Still I Rise
Still I Rise
BY MAYA ANGELOU
1. Author Introduction:
Maya Angelou (1928-2014) was a renowned American poet, memoirist, civil rights activist,
and performer. Her work explored themes of racism, identity, family, and resilience.
Angelou's most famous work is her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969),
which details her childhood experiences with racism and trauma. She received numerous
awards and honors, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Angelou's powerful voice
and eloquent writing made her a significant figure in American literature and culture.
2. Summary of "Still I Rise":
The poem progresses through several stanzas, each highlighting different forms of attack: lies
and slander ("You may write me down in history / With your bitter, twisted lies"), physical
oppression ("You may trod me in the very dirt"), attempts to break her spirit ("Did you want
to see me broken? / Bowed head and lowered eyes?"), and verbal and emotional abuse ("You
may shoot me with your words, / You may cut me with your eyes").
Despite these attacks, the speaker repeatedly asserts her resilience with the powerful refrain,
"Still I'll rise." She uses vivid metaphors and similes to illustrate her strength and unwavering
spirit, comparing herself to natural forces like dust, moons, suns, tides, air, and a vast ocean.
She draws strength from her heritage and the struggles of her ancestors, proclaiming, "I am
the dream and the hope of the slave."
The poem's tone shifts between defiance, confidence, and triumph. The speaker's voice is
assertive and unapologetic, refusing to be defined or controlled by her oppressors. "Still I
Rise" is ultimately a celebration of the human spirit's ability to endure and overcome
adversity, a testament to the power of hope and self-belief.
3. Glossary:
Trod: Past tense of "tread," meaning to walk on or over. In the poem, it suggests
being trampled or oppressed.
Beset: To be troubled or harassed persistently.
Haughtiness: Arrogance or excessive pride.
Offend: To cause displeasure or resentment.
Awful hard: Very difficult or distressing.
Huts of history’s shame: Refers to the historical suffering and oppression of
marginalized groups, particularly African Americans during slavery and subsequent
periods of discrimination. The "huts" symbolize the impoverished and degrading
conditions they were forced to live in.
Welling and swelling: Rising and increasing in intensity, like waves in the ocean.
Tide: The periodic rise and fall of the sea level, caused by the gravitational pull of the
moon and sun. In the poem, it symbolizes a powerful, natural force.
Daybreak: Dawn or the beginning of daylight, symbolizing hope and a new
beginning.
Wondrously clear: Exceptionally bright and clear, suggesting a positive future.
Ancestors: People from whom one is descended, typically more distant than
grandparents.
Slave: A person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them.