3

Biology 8G
Checkpoint Revision 3

1 Fig. 1.1 shows some cells from the lining of the trachea.

mucus
cilia

cell membrane

nucleus

goblet cell

Fig. 1.1
(a) Describe the functions of the nucleus and cell membrane.

nucleus .....................................................................................................................................

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cell membrane ..........................................................................................................................

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(b) The cells in Fig. 1.1 form a tissue.

Define the term tissue.

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(c) The goblet cell secretes mucus. Describe the role of mucus and cilia in the trachea.

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2 Fig. 1.1 is a photomicrograph of a leaf of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis.

Fig. 1.1

(a) Name A to E.

A ...............................................................................................................................................

B ...............................................................................................................................................

C ...............................................................................................................................................

D ...............................................................................................................................................

E ...........................................................................................................................................[5]
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows a cell from region B of the leaf shown in Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.2

Use the letters from Fig. 1.2 to complete Table 1.1.

Write one letter only in each box to identify the function. You may use each letter once, more
than once or not at all.

Table 1.1

function letter from

Fig. 1.2
controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

exerts a pressure to help maintain the shape of the cell

produces sugars using light as a source of energy

withstands the internal pressure of the cell

controls all the activities of the cell

[5]
(c) The enzyme catalase is found in lettuce leaves.

A student investigated the activity of this enzyme by grinding some lettuce leaves and adding
them to a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The volume of oxygen produced was measured until
the reaction stopped.

The student’s results are shown in Fig. 1.3.

× × × × ×
6 ×
×
×
×
5 ×
volume of oxygen
collected / cm3 4 ×

3
×
2

0×
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
time / s

Fig. 1.3

(i) Describe the results shown in Fig. 1.3. You will gain credit if you use the data in your
answer.

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3 Fig. 1.1 shows an animal cell and a plant cell as seen with a light microscope.

animal cell plant cell

Fig. 1.1

(a) Table 1.1 shows some structural features of the animal cell and the plant cell in Fig. 1.1.

Complete the table by

• finishing the row for nucleus

• adding three structural features, visible in Fig. 1.1, and indicating whether they are
present (✓) or absent (✗) in the animal cell and in the plant cell.

Table 1.1

structural feature animal cell plant cell

cell wall ✗ ✓

nucleus

[4]
(c) Magnesium is a plant nutrient. Scientists think that magnesium is involved in the transport
of sucrose from the leaves to the rest of a plant.

(i) Name the tissue that transports magnesium in plants.

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The scientists grew some tomato plants with their roots in a solution that contained all the
mineral nutrients that plants require. After a while, the plants were divided into two groups.

• Group A continued to receive the solution containing all the nutrients.

• Group B received a solution that did not contain any magnesium.

After 12 days, measurements were made on the leaves and the results are shown in Fig. 1.2.

3.5 120

3.0 100
rate of movement of 2.5 sucrose concentration
sucrose out of the leaves in the leaves 80
/ arbitrary units 2.0 / arbitrary units
60
1.5
40
1.0

0.5 20

0.0 0
A B A B
group group

Fig. 1.2

(iii) The plants in Group B remained in the magnesium-deficient solution for longer than
12 days. At the end of this time they showed symptoms of magnesium deficiency.

Describe and explain the symptoms that the plants would show.

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Small sections of DNA in 14 species of cicada found in Australia, New Caledonia and New
Zealand (1 to 14) were examined for similarities and differences.

The results of the DNA examination of these species were used to make a diagram
showing how these cicada species may have evolved. Species that are closely related are
grouped together on the right of Fig. 1.2.

The brackets show that the cicada species in New Zealand are in two separate groups.

1
2
3
New Zealand
4
5
6

7
New Caledonia
8

9
the Australia
ancestral 10
species 11
of these New Zealand
cicada 12

13
Australia
14

Fig. 1.2
 (d) It is suggested that the eight cicada species in New Zealand originated from two
migrations, A and B, from Australia as shown in Fig.1.3.

New Caledonia

key
Australia
ralia migration A
migration B

New Zealand

Fig. 1.3

Explain how the results in Fig. 1.2 support the idea that the eight cicada species in New
Zealand originated from two migrations of cicadas as shown in Fig. 1.3.

You can use the numbers from Fig. 1.2 in your answer.

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Islands in the Pacific have been colonised by populations of animals that have migrated
from Australia, mainland Asia and the Americas. Over many generations these populations
have changed. Now they are unable to breed with animals of the original populations in
Australia, mainland Asia and the Americas.

(e) Explain how natural selection has resulted in changes in the populations of animals on
islands in the Pacific.

[4]