read
8) In which year was the last sermon delivered? 10 Hijra
9) Where was the last sermon delivered? Mount Arafat
10) Who is referred to as ‘Rehmatul-lil-Aalamin’? Hazrat Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬
11) What was the purpose of Hazrat Muhammad’s (‫ )ﷺ‬last sermon? Guidance to humanity
12) Who were Hazrat Muhammad's (‫ )ﷺ‬ancestors? Hazrat Ismail and Hazrat Ibrahim
13) How old was Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬when his parents died? Six years
14) Who took care of Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬after his grandfather? Hazrat Abu Talib
15) At what age did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬receive the first revelation? Forty years
16) What was the message of the first revelation? Belief in Allah
17) What did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬preach? True religion Islam
18) What hardships did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬face? Persecution
19) What did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬say about rights over wives? Treat with kindness
20) What should Muslims do during Ramadan according to the last sermon? Fast
21) What did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬say about slaves? Treat kindly
22) What two things did he leave behind for guidance? Qur’an, Sunnah
23) What did Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬say about new prophets? No new prophet
24) What title did Allah give to Prophet Muhammad (‫?)ﷺ‬ Rehmatul-lil-Aalamin
25) Who responded to the first revelation command? Hazrat Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬
26) What was the Prophet's message to humanity? Equality, justice
Choose the correct option.
1) What is the basis of superiority in the eyes of Allah (‫?)ﷻ‬
a. earning wealth b. fair/white skin c. good parentage d. goodness and piety
2) "There is no preference for Arab over the non-Arab." Here the word "preference" means …
a. liking for b. disliking for c. precedent d. hatred for
3) Allah (‫ )ﷻ‬revealed to him the true religion, Islam. In this sentence "him" refers to……….
a. Hazrat Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬ b. Hazrat Jibrail (‫)عليه السالم‬ c. Arab
4) "Have I fulfilled my mission?" What mission the Rasool (‫ )ﷺ‬is referring to?
a. Preaching of Islam b. Journey to Madina c. Conquering of Makkah
5) The phrase "lend me an attentive ear" means ………..
a. put your hands on ears b. give me your ears c. listen to me attentively
6) The last sermon of the Rasool (‫ )ﷺ‬is for the entire………….
a. Muslims b. Arabs c. humanity d. Quraish

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Choose the correct option for the following statements.
1) Quaid-e-Azam is an example of a…………..
a. common noun b. countable noun c. proper noun d. uncountable noun
2) My family lives in Swat. Family is an example of ……….
a. collective noun b. proper noun c. countable noun d. uncountable noun
3) Don't cry over spilt milk. Milk is an example of a/an………….
a. collective noun b. proper noun c. common noun d. uncountable noun
4) The hungry fox saw a bunch of grapes. Bunch is a/an…………
a. common noun b. uncountable noun c. collective noun d. proper noun
5) Which one is the example of countable noun?
a. oil b. book c. sugar d. honey
6) Which one is the example of uncountable noun?
a. dress b. sand c. pencil d. bottle
7) Which one is the example of collective noun?
a. marched b. army c. up d. hill
Synonyms with Urdu Meanings:
1) Vast (‫ )وعیس‬- expansive, extensive, immense, enormous, wide
2) Spare (‫ )ااضیف‬- extra, additional, reserve, surplus, backup
3) Effort (‫ )وکشش‬- attempt, endeavor, try, exertion, struggle
4) Great (‫ )میظع‬- huge, immense, significant, considerable,
5) Hardship (‫ )تقشم‬- difficulty, adversity, struggle, suffering, challenge
6) Grew (‫ )الھپوھپال‬- developed, expanded, increased, flourished, advanced
7) Interest (‫ )دیپسچل‬- curiosity, attention, concern, engagement, fascination

Unit no 2: Nature
Identify the adjective in each sentence and write down its position (before or after the noun).
1) The swift bird flew across the sky. Adjective: swift Position: before
2) The tall trees provided shade on a hot day. Adjective: tall Position: before
3) The roaring waves crashed against the rocky shore. Adjective: roaring Position: before
4) A gentle breeze blew through the open meadow. Adjective: gentle Position: before
To form adjectives from nouns and verbs, we typically add suffixes like -ous, -ing, -ed, -
al, or -ful. Here are examples:
1) Noun: Mountain Adjective: Mountainous
2) Verb: Bloom Adjective: Blooming
3) Noun: Forest Adjective: Forested
4) Verb: Flow Adjective: Flowing
Adjectival Phrases in sentences.
An adjectival phrase is a group of words that functions as an adjective to describe or modify a
noun or pronoun in a sentence. It provides additional information about the noun or pronoun,
such as its appearance, condition, or characteristics. Adjectival phrases often consist of an
adjective along with other words like articles, prepositions, or nouns that work together to create
a more detailed description.

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For example:
The tree covered in colorful leaves.
In this example, "covered in colorful leaves" is an adjectival phrase because it describes the noun
"tree" by telling us more about its appearance.
Identify and underline the adjectival phrases in the following sentences.
1) The field of wildflowers was a colorful sight.
Adjectival phrase: of wildflowers
2) The tranquil lake, reflected the vibrant autumn leaves.
Adjectival phrase: reflected the vibrant autumn leaves
3) The ancient ruins, held a sense of mystery and wonder.
Adjectival phrase: held a sense of mystery and wonder
4) The steep mountain trail, challenged even the most experienced hikers.
Adjectival phrase: challenged even the most experienced hikers
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective given in the bracket based on
the context of the sentence.
1) The salt mine was deeper than any other mine we had visited. (deep)
2) The air inside the salty mine was cooler than we had anticipated. (salt)
3) We walked along the narrow path, enjoying the breathtaking view. (narrow)
4) The salt formations in the mine were more fascinating than we had imagined. (fascinate)
5) The restricted part of the mine was off-limits to visitors. (restrict)
6) Our guide pointed out the shiny chamber with unique salt crystals. (shiny)
7) The workers in the mine wore hard helmets for safety. (hard)
8) The mine's tunnels were wider and made exploration challenging. (wide)
9) We entered a fascinating area to observe the salt extraction process. (fascinate)
10) The salt mine is a popular tourist attraction in the region. (popular)
11) The view from the observation deck was breathtaking and provided a panoramic vista.
(breath taking)
Famous Tourist Places of the World:
1) What is the height of Mount Everest? 29,029 feet
2) In which mountain range is Mount Everest located? Himalayas
3) Who helps climbers on Mount Everest? Sherpas
4) When did the first successful ascent of Everest occur? 1953
5) What temperature can Mount Everest reach? -76°F
6) What do climbers need for breathing on Everest? Oxygen
7) Between which countries does Mount Everest lie? Tibet and Nepal
8) After whom is Victoria Falls named? Queen Victoria
9) Which explorer first saw Victoria Falls? David Livingstone
10) How much water falls per second at Victoria Falls? 33,000 cubic feet
11) When is Victoria Falls’ water level highest? February to May
12) What surrounds Victoria Falls? Rainforest
13) What large animals can be seen near Victoria Falls? Elephants and zebras
14) What natural wonder displays auroras? Northern Lights
15) What colors are seen in the Northern Lights? Green, purple, red
16) What causes the Northern Lights? Charged particles
17) Where can the Northern Lights be viewed? Canada, Greenland, Iceland
18) Where is the Great Barrier Reef located? Australia
19) How many species of fish are in the Great Barrier Reef? Over 1,500
20) What type of sea life is commonly seen in the Great Barrier Reef? Turtles and sharks

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21) What protects the Great Barrier Reef from fishing? Conservation efforts
22) In which U.S. state is the Grand Canyon? Arizona
23) What river formed the Grand Canyon? Colorado River
24) How long is the Grand Canyon? 227 miles
25) What animals are common in the Grand Canyon? Mice and bats
Choose the word that best describes the sentence.
1) What does "abundant" mean?
a. left behind b. rare c. plentiful
2) What does "vapour" mean?
a. earth mineral b) melted snow c. substance suspended in the air
3) What does "collide" mean?
a. avoid one another b. grow out of something c. strike one another, crash
4) What does "ascent" mean?
a. slide down b. gradually become stronger c. climb, move upwards
5) In the Grand Canyon, the……….. change is huge.
a. level b. height c. elevation
6) The Great Barrier Reef is visible from……….. space.
a. exterior b. external c. outer
7) Electrically ……….. particles create auroras.
a. charged b. filled c. powered
8) British mountaineers were the first to……….. the summit.
a. rise b. ascend c. take off
9) The……….. climate makes climbing Mount Everest very dangerous.
a. cruel b. harsh c. grinding
10) Australians fear climate……….. will damage the reef.
a. change b. distortion c. alteration
11) Water levels rise during the……….. season.
a. overflowing b. swamping c. flood
12) On Mount Everest, the temperature can drop ……….. to -76°F.
a. low b. down c. close
13) It is common to……….. a zebra near Victoria Falls.
a. glance b. identify c. spot
14) The Grand Canyon was……….. by the Colorado River.
a. carved b. designed c. cut up
Answer the questions by choosing the correct option.
1) According to the author, what from the following is the greatest lesson being taught by nature?
a. balance in our emotions b. partial to Joys in life
c. afraid of unhappiness d. indifferent to Fears
2) Which of the following is shown by the changing of seasons?
a. The beauty of nature b. Nature's creativity
c. All seasons are equal d. Nothing lasts forever
3) What does the writer advise, in paragraph IV?
a. Change is inevitable b. Making priority lists
c. Taking life seriously d. Having free time for ourselves
4) Choose the option that lists the quote that best describes the central idea of the passage.
a. Nature: She pardons no mistakes. Her yea is yea, and her nay, nay. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
b. Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better. (A. Einstein)
c. Nature never deceives us; it is we who deceive ourselves. (Jean Jacques Rousseau)
d. All the ugliness of the world can best be forgotten in the beauty of nature! (Mehmet Murat)
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Unit no 3: Travel & Transport
Read the questions and then circle the correct option.
1) How far was the flight from Japan to Hawaii?
a. exactly 6,500 km b. nearly 6,500 km c. about 6,500 km d. just over 6,500 km
2) What is the plane covered in that makes power from the sun's rays?
a. black paint b. batteries c. aluminium foil d. solar panels
3) How long did it take to fly from Japan to Hawaii?
a. 116 hours b. 117 hours c. 118 hours d. 119 hours
4) Where does the pilot come from?
a. Switzerland b. Sweden c. Somalia d. Sudan
5) How many hours was the previous record?
a. 1900 b. 76 c. 118 d. 106
6) Where did Solar Impulse 2 start its journey?
a. Abu Dhabi b. London c. Switzerland d. New York
7) Where will Solar Impulse 2 fly to next?
a. Switzerland b. New Zealand c. Arizona d. China
8) What kind of energy awareness does Solar Impulse 2 want to raise?
a. Renewable b. Nuclear c. Kinetic d. Magnetic
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the text.
1) Wait until the bus leaves before you cross the road.
2) Wear your helmet at all times.
3) Remove your headphone when getting on or off the bus.
4) Put your phone away when getting on or off the bus.
5) Look out for traffic.
Give the synonyms of the following words.
1) put – place 2) remove – take away 3) follow – obey
4) traffic – vehicles 5) cross – go across 6) seatbelt – safety belt
7) instructions – directions
Write the homographs of the following words.
1) report – report (e.g., to give an account/report card) 2) cross – cross (e.g., angry/cross the road)
3) hook – hook (e.g., to catch/fishing hook) 4) beat – beat (e.g., rhythm/to win)
5) tracks – tracks (e.g., train tracks/to follow) 6) stations: stations (e.g., train stations/radio stations)
7) lines – lines (e.g., written lines/queue lines)
Select the correct modals from the box and complete the passage.
Can, need to, must, don’t need, should, will
You must leave for Quetta tomorrow. The meetings will take place in a local hotel. You need to
ensure to keep the required papers with you. You also will give a presentation. You don’t need to
come back right away. You can stay there for another day to see the city.
Unit no 4: Festivals
1) What are the two Eids celebrated by Muslims? Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha
2) What does Eid-ul-Fitr mark the end of? Ramadan
3) What does Eid-ul-Fitr mean in Arabic? Festival of Breaking Fast
4) When do Muslims begin Eid-ul-Fitr celebrations? At dawn
5) What do families enjoy during Eid-ul-Fitr? Special meals
6) Who wears new clothes during Eid? Children
7) What does Eid-ul-Adha commemorate? Hazrat Ibrahim's devotion
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8) What is Eid-ul-Adha also known as? Festival of Sacrifice
9) What is sacrificed during Eid-ul-Adha? An animal
10) What is another name for the Chinese New Year? Spring Festival
11) When does the Chinese New Year begin? Late January or early February
12) How long does the Chinese New Year celebration last? Fifteen days
13) What is the final event of the Chinese New Year? Lantern Festival
14) What is carried through streets during the Lantern Festival? A dragon
15) What holiday is celebrated by Christians in December? Christmas
16) What date is Christmas officially observed? 25th December
17) Who gives presents during Christmas? Santa Claus
18) What treats are left out for Santa Claus? Cookies
19) What is a popular decoration for Christmas? Christmas tree
20) What is Diwali known as? Festival of Lights
21) When does Diwali take place? End of October or beginning of November
22) How many days does Diwali last? Five days
23) What do people wear during Diwali? New clothes
24) What lights up houses and temples during Diwali? Small lamps
The Regional Festivals of Pakistan.
1) What is the primary cultural festival in Pakistan? The Spring Festival
2) What does Jashn-e-Baharan celebrate? Spring
3) Where does the Shandur Polo Festival take place? Shandur Pass
4) Who celebrates the Shandur Polo Festival? Gilgit and Chitral tribes
5) When is Sindhi Cultural Day celebrated? First Sunday of December
6) What traditional attire is worn on Sindhi Cultural Day? Ajrak and Sindhi Topi
7) Which festival promotes Kashmir’s customs? Kashmir Cultural Festival
8) Who organizes the Kashmir Cultural Festival? Lok Virsa
9) When is the Kashmir Cultural Festival held? 5th of February
10) In which province is the Kalat Festival celebrated? Balochistan
11) When is the Kalat Festival held? October
12) What does the Kalat Festival promote? Brotherhood and compassion
13) When does the Swat Summer Festival take place? July or August
14) Where is the Kalam Festival held? Kalam and Mahodand
15) What province hosts the Kalam Festival? Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
16) What marks the beginning of the Swat Summer Festival? Opening ceremony
17) Which tribe celebrates Chilam Joshi? Kalash
18) How long does Chilam Joshi last? Four days
19) In which month is Chilam Joshi celebrated? May
20) What does the Choimus Festival celebrate? Harvest season
21) In which month is the Choimus Festival held? August
22) What traditional activities are part of Kalash festivals? Singing and dancing
23) What type of music is popular at the Kalat Festival? Soulful music
24) What items are commonly found in the Kalam Festival marketplace? Handicrafts and garments
25) What is highlighted through Sindhi Cultural Day? Rich culture of Sindh

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Unit no 5: Environmental Education
Fill in the blanks with the correct present continuous tense such as 'going to,' 'will,' and
'shall'.
1) There will be heavy snow tomorrow. 2) It will be windy all day.
3) I am going to the office after the rain. 4) Shall we stay indoors?
5) The sun will rise today. 6) What shall I expect on Monday?
7) There will be light showers tomorrow. 8) It will be dusty, close your window.
9) I shall book you the ticket. 10) When shall I show up?
11) There will be mixed rain in the evening. 12) I will be going to miss the snow.
13) The temperature will be hot today. 14) Shall I offer you a hot drink to warm you?
Important points related Unit (The Endangered Animals of Pakistan) .
1) Where are Indus River Dolphins found? Lower Indus Basin
2) Which region is home to the Woolly Flying Squirrel? Gilgit
3) What does 'Markhor' mean in Persian? Snake eater
4) Where are Snow Leopards found? Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
5) Which animal is the national animal of Pakistan? Markhor
6) Which turtle is rare in Pakistan? Soft Shelled Turtle
7) Where is the Balochistan Forest Dormouse found? Ziarat
8) What animal looks like a bat but is a squirrel? Woolly Flying Squirrel
9) What is the habitat of the Indus River Dolphin? Rivers
10) Which animal weighs 30-70 kg? Snow Leopard
11) What type of animal is the Snow Leopard? Big cat
12) Which animal is critically endangered due to habitat loss? Woolly Flying Squirrel
13) What is a major threat to the Black Finless Porpoise? Fishing nets
14) Which animal is known for climbing dangerous cliffs? Markhor
15) Which animal is Pakistan's National Heritage Animal? Snow Leopard
16) What kind of animal is the Markhor? Goat family
17) What does the Soft Shelled Turtle's nose resemble? Snorkel
18) Which animal lives near the Indo-Pak coastal borders? Black Finless Porpoise
19) What family does the Balochistan Forest Dormouse belong to? Gliridae
20) Which animal is often seen performing near boats? Indus River Dolphin
Important points related Unit (Extreme Weather).
1) What triggers climate change threats? Global warming
2) What is tornado air motion? Rapid spinning
3) How fast do tornado winds reach? 402 km/h
4) What causes hurricane intensity? Rising seas
5) What causes floods? Precipitation, storms
6) What are human flood causes? Dam failure
7) How many times have intense heat waves tripled? Three times
8) Which weather involves freezing rain? Ice storm
9) What follows soil drying out? Hot summers
10) How fast do tornadoes move? 16-32 km/h
11) What is caused by storm surges? Coastal flood risk
12) What increases due to climate change? Heat waves
13) What type of weather are tornadoes? Extreme weather
14) Which event is caused by snowmelt? Floods
15) What contains clouds and hail? Tornado

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16) What does climate describe? Weather patterns
17) What does a hail storm include? Rain, ice
18) What conditions cause dust storms? Arid
19) How does climate change affect hurricanes? More intense
Decide whether the verbs in bold are transitive or intransitive
1) She was crying. Answer: Transitive
2) We showed her the photo album. Answer: Transitive
3) It was raining. Answer: Intransitive
4) She laughed at the joke. Answer: Transitive
5) She gave cookies to the child. Answer: Transitive
State whether the verb is used transitively or intransitively in the following sentences
1) The wind is blowing fiercely. Answer: Intransitive
2) Somebody opened the door. Answer: Transitive
3) The boy went to the park. Answer: Transitive
4) I like climbing mountains. Answer: Transitive
5) I am going to buy flowers. Answer: Transitive
Unit no 6: Literature and Poetry
Read the poem "The Black Land" and answer by choosing the correct option in the
following questions.
1) In the poem, what is the best synonym for "heaving" as used to describe the land?
a. sinking b. surging c. solid d. swaying
2) What does the term "clings" mean in the line, "The black earth embraces my ankles and
clings to my bent knees"?
a. separates b. sticks to c. resists d. ignites
3) In the context of the poem, what is the most appropriate definition of "scatter" in the line, "I
will sow down this field, scattering gems"?
a. to gather closely b. to sow seeds c. to disperse or distribute loosely
4) Which word best describes the way pearls stream off the speaker's neck and forehead in the
poem?
a. gush b. drip c. roll d. sparkle
5) What does the word "ultimate" imply in the phrase, "Eyes straight forward rest on a
brightening ultimate slope"?
a. final b. temporary c. steep d. dull
6) What is the meaning of the word "keel" in the line, "Cleaving the water with an eager
keel"?
a. a part of a boat's hull that keeps it steady in the water b. a type of gemstone
c. the direction of the wind d. a musical instrument
7) In the poem, when the speaker talks about "scattering emeralds," what is the speaker
actually doing with the emeralds?
a. collecting them b. planting them in the ground
c. throwing them in various directions d. carving them into jewellery
Subject and object pronoun:
Fill in the blanks with an appropriate subject or object pronoun.
1) I met….at the party but……didn’t recognize… Answer: him, he, me
2) I think I have seen………….before. Answer: you
3) You shouldn’t have done this to……… Answer: her

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4) Where could……….have gone at this hour of the night? Answer: they
5) He took………with…… Answer: me, with
6) All of……arrived on time. Answer: us
Possessive Pronoun:
Fill in the blanks with appropriate possessive pronoun.
7) Maria has already eaten her lunch, but I’m saving...until later. Answer: mine
8) My computer is a Mac, but……….is a PC. Answer: your
9) We gave them our telephone number, and they gave us…… Answer: theirs
10) My pencil is broken. Can I borrow………..? Answer: yours
11) Our car is cheap, but……………..is expensive. Answer: your
12) You can’t have any chocolate! It’s all………... Answer: mine
Reflexive Pronoun:
Fill in the blanks with appropriate reflexive pronoun.
13) Rashid made this T-shirt……….. Answer: himself
14) Lubna did the homework…………. Answer: herself
15) We helped………………to some cola at the party. Answer: ourselves
16) Samina, did you take the photo by…………? Answer: yourself
17) I wrote this poem………………… Answer: myself
18) He cut…………..with the knife while he doing the dishes. Answer: himself
Relative Pronouns:
Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns who, which or that.
19) Mr. Asim,………………is a taxi driver, lives on the corner. Answer: who
20) We often visit our aunt in Charsada…is in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Answer: which
21) That’s Adnan, the boy……has just arrived at the airport. Answer: who
22) Thank you very much for your e-mail…was very interesting. Answer: that
Indefinite Pronouns:
Fill in the blanks with indefinite pronouns, some, any, no, every.
23) Would you like………….to eat? Answer: something
24) It was really dark and I couldn’t see……………. Answer: anything
25) Does…………live in that house? Answer: anybody
26) It doesn’t matter where we go. We can go……...we want to. Answer: everywhere
27) This is boring. There’s………..to do. Answer: nothing
MCQs:
1) They should be ready to go…9am until 5pm. a) on b) by c) in
2) I will some time …………...8 and 9 am. a) between b) next to c) in
3) The shops here are open …..9 am until 5 pm. a) from b) for c) at
4) She wants to stay…………..home tonight. a) in b) to c) at
5) Did you watch the football……..TV last night. a) by b) on c) to
6) Do you always come to work …bike? a) of b) by c) in
7) I read the news ………….....the newspaper. a) in b) on c) by
8) I will be in the office ………5pm. a) until b) for c) since
9) Nafeesa is afraid……………spiders. a) from b) in c) of
10) I am worried ……….. the exam. a) in b) about c) on
11) He looks upset, I think he took the criticism….heart. a) to b) about c) in
12) I am envious …….. them. a) of b) about c) in
13) He confided ……… me. a) about b) on c) in
14) They decided………………the grey sofa. a) about b) on c) in
15) She suffers ………………...a heart disease. a) about b) in c) from
16) The teacher set some homework…the end of the lesson. a) about b) in c) at

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17) I have not had a call from him………..last Wednesday. a) in b) since c) on
18) My cousin has invested a lot of money ……farming. a) into b) in c) on
19) It is dangerous to enter……the enemy’s camp. a) through b) on c) into
20) A good judge never gropes …the conclusion. a) for b) to c) at
21) Religious leaders should not delve … politics. a) at b) in c) into
22) Pakistan is committed …a policy of peaceful existence. a) of b) to c) with
23) My relation ………………..Ahmad is good. a) against b) with c) on
24) We must keep…..something for the rainy day. a) by b) for c) in
25) I do not agree………………you on this point. a) with b) in c) to
26) The teacher has no control ………the students. a) on b) over c) with
27) Good sleep is necessary……good health. a) of b) for c) at
28) Exercise is beneficial………health. a) towards b) for c) to
29) Your statement is very much similar..…mine. a) to b) on c) of
30) He is laboring……a misapprehension, but laboring …a cause. a) with, over b) under, for
31) When we flew …………the clouds, we could see the earth’s surface. a) over b) below
32) Can I sit..…you at the movie theatre? a) beside b) around c) inside
33) Your glasses are right ……..you. a) on top of b) in front of
34) There is a helicopter hovering …… our house. a) above b) under c) on
35) Did not you park your car……. Mine? a) on top of b) at c) over d)behind
36) Please stay….the police caution tape. a) behind b) on c) above d) over
37) Please confirm the order...…email. a) on b) by c) at d) over
Chose the correct preposition
1) The fridge is between/under the door and the cupboard. Answer: between
2) The bin is near/in front of the drawers. Answer: in front
3) The microwave is next to/ under the window. Answer: under
4) The door is next to/under the shelf. Answer: next to
5) The clock is in/on the wall. Answer: on
6) The chairs are under/ next to the table. Answer: next
Complete with the right preposition
1) The curtain is…………...the flush bowl and the both. Answer: between
2) The flush bowl is……….the bath. Answer: in
3) The shelf is……………..the wall. Answer: near
4) The mirror is……………the washbasin. Answer: on
5) The cupboard is………...the washbasin. Answer: under
6) The mat is………………the toilet. Answer: in
Fill in the blanks using the prepositions at, in, and an
1) Can you see a spider………the ceiling? Answer: on
2) The roses……your garden are very beautiful. Answer: in
3) Were there many cars……..the road this evening? Answer: on
4) I am meeting my friend……the gate of the park on Sunday? Answer: at

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ENGLISH CLASS 8th

Unit no 1: The Justice of Rasoolullah ( ‫) ﷺ‬

Find the meaning of the following words from the dictionary and identify the parts of
speech of the word through abbreviation used.
1) opposed – To be against or in disagreement; adjective (adj.)
2) oppression – Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment; noun (n.)
3) approval – The belief that something is good or acceptable; noun (n.)
4) decision – A conclusion or resolution reached after consideration; noun (n.)
5) heir – A person legally entitled to the property or rank of another on that person’s death; noun (n.)
6) adopted – Taken up and made one's own; adjective (adj.)
7) distinction – A difference or contrast between similar things; noun (n.)
Use a dictionary to demarcate the following words into syllables.
1) orderly: or/der/ly —--- (3) 2) receive: re/ceive —-- (2) 3) decide: de/cide —- (2)
4) gardener: gar/den/er -- (3) 5) double: dou/ble —--- (2) 6) among: a/mong — (2)
7) below: be/low -------— (2) 8) silently: si/lent/ly -— (3) 9) easier: eas/i/er —- (3)
10) relax: re/lax ---------— (2) 11) disagree: dis/a/gree (3) 12) lovingly: lov/ing/ly -(3)
13) adorable: a/dor/a/ble - (4) 14) direct: di/rect —---- (2) 15) justice: jus/tice —- (2)
16) under – un/der —------ (2) 17) kingdom: king/dom- (2) 18) aside: a/side —----- (2)
19) between – be/tween — (2) 20) interesting – in/ter/est/ing — (4)
Unit no 2: Living Together
Demonstrative and Indefinite Pronouns:
Demonstrative pronouns point out a specific person or thing. For example, this, that, these, and those.
Examples:
 Please listen to the interview.
 Remember this: If you can speak another language, it has great benefits.
Demonstrative pronouns also express contrast between:
 People and things that are near – For example, this, these.
 People and things that are far away – For example, that, those.
1) This is not the way I used to live in my country.
2) Put that away – you don’t need it.
3) The languages I wanted to learn are these: Sindhi, Balochi, Spanish, German, and English.
4) Which of those do you want?

Add the correct demonstrative pronoun to these sentences. Choose them from the box.
this | that | these | those
1) Take this to your grandmother; she's been looking for it.
2) Being able to speak fluently – that is all I want!
3) This is a story we tell in our family, about my grandfather.
4) These are not good translations. Here. Let me help you.

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Word Bank: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
1) Sarah and I went to the park and enjoyed ourselves.
2) Ali and his sister made the costumes themselves for the school play.
3) Fatima couldn't believe she had finished the project all by herself.
4) Ahmed and Inam prepared the surprise party themselves.
5) Duaa reminded herself to study for the upcoming exam.
6) The dog wagged itself when it saw its owner.
7) We promised ourselves not to reveal the secret to anyone.
8) The team congratulated themselves on winning the championship.
9) Afsha hurt herself while playing basketball.
10) They challenged themselves to a friendly game of cricket.
Use of 'every' and 'each'
'Every' is a way of seeing a group as a series of members, and 'each' is a way of seeing the
members of a group as individuals. We use them with a singular countable noun.
We use 'every' to express different points in a series like time expressions. 'Each' works in the
same way.
Examples: 1) Every night I'm sleeping, I dream of faceless horrors.
2) Every day I'm living, I wish it were not so.
'Each' can also be used with plural nouns and pronouns but must be followed by "of." Every
cannot be used with plural nouns.
Examples:1) Each of the singers received cash. 2) Omer gave each of them a towel.
Write 'every' or 'each' to complete the sentences.
1) Each of the pupils lost their books. 2) Wait for the taxi every 30 minutes.
3) I have 5 bottles, please take one of each. 4) Each student has written an e-mail.
5) You should enjoy every minute of your travel to Manila.
6) Every time I speak, another person hates me.
7) These bags cost Rs.3000 each. 8) They’re open every day except Friday.
9) Each of them have their e-mail address. 10) Every evening Khurram goes to the Gym.
Underline the adjectives used in the given lines.
1) If you are kind, people may accuse you of selfish ulterior motives. Be kind anyway.
2) If you are successful, you will win some false friends and some true enemies. Succeed anyway.
3) If you are honest and frank, people may cheat you. Be honest and frank anyway.
4) What you spend years building, someone could destroy overnight. Build anyway.
Fill in the blanks with comparative adjectives.
1) Karachi is…………than Peshawar. (crowded) Answer: more crowded.
2) Talha is…………...than Amir. (tall) Answer: Taller
3) Javed is…………...than Ali. (old) Answer: older
4) Cricket is………….than football. (enjoyable) Answer: more enjoyable
5) Maria is…………...than Asad. (hardworking) Answer: more hardworking
6) My box was………than hers. (heavy) Answer: heavier
Fill in the blanks with superlative adjectives.
1) My mother is……..woman in the world. (lovely) Answer: loveliest
2) Maria is the……….student in the class. (successful) Answer: most successful
3) Dawood is the……boy in the class. (tall) Answer: tallest
4) This shop is the….shop in the city center. (expensive) Answer: most expensive
5) Our house is the….house in our neighborhood. (big) Answer: biggest
6) This is the………...cake I have ever eaten. (delicious) Answer: most delicious
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Unit no 3: Environment
Write the synonyms of the following underlined words and rewrite the senten ces.
1) I hate pollution. Synonym: despise
2) It makes me really angry. Synonym: furious
3) I think pollution is greed. Synonym: selfishness
4) People don't care about the environment so they pollute the air just to make lots of money.
Synonym: contaminate
5) Big companies are the worst. Synonym: large
6) They pretend they're not polluting. Synonym: fake
7) Pollution affects us all. Synonym: impacts
8) Everybody needs to think about how we can reduce the amount of pollution we create.
Synonym: decrease
9) Turning off lights we don’t need is another. Synonym: require
Use of 'going to'
 For plans and intentions. For example, We're going to see a movie tomorrow.
I am going to Islamabad next week.
 For predictions based on what you know or what you can see
For example, What's the weather going to be like? It’s going to close soon. Hurry up!
Use of 'will / shall'
 For giving information about the future For example, It will be cold, wear something thicker.
 For predicting what we think or guess will happen. For example, We’ll surely enjoy your
company!
 For asking or suggesting what to do (use shall). For example, What shall I do with this house?
Fill in the blanks with the correct present continuous tense such as 'going to', 'will' & 'shall'.
1) Big companies are going to pretend they are not polluting.
2) We will turn off the lights in the morning.
3) I shall not use excessive water while taking a shower.
4) They are going to say that they are a 'green company'.
5) Everybody will try to reduce the amount of pollution.
6) We shall not use the car when we can easily walk.
7) We will not pollute our environment.
Filled Blanks:
1) Only 13 percent of the world's forests are protected against destruction.
2) Every minute, 36 trees are felled.
3) Every year, around 10,000 species (including plants, animals, and insects) are lost due to
deforestation.
4) Forests act as carbon sink by absorbing atmospheric CO₂ during photosynthesis.
5) Forests cover 31 percent of the earth's surface or around 4 billion hectares.
6) Between 2010 and 2015, 12million hectares of forest were lost each year, representing a 16
percent decrease from 1990 to 2010.

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Unit no 4: A Tourist’s Guide
Read the given statements and encircle the correct option.
1) A passport is:
a) a bank document b) a tour guide book c) a booklet issued by government
2) Tourism is:
a) going for a walk b) travelling to places where you do not live
c) going to watch a match in your city
3) Religious tourism is about:
a) visiting a historical place b) visiting another country for sightseeing
c) visiting a holy place
4) Some tourists do not travel by airplane because
a) the air travel is very expensive b) they are afraid
c) airplanes use a great deal of fuel which is harmful for the environment
5) A travel agency is:
a) a company that arranges food b) a company that organizes an event
c) a company that arranges for your travel

Phrasal Verb:
It is also called two or three-word verbs. It is a verb that is made of a main verb + particle.
1) Particle means the following two things. 1. Adverb 2. Preposition
2) Verb + preposition Ex: she fights with Ali. Ex: I agree with you.
3) Verb + adverbEx: you should all sit down. Ex: Ali climbs up.
4) Verb + adverb + preposition
5) Ex: She ran away with her boyfriend. Ex: I can’t put up with these people.

Simple Sentence:
A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb. It expresses a complete thought.
Examples:
 The train (subject) was (verb) late.
 Maria (subject) took (verb) the bus.
Compound sentence:
A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete
sentences) connected with a coordinate conjunction are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
Example:
 I waited for the bus but it was late.
 I waited for the bus (Independent clause) but (conjunction) it was late (Independent clause).
Identify each sentence as either simple or compound.
1) My dog eats the fruit of any kind but she will not eat meat or cheese.
Answer: Compound
2) The new rug in the living room is beautiful but it does not match the furniture.
Answer: Compound
3) Kulsoom applied for a job in accounting at the new medical facility in town.
Answer: Simple
4) I went to the store without a list so I bought all the junk food. Answer: Compound
5) The flowers in the garden behind our house are in full bloom at this time.
Answer: Simple

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Unit no 5: Fiction and Poetry
Rewrite the following sentences into passive voice.
1) The farmer asked the neighbor and walked away.
Passive: The neighbor was asked by the farmer and walked away.
2) He explained the situation to the emperor.
Passive: The situation was explained to the emperor by him.
3) Birbal proceeded to question the neighbor.
Passive: The neighbor was questioned by Birbal.
4) The neighbor sold the well to the farmer.
Passive: The well was sold to the farmer by the neighbor.
5) The farmer took water from the well.
Passive: Water was taken from the well by the farmer.

Decide whether the following sentences are written in the active or passive voice . Then write
the doer of the action on the line to the left. If the doer is unknown, write a question mark (?).
1) The farmer feeds his dog. Active Doer: The farmer
2) The window was broken. Passive Doer: ?
3) The letter was written by the Emperor. Passive Doer: The Emperor
4) The farmer was cheated by the neighbor. Passive Doer: The neighbor
5) The problem was solved. Passive Doer: ?
6) The man risked his life. Active Doer: The man
7) The well was taken by the farmer. Passive Doer: The farmer

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word from the poem.
1) The rise of the Sun was breathtaking as it slowly rose.
2) The birds, known as Bobolinks, started singing as the Sun appeared.
3) The children climbed the purple stile to reach the other side.
4) The poet was in a daze when she witnessed the Sun setting.

Comprehension Checkpoint:
1) What is the poet describing in this poem?
a) The rising and setting of the sun b) Children playing in the park
c) Birds flying in the sky d) The beauty of a garden
2) According to the poem, how does the Sun rise?
a) In one quick motion b) Gradually, like a ribbon unfolding
c) Suddenly, like a burst of light d) With the sound of squirrels running
3) What do the Hills do when the Sun rises?
a) They untie their bonnets b) They swim in amethyst
c) They begin singing d) They run like squirrels
4) What does the poet say to herself when she sees the Sunrise?
a) "That must have been the Moon!" b) "That must have been a dream!"
c) "That must have been the Sun!" d) "That must have been a rainbow!"

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Unit no 6: We Are All One

P R E F I X E S:
A prefix is a group of letters placed before the root of a word. For example, the word “unhappy”
consists of the prefix “un-” [which means “not”] combined with the root (or stem) word “happy”;
the word “unhappy” means “not happy.” A short list of prefixes:
Prefix Meaning Examples
de- from, down, away, reverse, opposite decode, decrease
dis- not, opposite, reverse, away disagree, disappear
ex- out of, away from, lacking, former exhale, explosion
il- Not illegal, illogical
im- not, without impossible, improper
in- not, without inaction, invisible
mis- bad, wrong mislead, misplace
non- Not nonfiction, nonsense
pre- Before prefix, prehistory
pro- for, forward, before proactive, profess, program
re- again, back react, reappear
un- against, not, opposite undo, unequal, unusual
S U F F I X E S:
A suffix is a group of letters placed after the root of a word. For example, the word flavorless
consists of the root word “flavor” combined with the suffix “-less” [which means “without”]; the
word “flavorless” means “having no flavor.” A short list of suffixes:
Suffix Meaning Examples
-able able to, having the quality of comfortable, portable
-al relating to annual comical
-er Comparative bigger, stronger
-est Superlative strongest, tiniest
-ful full of beautiful, grateful
-ible forming an adjective reversible, terrible
-ily forming an adverb eerily, happily, lazily
-ing denoting an action, a material, or a gerund acting, showing
-less without, not affected by friendless, tireless
-ly forming an adjective clearly, hourly
-ness denoting a state or condition kindness, wilderness
-y full of, denoting a condition, or a diminutive glory, messy, victory
Phrasal Prepositions:
A phrasal preposition is not a prepositional phrase, but they are a combination of two or more
words which functions as a preposition.
Along with, apart from, because of, by means of, according to, in front of, contrary to, in spite of,
on account of, in reference to, in addition to, in regard to, instead of, on top of, out of, with regard
to, etc. are the most common phrasal prepositions. Examples:
1) They along with their children went to Atlanta.
2) According to the new rules, you are not right.
3) In spite of being a good player, he was not selected.
4) I’m going out of the city.
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Unit no 7: Robotics
1) What is the purpose of robot technology? To assist humans.
2) What does robot technology imitate? Human traits.
3) Who developed Sophia? Hanson Robotics.
4) When was Sophia first activated? February 14, 2016.
5) What role does Sophia serve? Robotic ambassador.
6) Which company introduced T-HR3? Toyota.
7) When was the T-HR3 robot introduced? 2017.
8) What does T-HR3 mimic? Human movements.
9) What update allows T-HR3 to perform surgeries? Remote control.
10) Who announced the integration of Digit in 2020? Ford.
11) What can Digit pick up? Boxes.
12) What obstacle can Digit navigate? Stairs.
13) How does Digit balance? On one foot.
14) What feature does Digit have for storage? Folds up.
15) Who developed PARO? AIST.
16) What type of therapy is PARO based on? Animal therapy.
17) Where is PARO commonly used? Hospitals.
18) What effect does PARO have on patients? Reduces stress.
19) What certification did PARO receive? Guinness World Records.
20) What feature has become common due to technology progress? Automation.
Define the underlined words.
1) These missions will incorporate cutting-edge biotechnology designed to detect individual
molecules.
a. fossils b. new era c. latest or most advanced stage d. old technology
2) A Martian meteorite fueled speculation and debate in 1996.
a. forming of a theory b. investment in stock c. problematic
3) Scientists found that the rock, called ALH84001, had a peculiar chemical makeup.
a. common b. funny c. unique d. distinctive
4) In recent months, they've made a series of astonishing discoveries.
a. extremely surprising or impressive b. big event c. insignificant
5) The evidence wasn't absolute proof of past Martian life but rather pointers in that direction.
a. flexible b. partial c. established d. indefinite
Complete the following sentences using an appropriate conjunction.
1) The evidence wasn't absolute proof of past Martian life… rather "pointers in that direction."
a) but b) and c) or
2) A Martian meteorite fueled speculation………..debate in 1996.
a) but b) and c) or
3) There is plenty of water on Mars, ………..most of it is frozen in the polar ice caps and
buried underground.
a) but b) but c) or
4) Some 75 percent of the scientists said they thought life once existed there, ………..of them,
25 percent think that Mars harbors life today.
a) but b) and c) or
5) Several different chemicals and molecular structures were exciting………..they looked
similar to byproducts of life on Earth.
a) but b) until c) because

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6) Some are even present in deep space on comets, ………..scientists do not think that they
came from Martian life anymore.
a) but b) and c) or
7) Although no signs of life on Mars have been found, scientists will continue to search
………..they are aware of the potential for life in extreme environments.
a) but b) until c) because
Unit no 8: Diet and Fitness
Fill in the blanks with an appropriate subject or object pronoun.
1) I met….at the party but……didn’t recognize… Answer: him, he, me
2) I think I have seen………….before. Answer: you
3) You shouldn’t have done this to……… Answer: her
4) Where could……….have gone at this hour of the night? Answer: they
5) He took………with…… Answer: me, with
6) All of……arrived on time. Answer: us
Possessive Pronoun:
1) Maria has already eaten her lunch, but I’m saving...until later. Answer: mine
2) My computer is a Mac, but……….is a PC. Answer: your
3) We gave them our telephone number, and they gave us…… Answer: theirs
4) My pencil is broken. Can I borrow………..? Answer: yours
5) Our car is cheap, but……………..is expensive. Answer: your
6) You can’t have any chocolate! It’s all………... Answer: mine
Reflexive Pronoun:
Fill in the blanks with appropriate reflexive pronoun.
1) Rashid made this T-shirt……….. Answer: himself
2) Lubna did the homework…………. Answer: herself
3) We helped………………to some cola at the party. Answer: ourselves
4) Samina, did you take the photo by…………? Answer: yourself
5) I wrote this poem………………… Answer: myself
6) He cut…………..with the knife while he doing the dishes. Answer: himself
Relative Pronouns:
Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns who, which or that.
1) Mr. Asim,………………is a taxi driver, lives on the corner. Answer: who
2) We often visit our aunt in Charsada…is in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Answer: which
3) That’s Adnan, the boy……has just arrived at the airport. Answer: who
4) Thank you very much for your e-mail…was very interesting. Answer: that
Indefinite Pronouns:
Fill in the blanks with indefinite pronouns, some, any, no, every.
1) Would you like………….to eat? Answer: something
2) It was really dark and I couldn’t see……………. Answer: anything
3) Does…………live in that house? Answer: anybody
4) It doesn’t matter where we go. We can go……...we want to. Answer: everywhere
5) This is boring. There’s………..to do. Answer: nothing
Identify the linking verb(s) in each sentence
1) I have………. beautiful birds. Answer: seen
2) Aslam……my brother. Answer: is
3) I…….. busy. Answer: am

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4) They……...going to market. Answer: were
5) He……..become a doctor. Answer: has
6) You…….. my best friend. Answer: are
7) He……… going. Answer: was
Fill in the blanks with models verbs i.e. can, can’t, may, may not must, could, couldn’t,
should, shouldn’t.
1) She will return to night. She……..return. Answer: may
2) Don’t stand up! You………. stand up! Answer: must
3) I’m sure they will finish it in a minute. They…finish it in a minute. Answer: can
4) Please, do it for me……………you do it for me? Answer: Can
5) I’d like to see your children…………..I see your children? Answer: Must
6) I didn’t feel very well yesterday. I………..eat anything. Answer: couldn’t
7) You………look at me when I am talking to you. Answer: shouldn’t
8) I was using my pencil a minute ago. It…be here somewhere! Answer: must
9) You………..forget your sun cream. It’s going to be very hot! Answer: shouldn’t
10) …………….i go to the bathroom, please? Answer: May
11) His excuse………….be true, but I don’t believe. Answer: may
Complete each sentence below with the appropriate past participle form of the regular /
irregular verbs in brackets.
1) Last weekend my friend and I ……….(go)to a very nice party. Answer: gone
2) Afzal, my friend, …(buy) a very big present and…….(keep) it in our car:
Answer: bought, kept
3) Then we……(drive) for two hours and…(reach) a very big house. Answer: derived, reached
4) It was a very elegant five-story house but all the lights were off.
We………(get) very confused and a little……………(scare). Answer: got, scared
5) I……(ask) Afzal to go back home, but he………(insist) on staying Answer: asked, insisted
6) When we……(knock) on the door, I……..(realize) it was open. Answer: knocked, realized
7) I………..(hear) a little noise and when we...………(walk) in the house most of my friends
and family…………(shout): Answer: heard, walked, shouted
8) “HAPPY BIRTHDAY SAAD!” it was a surprise party for me! We………………(eat)
delicious food and…………..(enjoy) all night long. Answer: ate, enjoyed
Sentence, Phrase, and Clause:
Phrase:
A phrase is a collection of words without a subject/verb or complete thought. Since a phrase
neither has a subject nor a verb, it cannot form a ‘predicate’. The phrase can be very short – or
quite long.
Examples:
 “After dinner”
 “Waiting for the rain to stop”
The phrase cannot be used alone; it has to be part of a sentence where it is used as part of speech.
Clause:
Clauses are groups of words that have both subjects and predicates.
Example:
 She (subject) ate (predicate) the donut.
 It is cold in the classroom (First clause) but it is hot in the hall(second clause).
Unlike phrases, a clause can sometimes act as a sentence – this type of clause is called an
independent clause, the independent clause could be used by itself as a complete sentence.
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Examples of independent clauses are:
 The dog barked at him
 When the man broke into the house, the dog barked at him.
Some clause can’t be used on their own – these are called subordinate clauses, and need to be
used with an independent clause to complete their meaning.
Example of a subordinate clause is:
 When the man broke into the house (this clause need to be paired with another clause)
Sentence: (You can see about sentence in grammar portion)

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple present or present continuous)
1) Look! Sara (go)………to meet her aunt. Answer: is going
2) On her right hand, Sara (carry)………….her handbag. Answer: carries
3) The handbag (be)……….very beautiful. Answer: is

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past perfect)
1) Look! Sara (go)……….to meet her aunt. Answer: went
2) On her right hand, Sara (carry)…………her handbag. Answer: had carried
3) The handbag (fall)……………on the road. Answer: had fallen
4) She (return)……...from her uncle’s house yesterday. Answer: returned
5) She (intend)……...to visit all her relatives. Answer: intended

Add the correct ending punctuation. Then write whether the sentence is declarative,
imperative, interrogative, or exclamatory.
1) Shake the salad dressing for me□ Answer: (.), Imperative
2) Who threw the baseball through the window□ Answer: (?), Interrogative
3) Get down from there□ Answer: (.), Imperative
4) Hurrah□ Answer: (!), Exclamatory
5) The kitten began to nestle against his mother□ Answer: (.), Declarative

For the concept of Article you can see the article portion of grammar:
Choose the correct article a, and the or no article.
1) Are you coming to ……….party next Saturday? Answer: the
2) I bought……….new pair of jeans yesterday. Answer: a
3) I think…man over there is very ill. He can’t stand on his feet. Answer: the
4) I read………….book you had sent me. Answer: the
5) She was wearing……….nice dress when she met him. Answer: a
6) I am crazy about reading………..history books. Answer: the
7) She is………nice girl and ………intelligent student. Answer: an
8) Do you want to go to………restaurant where we first met? Answer: the
Complete the following sentences using the appropriated form of the adjective in
brackets. Also insert the and then to show comparison.
1) She is……… ………….her sister. (pretty) Answer: prettier, than
2) Suraya is….. ………….girl in the class. (intelligent) Answer: most, intelligent
3) Russia is….. ………….counting in the world. (large) Answer: the, largest
4) This is……... …..book I have ever read. (interesting) Answer: the, most,
5) It was……… ………….trip. (memorable) Answer: the, most
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Pick out absolute adjectives in the following sentences
1) She wore a perfect diamond ring on her finger. Answer: perfect
2) He has a unique name. Answer: unique
3) He’s completely fascinated by history. Answer: completely
4) This exercise is absolutely impossible. Answer: absolutely
5) That film is really terrifying. Don’t go and see it on your own. Answer: really
Complete the following sentences with the correct preposition, to, toward, on, onto, in,
or into.
1) Annie has returned………her home town. Answer: to
2) The dog jumped………….the lake. Answer: into
3) Are the boys still swimming……….the pool? Answer: in
4) Tariq fell……..the floor. Answer: on/onto
5) The plane landed………..the runway. Answer: on
6) We drove…the river for an hour but turned north before we reached it. Answer: toward
7) The kids climbed……….the monkey bars. Answer: on/onto
8) The baby spilled his cereal…………the floor. Answer: on
Complete the following sentences with since and for
1) Laiba has lived here……...ten years. Answer: for
2) I haven’t seen you………..last March. Answer: since
3) We sat and talked…………30 minutes. Answer: for
4) Saman has been learning English……..March 1999. Answer: since
5) We haven’t had an earthquake………..23 years. Answer: for
6) I haven’t heard from you…………….Saturday. Answer: since
7) Maria hasn’t eaten……..7:00 this morning. Answer: since
8) He played basketball……..over 20 years. Answer: for
Change the following into indirect speech.
1) The girl said, “It gives me great pleasure to be here this evening.”
Answer: The girl said that it gave her great pleasure to be there that evening.
2) The man said, “I must go as soon as possible.”
Answer: The man said that he must go as soon as possible.
3) She said, “I don’t want to see any of you; go away.”
Answer: She said that she did not want to see any of them and asked them to go away.
4) The teacher say, “if you work hard, you will pass.”
Answer: The teacher says that if you work hard, you will pass.
5) He asked, Have you won?”
Answer: he said if he had won.
6) He said, “Let’s wait for her return”.
Answer: he proposed that they should wait for her return.
7) Alice said, “How clever I am !”
Answer: Alice exclaimed how clever she was.
The following sentences underline the adverbs and state whether they are adverbs of
manner, place, time, degree, reason or frequency.
1) The girl sang sweetly. Answer: Adverb of Manner
2) What is he doing outside? Answer: Adverb of Place
3) We visit them frequently. Answer: Adverb of Frequency
4) I look forward to hearing from you soon. Answer: Adverb of Time
5) The old woman was walking slowly. Answer: Adverb of degree
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6) The kittens are playing there. Answer: Adverb of place
7) He did not work hard, therefore, he failed. Answer: Adverb of Manner
8) The girls danced gracefully. Answer: Adverb of Manner
9) You are absolutely right. Answer: Adverb of Degree
10) We have been living here for several years. Answer: Adverb of Time

Fill in the blank with the correct comparative / superlative form of the adverb in brackets
1) He arrived……………than expected. (early) Answer: earlier
2) I speak English………now than last year. (fluent) Answer: more fluent
3) We walked…………..than the rest of the people. (slowly) Answer: more slowly
4) They called us……….in the afternoon. (late) Answer: lately
5) My mother and my sister talked………than the other guests. (loudly) Answer: more loudly
6) He hit his arm………than before. (hard) Answer: harder
7) He had an accident last year. Now, he drives….than before. (careful) Answer: carefully
8) Jabbar can run………..than Asim. (fast) Answer: faster
9) Our team played……...of all. (bad) Answer: worst
10) He worked…….than ever before. (hard) Answer: harder
Decide whether the sentences are written in Active or Passive
1) They often listen to music. Answer: active
2) She is reading the newspaper now. Answer: active
3) These cars are produced in Japan. Answer: passive
4) Alan teaches Geography. Answer: active
5) The bus driver was hurt yesterday. Answer: passive
Change the active sentences to passive
1) The Government is planning a new road near my house.
Answer: A new road is being planned by the Government near my house.
2) My grandfather built this house in 1943.
Answer: This house was built by my Grandfather in 1943.
3) The cleaner has cleaned the office.
Answer: the office has been cleaned by the cleaner.
4) He had written three books before 1867.
Answer: three books had been written by him before 1867.
5) Jameela will tell you later about the plan.
Answer: you will be tolled by Jameela about the plan.

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