Sergio FT Professor
Sergio FT Professor
acute cholangitis
Also called
ascending
cholangitis.
Infection of biliary
tree usually due
20. A Women has Cervical Mass. Asking organism? Ans is HPV to obstruction that
leads to
21. Acute cholangitis case, classic triad explained , stone lodged where>? Cystic ductstasis/bacterial
,
overgrowth.Charc
common bile duct, right hepatic,, intra hepatic ot triad of
22. Gout patient with Peptic ulcer disease, asked drug for acute stage? MOA cholangitis
includes jaundice,
Option; Dysfunction neutrophil chemotaxis, XO inhibiors fever, RUQ
pain.Reynolds
23. Patient is having diet plan… CV says 300 carbohydrates with amino acid. What pentad is Charcot
triad plus altered
process will be increased ? mental status and
A De novo lipid synthesis, B Purine metabolism other were about protein n carbohydrates shock
(hypotension).
metabolism
24. Asthma, Wheezing, given aspirin , what other findings? Nasal polyps
7th july 2022
25. A case children with severe dehydration.. sunken fontaelles,, B.p decreased ,,, due to
what mechanism? Options increase GIT water absorption,, increased surface area
with respect to total body volume, others option were of increased water content
26. Hysterotectomy price is 4200 dollar with SD of 1000 dollar,, what will be found at
95th percentages exact line>? Options 2200,3200,5200,6200,7200 95 % means 2 SD so 1 SD equals to 1000 2
SD will be 2000 so just add 2000+4200
27. ARDs case classic in very small child,, asked caused of hypoxemia?
I marked physiological Pulmonary shunt,, there was one confusing option so when
you come across that ques , check that options,, 3 other option were easily excluded
28. Small glans penis very very small,, figure given same ques in anonymous biopsi where it is mentioned that failure
of fusion is asked so ans should be failure of urogenital folds.
asking defect? Genital tubercles , labioscrotal swelling,, paramesonephritic duct
29. Ovarian torsion case; decreased blood to ovarian vein
30. Experiment done, Oral ectoderm cells migrates and fuse with cell from
neuroectoderm : what is release from that ? Prolactin
31. Doctor wants to pierce needle anterior to SCM , through which muscle ? A
Omohyoid, B mylohyoid
32. Many drugs given,, options were related to digoxin
in the , it was said that what will be result from action of this drug is ? Inhibition of
Na-Ca cotransporter(b/c asking result),, there was option Inhibition of Na-K ATPase,
Direct inhibition
you don’t have to pick this. of
Na+/K+-ATPase.
33. Case of MI due to hypercholesterol, then drug given? Mechanism of action asked..which causes
indirect inhibition
You have to mark on figure (HMG coA – melvanote steps ) of Na+/Ca2+
34. A case of DKA was explained in CV ; what is cause of hyperkalemia in this patient?exchanger. inc
[Ca2+]i leads to
option were challenging,,, right ans is decreased NA-K Pump positive inotropy.
Stimulates vagus
35. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism F.A graph nerve which dec
HR.
36. Polypoid Mass and no organism founds in bladder? Urothelial cancer
37. Kenya patient with terminal hematuria, cause is S.hematobium
38. A Case of Parkinson Syndrome was explained ( tremor at rest, decreased facial
expression). Asked that which or the following has increased activity. On figure you
have to mark on globus pallidius externus
39. A Case of alzehimer memory loss n difficulting remembering anything, aged 65 year.
Due to: Aberrant Proteolytic Cleavage.
40. A experiment ques, alpha synuclein found,, asked where this experiment has been
done ? Substantia nigra
41. Classic CV of CJD ; asked cause ? Prion inclusion something related option
42. 65 year old with increase Prostatic Specific antigen… asked histology? I marked
increased glandular n stromal with nodular thickening.
48. A classic pic showing blood on sulcus of brain,,, CV says patient developed sudden
headache(Subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Blood accumulate where circle of wills is right answer.
49. Lateral sulcus marked,, asked part of thalamus ? Medial geniculate Nucleus
50. A 50 year patient came with different stages of ecchymosis, when asked how they
occurred, patient said I fall onto short tables and falls on wall, then asked which of
the following test will be consistent with diagnosis? 2 option which will find related
to Propioception ,, other were about different unrelated pathways,,, options 1.
Decreased sensation to vibration 2. Finger nose Test.
7th july 2022
51. Figure given, lost sensation on outer thigh. Basically ques was about Meralgia
Paraesthetica. Asked Risk Factor. Ans is Obesity
lateral cutaneous branch of femoral nerve will be affected.
52.
53. Long CV,, in middle of ques,, experiment done for partial nictonic agnonist,,, basically
Partial nAChR agonists have been studied since they seem to be helpful in smoking
asking for varencilcine cessation. The partial agonists are believed to bind to the nAChRs and stimulate the
54. Paclitaxel; tubulin is target release of dopamine in smaller portions than the agonists and therefore compensate for
the absence of nicotine.
55. Long CV, at the end written k gram positive lacent shaped dipplococci,, Drug MOA?
An enzyme that catalyzes a nucleophilic carbonyl substitution reaction necessary for
Transpeptidase cross-linkage of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan.
56. ADHD very very long Case,, asked drug which will target what ? GABA, serotonin,
Glutamine, Dopamine
57. Avoidant Personality disorder Case, Patient is alone doing in college, he doesn’t have
any friend, but says I will make some friends someday. Patient appears restricted.
58. Altriusm Famous PQ
59. Denial Famous PQ
60. A very long ,, patients is worried about upcoming graduation n wedding,,, previously
patient has lateny of 20min to fall asleep.. now has latency for 60-90mins to fall
asleep,,, patient sleep through the cycle normally,,worried ? asked diagnosis Options
Normal response to response , Insomina disorder, Disruptive disregulated Mood
disorder ,, option one option was easily ruled out
61. A long CV in which patient has multiple episodes of delusion hallucination,, asked it
due to ? I marked increased activity in mesolimbic pathway ,, purely positive
symptoms in CV
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62. Factitious disorder case,, patient is putting pressure on doctor to do multiple biopsy
for some cancer,, willing to undergo various painful biopsy…. She was an health
worker
63. Conversion disorder case; Patient developed blurry vision after hearing that his son
has been affected in some pandemic disorders, All examinations were normal
64. Very long cv of anoria nervosa ,, in the whole cv it was said about multiple drugs,, at
last patient was infused with something,, then she developed hypophosphatemia,
hypokalemia,, basically saying all parameters decreased. Diagnosis is Refeeding
Syndrome.
65. Taking monoamine oxidase inhibitor, asking what will happen after this therapy?
Options were: Increased uptake, increase VOMT, decreased degradation by synthetic
Nonselective MAO inhibition which causes inc
neuron, increased norepinephrine synthesis by adrenal medulla. levels of amine neurotransmitters
(norepinephrine, 5-HT, dopamine).
66. A long CV of Narcolepsy: cataplexy was given in simple words like loss of muscle tone
following strong emotional stimulus) then asked what will be necessary to make
history ? Options : Abdominal pain, dizziness , daytime somelence
67. One ques from Gbob solved was about antidepressants discontinuation syndrome..
in CV there were symptom liked increase Electric chock sensations ….other options :
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
68. A very long of Tuberculosis…in middle of CV there was CD count was 150 ml …then
PPT test done ; it was non-conclusive…asked why? Option were: decrease CD4 cells…
BCG vaccination…
69. SSRI taking , 2 weeks later ? Are you having concern about this drug PQ
70. Lithium toxicity: nephrogenic DI case PQ
71. Mother taking Polysubstance is pregnant. At present 16th weeks of gestation she is
on nicotine patch …then fetus develop; ilea atresia, limb reduction and procephalon
cyst…asked due to what? Cocaine, caffeine , opioid. I marked Cocaine b/c
vasoconstrictor. Look for nicotine patch option. May be I miss that option
72. Opioid Intoxication case…dose was 1 hour ago…respiratory rate 4 only….asking
parameters:
A; pH: 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, HCO3 24 marked A b/c dose was 1 hour ago, there no
metabolic compensation has happened.
B; pH 7.30, PaCO2 60 mmHg, HCO3 31
73. Brain figure showing holoprosencephaly and CV saying cleft palate ? Asking gene:
SHH gene
74. Fetus was born that polydraminos and classic presentation of clubfoot asking defect
due to : deformation
75. Abdominal pain , dermatitis, corn based diet ? Which vitamin Niacin N3
7th july 2022
Ascorbic acid facilitates iron absorption by forming a chelate with ferric iron at acid pH that remains soluble at the
alkaline pH of the duodenum.
76. A patient having menopausal bleed. CV mentions that iron supplements was
given…then asking that micronutrients given…which help in which step ? Synthesis of
collagen b/c vit c increase iron absorption, other options include various steps
covered by vitamins
77. Experimental question: A drug given before phenylephrine, decreased 25% dose
response even after increased phenylephrine dose? Due to inverse agnosim of
alpha1, competitive antagonism of alpha 1, allosteric activator of alpha1. (I marked
inverse agonism of alpha1)
78. Experimental question: non virion vs virion …virion has increased uptake of DNA in
cell. Researcher who is doing experiment continuing study in non virion b/c of what?
two confusing options: decrease plasma membrane destruction , decrease
insertational mutagenes(marked this)
79. ACE inhibitors: Decreased B.P , Increase Creatinine , Increase K
80. ACE inhibitors: Increase Renin , Decrease Aldosterone, decrease Angiotensin II
81. G6PD Deficiency: Reduced NADPH, Reduced Glutathione and Present Sulfhydryl
group
82. Hypovolemic Shock classic case : Decreased Preload , Increased SVR
83. Another Hypovolemic Shock : Decrease Pulse pressure, Decrease CVP , increased SVR
84. 6 Membrane receptor with ATP : transport of solute across membrance
85. First serology tier, case of Lyme disease saying what should be plated at ELISA plate ?
IgM from diseased(marked this) , IgG from diseased, IgM from control , IgG from
control , something other options was there
86. Mother comes to doctor and says that vaccine are not important or I don’t want my
child to be vaccinated…and also she says that my child has not be diagnosed with
vaccine preventable disease. What is correct for this scenario? Underdiagnosed
may be this but not confirmed
vaccine illness(marked this) , herd immunity, eradication of vaccine related disease.
if there is any past
history of radiotherapy
87. Long CV says that dilation of all chamber of heart.Distant silhouette.
or indirectly cancer
treatment history then
Options: Amyloidosis, radiation fibrosis, endomycardial fibrosis , rheumatic fever …..CV
answer should be include no any concern for any related option. Ans should be Rheumatic fever leading to
radiation fibrosis otherwise
it is rheumatic fever. Myocaridits. Do Confirm
88. Ischemic colitis case explained : risk factor , Patent foramen ovale , Atrial fibrillation,
HTN
89. A ECG was given…. It was looking like Ist AV block to me …then very vague symptoms
like shorts of breath… drug given, where will it act? AV Node , His Bundle , right
bundle , left bundle
90. Long CV: inguinal hernia repair done then saying that poorly Healed incision with
draining fluid is seen saying what is defective? Collagen , fibrillin, elastin , laminin
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91. Cut incision on hand, which of the following will be first step? Platelet aggregation,
reepithelization , fibrin deposit, mononuclear infiltrate
92. CV says that hypopigmented area on back and cardiac rhabhyoma histology was
Hamartomas in CNS and skin,
given, basically case of Tuberous sclerosis asking gene? TSC angiofibromas
C , mitral regurgitation, ash-leaf spots
93. Pancreas tail carcinoma , asking which vein will drain ? Spleen vein D, cardiac rhabdomyoma, intellectual
disability, renal angiomyolipoma E ,
94. Long CV of hepatic cirrhosis, capsut Medusa.Asking for collateral ? seizures, shagreen patches.
Paraumbilical vein and superficial epigastric vein , There was also option for
hemorrhoids collateral i.e superficial Rectal vein and inferior rectal vein…but question
was asking for capsut Medusa.
95. There was Painful mass around anus …then asked for nerve innnveration ? Pudendal
nerve b/c somatic…other options were about visceral afferents , clunial nerve
96. Patient has Epigastric tenderness , asking for pain taken by ? Celiac ganglion
97. Baby was born, his shoulder was stretched by vaginal delivery …he presented with
pronation and medial rotation, asking about muscle who’s innervation will remain
intact ? Biceps brachii, tricep brachii , deltoid , supraspinatus, infraspinatus
98. Long CV saying that decrease tricep reflex, ques was also explaining related to C7
innervation defect. Asking root C7 is ans …other options C5, C6 ,C8, T1
99. CV saying that patient has multiple episode of VZV, herpes 1 n 2.. 4 years ago he also
episode of CMV something …asking what is defective in that ? Options were
segmented neutrophils, CD4 T cells , C1 complent inhibitors
100. A patient is taking emctribance and tenofovir for hepatic B ? Asking which they
Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to
will inhibit ….I marked viral reverse transcriptase.reverse transcriptase and terminate the DNA
chain (lack a 3 OH group). Tenofovir is a
nucleoTide; the others are nucleosides. All IL-4 stimulates IgE
101. Allergic Rhinitis case explained ….now mediator needasked? IL-4,toIL,-1
to be phosphorylated be active., Tgf-B ,
production.
102. Fever followed by Maculopapular rash. Posterior auricular lymphadenopathy:
HHV-6 ….No rubella in option.
103. Long CV about dengue, retrooribtal headache, decreased platelet, arthralgia. Pic
was given of ecchymosis Options were CMV , Zika ,dengue….actually question ma
axillary lymphadenopathy bh tha…but I ignored b/c classic dengue case….and
chickenguyuma was not in option
104. One ques was on EBV but I forget…doable
105. Nurse received all 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine , accidentally prick …now we will
check for what anitbodies ? Antibody against surface antigen
106. IgM positive for Hep E …Famous PQ
107. Wild berries…camper …giadria lambia
108. Acute pericarditis CV explained. Pain increases on lying down….you will look for
what? Rub , murmer , click , S3 , S4
7th july 2022
127. A kidney picture was there …it seemed enlarged kidneys. Ans is Hydronephrosis.
133. Classic midgut malrotation : X ray given , asked what normal process is impaired
in this patients ? Counterclockwise rotation of SMA around Midgut
134. Pompes disease: What is deposited in hepatocytes? Glycogen
135. Pompes diseases: where will accumulation occur? Lysosomes
136. Classic case of nephrotic syndrome: pedal edema given , total album 1.2
Massive proteinuria (>
3.5 g/day)
only…hepatomegaly given , increased total cholesterol? Why …due to increased
with edema,
hypoalbuminemia
hepatic synthesis, increase excretion of HDL in urine
causes inc hepatic
lipogenesis
137. PNH case: cola colorured urine in morning , increase hemosiderin. Defect?
which leads to
hypercholesterolemia
Complement inhibitors
Frothy urine with fatty 138. Case of AML, all symptoms of anemia , leukocytes deficiency, ,
casts
Associated with
hypercoagulable
thrombocytopenia, peripheral blood smear shows blast cell? Cause Is malignancy,
state due to antithrombin
III loss in urine and inc
autoimmune destruction, alloimmune destruction
risk of
infection (loss of IgGs in 139. Classic case of rheumatic arthritis …osteopenia, narrow joint spacing,
urine
and soft tissue subcutaneous nodules , very stiffness of hand in morning? Due to formation of
compromise by
edema). pannus
7th july 2022
159. A patients comes with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. In the last patient was
given propanol then asking another drug we will add, what is mechanism of action of
that drug ? Options 1. Inhibition of thyroglobulin hydrolysis 2.inhibition of 5-
deiodoniase 3. inhibtion of the iron..4. inactivation of TSH 5. Inhibition of 3 deamiase
gamaa Carboxylation something.
160. Classic history of whorled pattern given …no need to read the case…Meningioma
161. Very very Long CV. Patient has exposure of Pet dogs… CV also explain that he has
not had exposure to Cats…comes with symptoms of ulcer at lesion site , then axillary
lymphadenopathy… options were bartonella hanselae…Francisco tularemia….I was
Propylthiouracil: Block thyroid peroxidase, inhibiting the oxidation of iodide as well as the organification and
coupling of iodine leads to inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis. PTU also blocks 5-deiodinase
causes dec Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.
7th july 2022
very confused b/c presentation was giving kill for Cat scratch disease… but CV clearly
says that he hasn’t exposure to cat.
in exam P50 value is 162. Mutation of cytochrome C has been been…what will be it’s effect?
mentioned if after mutation
p50 decreases then O2Increased affinity for oxygen uptake, decrease affinity for oxygen uptake, overall
affinity increases should be
increased efficacy or efficiency of ETC…other 2 options were related to ist step of ETC.
picked but if after mutation
p50 increases then O2
affinity decreases and 163. A very long CV , patient comes with 4 hour pain for left flank tenderness. He has
if there is no any p50 value
nausa vomiting…and he has not voided for while…CV explains that this person
given then pick simply decrease
affinity for oxygen uptake.
develop pyelonephritis 4 years ago…on examination left costovertebral tenderness
also given.. then asking what drug will be given at this? I thought of ureter calculi
Options: Antibiotics, thiazide diuretics, alkalization…no option related to nsaids… other
options forget
164. A mother to doctor with her baby, doctor ask that your child shoudle be given
influence vaccine…she says no b/c vaccine will make child sick … what will be your
response ? Why do you think that it will sick your child ? Very clear options.
165. Power 0.80 , P value = 0.06 ? Long CV in the end it was written
Options 1. Null hypothesis rejected , beta 0.20 , alpha 0.05
2. Null hypothesis retained, beta 0.20, alpha 0.05
165. patient comes with her husband. We doctor saw patient has different stage of
ecchyomosis, after her husband goes out of room…doctor response after intial remark ?
Options 1. I routinely come across this situation, it is normal. Do you feel safe at home? 2. Do
you feel feel to go home today ? Other options were very judgemental.. I picked 2 b/c 1 seems
like abuse is very common
166. Lumbosacral radiculopathy ques…patient has decreased sensation on lateral leg, and
difficult in planterflexion…what would be lost ? S1 radiculopathy…. Options were 1. Absent
ankle tendon reflexes 2.gastroneumics atrophy Weakness of plantar flexion
Difficulty in toe walking disc level herniation at L5-S1
dec Achilles reflex affected nerve root is S1
167. Trochanteric bursitis case … no recall…but it was easy to diagnose…other options were
very away(Same case as in UWorld) uw ques 20099
168. CMV retinitis case explained …patient is hiv positive? Drug given MoA DNA polymerase
Cidofovir: Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase. this is also used in foscarnet: Viral DNA/RNA polymerase inhibitor
CMV retinitis pts with immunocompromised. and HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor. used
169. Colomba of iris was explained. Cause is? Failure of choroid fissure. in CMV retinitis in immunocompromised
patients when ganciclovir fails;
acyclovir-resistant HSV
170. Herpes zoster case was explained.. Fluorescence was explained…excessive tearing
MECH ANISM Nonabsorbable phosphate binder that prevents phosphate absorption
…stained is due to ? Cornea, iris, anterior chamber from the GI tract.
phosphate binder drug name is sevelamer CLINIC AL USE Hyperphosphatemia in CKD.
ADVERSE EFFECTS Hypophosphatemia, GI upset.
171. Phosphate binder was given in Chronic Kidney Disease? Then asked mechanism of action
how it will decrease mortality …1. Increased absorption of Ca 2. Increase resistance to PTH on
PCT. 3. Increase PTH Decrease GI absorption of phosphate
CHARGE syndrome: Coloboma of the iris is a hole or Colobomas of the iris or ciliary body
Coloboma of eye defect of the iris of the eye. result from failures of complete
Heart defects Most colobomas are present anterior closure, while colobomas of
Atresia of choanae since birth (congenital). A cat the choroid, retina or optic nerve
Restricted growth and development eye is a type of coloboma. Any result rom failures of posterior
Genitourinary defects defect in the iris that allows light closure. Coloboma of the lens is due
Ear defects to enter the eye, other than to defective or absent development
through the pupil, is called a of the zonules in any segment.
coloboma.
7th july 2022
172. Central DI case explained…Motor vehicle collisions.. then asked about ADH and plasma
osmolarity on graph ? Had to mark on low ADH and High plasma osmolarity
173. A pic given , I saw staghorn calculi …clearly visible. asked which stone ?
Uric acid, cysteine , struvite , calcium acetate
174. Construction builder collapse : ATN …Tubular casts PQ
175. Another ATN due to hypovolemic shock …long CV … then asking what will be found?
Brown granular cast. muddy brown cast
177. Another ATN due to something else I don’t recall… then asking what will be find in tubule
? Sloughing of epithelium
178. A patent came with road traffic accident, bruise over left flank tenderness… ATN
develop….I saw Creatine kinase is 76000 very high…. Then asked why it develop? ATN due to
myoglobinuria, direct injury to kidney
179. A GERD patient explained. Drug given…patient develop hypomagnesemia…basically
mechanism of PPI on graph ? Had to mark on H-K ATPase.
180. A patient women comes is having 26 day of menses. She has unprotected sex with 10
different male partners… she took emergency contraceptive pill on 10th day of menses. What is
mechanism of action of that drug? 1. Inhibition of ovulation 2. Prevent entry of ovum due to
transport defect in fallopian tube 3.produces local informatory reaction toxic to sperm….I pick
A b/c saying pill …it is very true that “ IUD is very emergency contraception…but I didn’t pick
option of MOA of IUD…b/c pill
181. Patient came with unilateral testicular swelling… On U/S there was aneochoc cyst was
found around testis…Hydrocele case… asked due to what? Failure of obliteration of process
vaginalis …options were very away …appealing . incomplete obliteration of process vaginalis.
191. Something acetylation was done…. Experimental question? What will happen. 1. Decrease
chromatin packing 2. Increase nuclear transcription factors….I marked 1. acetylation causes decreases chromatin
packing as heterochromatin will be converted
into euchromatin so that translation can occur.
192. A patient has been diagnosed with appendicitis, in the end microscopy was done ? I saw
swollen appendix with neutrophils infiltrate, red. Factor responsible? Histamine, leukotriene ,
Thromboxane A2.
193. A patient 16 years old had trauma comes….when CT scan done …on CT there was
horseshoe kidney It is due to fusion of metonephric duct.
194. Tyrosine receptor kinase mechanism explained? Asked about which will mediate though
this? Insulin other growth factors which bind to tyrosine kinase are PDGF, EPO, EGF.
195. Adenomatous Polyp seen. Family history of colon cancer Explained. Due to? A inactivation
of beta catenin, B direction of mismatch repair APC is Negative regulator of -catenin/WNT pathway and it is associated
with familial adenomatous polyposis (colorectal carcinoma).
197. Based on only histology. Orphan annie seen, Papillary Pattern (CV says that thyroid
excised lump found with no any lymphadenopathy) picture was somewhat similar to this
223. Patient was diagnosed with polydraminos after birth cyanosis…due to failure of bronchial
bud n trachea (TEF)
224. Experimental question: CV says that in absence of oxygen, microbicidal or substance from
leukocyte is formed…what is that ? Lysozyme is ans…other options was Myeloperoxidase,
Catalase , lactoferritin , defensin.
225. Scabies : web excriotaion between finger….Nurse home PQ
226. WT1 …wilms tumor , aniridia
227. Growth hormone : Rat on Treadmill
228. IGF1 resistance: IGF1 Inc, growth Inc
229. 80 year old men present with pain in upper throacic , lower lumbar area..He has
Ankllosing spondylitis history.. several year ago he was infected with syphilis. He smoke one
packet daily for 50 years…CT given ; showing crescent sign ( abdominal aortic aneurysm). Risk
factor asked for this ? Options A Due to severity of Ankllysoing spondylitis, B due to history of
syphilis C. Due to Smoked ( picked C )… CT crescent sign pic is from old nbme.
Associated with transmural (all 3 layers)
inflammation and extracellular matrix
degradation. Risk factors include tobacco use,
inc age, male sex, family history. May present as
palpable pulsatile abdominal mass (arrows in
A point to outer dilated aortic wall). Rupture
may present as triad of pulsatile abdominal
mass, acute abdominal/back pain, and
resistant hypotension. Most often infrarenal
(distribution of vasa vasorum is reduced).
230.
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231.
232.
233. CREST Syndrome Case. Anticentromere antibody given. Asked what is pathophysiology?
Limited scleroderma—limited skin involvement confined to fingers and face. Also with
Ans is Deposition of collagen in dermis CREST syndrome: Calcinosis cutis C , anti-Centromere antibody, Raynaud phenomenon,
Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasia. More benign clinical course.
234. Case of Achondroplasia explained. Ans; Fibroblast growth factor Failure of longitudinal bone growth (endochondral
ossification) cause short limbs. Membranous
ossification is not affected causing large head relative
to limbs. Constitutive activation of fibroblast
235. Another same case of achondroplasia. Ans; Fibroblast growth factor growth factor receptor (FGFR3) actually inhibits
chondrocyte proliferation. > 85% of mutations
occur sporadically; autosomal dominant with full
236. A case explaining alcohol use disorder. Patient has smell of alcohol on breath. ALT raised penetrance (homozygosity is lethal). Associated
with inc paternal age. Most common cause of
and gamma GGT raise? Asked what will be most consistent with this disorder? Ans is Gamma short-limbed dwarfism.
GGT raised
237. Case explaining that patient has greasy stool and increase fat in stool. Patient has cystic
fibrosis
Treatment asked? Pancreatic Enzyme supplements
Systemic sclerosis. Triad of autoimmunity, noninflammatory vasculopathy, and collagen deposition
with fibrosis. Commonly sclerosis of skin, manifesting as puffy, taut skin A without wrinkles,
fingertip pitting B . Can involve other systems, eg, renal (scleroderma renal crisis; treat with ACE
inhibitors), pulmonary (interstitial fibrosis, pulmonary HTN), GI ( dec peristalsis and LES tone causes
dysphagia, heartburn), cardiovascular. 75% female.
7th july 2022
238. Case explaining that patient is experiencing severe symptoms of anaphylaxis. Most
consistent marker?
Ans is Tryptase
239. Patient was experiencing symptoms of Esophagitis. He was also taking multiple drug like
statin, Alderonate, and many other. Asked that what drug caused that and mechanism?
Osteoclast Inactiavtion
240. Patient was taking thiazide drug. He develops muscle cramps. Asked due to? Potassium
241.
242. Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head X-ray given. Case was also explained. Asked it is due
to interruption of which artery? Ans is Medical circumflex artery
243. Patient has Polycthemia vera symptoms like facial plethora. Hematocrit 60. CV further
explains symptoms of budd chiari syndrome. Then asked due to? JAK2 Gene mutation,
Autonomous EPO Production
7th july 2022
244. Ethics ques; patient came first time in hospital. He was lying on his belly with his hand on
it. He was very anxious. After intial remark and saying hello, what will be doctor response? A
Are you nervous b/c of first time visit B. What kind of pain you are feeling?
245. Pedigree given. It was like no father to son transmission. CV explains that many patient of
family has bilateral hearing loss. Examination shows normal external auditory meatus and
shiny tympanic membrance. Patient also had sepsis. I marked X Linked may be alport syndrome
246. Another Pedigree of X linked disorder. You have to pick option like no father to son
transmission therefore X linked.
Bother pedigree were very tough. It looked 5 minutes each to interpret. Gentics :p
247. Hidradenitis Supprativa case; Female patient has recurrent tender mass in axilla, foul
smelling, sinus tract formed
248. Patient has colon cancer. Father and grandfather has colon cancer. Sister n mother had
endometrial cancer
asking diagnosis? Lynch Syndrome
249.
250. Patient has Increased Fasting glucose. Asking why? Increased Gluconeogenesis
Other option were like decreased ketone, decrease leptin, increase insulin
251. Lipopolysachharide and Saline were mixed. Then asking which mediate will be released or
increased?
Intferon a, Interferon b, Interferon gamma, IL-1beta
7th july 2022
254. Experiment done, we increased arginine content on insulin, that increased packing and
decrease water content. It formed he Neutral Hagedorn. Question was on crystal clear as I
explained. Then graph given how will it work? Picked C it was decreasing blood glucose level by
7th july 2022
255. Ques based on acetycholine response and miosis. Neostigmine given? Graph given
257. Patient developed Retinblastoma. Now asked that mutation of gene(Rb gene) causes
upregulation of cycle in which phase(simply DNA synthesis puch rha tha). Ans is S phase
258. Patient has developed symptoms of celiac disease like bloating, flatulence. Then given pic
of herptiform dermatitis on shins asked? Deposition of IgA at tip of papillae.