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Migration involves the movement of people either internally within a country or externally to a different country, influenced by push and pull factors. Kazakhstan has seen a significant influx of migrants, with 2.7 million arrivals in early 2023, primarily from Uzbekistan, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan, due to its resource-rich environment and higher economic opportunities compared to neighboring countries. The document outlines various types of migration, including economic, forced, and rural to urban migration, while highlighting Kazakhstan's attractive pull factors such as free trade agreements and a higher Human Development Index.

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8 views4 pages

Humanities Planner

Migration involves the movement of people either internally within a country or externally to a different country, influenced by push and pull factors. Kazakhstan has seen a significant influx of migrants, with 2.7 million arrivals in early 2023, primarily from Uzbekistan, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan, due to its resource-rich environment and higher economic opportunities compared to neighboring countries. The document outlines various types of migration, including economic, forced, and rural to urban migration, while highlighting Kazakhstan's attractive pull factors such as free trade agreements and a higher Human Development Index.

Uploaded by

aahigaminggg
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Migration: The movement of people from one place to another

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/introduction-to-human-migration/
Internal migration: Moving from one place to another within a country/state/place
External migration: Moving to a different country
Immigration: Moving to a new country
Emigration: Moving out of a country
Push factors: Reasons to move away from a country
Pull factors: Reasons to move to a country

Economic migration: Moving somewhere new due to greater economic opportunity there.
Examples include better wages, job opportunities, better quality of life, or cheaper living.
https://www.striking-women.org/module/types-migration/economic-migrants

Rural to urban migration: People moving from a rural, less dense place to an urban area in
which the
Forced migration: Moving to a different country involuntarily due to issues such as war,
conflict, and discrimination
Refugee: People that are forced to flee their homes to escape violence, persecution, war,
conflict, and/or discrimination.
https://www.unhcr.org/refugees
Asylum seeker: Someone that is seeking protection and living in another country to flee
persecution, discrimination based on race and/or religion, or for war and conflict.
https://www.unhcr.org/asylum-seekers#:~:text=An%20asylum%2Dseeker%20is%20someone%
20who%20intends%20to%20seek%20or,final%20decision%20on%20their%20claim.

Country I’m doing: Kazakhstan

20% of Kazakhstan is immigrant-populated, since 2022.


https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/wmr-2022-interactive/

2.7 million migrants came to Kazakhstan in the first quarter of 2023.


Majority of total arrivals are Uzbeks (40%), Russians (26%), and Kyrgyzstan (23%)
https://reliefweb.int/report/kazakhstan/overview-migration-situation-kazakhstan-quarterly-report-j
anuary-march-2023

Pull factors to Kazakhstan:

-Resource-rich environment, lots of energy jobs


-Similar culture for neighboring Central Asia countries looking for foreign opportunity, so
Kazakhstan is easier to integrate in

-Kazakhstan has free trade agreements with the FTA, EAEU, and the WTO

-Kazakhstan has an HDI of 0.802 and $11,492 USD GDP, which are significantly higher than the
figures for neighboring countries like Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and parts of Russia, so the country
looks attractive to those people

Graph planning:

-Pie chart of percentages of ethnicities of migrants into Kazakhstan (from report data)

-Net migration of Kazakhstan showing significant increase since the massive negatives of the
90s USSR regime

Bibliography
BBC. “Urban Growth - Urbanisation - Edexcel - GCSE Geography Revision - Edexcel.” BBC

Bitesize, 2021, www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zwtqnbk/revision/1.

Hunter, Nancee. “Introduction to Human Migration.” Education.nationalgeographic.org, 23 Feb.

2024, education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/introduction-to-human-migration/.

IOM. “World Migration Report 2022.” IOM UN MIGRATION, 2022,

worldmigrationreport.iom.int/wmr-2022-interactive/.

IOM, SDC. “Overview of the Migration Situation in Kazakhstan — Quarterly Report (January –

March 2023) - Kazakhstan | ReliefWeb.” Reliefweb.int, 3 June 2023,

reliefweb.int/report/kazakhstan/overview-migration-situation-kazakhstan-quarterly-report

-january-march-2023.
Olcott, Martha. “Kazakhstan’s Soviet Legacy.” Carnegieendowment.org, 30 Nov. 2011,

carnegieendowment.org/posts/2011/11/kazakhstans-soviet-legacy?lang=en.

privacyshield.gov. “Kazakhstan - Trade Agreements | Privacy Shield.” Www.privacyshield.gov,

www.privacyshield.gov/ps/article?id=Kazakhstan-Trade-Agreements#:~:text=Kazakhsta

n%20is%20a%20signatory%20of.

Rees, P. “Internal Migration - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.” Www.sciencedirect.com,

2010, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/internal-migration.

stat.gov.kz. “The Migration of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan (January-March

2024).” Stat.gov.kz,

stat.gov.kz/en/industries/social-statistics/demography/publications/159621/. Accessed 15

May 2024.

Striking Women. “Economic Migrants | Striking Women.” Striking-Women.org, 2012,

www.striking-women.org/module/types-migration/economic-migrants.

UN Population Division. “Net Migration - Kazakhstan | Data.” Data.worldbank.org, 2022,

data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.NETM?locations=KZ.

UNDP. “Human Development Insights.” Human Development Reports, United Nations, 8 Sept.

2022, hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights#/ranks.

UNHCR. “Asylum-Seekers.” UNHCR,

www.unhcr.org/asylum-seekers#:~:text=An%20asylum%2Dseeker%20is%20someone%

20who%20intends%20to%20seek%20or.

UNHCR. “Forced and Unlawful Displacement.” UNHCR, June 2010,

https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/4794b2d52.pdf

UNHCR. “Refugees.” UNHCR, www.unhcr.org/refugees.


Zahid, Rehan. “Rural-Urban Migration: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions.” Iqbal Institute of

Policy Studies – IIPS, 31 July 2023,

iips.com.pk/rural-urban-migration-causes-consequences-and-solutions/.

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