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+1physics - Laws. of Motion

This document discusses Newton's laws of motion, detailing the concepts of inertia, momentum, and the effects of forces. It explains the three laws of motion, the relationship between mass and weight, and the principle of conservation of momentum. Additionally, it covers friction types, impulse, and the implications of motion in various scenarios, such as in a lift or during a collision.

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Mariya Sojan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
28 views22 pages

+1physics - Laws. of Motion

This document discusses Newton's laws of motion, detailing the concepts of inertia, momentum, and the effects of forces. It explains the three laws of motion, the relationship between mass and weight, and the principle of conservation of momentum. Additionally, it covers friction types, impulse, and the implications of motion in various scenarios, such as in a lift or during a collision.

Uploaded by

Mariya Sojan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dream bigger Grow bigger • 159 .

CHAPTER-4
LAWS OF MOTION

In this chapter, we discuss the causes of Examples


motion. The study about the causes of
i. A person standing in a bus tends to
motion is called dynamics. Sir Issac
fall backwards when the bus
Newton formulated three basic laws of
suddenly starts moving forward.
motion. Here we discuss all in detail.
ii. When we shake the branch of tree
Newton's first law of motion its fruits and dry leaves fall down.
Everybody continues its state of rest or iii. Dust is removed from a hanging
uniform motion along a straight line unless carpet by beating it with a stick.
an external unbalanced force acts on it. 2) Inertia of Motion.
Significance of First Law The tendency of a body to remain in its
❖ First law introduce the idea of force. It state of uniform motion along a straight
is defined as “force is something that line is called inertia of motion.
changes or tends to change the state of Examples
rest or uniform motion of a body in a
i. When a moving bus suddenly stops, a
straight line”.
person standing in it tends to fall
❖ First law also introduce the idea about
forward.
inertia. Inertia is the tendency of a body
ii. A person getting out of a moving bus or
to continue in its state of rest or
train falls in the forward direction.
uniform motion along a straight line.
iii. A ball thrown upward in a moving train
Mass of a body is the measure of its
comes back into the thrower’s hands.
inertia. If a body has more mass, it has
more inertia. 3) Inertia of Direction.

Types of Inertia The tendency of a body to continue its


direction of motion is called inertia of
The word inertia means resistance to move.
direction.
There are 3 types of Inertia.
Examples
1) Inertia of rest.
2) Inertia of motion. i. When a stone executing circular motion is
3) Inertia of direction. released, it flies off tangentially.
ii. During the sharpening of a knife, the
1) Inertia of rest
sparks coming from the grind stone fly off
The tendency of a body to remain in its tangentially to the rim of the rotating
state of rest is called inertia of rest. stone.

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iii. When a vehicle moves, the mud sticking to ❖ Unit of force →kgm/s2 or Newton (N)
its wheels flies off tangentially. ❖ Dimension → [𝑀1 𝐿1 𝑇 −2 ]
Linear momentum or momentum(p)
Define one Newton (1N)
Momentum of a body is defined as the The absolute unit of force is Newton
product of its mass (m) and velocity (v). (N). One Newton (1N) is defined as the
i.e. P = mv or 𝑃⃗ = 𝑚𝑣 force which will produce an acceleration of
1m/s2 on a body of mass 1kg.
It is a vector quantity with unit kg m/s.

Dimension → [M1L1T-1] ● Mass and Weight.


Mass is the quantity of matter contained in
Newton’s Second law of motion. a body. It is a scalar quantity. It does not
The law state that, the rate of change of depend on temperature or pressure. Mass of
momentum of a body is directly a body remains the same everywhere in the
proportional to the applied force and the universe ie, mass is independent of location
change in momentum takes place in the For eg:- If a body is taken to moon, its mass
direction of force. won't change.


dp Weight of a body is the force with which
Mathematically, ⃗F  it is attracted towards the center of earth. If
dt
‘m’ is the mass of the body and ‘g’ is the
𝑑𝑝 where k is a constant
𝐹 = 𝑘 𝑑𝑡 , acceleration due to gravity.
and we take k = 1
Weight W = m g.
It is a vector quantity with unit Newton (N).
𝑑𝑝
∴𝐹= Since g varies from place to place, weight
𝑑𝑡
of a body also varies from place to place.
Expression for force from second law. ● Impulsive force
According to second law of motion, ● Large force acting for a short
𝐹=
𝑑𝑝 interval of time is called impulsive
𝑑𝑡
force.
But momentum 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣
𝑑 Eg: (1) Hitting a nail with a
𝐹= (𝑚𝑣)
𝑑𝑡 hammer
𝑑𝑣

𝐹=𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎 (2) Kicking a football
𝑑𝑡
● Impulse (I)
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 Impulse of a force is the product of
the force and the time for which the
❖ Force is a vector quantity whose force acts on the body.
direction is same as that of
ie, impulse, I = force x time
acceleration.

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i.e, I = F dt; where dt is the time for reduced slowly to zero. In this case, the
which the force F acts. Impulse is a time taken for the same change in
measure of the total effect of force. momentum is comparatively large. This
It is a vector quantity with unit Ns makes the impulsive force small.
● Newton's third law
Dimension → [𝑀1 𝐿1 𝑇 −1 ]
According to third law, whenever there
Impulse momentum theorem is an action, there will be an equal and
According to impulse momentum opposite reaction.
theorem, impulse is equal to change in Thus action and reaction are equal and
momentum,. opposite. But they don't cancel each
By Newton’s second law of motion, other because they act on two different
𝑑𝑝
bodies. From Newton’s third law, it is
𝐹= clear that a single isolated force does not
𝑑𝑡

dp = F dt exist.
Eg:-(1) A book lying on a table exerts a
 I = dp or I = p
force equal to its weight on the table in
i.e, impulse = change in momentum the downward direction (action). The
some applications of the concept of table exerts an equal force (reaction) on
impulse the book in the upward direction.

(1) While catching a fast moving ball, a (2) When we walk, we press against the
cricketer lowers his hands. ground in backward direction by our feet
(action). The ground pushes the person
In doing so, he increases the time of
forward with an equal force (reaction).
catch. So, the change in momentum
occurs in a large interval of time. This If a body A exerts a force on B (action)
reduces the impulsive force acting on his then B will exert an equal force on A in
hands and hence injury. the opposite direction(reaction).

(2) A person falling from a certain height Mathematically, FAB = -FBA


receives more injuries when he falls on a The negative sign shown that direction
marble floor than when he falls on a heap of force is opposite. The magnitude of
of sand. force is same.
Reason: while jumping to the marble Equilibrium of a particle
floor, the body stops suddenly. So the
When the net enternal force on the
change in momentum occurs in a very
particle is zero, it is said to be in
short interval of time and this makes
equilibrium.
large impulsive force. On jumping to a
heap of sand, the velocity of the body is

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Law of conservation of Linear F1 = 𝑚2 [


𝑣2 −𝑢2
]
∆𝑡
Momentum
Force exerted by B on A (Reaction),
If the external force acting on a body is
zero, then total momentum of the body F2 = m1 a1
remain constant or conserved. 𝑣1−𝑢1
F2 = 𝑚1 [ ]
∆𝑡
By Newton’s second law of motion ,
By Newton’s third law, F1 = -F2
𝑑𝑝
𝐹= 𝑣2 −𝑢2 𝑣1 −𝑢1
𝑑𝑡
ie,. 𝑚2 [ ] = −𝑚1 [ ]
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
𝑑𝑝
If F = 0, = 0  p = a constant .
𝑑𝑡 𝑚2 (𝑣2 − 𝑢2 ) = −𝑚1 (𝑣1 − 𝑢1 )
Conservation of linear momentum in 𝑚2 𝑣2 − 𝑚2 𝑢2 = −𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚1 𝑢1
the case of two colliding bodies.
On rearranging, we get
Consider the collision of two bodies A
and B of masses m1 and m2 moving with 𝑚1 𝑢1 + 𝑚2 𝑢2 = 𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2
velocities u1 and u2 along a straight line. Total momentum before collision = total
After collision, let them move in the momentum after collision.
same direction with velocity v1 and v2
ie. The total momentum remains
respectively. Let t be the time of
conserved.
contact during collision.
● Motion of a body in a lift
Consider a body of mass m moving in a
lift. Then force acting on the body inside
the lift are
1) The weight of the body (mg) acting
vertically downwards
2) The reaction (R) of the lift acting
vertically upward.

● Case 1
When the lift is stationary or moving up
or down with a uniform velocity (a = 0).
Force exerted by A on B (Action),
Net force acting on the body, F = R-mg
F1 = m2 a2

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0 = R – mg tremendous force on the shot(action). As


a result, the shot will move forward with
R = mg
a great velocity called the muzzle
Apparent weight of the body is equal to velocity. The bullet at the same time
actual weight. exerts an equal force on the gun in
● Case 2 opposite direction (reaction). Due to this,
The lift is moving upward with uniform the gun moves backwards. This
acceleration a backward motion of the gun is called the
recoil of gun
Net force F = R – mg
Let M and m be the mass of the gun and
ma = R - mg
shot respectively. After firing, let V be
R = mg + ma the velocity of gun and v be the velocity
R = m (g + a) of the shot. Then by law of conservation
of momentum,
Apparent weight of the body is greater
than actual weight. momentum after firing = momentum
before firing
● Case 3
The lift is moving downwards with mv + MV = 0
uniform acceleration a.
MV = -mv
Net force F = mg - R −𝑚𝑣
V =
𝑀
ma = mg – R
This is called recoil velocity The -ve sign
R = mg – ma
shows that the gun is recoiling.
R = m (g - a)
Friction
Apparent weight of the body is less than
When one body slides over the surface
actual weight.
of another, there is an opposing force
● Case 4 acting opposite to the direction of
The lift is in free fall (suppose the lift motion. This opposing force is called
cable breaks) friction. This force acts tangential to the
Here a = g surface of contact of the two bodies.
R = m(g-a) = m(g-g) = 0 Friction is defined as the force which
opposes the relative motion between two
The apparent weight is zero. The body
surfaces in contact.
feels weightlessness.
● Types of friction
• Recoil of gun.
1) Static friction (fs).
When a shot is fired from a gun, the The force of friction between two
gases produced in the barrel exerts a surfaces as long as there is no relative

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motion between them. Its magnitude is (b) Rolling friction: The force of friction
equal to the external force which tend to which arises when one body rolls
cause relative motion. over the surface of other.
Limiting friction (fs)max
The maximum value of static friction ● Laws of kinetic friction.
before the body just slides over the surface 1) The kinetic friction has a constant
of another body is called limiting friction. value depending on the native of the
two surfaces in contact.
● Laws of static friction
1) The limiting friction is independent of 2) The force of kinetic friction is called
the area of contact proportional to normal reaction R
2) The limiting static friction is directly fk 𝛼 R
proportional to the normal reaction. fk = k R
(fs)max 𝛼 R where k is called coefficient of kinetic
(fs)max = s R friction.
Which s is a constant called coefficient 3) The force of kinetic friction is
of static friction. independent of the area of contact
3) Force of static friction depends only on 4) The kinetic friction is independent of
the nature of surfaces in contact the relative velocities between the
Note: surfaces
The ratio of limiting value of static friction Note:
(fs)max to the normal reaction R is called 1. Kinetic friction is less than limiting
coefficient of static friction between any friction. Rolling friction is less than
two surfaces. sliding friction.
ie. Coefficient of static friction, 2. The ratio of kinetic friction fk to the
(𝑓𝑠 )𝑚𝑎𝑥
s = normal reaction R between any two
𝑅
2) Kinetic friction (fk) surfaces is called coefficient of
kinetic friction μk
The force of friction which comes into 𝑓𝑘
μk =
play when there is relative motion 𝑅

between two bodies is called kinetic ● Lubrication


friction. Deliberately applying oil or grease to
These are of two types: reduce friction is called lubrication. Oil
or grease are called lubricants.
(a) Sliding friction: This is the friction
between two surfaces when one These lubricant forms a thin layer
body slides over the surface of between the surfaces and the
another irregularities of the surfaces are filled,
thereby reducing friction

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● Angle of friction or repose Note: angle if repose is equal to angle of


The angle of repose is the angle of the friction.
inclined plane at which a body placed of
it just begins to slide.

• Friction is a necessary evil. Explain


Explanation:
● Advantage of friction.
Consider a body placed on a inclined
1) Friction help us to walk on the ground
pane. Gradually increase the angle of
2) Friction help us to held objects
inclination till the body placed on its 3) Friction help in striking matches
surface just begins to slide down. If  is 4) Friction help in driving automobiles
the inclination at which the body just 5) Friction help in stopping a vehicle
begins to slide down, then  is called
angle of repose. ● Disadvantages of friction
1) Friction produces wear and Tear
2) Friction leads to wastage of energy in the
form of heat
3) Friction reduces the efficiency of the
engine.
Steps to Reduce Friction.
1. Polishing the surfaces in contact.
2. Use of lubricants.
3. Ball bearings placed between
moving parts of machine.
The limting friction F acts in upward
● Analysis of circular motion
direction along the inclined plane. When
the body just begins to move, we can
1) Car moving on a level Circular Road
write.
Consider a car moving on a circular level
F = mg sin… (1) road of radius R with a speed v.
From the figure normal reaction, Forces acting on the car are
R = mg cos  ….. (2) 1) Weight (mg) of the car acting vertically
downwards.
Dividing eq (1) by eq (2)
2) The normal reaction (R) of the ground
𝐹 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛
= 𝑚𝑔 cos  acting vertically upwards.
𝑅
3) The force of static friction (fs) between
𝑠 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛……(3) the road and tyres, acting towards the
center of circular path.
 is called angle of repose

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the road with the horizontal is called


angle of banking.

Since the car does not move upwards or


downwards, R= mg ……. (1)
The force of static friction provides the Consider a vehicle of mass m moving on
necessary centripetal force. a banked road of radius r and angle of
banking ‘’. The various force acting on
mv2
fs = the vehicle are.
𝑟

mv2 (i) Weight of vehicle (mg) acting


𝜇𝑠 𝑅 =
𝑟 vertically downwards.
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑠 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑟
R = mg (ii) Normal reaction (R) of the acting
normal to the road.
𝑣2
= 𝑠 𝑔 𝑣 2 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑟𝑔
𝑟 (iii) Force of the static friction (fs)
𝐯 = √𝛍𝐬 𝐫𝐠 acting parallel to the road.

Motion of a Car on a banked Road Since there is no vertical acceleration,


the vertical force is zero. Now from fig.
Consider a vehicle moving along a level
curved road. The vehicle will have a Rcos  = fs sin  + mg
tendency to slip outward. Thus outward R cos  - fs sin  = mg ……. (1)
slip is prevented by frictional force. But
friction cause unnecessary wear and tear. The components R sin and fs cos 
together provides the necessary
Moreover, for a typical value of s and
centripetal force.
r, the maximum speed.
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑣 = √𝜇𝑠 𝑟𝑔 will be very small. These R sin  + fs cos  = ……. (2)
𝑟
defects can be avoided if we raise the Divide (2) by (1)
outer edge. The process of raising the
𝑚𝑣2
outer edge of the curved road above R sin  + fs cos
= 𝑟
R cos  − fs sin  𝑚𝑔
the inner edge is called banking of
roads. The angle made by the surface of R sin  + fs cos 𝑣2
= ……… (3)
R cos  − fs sin  𝑟𝑔

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 167 .

Divide the numerator and denominator of the road is0.2, what is the optimum speed
LHS by R cos  of the car ? (g=9.8m/s2)
R sin  fs cos (1+3+1) [Imp 2020]
R cos 
+
R cos  𝑣2
we get R cos  fs sin  = 𝑟𝑔

R cos  R cos  Ans: Optimum Speed 𝒗𝟎= √𝐑𝐠𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝜇𝑠 𝑣2 𝑓𝑠
1−𝜇𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
=𝑟 𝑅
= 𝜇𝑠 𝑣0 = √300 × 9.8 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛150
𝑔

𝑟𝑔 (𝜇𝑠 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) = 28.1 m/s


𝑣2 =
1−𝜇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
3.) When a moving bus suddenly stops
∴𝑣=√
𝑟𝑔 (𝜇𝑠+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) passengers tends to fall forward. This is
1−𝜇𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
due to .....
This is the maximum permissible speed at (1) [Imp 2020]
which the vehicle car move over a banked
Ans: Inertia of motion
road without skidding.
4.) Newton’s first law of motion describes
Optimum speed (Vo)
the .......... (1) [March 2020]
It is the speed at which a vehicle can move
(a) energy
over a curved banked road without using
unnecessary friction (i.e., s=o). (b) work

𝑉0 = √𝑟𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 (c) inertia


(d) momentum
Previous Questions
Ans: (c) Inertia
1) Using Newton’s second law of motion,
derive the equation 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 5). Circular motion of a car on a banked
(2)[ Imp 2020] road is shown in figure .

Ans: Refer class note.


2) A vehicle of mass is moving on a banked
road of radius r.
a) What are various forces acting on the
vehicle ?
Ans: Refer class note.
b) Obtain an expression for maximum (a) Write the name of forces A, B, C, D in
safe speed of the vehicle on a banked road. the figure.
Ans: Refer class note. Ans: Refer class note
c) A circular road of radius 300m is banked
at an angle of 150. If the cofficient of
friction between the wheels of a car and

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Dream bigger Grow bigger • 168 .

b) Write the equation which equate (b) Two billiard balls each of mass 0.05 kg
forces on the car along horizontal moving in opposite direction with
and vertical direction. speed 6 m/s collide and rebound with
Ans: Refer class note the same speed. What is the impulse
imparted to each ball due to the other?
(c) State the law of static friction.
(1+2) [Imp 2019]
(2+2+1) [March 2020]
Ans: Impulse= Charge in momentum
Ans: Refer class note
Impulse = 0.05 (6- (-6) ) = 0.6Ns
6) State the law of conservation of
linear momentum. 9. A light bullet is fired from a heavy
gun.
(2) [March 2020]
a) Choose the correct
Ans: Refer class note
i. Speed of the gun and the bullet are
7) The static friction comes into play at the equal.
moment the force is applied.
ii. Momenta of the bullet and gun are
(a) Write the relation between static equal in magnitude and opposite in
friction and normal reaction. direction.
Ans: F ≤ 𝜇𝑠 N or (fs)max = 𝜇 sN iii. Momenta of the gun and bullet are
(b) Determine the maximum acceleration equal in magnitude and are in the same
of the train in which a box lying on direction.
its floor will remain stationary, iv. Velocity of gun and bullet are equal.
given that the coefficient of static
a) Ans: (ii)
friction between the box and the
train's floor is 0.15. b) By using a suitable conservation
law in physics, prove your above
Ans: F = 𝜇s N
answer.
ma = 𝜇 s mg
(1+2)[March 2019]
⸫ a = 𝜇 s g = 0.15× 9.8 = 1.47m/s2
Ans: Refer class note
(c)State the laws of limiting fraction
10. Static friction opposes impending
(1+2+2)[Imp2019] motion.
Ans: Refer class note a) Write the mathematical equation
8) A large force acting for a short interval connecting the limiting value of
of time is called impulsive force. static friction with normal reaction.

(a) What is the SI unit of impulse? b) Choose the correct statement

Ans: Ns

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Dream bigger Grow bigger • 169 .

i) Both kinetic friction and static friction The limiting friction F acts in upward
are independent of the area of contact. direction along inclined plane. When the
body just begins to move, we write
ii) Kinetic friction depends on area of
contact, but static friction do not. F = mg sin 𝜃 … …. (1)
iii) Static friction depends on area of N = mg cos  ……… .(2)
contact but kinetic friction do not. 𝐹
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃  𝜇 s = tan 𝜃
𝑁
iv) Both kinetic friction and static friction
depend of the area of contact. 11.The rate of change of total momentum
of a system of many-particle systems is
Ans: (a) (fs)max = s N
proportional to the ............... on the
(b) ( i) system.
c) A mass rests on a horizontal (1) [Imp 2018]
plane. The plane is gradually inclined
i. external force
until at an angle θ with the horizontal,
the mass just begins to slide. Show that ii. a sum of the internal forces
the coefficient of static friction between Ans: ( i) External force
the block and the surface is equal to tan
12. A man jumping out of a slow moving
θ
bus falls forward.
(1+1+3) [March 2019]
a. This is due to.......
Ans:
b. Which Newton’s law gives the above
(c) Consider a body placed on a inclined concept? State the law.
plane. Gradually increase the angle of
c. What is the net force acting on a book
inclination till the body placed on its
at rest on the table?
surface just begins to slide down. If ‘0’
is the angle of inclination at which the (1+2+1)[Imp 2018]
body just begins to slide down, then 𝜃 Ans:
is called the angle of repose.
(a) Inertia of motion
(b) Newton’s first law of motion
(c) Zero
13. To reduce friction and accident by
skidding the roads are banked at
curves.
(1+1+2 Imp 2018]

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a.) What is meant by banking of roads? b) A mass of 6 kg is suspended by a rope


of length 2m from the ceiling. A force of
b). Sketch the schematic diagram of a
50 N in the horizontal direction is
vehicle on a banked road with
friction and mark the various forces applied at the midpoint P of the rope, as
shown. What is the angle, the rope
c.) Derive an expression for the makes with the vertical in
maximum safe speed of a vehicle on equilibrium?(Take g =10ms ) 2

a banked road with friction.


neglect the mass of the rope.
Ans:
a) Refer class note
b)Refer class note
c)Refer class note
14. A gun moves backward when a shot is
fired from it.
a. Choose the correct statement.
i. The momentum of the gun is greater
than that of the shot.
c. What will be the angle made by the
ii. The momentum acquired by the gun
rope with the vertical if its length is
and shot have the same magnitude.
doubled?
iii. Gun and shot acquire the same
(1+3+1[March2018]
amount of kinetic energy.
b. A shell of mass 0.020 kg is fired by a
gun of mass 100 kg. If the muzzle Ans:
speed of the shell is 80 m/s, what is a) Refer class note.
the recoil speed of the gun?
b) Here T1 = mg = 60 N Resolve T1 in
(1+2) [March 2018] to T1 cos  in the vertical direction
Ans: and T1 sin in the horizontal
direction.
a) (iii)
−m𝑉m −0.02×80
b) VR = =
𝑀 100

= -0.016 m/s
15 a) What is the condition for the
Equilibrium of concurrent forces?

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 171 .

a) The law which relates the forces that


two different bodies exert on each other
is..........
. i) Newton's first law
ii) Newton's second law
iii) Newton's third law
iv) Newton's law of cooling
b) 'The man remains stationary'.
Substantiate the statement based on
the various forces acting on the man.
If the system is in equilibrium, the
horizontal and vertical components of c) Explain, how the block moves even
the if the net force on the moving block
is zero, though a net nonzero force
Resultant force must vanish separately
is initially required.
T1 cos  = 60 , T1 sin  = 50
(1+2+3)[Imp 2017]
𝑇1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 50 5
=  𝑡𝑎𝑛 = Ans:
𝑇1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 60 6
5
a) Newton’s Third law of motion.
 = tan-1 (6 ) = 39.80
b) The forces acting on the man are
c) The forces are independent of length.
1) Upward normal force from the
⸫ Angle remains the same.
Floor
16. A man pulls a rope of negligible
2) His weight acting downwards
mass attached to a block. The man wears
shoes that does not slip on the floor. The 3) Force exerted by the rope pulling
block moves towards the stationary man to left.
4) Frictional force of the floor
Pushing the man to right.
The net force acting on the man is zero
c) According to Newton’s first law, a
body remain its initial state, if the net
force is zero. Since the body is moving
initially, it will continue that state.

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 172 .

17. The schematic diagram of the circular a) Refer class note


motion of a car on a banked road is
b) large amount of friction between the
shown in the figure.
road and tiers. By banking of roads
can avoid this.
19. When a horse suddenly starts moving,
the rider fails backward.
[March 2016]
a) Name and state the law used to
explain the above situation.
(2)
b) State the law of conservation of
a. If the centripetal force is provided by the linear momentum and prove it on
horizontal components of ‘N’ and ‘F’ the basis of second law of motion.
arrive at an expression for maximum (2)
safe speed. c) State true or false. (1)
b. The optimum speed of a car on a banked An iron ball and a wooden ball of the
road to avoid wear and tear on its tyres is same radius are released from a height in
given by ................ vacuum; the iron ball will reach the
ground first.
i) √𝑅𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ii)√𝑅𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 iii)√𝑅𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Ans:
iv)√𝑅𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
a) Newton’s first law of motion
(4+1) [March 2017]
b) Refer class note
Ans:
c) False.
a. Refer class note
20. The given graph ABCD shows
b. v0 = √𝑅𝑔 tan 𝜃 variation of force with time for a body
18. A person drives a car along a circular placed on a smooth horizontal
track on a level ground. surface.

a) Derive an expression for the


maximum safe speed of the car.
(2)
b) Why do we give banking to curved
roads? (1) [Imp 2016]
Ans:

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 173 .

a)Using the given graph, state whether the


following statements are true or false. 21. a) State the following statements are
(2) True or False. Correct the statements
i) The force acting on a body along AB if false. (2)
is constant. i. A spring balance gives the mass of a
ii) The force acting on a body along CD body while a common balance gives
is zero. its weight.

b) i) State the law of conservation of ii. If the same force is applied on two
linear momentum. bodies of different masses for the
same time, then the change in
ii) Find the region on the graph at which
momentum of two bodies is the
the body moves with constant
same.
momentum.
(2) b) State Newton’s second law and arrive
at the equation of force.
iii) Draw a momentum time graph for
(2)
the given graph. (1) [Imp
2015] c) A motorcycle and a bus are moving
with same momentum. Which of
Ans:
them has greater kinetic energy?
a) (i) True Justify.
(ii) True (1) [March 2015]
b) (i) Refer class note Ans:
(ii) CD a) (i) False.
(iii) Momentum A spring balance gives the
weight of Body while a common
balance gives the mass of a body.
b) Refer class note.
1
c) Since K.E∝ 𝑚 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 174 .

has greater kinetic energy. (1)


22. Newton formulated the famous laws b) Using the above law, explain:
of motion. (1)
a) Give the significance of Newton’s first i. Impulse – momentum principle
law.
ii. Law of conservation of linear
b) Action and reaction are equal and
opposite, yet they do not cancel each momentum
other. Why? c) A circular racetrack of radius 300 m is
(1 + 1) [Imp 2014] banked at an angle of 15 0 . The
coefficient of friction between the
Ans: wheels of a race car and the road is 0.2.
a) Newton’s first law introduce the Find:
concept of force and inertia. i. The optimum speed of the race car to
b) Because they acts on different bodies avoid wear and tear on its tyres.
(1)
23. Friction is defined as the force which
ii. Maximum permissible speed to avoid
opposes the relative motion between
slipping. (2) [March 2014]
two surfaces in contact.
Ans:
a) Friction is a necessary evil. Explain.
a) Refer class note.
b) What is meant by banking of roads?
b) (i) , (ii) , Refer class note.
c) Obtain an expression for maximum
speed on a banked road without
considering friction.
c) (i) V0 = √𝑅𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
(2+ 1+ 3) [Imp 2014]
= √300 × 9.8 × tan 150
Ans:
= 28.1 m/s
a) Advantages and disadvantages of
𝑅𝑔(𝜇+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)
friction ( Refer class note) ii) Vmax = √
(1−𝜇𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)

b)Refer class note


3009.8(0.2+𝑡𝑎𝑛15)
=√ (1−0.2𝑡𝑎𝑛15)
= 38.13 m/s
c)Refer class note
24. We are familiar with Newton’s laws 25. A Circular track of radius 400m is kept
with Outer edge to make 5 degrees with
of motion.
the horizontal.
a) State Newton’s second law of
a) What do you call this type of
motion
construction of tracks?

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 175 .

b) Obtain an expression for the maximum


permissible speed considering the force
Ans.
of friction.
1) Newton’s first Law of Inertia
c) Calculate the permissible speed of the law
car if the coefficient of friction is 0.2. 2) Conservation Momentum before
of linear collision =
(1+3+2) [Imp 2013]
momentum Momentum after
Ans: collision.
3) Newton’s third Action 
a) Banking of roads law Reaction.
b) Refer to class note 4) Impulse Change in
momentum.
𝑅𝑔(𝜇+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)
c) Vmax = √
(1−𝜇𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)

4009.8(0.2+𝑡𝑎𝑛5)
27. According to Newton’s law of
=√ motion, the force depends on the rate of
(1−0.2𝑡𝑎𝑛5)
change of momentum.
= 33.87 m/s
[March 2013]
26. Match the following.
a. Name the law that helps to measure
[March 2013] force.
Sl.No A B b. Using the above law, deduce an
expression for force.
1 Newton`s Change in
c. A man jumping out of a moving bus
first law momentum
falls with his head forward. What
2 Conservation Action should he do in order to land
of linear Reaction safely.
momentum
Ans.
3 Newton`s Law of
a) Newton`s second law of motion
third law Inertia
b) Refer to class note
4 Impulse Momentum
before c) Run in the direction of bus.
collision= 28. The outer side of a circular track of
momentum radius 200 m is raised to make an
after angle of 15 0 with the horizontal.
collision
a) Which force provides the necessary
centric petal force for a car taking
the circular track?

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 176 .

b) Name the process by which the outer a) State whether the force is external or
side of a curved track is raised a little internal? Justify your answer.
above the inner side.
b) What happens to the linear
c) Using the data provided in this case, momentum when the force is
determine the maximum permissible absent?
speed to avoid skidding c) The motion of a particle of mass m is
(given μ s = 0.25 ). described y = ut +
1
𝑔𝑡 2 . find the
2
[March 2013] force acting on the particle.
Ans. d) Why is it more difficult to rotate a
a) Frictional force stone by tying it to a longer string
than a shorter string?
b) Banking of Roads [March 2012]
𝑅𝑔(𝜇 +𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)
c) Vmax = √ (1−𝜇𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) Ans.
𝑠
a) External, Internal force can`t change
2009.8(0.25+𝑡𝑎𝑛15)
=√ the momentum of a body
(1−0.25𝑡𝑎𝑛15)
b) Becomes constant
= 32.98m/s
1
c) y = ut + 2 𝑔𝑡 2
29. Write the reason for the following:
𝑑𝑦
[Imp 2012] v = 𝑑𝑡 = u + 𝑔𝑡
a) Action and reaction are equal and 𝑑𝑣
a = 𝑑𝑡 = g
opposite. Yet they do not cancel each
other. Force, F = ma =mg
b) A cricketer moves his hands d) More torque is required if length of
backwards while holding a catch. string is longer.
Ans. 31. A thief jumps from the top of a house
with a box of weight 25kg.wt. on his
a) Because they acts on different bodies.
head. What will be the weight of the
b) When a cricketer moves his hands box experienced by the thief during
backwards, the time of catch increases. his downward fall? Justify your
As a result, the force required to stop answer.
the ball can be minimized.
[Imp 2011]
30. According to Newton’s law of motion,
Ans. Weight experienced by thief during
the force depends on the rate of change
downward fall is zero. When a body
of momentum.

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 177 .

comes down with an acceleration (1) [Imp 2011]


`a`
Ans. When a bullet is fired at high speed its
Apparent weight = m(g-a) time of contact with the glass is very
small compared with a stone moving
For a freely falling body, a=g
at a low speed.
 Weight = 0N
35. Banking of road helps to increase the
32. When a short is fired from a gun, the centripetal force and there by increases
dun is moved in the backward the limit of maximum speed of a vehicle
direction. with it can take the curve.
a) State the principle behind it. (1+ 1) [Imp 2011]
b) Prove the principle using Newton’s a) Sketch the schematic diagram of a
second law of motion. vehicle on a banked road and mark
(1+ 2) [Imp 2011] the various forces acting on it.

Ans. b) Give the expression for the maximum


allowed speed of a vehicle on a
a) Law of conservation of linear
banked road with friction.
momentum
Ans. a) Refer to class note
b) Refer class note
b) Refer to class note
33. Friction is a force acting between two
surfaces in contact; when there is a 36. A machine gun fires bullets of mass 40
relative motion between them. g each with a speed of 1200 ms-1 . The
Consider a car moving over a person can hold the gun with a
horizontal road. What will be the maximum force of 144 N. What is the
direction of frictional force acting maximum number of bullets that can
between the road and tyre? be fired per second from the gun?

(1) [Imp 2011] Ans. Impulse I = Ft = Nmv

Ans. As the tyres of car rolls forward, the No: of bullets fixed per second,
part of the tyre in contact of the road 𝐹𝑡
N=
slips backwards. Hence the force of 𝑚𝑣
1441
friction acts in the forward direction N= =3
40 10−3×1200
along the tangent to the surface of the
road and the part of the tyre in contact 37. A man is standing at the centre of a large
flat slab of ice. He can get himself to
34. A stone breaks the window glass into the edge of the slab by spitting or
pieces while a bullet almost pierces blowing air in the forward direction
through the same. Give reason.
(assuming the ice to be frictionless)

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 178 .

[ Imp 2010] b) In free fall a =g


a) Name the principle/law involved in  W` = m(g-a) = 0 N
this. b) A horse cannot pull a cart and
So, the passenger will experience
run in empty space. Why?
weightlessness.
c) With the help of a free body diagram
39. There are different types of forces in
represent the various forces acting on a
nature. We learnt their effects and
vehicle moving on a banked road.
applications. Give the exact reasons for
Neglecting frictional force obtain the the following.
expression for the maximum safe speed
a) Why can’t a horse pull a cart in empty
of the vehicle on the banked road.
space?
Ans.
b) Why are passengers thrown forward
a) Newton`s Third law of motion / Law when a speeding bus stops suddenly?
of conservation of linear momentum.
[March 2010]
b) In empty space, there is no reaction.
Ans. a) i) No change
c) Refer class note
ii) W = m(g+a). Apparent
38. A passenger of mass 30 kg is standing weight is greater than actual weight
in a lift which is moving vertically
b) i) W = m(g+a)
downwards with an acceleration of 1.8
m/s 2. ii) W = m(g-a)
[March 2010] c) W = m(g-a) = 20(9.8-5) = 96N
a) Will the passenger experience decease Actual weight W =mg
or an increase in his weight. Explain?
= 20 9.8
b) What will be the effect if the cable is
=196 N
cut and the lift falls freely?
40. Various forces acting on a car in circular
Ans.
motion through a banked road is
a) He will experience a decrease in his shown.
weight
Apparent weight, W = m(g-a)
= 30 (9.8-1.8)
= 240N
Actual weight W =mg = 309.8=294N
W > W

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 179 .

a) Law of conservation of linear


momentum
−𝑚𝑉𝑚
b) Vr =
𝑀

−15 ×10−3×100
= 2

= -0.75 m/s
42.A child of mass 30 kg is standing inside
a lift.
(a) What happens to the apparent weight of
the child if the lift is moving up with
(a) Write the name of forces A and B. a uniform acceleration?
(1)
(b) A cyclist travelling on a level road
takes a sharp circular turn of radius (b) Write an expression for the apparent
3 m without reducing the speed. The weight of the child. (1)
co-efficient of static friction (c) Find the apparent weight of the child,
between the tyres and the roads is
if the lift is moving down with
0.1. Calculate the maximum
constant acceleration of 5 ms-2.
permissible speed to avoid slipping.
June 2022 (2)
(2 + 3 = 5) (Sep 2021)
Ans.
Ans. a) A → Normal Reaction
a) Apparent weight W` = m(g+a)
B → Centripetal force
Apparent weight is greater than
(f cos + Nsin) actual weight of child
b) Vmax = √𝜇𝑠 𝑅𝑔 = √0.1 × 3 × 9.8 b) W` = m(g+a)
= 1.71 m/s c) W` = m(g-a)
41. A person firing a bullet from a gun = 30(9.8-5) = 144 N
experiences a backward jerk: 43.Banking of roads helps to increase the
(a) Write the principle behind this. (½) limit of maximum safe speed of a
vehicle at a curve.
(b) A bullet of mass 15 g fired with a
velocity of 100 ms-1 from a gun of mass (a) Draw the schematic diagram of a
2 kg. Find the recoil speed of gun. vehicle on a banked road and mark
the various forces acting on it.
June 2022 (1½)
(2)
Ans.

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion


Dream bigger Grow bigger • 180 .

(b) Obtain an expression for the


maximum safe speed of a vehicle at
a banked road with frictional force.
(3)
Ans. a) Refer to class note
b) Refer to class note

Plus 1 Physics Winner’s Coaching Center Laws of Motion

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