Test Report For

Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

Substation No.: Date:

Ambient Temperature:

Transformer Details:
Tag No: Serial No.:

Rating: Primary/Secondary Voltage:

Make: Primary/Secondary Current:

% Impedance: Vector Group:

Tap Changer Type: Cooling:

HV CT Ratio: REF CT Ratio:

LV CT Ratio SEF CT Ratio:

Stabilizing Resistor: NGR Value:

Tests:
Combination:
Description Stable condition Unstable condition
For Differential Protection RYB Out zone RYB in Zone
R-E Out Zone. R-E In Zone.
For REF Protection Y-E Out Zone. Y-E In Zone.
B-E Out Zone. B-E In Zone.

87T CT Terminal Details:

Description R Phase Y Phase B Phase
HV side
LV Side
64R CT Terminal Details:
Description R Phase Y Phase B Phase REF SEF
LV Side

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Page 1 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

Procedure for Differential Stability:

The following broad steps cover testing of Differential scheme used for transformer:
1. Disconnect the transformer from both the sides
2. Bypass NGR
3. Ensure the CT connection and tightness up to the relay end.
4. Keep the transformer at nominal tap
5. Create internal and external zone faults on LV sides of transformer by shorting 3-phases.
6. Apply three phase test voltage on Delta side of transformer.
7. Measure and note down the reading as per the table during various faults simulation.
A) External Fault Simulation
 Create RYB short circuit after CT in star side of the transformer (Refer Fig.)
Apply 415V on delta side of transformer

 Measure the current through CT secondaries and in the relay.

 Stability is ensured if Differential current is nearly zero.
B) Internal Fault Simulation
 Repeat the above Procedure by shifting the fault point to within zone of protection. (Ref fig.)

 The scheme is certified acceptable if following are observed:

Zone Relay pickup
External No
Internal Yes

C) Precautions
 Ensure proper disconnection of transformer from either sides and NGR is bypassed
 Ensure adequate sizing of cables, connectors and shorting link by calculating 3-ph short circuit fault
current as per the transformer impedance. (Refer. Annexure-1 for fault current calculation)
 Ensure reliability of the earthing system. So that maximum current will flow as per the calculation
during fault simulation.

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Page 2 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

Annexure-1:
Details of Transformer:
MVA Rating: 30 MVA
Voltage Ratio: 132/11.5 kV
Impedance:15%
LV side Rated Current:1004 A
Vector Group: Dyn11
Calculation:
3-Ph Fault Current (LV side) = LV side Rated Current / % impedance
= 1004 /0.15 = 6693 A
This will be the 3-Ph short circuit fault current when apply the rated voltage in HV side.
If we apply the 415V at HV side then the fault current in LV side will be
= (3-Ph LV side Fault current/ Rated HV side voltage) * Applied Voltage
= (6693A/132kV) *415V
= 21 A
This is the LV side 3-Ph short circuit fault current while applying 415V in HV side. To ensure the reliability
Approximately this much fault current should flow during fault simulation.

Stable Condition RYB Out Zone:

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Page 3 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

Short Circuit Current Measured at LV side: ____A

Readings Measure at Terminal Block:

Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps

CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
Reference (mA)
HV Side LV Side HV Side LV Side
R
Y
B
Neutral CT
Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps
Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
REF CT
SEF CT

Readings Measure at Relay Display:

Set Value:
Diff – Enable
Is1 – Is2 –
HV Side LV Side Diff in Pu Bias in Pu
Amps Amps
Reference Reference Reference Pu Reference Pu
(mA) (mA)
Ia-1 Ia-2 Ia Ia
Ib-1 Ib-2 Ib Ib
Ic-1 Ic-2 Ic Ic

Results:
LED Glow Status –
87T Relay – Master Relay Operation-

Unstable Condition RYB In Zone:

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Page 4 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

Short Circuit Current Measured at LV side: ____A

Readings Measure at Terminal Block:

Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps

CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
Reference (mA)
HV Side LV Side HV Side LV Side
R
Y
B
Neutral CT
Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps
Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
REF CT
SEF CT

Readings Measure at Relay Display:

Set Value:
Diff – Enable
Is1 – Is2 –
HV Side LV Side Diff in Pu Bias in Pu
Amps Amps
Reference Reference Reference Pu Reference Pu
(mA) (mA)
Ia-1 Ia-2 Ia Ia
Ib-1 Ib-2 Ib Ib
Ic-1 Ic-2 Ic Ic

Results:
LED Glow Status –
87T Relay –
Master Relay Operation-

Procedure for Restricted Earth Fault Stability

The following broad steps cover testing of REF scheme used for transformer:
1. Disconnect the transformer from both the sides
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 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

2. Bypass NGR
3. Short temporarily stabilizing resistor in relay circuit if provided
4. Create internal and external zone faults on star side
5. Apply three phase test voltage to the delta side of transformer
6. Measure and note down the CT and REF relay reading during various faults simulation.
A) External Fault Simulation
 Connect R phase to ground (Refer Fig.)
 Apply 415V on delta side of transformer
 Measure the current through CT secondaries and REF
relay
 Stability is ensured if current through relay is nearly
zero
 Repeat the study for Y phase and B phase.

B) Internal Fault Simulation

 Repeat the above procedure by shifting the
fault point to within zone of protection as per
the fig.
 Sensitivity is ensured if current through relay
is maximum.
 The scheme is certified acceptable if following
are observed:

Relay picks up for

phase to earth fault
External No
Internal Yes

C) Precautions
 Ensure proper disconnection of transformer from either sides and NGR is bypassed
 Ensure adequate sizing of cables, connectors and shorting link by calculating 3-ph short circuit fault
current as per the transformer impedance. (Refer. Annexure-2 for fault current calculation).
 Ensure reliability of the earthing system. So that maximum current will flow as per the calculation
during fault simulation.

Annexure-2:
Details of Transformer:

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Page 6 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

MVA Rating: 2MVA

Voltage Ratio:11/0.433 kV
Impedance:6.25%
LV side Rated Current:2667 A
Vector Group: Dyn11
Calculation:
3-Ph Fault Current (LV side) = LV side Rated Current / % impedance
= 2667 /0.0625 = 42kA
L-G Fault current (LV side) = 42 kA/ 3 = 14 kA
This will be the fault current when apply the rated voltage in HV side.

If we apply the 415V source then the L-G fault current in LV side will be
= (L-G LV side Fault current/ Rated HV side voltage) * Applied Voltage
= (14kA/11kV) *415V
= 528 A
This is the LV side L-G fault current while applying 415V in HV side. Minimum 300 A LV side L-G fault current
should flow during fault simulation to ensure the reliability of the Transformer Neutral earthing system.

R-E Out Zone:

Fault Current Measured at LV side: ______A
Readings Measure at Terminal Block:

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Page 7 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

LV side CT

Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps

Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
R
Y
B
Neutral CT
Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps
Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
REF CT
SEF CT

Readings Measure at Relay Display:

REF setting:

Reference REF Diff. REF Bias

IREF
ISEF

Results:
LED Glow Status –
64 Relay –
Master trip relay-

Y-E Out Zone:

Fault Current Measured at LV side: ______A
Readings Measure at Terminal Block:

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Page 8 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

LV side CT

Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps

Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
R
Y
B
Neutral CT
Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps
Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
REF CT
SEF CT

Readings Measure at Relay Display:

REF setting:

Reference REF Diff. REF Bias

IREF
ISEF

Results:
LED Glow Status –
64 Relay –
Master trip relay-

B-E Out Zone:

Fault Current Measured at LV side: ______A
Readings Measure at Terminal Block:

LV side CT

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Page 9 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps

Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
R
Y
B
Neutral CT
Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps
Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
REF CT
SEF CT

Readings Measure at Relay Display:

REF setting:

Reference REF Diff. REF Bias

IREF
ISEF

Results:
LED Glow Status –
64 Relay –
Master trip relay-

R-E In Zone:
Fault Current Measured at LV side: ______A
Readings Measure at Terminal Block:

LV side CT

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Page 10 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps

Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
R
Y
B
Neutral CT
Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps
Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
REF CT
SEF CT

Readings Measure at Relay Display:

REF setting:

Reference REF Diff. REF Bias

IREF
ISEF

Results:
LED Glow Status –
64 Relay –
Master trip relay-

Y-E In Zone:
Fault Current Measured at LV side: ______A
Readings Measure at Terminal Block:

LV side CT

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Page 11 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps

Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
R
Y
B
Neutral CT
Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps
Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
REF CT
SEF CT

Readings Measure at Relay Display:

REF setting:

Reference REF Diff. REF Bias

IREF
ISEF

Results:
LED Glow Status –
64 Relay –
Master trip relay-

B-E In Zone:
Fault Current Measured at LV side: ______A
Readings Measure at Terminal Block:

LV side CT

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Page 12 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps

Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
R
Y
B
Neutral CT
Relay Terminal Side Measured Amps
Reference CT Secondary Side Measured Amps (mA)
(mA)
REF CT
SEF CT

Readings Measure at Relay Display:

REF setting:

Reference REF Diff. REF Bias

IREF
ISEF

Results:
LED Glow Status –
64 Relay –
Master trip relay-

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Page 13 of 14
 Test Report For
Transformer Stability
Project: Plant: Report No:

A. General Check:

Sr. No. Description Remarks

1 Ensure Normalization of NGR connection.

2 Ensure normalization of stabilizing resistor connection.

3 Ensure Revalidation of the protection setting as per the

setting documents.
4 Ensure the healthiness of the Metrosil and stabilizing
resistor
5 Ensure CT secondary connection and tightness of the wire
up to relay end.
6 Check the CT Winding resistance. Ensure the Specification
and CT winding resistance should be identical
7 Ensure reliability of Neutral earthing system.

Test Result:

Test Instrument Used

Sr. No. of Instrument Make Model Calibration
Rating Tested at
Instrument Name No. Validity

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Page 14 of 14