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Jothi Internship

The internship training report by Ms. P. Jothipriya, submitted to Periyar University, details her experience as a sales representative at Tamil Medicals in Mohanur, Namakkal. The report covers various aspects of pharmacy, including types of medicines, prescription handling, dose calculations, and the importance of mathematical concepts in pharmacy practice. Overall, the internship provided valuable insights into the medical field and enhanced her skills and knowledge for her future career.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views19 pages

Jothi Internship

The internship training report by Ms. P. Jothipriya, submitted to Periyar University, details her experience as a sales representative at Tamil Medicals in Mohanur, Namakkal. The report covers various aspects of pharmacy, including types of medicines, prescription handling, dose calculations, and the importance of mathematical concepts in pharmacy practice. Overall, the internship provided valuable insights into the medical field and enhanced her skills and knowledge for her future career.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTERNSHIP TRAINING REPORT

Submitted to Periyar University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for


the award of the Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MATHEMATICS
(Under Choice Based Credit System)
By
Ms. P. JOTHIPRIYA
(Reg. No.:C23PG117MAT009)
Under the Guidance of
Dr. B. LENA, M.Sc., PGDCA., M.Phil., M.B.A., B.Ed., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor in Mathematics

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
TRINITY COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(ARTS AND SCIENCE)
NAMAKKAL – 637002

JUNE – 2024
CONTENT
CONTENT

S.NO TITLE PAGE NO

1) Internship Training 1
Report

2) Certificate 14

3) Conclusion 15
INTERNSHIP
TRAINING
REPORT
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY
INTERNSHIP TRAINING REPORT
PG STUDENTS – 1 YEAR – 2nd SEMESTER VACATION
1. Name of the Candidate P. JOTHIPRIYA
2. University Examination C23PG117MAT009
Registration Number
3. Name of the College Trinity College For Women,
Namakkal.
4. Name of the Department/ Degree PG Department of
Mathematics/M.Sc.,
5. Name of the Industry / Institution Tamil Medicals,
in which for Internship Training Subramaniyapuram, Mohanur,
Undergone Namakkal.
6. Guide/ Supervisor under whom the Dr. B. LENA, M.Sc., PGDCA.,
M.Phil., M.B.A., B.Ed., Ph.D.,
training undertaken
7. Title of the Training Sales representative

8. Brief output of Training Attach Annexure-1 Enclosed


Annexure -1
9. Conclusion This internship has been an
excellent experience about
Medical field.
10. Outcome of the Training Through this internship able to
gain knowledge and develop
skill to the career.

Signature Signature Head of the Principal


of the Student of the Guide Department

Internal Examiner

1
ANNEXURE- I
INTERNSHIP REPORT

Name : P. JOTHIPRIYA

Name of the College : TRINITY COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (ARTS & SCIENCE)

NAMAKKAL.

Course : MASTER OF SCIENCE

Period of Internship : 27.05.2024 to 10.06.2024

Internship Place : TAMIL MEDICALS, MOHANUR, NAMAKKAL.

INFORMATION ABOUT TAMIL MEDICALS

Tamil Medicals started in 2010

Location : Tamil Medicals,

194, opposite to Union Office,

Subramaniyapuram, Velur Main Road,

Mohanur(TK),

Namakkal.

Nature of the Work : Sales Representative

Pharmacy Details : It is one of the top growing Pharmacy in Mohanur and also famous
around that area.

2
OVERVIEW OF INTERNSHIP

The following information’s are observed through this training.

PHARMACY

The science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring
medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines.

KINDS OF PHARMACY

RETAIL PHARMACY

 "Retail Pharma" typically refers to the segment of the pharmaceutical industry involved in
the distribution and sale of allopathy medicines and healthcare products directly to consumers
through retail outlets.
 These outlets can include pharmacies (both independent and chain pharmacies), drug stores,
and online pharmacies where individuals can purchase prescription and over-the-counter
medications, as well as various healthcare products such as vitamins, supplements, and
personal care items.

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 In essence, retail pharma focuses on making medications and healthcare products accessible
to the public, ensuring they are available for purchase in convenient locations or through
online platforms.

ALLOPATHY MEDICINES

 Allopathy medicine, also known as conventional medicine or Western medicine, refers to


the practice of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases using
pharmaceuticals and surgical interventions.
 The term "allopathy" was coined in the 19th century to distinguish this approach from
alternative medical practices like homeopathy.

Allopathy medicine typically involves:

 Symptom-based diagnosis
 Use of prescription medications to treat symptoms and diseases
 Surgical interventions to repair or remove damaged tissues
 Evidence-based medical practices guided by scientific research
 Focus on treating the disease or condition rather than the whole person.

Examples of allopathy medicine include:

 medications for hypertension, diabetes, or depression


 Surgical procedures like appendectomies or heart bypass surgery
 Chemotherapy for cancer treatment
 Antibiotics for bacterial infections
Ex: Penicillin

4
 Vaccinations for disease prevention
Ex: COVID-19 Vaccine

TYPES OF MEDICINES

 Internal Medicines
 Emergency Medicines
 Surgical Medicines

INTERNAL MEDICINES

 Internal medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and
treatment of adult diseases.
 They often serve as primary care physicians for adults or as consultants to other medical
specialists.

Some Drugs for Respiratory Organ

 Amoxicillin
 Azithromycin
 Erythromycin

EMERGENCY MEDICINES

 Emergency medicine is the branch of medical care that deals with urgent or life-threatening
medical conditions.
 It focuses on rapid assessment, stabilization, and treatment of patients who require
immediately medical attention due to accidents, injuries, acute illnesses, or other critical
conditions.
 Their goal is to provide timely and effective care to stabilize patients and initiate treatment
until further care can be provided or the patient's condition improves.

5
Some Drugs for Emergency Medicines

 Adrenaline
 Dopamine
 Atropine

SURGICAL MEDICINES

 "Surgical medicine" simply refers to the practice of using surgery as a treatment method for
various medical conditions.
 Surgeons perform operations where they make incisions (cuts) in the body to treat injuries,
diseases, or to improve bodily functions.
 It's a specialized field where doctors are trained to perform precise procedures to repair or
remove damaged tissues, correct deformities, or address internal issues.

Some Drugs for Surgical Medicine

 Analgesics (pain killer)


 Anaesthetic ( local and general)

PRESCRIPTION:

6
TERMS USED IN PRESCRIPTION

HANDLING OF A PRESCRIPTION

The following steps are to be followed during handling of a prescription for compounding and
dispensing:

 Receiving
 Reading and Checking
 Collecting and Weighing the material
 Compounding, Labelling and Packing

RECEIVING

 The prescription should be received by the pharmacist himself.


 While receiving, he shouldn’t change any facial expressions.
 Because it may cause a impression on the patient that he is surprised or confused after
seeing the prescription.

READING AND CHECKING

 On receiving the prescription the pharmacist should check the prescription whether it is
written in a proper format.
 The prescription should always be screened behind the counter.

7
 Any doubts in case of prescription ingredients or drugs and directions he should discuss
with another senior pharmacist or physician but not with the patient.

WHAT TO CHECK IN A PRESCRIPTION?

 Error in dosage
 Wrong drug or dosage form
 Contra indicated drugs
 Synergistic and Antagonistic drugs
 Drug interactions

COLLECTING AND WEIGHING THE MATERIAL

 Before compounding the prescription, all the materials required for it are collected on the
left side of the balance.
 After weighing each material should be shifted on to the right side of the balance.

COMPOUNDING, LABELING AND PACKING

 Compounding should be carried out in a neat place.

 All the equipment required are cleaned and dried thoroughly.

 Only one prescription should be compounded at a time.

 The compounded materials should be filled in a suitable container based on quantity and
use.

 The size of the label should be proportional to the size of the container.

 Label should contain the required suggestions/directions to the patient.

While compounding label of the stock bottle should be read at least three times to
avoid any error:

 When taken from the shelf.


 When the contents are removed for weighing/measuring.
 When containers are returned back to its proper place.

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DOSE CALCULATION

Dose calculation in pharmacy is a critical aspect of ensuring patient safety and efficacy of treatment.
Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians routinely perform dose calculations to determine the
appropriate amount of medication a patient should receive based on factors such as age, weight,
condition severity, and drug characteristics. Here are key components involved in dose calculation:

 Patient Parameters: Pharmacists gather essential information about the patient,


including age, weight, height (for paediatric patients), renal function, liver function, and other
relevant medical history.
 Drug Characteristics: Understanding the pharmacokinetics (how the drug is absorbed,
distributed, metabolized, and excreted) and pharmacodynamics (the drug's effects on the
body) of the medication is crucial. This includes factors like half-life, bioavailability, and
therapeutic index.
 Dosage Forms: Consideration of the specific formulation of the drug (e.g., tablets,
capsules, solutions, suspensions) affects how the dose is calculated and administered.
 Dosage Regimens: Determining the frequency of administration (e.g., once daily, twice
daily) and total duration of treatment based on therapeutic guidelines and patient-specific
factors.
 Calculations: Depending on the prescription and patient specifics, calculations may
involve converting between different units of measurement (e.g., milligrams to millilitres),
adjusting doses based on renal or hepatic impairment, and ensuring compatibility with
patient-specific parameters.
 Safety Checks: Pharmacists employ various safety checks, such as double-checking
calculations, verifying against established guidelines and protocols, and using computerized
systems to minimize errors.
 Communication: Clear and effective communication with patients, caregivers, and
healthcare providers ensures that the correct dose is understood and administered as
prescribed.

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PEDIATRIC DOSE CALCULATION

Pediatric dose calculation in pharmacy involves determining the appropriate dosage of medications
for children, taking into account their age, weight, and sometimes other factors like body surface area.
Here are key considerations and methods used in pediatric dose calculations:

 Age and Weight: These are fundamental factors in determining pediatric dosages.
Infants and children metabolize drugs differently than adults due to variations in organ
function and body composition.
 Body Surface Area (BSA): Sometimes used for drugs where the dosage is weight-
based and adjusted for BSA, especially in chemotherapy or certain antibiotics. BSA is
calculated using formulas such as the Mosteller formula (BSA in m² = √(height in cm *
weight in kg / 3600)).
 Dose Formulations: Pediatric doses often need adjustments because many medications
are not available in pediatric-specific formulations. Liquid formulations are commonly used
and often require accurate measuring devices like oral syringes or droppers.
 Age-Based Formulas: For certain medications, dose calculation formulas based on age
are used. For example, Young's rule (Dose = (Age in years / (Age in years + 12)) * Adult
dose) and Clark's rule (Dose = (Weight in kg / 70) * Adult dose) are sometimes used,
although weight-based calculations are generally preferred.
 Drug Characteristics: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children differ
from adults, influencing dosage requirements. Factors like renal function and liver
metabolism also plays significant roles in drug clearance and dosage determination.
 Safety Considerations: Pediatric dose calculations require strict adherence to safety
protocols to prevent dosage errors. Double-checking calculations, verifying against
guidelines, and considering any special patient circumstances (e.g., premature infants,
comorbidities) are crucial.
 Monitoring and Adjustments: Monitoring therapeutic response and potential
adverse effects is essential, as children may react differently to medications compared to
adults. Dose adjustments may be necessary based on clinical response and monitoring of drug
levels if available.

10
CLARK’S RULE

 Benjamin J. Delgado;
 Anthony O. Safadi;
 Tushar Bajaj.

Introduction

Clark's rule is an equation used to calculate pediatric medication dosage based on the known weight
of a patient and a known adult dose of medication to be used. Clark's rule equation is defined as the
weight of the patient in pounds divided by the average standard weight of 150 pounds (68 kg)
multiplied by the adult dose of a drug to obtain the pediatric medication dose, as is demonstrated
below:

(Weight divided by 150 lbs.) x Adult Dose = Pediatric Dosage

(Weight divided by 68 kg) x Adult Dose = Pediatric Dosage

Weight of pediatric patient in pounds (lbs.)

Adult dose is the recommended dosage for adult medication use

Weight of pediatric patient in kilograms (kg)

Clark's rule is a known pediatric medication dosing rule described in the medical literature that
utilizes the patient's weight to calculate medication dosage.

ADULT DOSE CALCULATION

Dosage calculation for injection:

11
Dosage calculation for Tablets:

MEDICAL DEVICES

 Medical devices in pharmacy settings encompass a variety of tools and equipment used for
diagnostics, treatment, and patient care.
 Pharmacies may stock and offer some of these devices for sale, while others are used by
pharmacists to assist in patient care, monitoring, and education.

Here are some common types found in pharmacies:

 Blood Pressure Monitors:


Devices used to measure blood pressure, often found in
pharmacies for customer use or by pharmacists for patient
monitoring.
 Glucometers:
Tools used to measure blood glucose levels, essential for
patients with diabetes to monitor their blood sugar levels
regularly.

 Nebulizers:
Devices that convert liquid medication into a fine mist for
inhalation, commonly used to administer respiratory
medications such as bronchodilators and
Corticosteroids.

12
 Thermometers:
Instruments used to measure body temperature, crucial for monitoring
fever or hypothermia.

 Oxygen Concentrators:
Devices that extract oxygen from ambient air for patients who
require supplemental oxygen therapy.

 Mobility Aids:
Canes, walkers, and wheelchairs are sometimes available in
pharmacies to assist patients with mobility challenges.

 Orthopedic Supports:
Braces, splints, and supports for joints and muscles to aid in injury
recovery or provide stability.

 Diagnostics Kits:
Tests for conditions such as pregnancy, cholesterol levels, and
infectious diseases, allowing patients to perform initial screenings at
home.

MATHEMATICAL CONCEPT IN PHARMACY

ALGEBRA:

Algebra helps pharmacists make sure they give their patients the appropriate amount of
medication by helping with dosage calculations and inventory management.

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Differential equations are used to relate the absorptions of drugs in various body organs over time.

INTEGRATED EQUATIONS

Integrated equations are regularly used to model the cumulative therapeutic or toxic
reactions of drugs in the body.

13
14
CONCLUSION

Overall internship, it helps to enhance my skills and also develop my abilities and knowledge
it was a useful experience also I have find out what my strength. I learned new set of ideas on
medical field and it is helpful to my strong my knowledge. The overall experience was good and
everything I learned will be a new set of gaining to the career in future.

15

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