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1 FREQUENCD
Y I S T R I B U T I O NASN D T H E I RG R A P H S 49

EXERCISES
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1. What are some benefits of representing data sets using frequency
distributions?
t What are somebenefitsof representingdata setsusing graphsof frequency
distributions?
3. What is the differencebetweenclasslimits and classboundaries?
4. What is the differencebetweenrelative frequencyand cumulativefrequency?

True or False? In Exercises5_-8, determinewhetherthe statementis true or

false.If it is false,rewrite it as a true statement.
5. In a frequencydistribution,the classwidth is the distancebetweenthe lower
and upper limits of a class.
6. The midpoint of a classis the sumof its lower and upper limits dividedby two.
7. An ogive is a graph that displaysrelative frequency.
8. Classboundariesare usedto ensurethat consecutivebarsof a histosramtouch.

In Exercises9-12, use the given minimum and maximum data entries,and the
number of classesto find the classwidth, the lower class limits, and the upper
classlimits.
9. minimum : 7, maximum : 58,6 classes
10.minimum : 11,maximum : 94,8 classes
11.minimum : 15,maximtm : 123,6classes
12.minimum : 24,maximum : 171,10 classes

Reading a FrequencyDistribution In Exercises 13 and 74, use the given

frequencydistributionto find the
(a) class width.

(b) class midpoints.

(c) class boundaries.

13. Cleveland,OH 14. Travel Time to Work
High Temperatures(oF) (in minutes)

20-30 t9 0-9 188

3I-41 43 10-19 Jtz

Aa <a
68 20-29 264
JJ_OJ 69 30-39 205
64J4 74 4049 83
75-85 68 50-59 76
86-96 1A
60,69 JZ
50 CHAPTIR 2 D E S C R I P T I VS
ET A T I S T I C S

15. Use the frequency distribution in Exercise L3 to construct an expanded

frequency distribution, as shown in Example 2.
16. Use the frequency distribution in Exercise 1-4to construct an expanded
frequency distribution, as shown in Example 2.

Graphical Analysis In Exercises17 and 18,usethefrequencyhistogramto

(a) determinethe number of classes.
(b) estimatethefrequencyof the classwith the leastfrequency.
(c) estimatethefrequency of the classwith the greatestfrequency.
(d) determinethe classwidth.

17. Employee Salary 18. Tfee Height

300 900
250 750
200 600
o a
5 150 I
450
rE
100 300
50 r50

n n v'l v') v') v-1 v? 18 23 28 33 38 43 48

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Height (in inches)
Salary (in thousandsof dollars)

Graphical Analysis In Exercises19 and 20, usethe ogiveto approximate

(a) the number in the sample.
(b) the location ofthe greatestincreasein frequency.

19. Male Beagles ?n. Adult FemaleAges20-29

55 55
h50 >, 50
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18.5 2r.5 24.s 27.5 305 33.5 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72

welgnr (rn pounos.l Height (in inches)

21,.Use the ogive in Exercise19 to approximate

(a) the cumulative frequencyfor a weight of 24.5pounds.
(b) the weight for which the cumulative frequencyis 45.

,., Use the ogive in Exercise20 to approximate

(a) the cumulative frequencyfor a height of 70 inches.

(b) the height for which the cumulative frequencyis 25.
 S i C T r C r !2 . 1 F R E Q U E N CD
Y I S T R I B U T I O NASN D T H E I RG R A P H S 51

Graphicaf Analysis In Exercises23 and 24, use the relative frequency

histogram to

(a) idenffi the classwith the greatestand the leastrelativefrequency.

(b) approximatethe greatestand leastrelativefrequency.
(c) approximatethe relativefrequencyof the secondclass.

23. Atlantic Croaker Fish 24. EmergencyResponseTime

0.20

o 0.16
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0.08
E
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5.5 7.5 9.5 11.5 13.5 15.5 17.5 17.5 18.5 19.5 20.5 21,.5
Length (in inches) Time (in minutes)

Graphicaf Analysis In Exercises25 and 26, use the frequencypolygon

identify the classwith the greatestand the leastfrequency.
25. SAT Scoresfor 50 Students 26. Shoe Sizes for 50 Females

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Score Size

I Usingand InterpretingConcepts
Constructing a Frequency Distribution In Exerckes
27 and2g,constucl
a frequency distribution for the data set using the indicated number of classes.In
the table, include the midpoints, relative frequencies, and cumulative
frequencies.
which class has the greatest frequency and which has the least
frequency?
ffi ,t. Newspaper
ReadingTimes
Number of classes:
5
Data set:Time(in minutes)spentreadingthe newspaperin a day
739 L39258220 2 18 2307
3512 158 6529 011391.6 15
-% r*. Book Spending
Number of classes:
6
Data set:Amount (in dollars)spenton booksfor a semester
91, 472 279 249 530 376 1,88 341. 266 199
1,42 273 189 130 489 266 248 101 375 486
190 398 188 269 43 30 127 354 84

lp indicatesthat the data set for this exerciseis availableelectronically.

52 c H A p ' r F :R ? DEscRrprvEsrATrsrcs

Constructing a FrequencyDistribution and a FrequencyHistogram

In Exercises 29-32, construct a frequency distribution and a frequency histogram
for the data set using the indicated number of classes.Describe eny patterns

ffi, Zg.Sul"t
Number of classes: 6
Data set:July sales(in dollars)for all salesrepresentatives
at a company
2114 2468 7119 1876 4105 3183 t932 1355
4278 1030 2000 1077 s835 r5r2 1697 2478
3981 t643 1858 1500 4608 1000
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30. Pepper Pungencies
Number of classes:
5
Data set:Pungencies(in 1000sof Scoville units) of 24 tabascopeppers
35 51 44 42 37 38 36 39 44 43 40 40
32 39 41 38 42 39 40 46 37 35 4t 39

.. ,t. Reaction Times

Number of classes:8
Data set: Reaction times (in milliseconds)of a sample of 30 adult
femalesto an auditory stimulus
507 389 305 29I 336 310 51,4 442 307 337
373 428 387 454 323 441, 388 426 469 351
411, 382 320 450 309 416 359 388 422 413

% ,r. FractureTimes
Number of classes:5
Data set: Amount of pressure (in pounds per square inch) at fracture
time for 25 samplesof brick mortar
2750 2862 2BB5 2490 25tZ 2456 2554 2532 2885
2872 2601 2877 2721 2692 2888 2755 2853 2517
2867 2718 2641, 2834 2466 2596 2519

Constructing a Frequency Distribution and a Relative Frequency

Histogram In Exercises33-36,constructa frequencydistribution and a relative
frequency histogramfor the data set usingfive classes.Whichclasshas the greatest
relativefrequencyand which has the leastrelativefrequency?

%irr. BowtingScores
Data set:Bowling scoresof a sampleof leaguemembers
1,54 257 195 220 1,82 240 171 228 235
146 I74 I92 1.65 201 185 180 264 L69
225 239 1,48 190 t82 205 1,48 1-88

ffi ro. ATM withdrawals

Data set: A sample of ATM withdrawals (in dollars)
35 10 30 25 75 10 30 20 20 10 40
50 40 30 60 70 25 40 10 60 20 80
40 25 20 10 20 25 30 50 80 20
 5iCI'ION 2,1 F R E Q U E N CD
Y I S T R I B U T I O NASN D T H E I RG R A P H S 53

% St. Plant Heights

Data set:Heights (in inches) of a sampleof tomato plants
40 44 35 49 35 43 35 36 39
37 41 41 48 52 37 45 40 36
35 50 42 51 33 34 51 39
+; 36. Years of Service
Dataset:Yearsof serviceof a sampleof NewYork statetroopers
rz79 8 9 812 10 9
L0681312 1011.714
t2 9810 9r113 8

Constructing a Cumulative Frequency Distribution and an Ogive

In Exercises 37-40, construct a cumulative frequency distribution and an ogive for
the data set using six classes.Then describe the location of the greqtest increase in
frequency.

ffi tt. Retirement

Ages
Data set:Retirement agesfor a sampleof doctors
70 54 55 7t 57 58 63 65
60 66 57 62 63 60 63 60
66 60 67 69 69 52 61 73

ffi tt. SaturatedFatIntakes

Dataset:Daily saturated
fat intakes(in grams)of a sampleof people
38 32 34 39 40 54 32 17 29 33
57 40 25 36 33 24 42 1.6 3L 33

ffi tn. GasolinePurchases

Data set:Gasoline(in gallons)purchasedby a sampleof drivers during
one fill-up
7 418 49 8 8 7 62
9 5 91241,4 157r02
31,1,4 4912 53

{ffi no. CellularPhoneCalls

Dataset:Lengths(in minutes)of a sampleof cellularphonecalls
t20 10201323 3 7
18 7 4 515 729 10
18101023 412 8 6

Constructing a Frequency Distribution and a Frequency Polygon

In Exercises 41 and 42, construct a frequency distribution and a frequency polygon
for the data set. Describe any potterns.
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%$i 41. Exam Scores

Number of classes:
5
Data set:Exam scoresfor all studentsin a statisticsclass
83 92 94 82 73 98 78 85 72 90
89 92 96 89 75 85 63 47 75 82
54 CHAPf IR ) D E S C R I P T I VS
ET A T I S T I C S

% Or. Children of the Presidents

Number of classes:6
Data set: Number of children of the U.S. presidents (Source:
p r esident schil dr en.co m )

056034041015062 3
045487 35 3 2633 1
22612322 4 4461, z

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ffi;Or. What Would You Do? You work at a bank and are asked to
recommendthe amount of cash to put in an ATM each day.You don,t
want to put in too much (security) or too little (customer irritation).
Here are the daily withdrawals (in 100s of dollars) for a period of
30 days.

72 84 61. 76 1.04 76 86 92 80 88
98 76 97 82 84 67 70 81 82 89
74 73 86 81 85 78 82 80 9t 83
(a) Construct a relative frequency histogram for the data using eight
classes.
(b) If you put $9000in the ATM eachday,what percent of the daysin a
month shouldyou expectto run out of cash?Explain your reasoning.
(c) If you are willing to run out of cashfor 10% of the days,how much
cash,in hundreds of dollars, should you put in the ATM each day?
Explain your reasoning.

ffi ++ What Would You Do? You work in the admissionsdepartment for a
college and are askedto recommendthe minimum SAT scoresthat the
collegewill acceptfor a position as a full-time student.Here are the SAT
scoresfor a sampleof 50 applicants.

1325 1072 982 996 872 849 785 706 669 1049
885 1367 935 980 1188 869 1006 tt27 979 1034
1052 LL65 1359 667 1264 727 808 955 544 1202
1051 tt73 4I0 1148 il.95 t141, tt93 768 812 887
r2rr 1266 830 672 917 988 791 1035 688 700
(a) Constructa relative frequencyhistogramfor the data using 10 classes.
(b) If you set the minimum scoreat 986,what percent of the applicants
will meet this requirement?Explain your reasoning.
(c) If you want to acceptthe top 88% of the applicants,what should the
minimum scorebe? Explain your reasoning.

ffi Ot. Writing What happenswhen the number of classesis increasedfor a

frequency histogram? Use the data set listed and a technology tool to
create frequency histograms with 5, 10, and 20 classes.Which graph
displaysthe data best?
2 7 32IL 31584910t39
7tt 10L 2 12 5642 915