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Chemistry

The document consists of a series of chemistry questions aimed at Grade 8 students, covering topics such as the Periodic Table, atomic theory, ionic and covalent bonding, and properties of elements. It includes tasks like completing sentences, naming elements, drawing diagrams, and explaining concepts related to atomic structure and chemical reactions. The questions also touch on historical theories and the organization of the Periodic Table.

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Mercy Meuriel
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12 views3 pages

Chemistry

The document consists of a series of chemistry questions aimed at Grade 8 students, covering topics such as the Periodic Table, atomic theory, ionic and covalent bonding, and properties of elements. It includes tasks like completing sentences, naming elements, drawing diagrams, and explaining concepts related to atomic structure and chemical reactions. The questions also touch on historical theories and the organization of the Periodic Table.

Uploaded by

Mercy Meuriel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade: 8 Chemistry

1 The diagram shows the position of some elements in the Periodic Table.

(a) Complete the following sentence. The elements in the Periodic Table are arranged in order of ____.
(b) Name an element shown in the diagram that is:
(i) a metal (ii) a halogen
(c) (i) Name two elements in the diagram that react together to form an ionic compound.
(ii) Draw a dot and cross diagram for the ions in the compound formed in (c) (i).
Show only the outer electrons. Include the charge on each ion.

2 (a) The table shows some properties of four substances, A, B, C and D.


Complete the table by giving the correct type of structure of each substance.
You may use each structure once, more than once or not at all.

(b) (i) Describe how magnesium atoms and chlorine atoms form magnesium ions and chloride ions.
(ii) Draw a diagram to represent the electronic configurations of each of the ions in
magnesium chloride. Show the charge on each ion.
3 What are the main principles of Dalton’s atomic theory?

4 Were there any controversies or criticisms of Dalton’s atomic theory?

5 The diagram shows the electronic configuration of six different atoms.

(a) Answer each part by writing one of the letters next to the statement.
You may use each letter once, more than once or not at all.
(i) of a noble gas (ii) that contains three protons (iii) of phosphorus
(iv) of an element in Group 4 of the Periodic Table
(v) of an element in Period 3 of the Periodic Table
(vi) with a full outer shell of electrons
(b) Atoms A and D combine to form a compound containing covalent bonds.
(i) A covalent bond is the electrostatic attraction between a pair of ____ and the _____ of two atoms.
(ii) Suggest, with reference to electronic configurations, the most likely formula of the
compound formed between atoms of A and D.

6 How does Mendeleev’s periodic table compare to the modern periodic table in terms of organisation?

7 Define what a period and a group are in the context of the periodic table.

8 Explain the concept of crystal lattice structure in ionic compounds.

9 The Periodic Table shows the positions of five elements, J, Q, T, X and Z.


The letters do not represent the symbols for the elements.

(a) How many electrons are there in the outer shell of an atom of X?
(b) There are 31 protons in an atom of X.
Using this information, explain how many protons there are in an atom of Z.
(c) What is the electronic configuration of an atom of Q?
(d) State one similarity and one difference between the electronic configurations of atoms of J and T.

10 Differentiate between a single, double, and triple covalent bond. Provide examples.

11 Explain the concept of electron shells and energy levels in an atom.

12 Provide examples of common cations and anions.

13 Lithium, sodium and potassium are metals in group 1 of the periodic table.
They are good conductors of heat and electricity. The freshly cut metals are shiny.
(a) (i) Give another physical property of all three of these metals.
(ii) Explain, in terms of electrons in their atoms, why lithium, sodium and potassium are in group 1.
(b) A small piece of potassium is added to water.
(i) Describe what you would see in this reaction.
(ii) There is an increase in reactivity of these group 1 metals from lithium to potassium.
Explain this increase in reactivity.
14 How many elements did Newlands’ law of octaves successfully predict or account for,
and why did it break down as more elements were discovered?

15 Explain the idea of the law of triads proposed by Dobereiner in relation to the atomic masses
of elements.

16 What are the elements commonly found in the transition metals, and what sets them apart
from other groups?

17 What is the role of electrons in an atom?


18 The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms and ions.

(a) (i) Which particles have the same mass?


(ii) What is the atomic number of P?
(iii) What is the mass number of Q?
(b) Which group of the Periodic Table contains element T?
(c) (i) Which two letters represent isotopes of the same element?
(ii) Which letter represents a positive ion?
(d) The diagram shows the arrangement of particles in another ion.
How does the diagram show that this ion has a negative charge?

19 (a) Explain why hydrogen has a very low boiling point.


(b) (i) State what is meant by the term isotopes.
(ii) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each of the
three isotopes of hydrogen.

(c) When hydrogen burns in oxygen, heat energy is transferred to the surroundings.
(i) State the name given to a reaction in which heat energy is transferred to the surroundings.
(ii) Write a chemical equation to represent the reaction that takes place when hydrogen
burns in oxygen.

20 Give the name or symbol of


(a) the element in group 3 and period 4.
(b) an element in period 3 that is a good conductor of electricity.
(c) the element in group 7 that is the most reactive.
(d) the element in group 5 that is present in a molecule of ammonia.
(e) an element with an atom containing 8 electrons in its outer shell.

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