CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA SORU TÜRLERİ

ZITLIK
1- Despite the political upheavals in the Arab world, ---------------- --.

A) the Middle East is gaining ground to become one of the world’s popular tourist
destinations.
B) business boom, in places like Dubai and Abu Dhabi, has had little impact on the
economies.
C) the airlines are rapidly expanding their routes in Europe and Asia.
D) emphasis on new policies is required to overcome recession in these countries.
E) stability, strong economic growth and value for money are the key factors of economic
mobility.

2- Though China began as a small empire centered on the Great Bend of the Yellow River, ---

A) almost all of what we know about its culture comes from the wealthy classes
B) the emperor of China, believed to have descended from the gods, was at the top of
society
C) it was with the Shang dynasty that people began to keep written records of Chinese
history.
D) King of local areas gained more power and sometimes fought among themselves.
E) it expanded considerably over time to become a quite a vast kingdom.

3- While scientists are pretty certain that black holes exist, ---------------- --.

A) they have never observed one directly, let alone gotten in near proximity of one
B) they are defined as areas in space from which nothing can escape
C) it has been long known that the gravity there is intensely strong
D) they can be produced in supernova explosions, marking the death of a star
E) they use quantum rules to show that black holes must evaporate

4- Even though parchment was more difficult to produce and more expensive than papyrus,-

A) the king of Egypt stopped exporting papyrus to Pergamum, fearing that Pergamum's
great library might overshadow that of Alexandria
B) the finest parchments, especially those made from the skins of very young animals, were
called 'vellum'
C) parchment was made from the skins of sheep and goats while papyrus was made from
the stems of the papyrus plant
D) it was Europe’s favorite writing material until 14th century advances in paper making.
E) among the most famous medival manuscripts written on parchment is the stunning Tres
riches heures of the Duc the berry
5- Although the science of geology as we know it today is a relatively young field, ----.

A) it basically refers to the scientific study of rocks and soil

B) it is a vast field, stretching from palaeontology to mineralogy
C) insightful observations of the Earth's processes dates back to the ancient Greeks
D) many geologists think there are some truths that work most of the time
E) many of the processes attached to geology cannot be used for measurement in all
situations.

6- While several other minerals are needed for muscle function, -------- --.

A) knowledge of your body and its functions can be a great ally in health matters
B) most of the calories in the food we eat are used by our muscles
C) the contours of the body alter as the muscles strengthen
D) exercise is a vital ingredient for keeping the human body in good health
E) continuous intake of calcium helps to maintain a healthy skeleton

7- Some species become extinct every year due to hunting,------------------

A) as animals like foxes and racoons have adapted to increased urbanization and now live
in parks
B) yet, in some parts of the world, animals such as zebras and rhinos are protected in
wildlife reserves
C) so pollution of oceans kills animals and plants and poisons their habitats
D) though cultivating more and more land has led to the loss of habitats like rainforests
E) and ecology explains how individual species fit into the natural World

8- Although the Internet can present threats --------------------- --.

A) psychological research suggests that most people use the Internet in ways to enhance
their social relationships and personal well-being
B) growing numbers of people are reluctant to rely on e-mail both for business and keeping
in touch with friends and relatives
C) critics worry that the Internet typically offers more than superficial contact with
strangers
D) the fact that young people often know more about computers than their parents do can
add to concerns
E) computer use can account for the low academic achievement of students

9- In spite of the current Japanese dominance of the region ----.

A) the importance of regional economic blocs is likely to continue to increase in Tokyo

B) the China-based economy of Asia is rapidly emerging as a new centre for industry and
commerce
C) Japan is one of the world’s most unstable geological zones, and Japan experiences
more than 1,000 earthquakes per year
D) culture and religion can also form different types of national sub-groups
E) Japan has had an enviable record for growth and prosperity
10- Although the pearl collection industry collapsed as a result of the economic change in the
early 1930s, .

A) the natural resources lost their attraction centre

B) many of its characteristic features and practices survive
C) pearl is still found in many oyster beds in open seas
D) other developments worsened this change
E) the unknown pearl areas may just be discovered by underwater historians

11- Although the role of diet and nutrition in human evolution has generally come under the
scope of anthropology, ----.

A) the subject has also been of great interest to scholars in many other disciplines
B) 'nutriture' is the state resulting from the balance between supply of nutrition and the
expenditure of the organism
C) it is the nutrients that are necessary for all of our bodily functions
D) it is a fact that modern human require 40 to 50 nutrietns for proper health.
E) diet and nutrition are central to an understanding of evolutionary journey of humankind

12----------- , he is well known to future generations mostly because of his treasure-filled tomb,
which was discovered intact in 1922.
A) After King Tutankhamun's body was mummified and placed in a series of coffins
B) Although the grave goods accompanying King Tutankhamun to the afterlife tell much
about daily life then
C) While King Tutankhamun had little opportunity to achieve greatness in his short life of
18 years
D) Because King Tutankhamun died from a fracture in his left leg that became infected
with gangrene
E) When King Tutankhamun was still a child and under the influence of advisers

13- Although the story of humankind and the peopling of the planet still holds many
mysteries ----.

A) receding oceans are likely to expose ancient land bridges between continents
B) the most widely accepted theory states that modern humans came out of Africa
C) efforts to trace the diversification of animal forms by analyzing the change in DNA are
premature
D) one of the earliest pieces of art found in Europe can be dated to 24,000 BC
E) no one knows where exactly the first agricultural villages appeared

14- Parts of Antarctica are claimed by seven nations: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New
Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom, ----.

A) given that Antarctica is generally described as having two parts, West Antarctica and
East Antarctica
B) but Antarctica is located in the far south, and is extremely cold, even during the summer
C) therefore, it ranks fifth in size among the world’s continents, being larger than Australia
or Europe
D) for example, about 98 percent of the land area is permanently covered with ice
E) however, their territories are not recognized by the international community
15- While some hunter-gatherer communities exist even today ----.

A) hunter-gatherer communities lived by searching out food and other things they needed
rather than growing or manufacturing them
B) the era of hunter-gatherers ended about ten thousand years ago with the appearance of
the first agricultural societies
C) all hunter-gatherers lived during what is called the 'Palaeolithic Era', which means the
era of 'Old Stone Age'
D) many gathered the resources they needed for food, for shelter and clothing, and for ritual
activities and other purposes
E) scholars usually study the physical remains from hunter-gatherer communities in the
absence of written evidence

16- Even though William Hamilton was not the first person to come up with the idea for a jet
boat, ----.

A) Greek scholar Archimedes had the concept of a jet boat when he devised his water screw
B) the maneuverability of the jet boat has long made its design highly marketable
C) he has been credited with revolutionising the conventional world of boating
D) Italian inventor Secondo Campani had devised a remarkably similar jet-powered boat
E) he lived in New Zealand, where his boat was able to power quickly through shallow
waters.

17------ , the illness can present itself at any stage of life.

A) As cultural pressures foster both unhealthy dieting and anorexia

B) Even though anorexia is often claimed to overlap with clinical depression
C) While there is certainly a prevalence of anorexia in teenagers
D) If a lack of serotonin has a causal effect on the existence of anorexia
E) Despite the common belief that anorexia is the result of an abnormality in the brain

18- Although we may think that we come to our opinions independently, -----

A) research shows that people are profoundly influenced by group norms at all levels of
thought and behavior
B) we might go against group norms and make a unique decision despite feelings of anxiety
and fear
C) studies of the brain indicate increased activation of the amygdala region when making
an independent decision
D) people are less swayed by group opinions when they are more knowledgeable or
confident
E) most of us consider decisions about clothing or music to be personal and do not worry
about group opinions
19- Although notions of unconscious mental processes have a history dating back to the ancient
world, ‐‐‐‐.

A) they were often used to characterize the condition of having no awareness

B) there is widespread agreement that a great deal of our mental life is unconscious
C) it is necessary to consider the historical background to understand what triggered its scientific
investigation
D) the unconscious was not seriously taken up by science until the 19th century
E) psychologists use the term unconscious to refer to a characteristic of certain mental states

20- Despite its economic difficulties such as trade imbalance and high unemployment, ‐‐‐‐.

A) Jamaica is the largest English‐speaking island in the Caribbean Sea

B) Jamaica is largely perceived by the outside World as economically successful
C) the economy of Jamaica has suffered extensively from persistent job losses
D) the majority of the Jamaican population is primarily of African descent
E) Jamaica's government follows the British parliamentary model

21- Even though temperament is thought to be rooted in the biological make-up of a person, ----

A) different children in the same biological family may have very different temperaments
B) some ethnic groups place a high value on selfcontrol and relating well to others
C) a quiet and serious child can fit in well with a family of scholars or intellectuals
D) temperamental classifications have become highly influential in medicine and biology
E) child's growth and development is an extensively researched topic

22- While deep brain stimulation helps people with severe epilepsy or Parkinson's disease, ----.

A) a person's efforts to commit something to memory would later prove successful

B) electrical stimulation at the right time gives significant enhancement of later recall
C) electrodes can record the brain's intricate electrical signals
D) it is an extreme treatment that carries the risk of infection
E) such a device may be useful for people who have memory loss

23- Although global warming does not directly cause cholera, ----.

A) climate change will affect some health issues in positive ways

B) doctors prescribe tetracycline to shorten the course of illness when symptoms are severe
C) cholera is a disease that spreads by drinking water contaminated with cholera bacteria
D) its effects may create an environment in which the disease can flourish
E) cholera was one of the deadliest diseases in history

24- ----, there has also been an increase in treatments that can limit their damage.
A) While the prevalence of conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes has risen over
the years
B) Unless the number of people affected by dementia may be rising and their lifespans are
longer than in the past
C) If there is a rise in educational attainment and better control of cardiovascular issues to
prevent future drawbacks
D) As long as people are well aware of the ways to avoid and cope better with vascular dementia
or Alzheimer's
E) By the time the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease manifest themselves suddenly in a very
short time
25- Even though birds have different structures for tear production compared to humankind, ----

A) tear production takes more time in humans and is a more complicated process
B) tears of some species, including owls, contain higher levels of protein
C) some components of their tears are present at similar concentrations found in humans
D) maintaining eye health that is necessary for hunting is of great importance for birds
E) researchers have enormous difficulty in collecting tears from certain bird species

26- ‐‐‐‐, it nevertheless does contribute to carbon emissions and climate change.

A) Because the transportability of natural gas makes it suitable for various uses
B) While natural gas is cleaner compared to other fossil fuels
C) As long as natural gas fulfills a vital role in the global supply of energy
D) As natural gas has recently lost its role as a lighting source
E) Since natural gas is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases

27- Very few researchers have an interest in studying whistled languages ‐‐‐‐.

A) whereas their intelligibility does not always match that of spoken languages
B) although the populations that use them are located in isolated areas
C) so that they are most ideally used in areas with high noise concentrations
D) if users could detect an entire sentence from long distances
E) even though such speech has been around since ancient times

28- Despite their threatening and low-pitched buzzing sound, ----.

A) we have to examine the constant characteristics to identify species of bumblebees

B) bumblebees appear to thrive best in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere
C) some bumblebees nest underground, where they take over cavities like mouse tunnels
D) one had better not go in the vicinity of their nests or massively threaten a single bumblebee
E) bumblebees are very peaceful creatures who very seldom use their considerable stinger

29- Despite minerals’ variety and complexity, ----.

A) humans have made use of minerals in various ways for a long time
B) they must be of nonbiological or inorganic, origin, which excludes coal and peat
C) there are several physical characteristics they all share
D) their hardness is defined as their ability to scratch another mineral
E) everything that humankind consumes, uses, or produces has its origin in minerals

30- While the automobile provides unprecedented personal mobility, ----.

A) the number of vehicles on roads is increasing Daily around the world

B) this convenience has its costs, including traffic crashes, and the deaths and injuries caused by
these crashes
C) cars are operated by people whose behaviours are influenced by a multitude of psychological
factors
D) traffic safety professionals have been working to reduce the frequency of motor vehicle
crashes for decades
E) an important component of the traffic safety problem is understanding, predicting, and
modifying the behaviours of drivers
 CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA SORU TÜRLERİ
SEBEP – SONUÇ
1- Thanks to vaccinations, antibiotics, sanitation and better parental care, ----.

A) age is the biggest risk factor for common deadly illnesses

B) today, we are much more likely to die in old age than in our youth
C) a high childhood death rate is still a fact in most of the African states
D) an infant born today is not luckier than their grandparents
E) it would not be reasonable to have high expectations tol ive longer and healthier

2- Since they have a tendency to have chronic illnesses, ----.

A) health care professionals build interdisciplinary teams to develop innovative strategies

B) some people can benefit from increases in healthy life expectancy
C) wealthy people have a longer life span compared to poor people
D) the majority of people in the West make group rather than individual physician
appointments
E) older people use health care service more heavily than younger people

3- In 19th-century Europe, women and children were used extensively in factories ----.

A) although only about 20 percent of workers were employed in factories in 1850

B) when they became aware of the effects of factory work on their health
C) since they worked for lower wages and compensated for reluctant male labour
D) as the factory worker was not characteristic of European labour in the 19th century
E) while domestic industry and agriculture engaged most of the population

4- Trans-fat may be as harmful to your health as saturated fat ----.

A) because it increases blood cholesterol levels, among other adverse effects

B) although major sources are hardened vegetable fat such as margarine
C) as long as foods high in saturated fat include red meats and dairy products
D) since a diet that has generous amounts of vegetables is naturally lower in fat
E) even if a diet high in fat can also be unnecessarily high in calories

5- Because bodybuilders exert large amounts of energy, ----.

A) they are judged on the physical appearance of their muscles and encouraged to
focus onbody image
B) they try to achieve the body type that will help them be effective competitors in their
sport
C) bodybuilding is the development of the physique through exercise, often for
competitive exhibition
D) their metabolism generally requires more calories per day than the average person
bodybuilding is an activity that includes weight training in order to build muscle mass
 6- Much of the ocean remains mysterious ----.

A) unless they cover more of the Earth's surface than land

B) even though animals that live in the deep ocean need unique characteristics to survive in
those conditions
C) as sunlight, which is mandatory to investigate the deep waters, is important for the sea
creatures
D) because the dark, cold conditions make its deep waters difficult to explore
E) although life at the bottom of the deep ocean is difficult for the ones with lungs

7- In our rapidly changing world, parents' skills may easily become obsolete, ----.

A) though children sometimes look to their peers rather than their parents for guidance and
approval
B) as family-centred learning plays a key role in equipping children with social, cultural and
moral values
C) while they might have difficulty in transmitting their accumulated knowledge to their
children
D) but their children's taste in diet, music, clothes and entertainment can significantly differ
from their own taste
E) so they could have fewer opportunities for direct influence over their children's development

8- Hydroelectricity plants pose several threats to the environment ----.

A) while flooding is an important indicator for the environmental impact they cause
B) because they could lead to the extinction of endemic species and block fish migration
C) even though the proliferation of mosquitoes may disturb those living close to them
D) although the loss of historical and archaeological heritage is a big concern
E) so that they help communities harness water resources for energy generation

9- According to skeletal therapists, it is vital that women strengthen their bodies in their
40s, ----.

A) so a considerable number of women do not know very well how to maintain their bone
health
B) as bone density starts to gradually decrease, leaving the bones fragile during this period
C) but hunched shoulders and poor posture can lead to a range of health issues in the old age
D) as long as muscles work optimally to support the skeleton and the body is positioned
correctly
E) even though bad posture is known to give them an awkward look and might lead to serious
ailments in time

10- Due to an explosion in levels of homelessness for all ages across developed countries
over the past 20 years, ‐‐‐‐.

A) in the US the typical image of a homeless person is of a single man or an older woman
B) poverty and poor health are among the main causes of homelessness
C) no attention is paid to the experiences of homeless people instead of the concept itself
D) there has been a significant increase in the number of studies of homelessness
E) people from ethnic minority groups are especially vulnerable to homelessness
11- Because we are frequently exposed to the work of psychologists in our everyday lives, ‐‐‐‐.

A) successful work in the field of psychology often requires an advanced university degree
B) there are hundreds of thousands of psychologists who work in other places
C) everyone has an idea about what psychology is and what psychologists do
D) psychologists also work in forensic fields. And they do provide counselling and therapy
E) the word 'psychology' comes from the Greek words 'psyche' (life), and 'logos' (explanation)

12- The moulds that grow indoors can be of particular concern for humans ----.

A) as long as the mould varieties used in cheese production are sterilised

B) even if the types of mould growing on food are believed to cause cancer
C) unless some of the products of mould metabolism have great importance
D) even though almost all sorts of mould require a moist surface for growth
E) because they can cause allergic reactions in those who are sensitive

13- ---- due to their small size and their inexperience with animals.

A) Trying to break up fights between animals is not recommended

B) Bacteria or other pathogens show up in about 85 percent of bites
C) A single bite wound may contain many different types of bacteria
D) Wild animals must be reported to the local animal control authorities
E) Children under 12 years of age are at a higher risk for animal bites

14- ‐‐‐‐, water has been a dominant factor in determining the location and distribution of
human settlement in Afghanistan.

A) Although many of the historically important towns are located near rivers and streams
B) Since much of the country is covered by deserts and receives little rain
C) Whereas the country's capital lies on the wellwatered plains of a river
D) Despite the fact that 80 percent of the country's population is rural, utilising water sources on
a large scale
E) Even if humid air from the Persian Gulf produces summer showers in the southwest

15- Because the vast changes in altitude and terrain in Ecuador can make road travel slow and
difficult, ‐‐‐‐.

A) taxis and buses provide non‐stop city transport for very reasonable fares
B) telecommunication and electrical services in Ecuador are state‐owned and ‐operated
C) tourists and Ecuadorians alike utilise in‐country flights, which serve a s a more practical
alternative
D) the country harbours a lot of holiday destinations and tourist attractions
E) goods are still transported through rocky and tough roads
 CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA SORU TÜRLERİ
IF / UNLESS
1- ‐‐‐‐ if food security for all people in the world is to be provided.

A) Supermarkets can now offer not only frozen and packaged food, but also fresh food year‐
round from all over the world
B) The way food is produced and distributed throughout the world has changed dramatically
since the Industrial Revolution
C) In a world where food is abundant as never before, food supply is extremely vulnerable to
economic and political interests
D) Fundamental changes in global trade and the international financial system must be
introduced
E) Lack of access to food leads to undernourishment, a problem that affects more than 800
million people

2- ----, it will not be possible to turn a draft into a finished piece of work.

A) Although an author may have a hard time evaluating what he or she has written
B) Even if an author thinks that characterisation is poor in his or her work
C) Unless an author knows the strengths and weaknesses of a manuscript
D) Because an author should realise that revision turns an amateur into a professional
E) When rewriting and polishing lead an author to produce a good novel

3- Unless there are substantial changes in the ways that humans affect ecosystems, ----.

A) we have already caused permanent losses in global biodiversity

B) our knowledge of Earth's species is still incomplete
C) there could be as many as 30-50 million species on Earth
D) there will be much larger losses of biodiversity in the near future
E) the scale by which we consider biodiversity ranges from local to global

4- ----, unless it is integrated into a meaningful curricular and instructional framework.

A) Technology is regarded to have the potential to improve education

B) Technology should be viewed as one tool among many
C) The use of technology requires teachers to confront their beliefs about learning
D) It is believed that technology has little influence on
education
E) Technology provides an excellent platform for learning environments
 KARIŞIK ÇIKMIŞ CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA SORULARI

1- Ritual and ceremony have been part of our lives --------------------.

A) since they provide powerful ways to symbolize and celebrate our achievements
B) while making up your own ceremony may carry negative message from your past
C) only if we have made peace with who we are and how we become that way
D) although these exercises leave us at ease with our present and past
E) and extinguishing a candle on your birthday can only help bakeries
2- -----------------------, the World Wide Web is not the same thing as the Internet.
A) Although many people treat them as synonymous
B) For it is as much a set of principles as a technology
C) Because the Internet is the most important digital service available
D) Since the idea for the Web was born in 1989
E) With the rapid spread of websites and browser technology
3- ---------------- but they can also appear elsewhere, at hotspots where rock moves upward
from deep inside the Earth.
A) The outside layer of the Earth is broken up into giant pieces called tectonic plates
B) Volcanic activity has contributed to the creation of large portions of the Earth’s surface
C) Thinner plates, such as those under oceans, lead to more volcanic activity
D) Volcanoes often form near the boundaries between tectonic plates
E) It is almost impossible to guess the exact time of volcanic eruptions
4- Ever since psychologists started studying intelligence, ---------------.
A) common measuring factors of intelligence include memory, attention and concentration
B) it is meant to represent how generally intelligent you are based on your performance
C) some psychologists come up with a test of mental abilities
D) they have relied heavily on psychological tests for their concepts
E) the first ad most popular form of intelligence is called the two-factor theory
5- Since water is much more resistant to movement compared to air, ------------------------.
A) there are some examples of swimmers who won medals due to the shape of their body
B) the main factor that determines your success in water is how developed your digestive
system is
C) athletes transfer as much of their own energy as possible into their resistance exercises
outside the pool
D) full body swimsuits have been banned from contests because they give swimmers an extra
advantage in water
E) swimmers have to use four times as much energy as runners to cover the same distance
6- While the ultimate cause or causes of Alzheimer’s disease are still unknown, ---------------.
A) other non-genetic causes have also been studied in relation to the causes of this disease
B) vitamin E, which is an antioxidant, can be of benefit for people with this disease
C) a person with the disease may forget the names of family members
D) there are several risk factors that increase a person’s likelihood of developing the disease
E) the symptoms of this disease begin gradually, usually with memory lapses
7- Although our bodies and brains continue transforming throughout life, -----------------.
A) the most dramatic changes happen in infancy and during the teenage years
B) the brain of a baby has almost the same number of cells as an adult's
C) brain cells form a dense web of connections to each other helping us learn new skills
D) the physical changes are accompanied by emotional and behavioral changes
E) changes in an area called the reticular formation allow a child to pay attention for longer
periods
8- Although a lot of studies have been carried out over the decades to help the millions of
people with spinal cord injuries, -------------.
A) researchers have achieved frustratingly little success so far
B) a new device has been offering hope for treatment
C) three patients at Kentucky Spinal Cord Center in the US have received their implants
D) electrical stimulation is one of the most effective methods to help patients
E) reawakening connections between the brain and the lower body is essential
9- People are generally advised not to take naps --------------.
A) given that naps and caffeine combined are effective in combating midday sleepiness
B) because they can disturb the normal pattern of sleep and wakefulness
C) as long as they can improve alertness, performance and mood
D) since napping at particular times of day can be more beneficial than at other times
E) even though they can negatively affect night-time sleep quality
10- ---------------, the most promising ones are the harnessing of tidal power and ocean
thermal energy conversion.
A) Despite the differences between high and low water levels
B) While there are several issues related to the efficiency of oceanic tidal power
C) Once methods are found to monitor ocean temperature near the tropics
D) Although here are several ways of utilizing energy from the oceans
E) Because energy conversion relies on temperature differences rather than tide strength
11- Because the gasoline used by most cars causes pollution and adds to global warming, --
-------------------.
A) car manufacturers are turning to electric engines that can use energy from cleaner sources
B) gasoline is also used in light trucks, motorcycles, small aircraft, and boats
C) people use about 385 million gallons of gasoline per day in the US
D) burning a gallon of gasoline produces about 19.6 pounds of carbon dioxide
E) biofuels are plant-derived liquid fuels that can be used as alternatives to gasoline
12- Even though some herbal remedies may show beneficial effects, ---------------.
A) scientists continue to investigate and discover new medicinal uses of plants
B) plant materials are the basis for many of our most helpful medications
C) most show little evidence of providing any health benefits
D) the popularity of herbal products continues to increase
E) the use of some plant remedies dates back thousands of years
 ÇIKMIŞ CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA SORULARI

1- Although they are usually worn for practical reasons, so that the wearer can keep track
of the time, ----.
A) watches are also a piece of jewellery expressing the wearer’s wealth, social status, and
sense of style
B) pocket watches can be as large as three inches in diameter, thus, they do not interfere with
the wearer’s movement
C) wristwatches have been the most common form of timepiece ever since they began to be
produced with metal and leather straps
D) watches are available today in every price range, from a five-dollar plastic watch to a ten-
thousand-dollar gold one
E) the idea of watches is quite ancient, dating back to the Romans who lived as early as 500
BCE
2- While each researcher has their own way of analysing and interpreting animal remains, -
---------------.
A) it must be remembered that sample size and preservation quality ultimately influence the
outcome
B) animal remains aid in the interpretation of ancient resource choices
C) it is fundamental to determine the locations and social complexity of archaeological sites
D) animal remains can be used to provide information about a variety of issues in the study of
societies
E) some methods, terms and anaytical tools are considered standard
3- Because we are bombarded with so much information and misinformation about what
might cause cancer, ----.

A) it is often hard to separate myth from reality

B) it affects every one of us in the same way
C) the chance of being diagnosed is one in two
D) there are some things we can do to reduce our risks of getting cancer
E) the extent of public confusion was exposed in a survey last year
4- ---------------, Alsace's long history of political insecurity and the devastation caused by the
two world wars have impoverished the region.

A) Even though its heavy industry is not fully competitive with their more highly developed
counterparts in other countries
B) While the region became the focus of territorial dispute between France and Germany in
the midto- late 1800s
C) Although its lands are fertile, and the region's iron and coal mines have long constituted a
source of wealth
D) Unless the region's general population participated heavily in the resistance to Germany’s
invasion and conquests
E) As the new movements seek to gain greater control over economic and social development
and to establish the preservation of Alsatian culture
 ÇIKMIŞ CÜMLE TAMAMLAMA SORULARI
5- ----, but the creation of genetic techniques to safely halt or reverse age-related conditions
in humans has so far proven improbable.

A) Some researchers have doubts whether a new genetic technique could be developed as a
first step towards the medical world's fabled 'elixir of youth'
B) It has long been known that manipulating certain genes in an organism can slow ageing and
extend its lifespan
C) More proof will be needed before new genetic treatments using stem cells can be promoted
as the key to turning back the clock on old age
D) Ageing of the body is a dynamic process, as often reported by a number of researchers
E) The efficacy of new methods utilised to prevent ageing is still questionable
6- While excess sodium in the body increases blood pressure, ----.

A) there is an increased risk of heart failure in salt lovers who do not have high blood pressure
B) sodium likes to grab onto calcium before it is flushed out of the body through urine
C) potassium eases tension in blood-vessel walls and helps keep blood pressure in check
D) a high-sodium diet can trigger kidney stones because it increases the amount of calcium in
your urine
E) blood tests ordered by your doctor can confirm if you are low on potassium
7- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease generally occurs as a consequence of cigarette
smoking, ----.

A) because lifestyle changes and medical therapies help to slow the progression of the disease
B) as it is the fourth-leading cause of death in the US, affecting about 16 million Americans
C) while persistent cough and shortness of breath are the key early symptoms of the disease
D) but exposure to industrial or environmental toxins that damage lung tissue might be held
responsible as well
E) once diagnosis is made with X-ray, which shows the increased density of the damaged lung
tissue
8- Atmospheric chemistry is a very complex science, ----.

A) as the composition of the atmosphere is in constant instability

B) yet much of what happens have been understood very little
C) but radiation from space interacts with the atmosphere
D) though millions of different industrial chemicals enter the atmosphere Daily
E) even if gases and chemicals in the atmosphere interact with each other
9- While acne, a common skin disease, can arise at any age, ----.

A) the most troubling aspects of these lesions are the negative cosmetic effects
B) there are some acne patients who can solely be treated by family doctors
C) this disease affects nearly 17 million people in the United States
D) it occurs when the pores of the skin become clogged with oil
E) it usually begins at puberty and worsens during adolescence
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10- Even though the words obese and overweight are used synonymously, ----

A) comparing the height and weight is the best tool in hand to determine your weight
composition
B) body composition or gender differences are also other factors contributing to these
subjects
C) the percentage of body fat and waist circumference are almost never taken into
consideration
D) there has been a great deal of research on body fat and lean muscle mass in recent years
E) there is a great difference between these terms in both definition and associated health
risk

11- ----, but the country is predominantly tropical, with the equator crossing through the
northern part of the country.

A) Brazil is a vast country in South America with a large and ethnically diverse population
B) Not more than one-fifth of Brazil’s terrain is beyond the limits of agricultural usefulness
C) The Amazon basin in Brazil contains the world’s largest tropical rain forest
D) Brazil’s geographical diversity makes for a range of climatic conditions
E) Countless islands are found throughout Brazil’s river systems and in the huge delta of the
Amazon

12- Death rates have been falling in all Western countries for decades ----.

A) so life expectancy is calculated based on the proportion of deaths at each age

B) even if big social as well as cultural changes occur almost in each society
C) although life expectancy was previously climbing by about three months a year
D) given that fatalities can be reduced substantially through mass media coverage of traffic
accidents
E) as there have been a number of improvements in medicine and nutrition

13- ----, the roots of environmental movements date back to the 1800s, when demands for
cleaner water and air became common.

A) Since they had their origins in the conservation movement that began a century earlier
B) As long as industrialisation and colonialism sparked the first environmentalist voices
C) One the rapid sweep of resource exploitation aroused a few opposing voices
D) Even though the term environmentalism was not used until much later
E) Given that the term ‘environmental’ appeared during the second half of the 20th century
14- ----, subliminal advertising’s effectiveness is still uncertain.

A) If its effects are restricted to a select group of people

B) Due to fears that it may influence people subconsciously
C) In addition to several research studies on advertising techniques
D) While it has been proven to work to some extent in some research
E) As several studies have found that subliminal stimuli can influence behaviour
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15- While many people in the US are only aware of anti‐war and peace movements from the
period of social unrest in the 1960s and 1970s, ‐‐‐‐.

A) people and groups resist war and armed conflict for various reasons
B) these efforts rarely receive mainstream attention in the US
C) the goals of such movements vary according to the dominant issue of the moment
D) they concentrate on a variety of issues related to violence, war, and oppression
E) these notions have been in existence since long before
16- The earliest examples of plant and animal domestication date back hundreds of
thousands of years, ‐‐‐‐.

A) as domestication changed the natural behaviour and characteristics of the plants and
animals
B) although the domestication of their environment was a great survival technique of the
human population
C) instead, the domestication of plants and animals took place in a single limited area
D) whereas domestication was one of the most fundamental changes in human history
E) but the environmental effects of those lifestyle changes are still apparent today
17- Although the commonly known honeybee species are native to Europe and Africa only,
‐‐‐‐.

A) the honey is made from nectar, a sweet sap or sugar syrup produced by special glands in
flowers
B) honey is, today, still valued as a sweetener and is used to some extent in medicine
C) the natural home for a honeybee colony is mainly a hollow tree, log, or cave
D) honey was a precious commodity in early Roman, Greek, and Egyptian civilisations
E) humans have transported them to other continents and places where they have flourished
18- Biologists have identified more than 500,000 species of plants in the kingdom Plantae ‐‐
‐‐.

A) as roots require oxygen for respiration, which is why most plants cannot live in soil that
lacks air spaces
B) since photosynthesis takes place in organelles called chloroplasts in plants
C) although there are still plenty of undiscovered species found in the tropics
D) because the seed plants are the dominant and most studied group of plants
E) if they undergo developmental changes, known as morphogenesis, while growing
19- ‐‐‐‐, but they can make diagnosing breast cancer more difficult because of the dense,
fibrous tissue.

A) Excess levels of the hormones estrogen and prolactin cause breast cysts
B) Fibrocystic breasts affect as many as 60 percent of women typically between ages 30 and
50
C) A cancerous growth in the breast is often not tender or freely movable when touched
D) Fibrocystic lumps generally get worse with the menstrual cycle
E) Fibrocystic lumps are benign and do not increase the risk for breast cancer
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20- Modern medicine has become increasingly successful at treating and controlling many
chronic health conditions ‐‐‐‐.

A) because Alzheimer's disease follows a course that progressively deprives a person of

memories
B) given that no cure or drug has been able to halt the course of Alzheimer's disease
C) unless Alzheimer's researchers recognise the need to learn more regarding prevention
strategies of the disease
D) as studies have indicated that maintaining cardiovascular health may diminish the risk of
Alzheimer's disease
E) although some age‐related ones such as Alzheimer's disease have defied attempts to find
preventive therapies
21- ----, so it is not surprising to see that they are popular and increasing in circulation in
larger markets.
A) Advertisers may sometimes be unwilling tocommit a substantial portion of their total
adbudget to Sunday papers
B) In a few regions, Sunday papers exceeding threehundred pages are not uncommon,
C) Sunday papers provide something for everyoneby offering massive diets of news, sports,
travel,and other service features
D) When compared to modern ones, old Sundaypapers were providing more family
readingmaterial
E) Sunday papers are expensive to produce andrequire a separate editor and additional staff
22- Metallurgy, the use of metals, started at different times across the globe, ----.

A) as the West developed the technology to makecast iron during the 16th century
B) so that metal could be worked into any shapewhen struck
C) but by the first millennium BC it was extensivelypractised
D) even if ealy metallurgists often preferentiallyexploited copper ores
E) since iron was extracted from the bloom byrepeated hammering and heating
23- Although coming into contact with the bodies of Ebola victims during funerals is
inevitable, ----.

A) the World Health Organization has made additional funding available

B) little effort has been made to inform peopleabout the risks
C) people have been categorized into various contact groups
D) hospitals have installed high technology diagnosis software
E) innovatios towards record keeping have archived all cases
24- Fulfilling the outdoor play needs of young children is a challenging task, ----.

A) even though focusing on what children should be able to do outside is important

B) so children, especially those at preschool age, spend more time in the playground
C) and playgrounds are controlled spaces where children release some physical energy
D) but children experience fewer and fewer opportunities to explore nature
E) because a variety of factors such as supervision and safety must be considered
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25- ----, insects flourish in every land habitat and play a key role in the global ecosystem.

A) Although they recycle dead plants and animals

B) While they are the most numerous of the animals with tough external skeletons
C) Even if the eyes of adult insects are made up of tiny lenses
D) If many touch-sensitive bristles on the insect's body help to detect air movement
E) Because they have developed amazing adaptations
26- Although the greenhouse gas emissions generated by pollution were relatively small at
first, ----.

A) they grew dramatically as more countries industrialized

B) it was in no country’s interest to reduce them until recently
C) carbon dioxide emissions by the US have decreased since the 1950s
D) in 2007, the EU decided to take further essential steps towards reducing them
E) the effects of the emissions on climate change have been ignored by a number of countries
27- Today hoatzins, the Amazon’s mystery birds, live only in South America, ----.

A) although the hoatzin is one of the most interesting species in the bird kingdom
B) as young hoatzins have claws on their wings, like their dinosaur ancestors
C) while the oldest hoatzin fossil dates back to 34 million years ago
D) but the oldest known fossil of these odd birds reveals they once roamed France
E) because there is enough evidence that they evolved in South America
28- ----------, it was not until the late 20th century that telescopes with sufficient power to
resolve surface details were developed.

A) Given that Nasa’s mariner 10 is the first spacecraft to visit Mercury and photograph it up
close
B) Although Mercury was first observed through a telescope by Italian scientist Galileo Galilei
in the early 17th century
C) Because Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli observed mercury and created the most
accurate map
D) Since the astronomer Friedrich Bassel estimated that Mercury spins at the same speed at
Earth
E) While Institute of radio-engineering became the first to bounce a radar signal off Mercury
and receive its echo
29- -------------, but it has become a tool for communication, for artistic expression and for
managing the store of human knowledge.
A) The story of network attacks and criminal actions stretches as far as the computer industry
itself.
B) Following its development during WW2, the computer became commercially available in
1951.
C) Many areas, including learning and recreation have been revolutionized by the computer
D) Before the computer, the workplace of the 20th century was full of paper and typewrites
E) The computer was originally invented to perform mathematical calculations
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30- Because scientists have described and named only a small percentage of Earth’s species,-
---------------.

A) widespread climate changes and competition among species can result in natural selection
B) species are more vulnerable to extinction when they have become less adaptable to
environmental change
C) a number of species in Africa are critically endangered, having been killed mainly for their
horns or fur
D) it is impossible to measure the total number of species endangered or going extinct
E) destruction of habitats is the primary reason why species are becoming endangered

31- ---------, because it has not checklist of specific and observable symptoms.

A) Fears and expectations influence the development of and adjustment disorder

B) Women are diagnosed with adjustment disorder twice as often as men
C) Adjustment disorder appears to be fairly common in the American population
D) The diagnosis of adjustment disorder represents a particular challenge to clinicians
E) The stressful events that cause an adjustment disorder vary widely

32- Ritual and ceremony have been part of our lives --------------------.

A) since they provide powerful ways to symbolize and celebrate our achievements
B) while making up your own ceremony may carry negative message from your past
C) only if we have made peace with who we are and how we become that way
D) although these exercises leave us at ease with our present and past
E) and extinguishing a candle on your birthday can only help bakeries

33- -----------------------, the World Wide Web is not the same thing as the Internet.

A) Although many people treat them as synonymous

B) For it is as much a set of principles as a technology
C) Because the Internet is the most important digital service available
D) Since the idea for the Web was born in 1989
E) With the rapid spread of websites and browser technology

34- ---------------- but they can also appear elsewhere, at hotspots where rock moves
upward from deep inside the Earth.

A) The outside layer of the Earth is broken up into giant pieces called tectonic plates
B) Volcanic activity has contributed to the creation of large portions of the Earth’s surface
C) Thinner plates, such as those under oceans, lead to more volcanic activity
D) Volcanoes often form near the boundaries between tectonic plates
E) It is almost impossible to guess the exact time of volcanic eruptions
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35- Ever since psychologists started studying intelligence, ---------------.

A) common measuring factors of intelligence include memory, attention and concentration

B) it is meant to represent how generally intelligent you are based on your performance
C) some psychologists come up with a test of mental abilities
D) they have relied heavily on psychological tests for their concepts
E) the first ad most popular form of intelligence is called the two-factor theory
36- Since water is much more resistant to movement compared to air, ------------------------.

A) there are some examples of swimmers who won medals due to the shape of their body
B) the main factor that determines your success in water is how developed your digestive system
is
C) athletes transfer as much of their own energy as possible into their resistance exercises
outside the pool
D) full body swimsuits have been banned from contests because they give swimmers an extra
advantage in water
E) swimmers have to use four times as much energy as runners to cover the same distance

37- While the ultimate cause or causes of Alzheimer’s disease are still unknown, --------------
-.

A) other non-genetic causes have also been studied in relation to the causes of this disease
B) vitamin E, which is an antioxidant, can be of benefit for people with this disease
C) a person with the disease may forget the names of family members
D) there are several risk factors that increase a person’s likelihood of developing the disease
E) the symptoms of this disease begin gradually, usually with memory lapses
38- Although our bodies and brains continue transforming throughout life, -----------------.

A) the most dramatic changes happen in infancy and during the teenage years
B) the brain of a baby has almost the same number of cells as an adult's
C) brain cells form a dense web of connections to each other helping us learn new skills
D) the physical changes are accompanied by emotional and behavioral changes
E) changes in an area called the reticular formation allow a child to pay attention for longer periods

39- Although a lot of studies have been carried out over the decades to help the millions of
people with spinal cord injuries, -------------.

A) researchers have achieved frustratingly little success so far

B) a new device has been offering hope for treatment
C) three patients at Kentucky Spinal Cord Center in the US have received their implants
D) electrical stimulation is one of the most effective methods to help patients
E) reawakening connections between the brain and the lower body is essential
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40- People are generally advised not to take naps --------------.

A) given that naps and caffeine combined are effective in combating midday sleepiness
B) because they can disturb the normal pattern of sleep and wakefulness
C) as long as they can improve alertness, performance and mood
D) since napping at particular times of day can be more beneficial than at other times
E) even though they can negatively affect night-time sleep quality

41- ---------------, the most promising ones are the harnessing of tidal power and ocean thermal
energy conversion.

A) Despite the differences between high and low water levels

B) While there are several issues related to the efficiency of oceanic tidal power
C) Once methods are found to monitor ocean temperature near the tropics
D) Although here are several ways of utilizing energy from the oceans
E) Because energy conversion relies on temperature differences rather than tide strength

42- Because the gasoline used by most cars causes pollution and adds to global warming, -------
--------------.
A) car manufacturers are turning to electric engines that can use energy from cleaner sources
B) gasoline is also used in light trucks, motorcycles, small aircraft, and boats
C) people use about 385 million gallons of gasoline per day in the US
D) burning a gallon of gasoline produces about 19.6 pounds of carbon dioxide
E) biofuels are plant-derived liquid fuels that can be used as alternatives to gasoline

43- Even though some herbal remedies may show beneficial effects, ---------------.

A) scientists continue to investigate and discover new medicinal uses of plants

B) plant materials are the basis for many of our most helpful medications
C) most show little evidence of providing any health benefits
D) the popularity of herbal products continues to increase
E) the use of some plant remedies dates back thousands of years

44- Although many people equate creativity with intelligence, ----.

A) creativity is a critical aspect of a person's life, starting from inside the womb onward
through adulthood
B) a child's creativity can be either strongly encouraged or discouraged by early experiences
at home
C) the two terms are not synonymous, and it is not necessary to have a genius-level IQ to be
creative
D) standard intelligence tests measure convergent thinking, which is the ability to come up
with a single correct answer
E) creative individuals tend to share certain characteristics, including a tendency to be more
impulsive or spontaneous
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45- Although the terms ‘stress’ and ‘anxiety’ are used interchangeably in everyday life, ----.

A) stress is experienced by most people as a pattern of physiological responses to real or

imagined stimuli
B) stress and anxiety have attracted research interest in psychology
C) anxiety disorder may be defined as an emotional discomfort characterized by worry and
tension
D) psychologists believe that stress is a much broader term than anxiety
E) 'stressors' are the environmental demands that people face under pressure
46- Although plants can be highly diverse in appearance, -------.

A) their leaves might come in different shapes and sizes depending on where they grow
B) most share characteristic structures such as leaves and roots
C) photosynthesis is a process in which plants capture and use the sunlight
D) their basic similarity can be confusing
E) seed plants are a highly diverse and widely distributed group
47- ‐‐‐‐, the aging process would continue persistently, making the saved population ever
more susceptible to a new set of diseases.

A) Because aging makes us ever more vulnerable to the common fatal diseases
B) Before aging contributed to a wide variety of non‐fatal diseases and disorders
C) Although authorities underestimated the speed with which mortality was declining
D) Even if medical interventions were to eliminate all the existing major killer diseases
E) Once scientific forecasts of the survival of individuals began with the work of life insurance
companies
48- Even if we were to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions today, ----.

A) the rising temperature trend that we are witnessing today might destabilize automobile
emissions
B) this problem can be attributed to the variations in the output of the Sun
C) both temperatures and sea levels would continue to rise for many hundred years
D) some environmental problems are the results of centuries of pollution
E) we cannot immediately stop various global cultural phenomena that are in action

49-‐‐‐‐ if food security for all people in the world is to be provided.

A) Supermarkets can now offer not only frozen and packaged food, but also fresh food year‐
round from all over the world
B) The way food is produced and distributed throughout the world has changed dramatically
since the Industrial Revolution
C) In a world where food is abundant as never before, food supply is extremely vulnerable to
economic and political interests
D) Fundamental changes in global trade and the international financial system must be
introduced
E) Lack of access to food leads to undernourishment, a problem that affects more than 800
million people
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50- Whereas some commercial photographers accept a wide range of assignments, including
photographing small products, automobiles and food, ‐‐‐‐.

A) they typically take photographs of commercial products for advertisements

B) others focus on a more specialised area, such as photographing only furniture
C) they have the freedom to glorify products and create an exaggerated appearance
D) their photographs should create a favourable impression on the viewer
E) some studios use a number of photographers who specialise in different areas

51- The pleasures of chocolate, tea, and coffee drinking have been known to humans for
centuries, ‐‐‐‐.

A) while caffeine is a member of the alkaloid family, a group of compounds obtained from
numerous plants
B) because full characterisation of caffeine's molecular structure was completed by a German
chemist
C) since researchers identified the active agents in tea and chocolate and gave them various
names
D) but the isolation of caffeine from these everyday treats was accomplished only in the early
1800s
E) although caffeine is one of the most widely used central nervous system stimulants
worldwide

52- Although the idea of organ transplantation to cure disease dates back several
centuries, ------------------------ .

A) recent studies help us expand knowledge about the body’s immune system.
B) transplantation has been considered a viable theraphy for only a few decades.
C) research is advancing towards using animal organs for transpantation into humans
D) some believe that alcoholics suffering from cirrhosis of the liver should not receive a liver.
E) advances in surgery techniques increased the success rates of surgical procedures