9a4zz Bipol Antena
9a4zz Bipol Antena
After a lot of work and experiments during 2004 I found an original solution for the short wave
antenna which I named 9A4ZZ BIPOLE. With this antenna I worked all continents both on 20 and 40
meters bands, using only 100W transmitting power. This antenna is designed for the reduced space
conditions, as well as when any other type of the antenna could not be installed (dimension, TVI).
This antenna is also convenient for portable operation or for operation on the boats etc. (see Fig. 1
in Croatian version of text below). Input impedance is 50 Ohm, and an antenna tuner is not required.
I named it BIPOLE to make a difference from ordinary dipole (but it has also two poles).
In order to better understand how it works I will compare it with a magnetic loop antenna which is
already popular among hamradio. The magnetic loop is a parallel resonant circuit where the
inductance L is replaced by a small tube inductance shaped in the form of circle. This, however
significantly increases capacitance C for the desired resonant frequency. In such a way the reactance
XL, XC, and R became small allowing very high HF current through circuit, producing very strong HF
magnetic field which in turn induces electrical field. That is why Poynting vector (which defines
radiation S=ExH) has a small electrical component E, and big magnetic component H. This is the
reason why it is named a Magnetic antenna.
9A4ZZ bipole is a short resonant electrical antenna with a parallel resonant circuit (Fig. 2a) opened at
the place of capacitance C (Fig. 2b). The capacitance C became smaller, and inductance L should be
increased in order to obtain resonant frequency
1
f= 2
2𝜋 √𝐿𝐶
The equations for L and C reactances show higher resistance.
XL = 2πfL
1
XC =
2𝜋𝑓𝐶
That is why high voltage exists across the circuit components, while inside the circuit the current is
small. Around antenna there is a strong electric field E and weak magnetic field H.
We named it as an electrical antenna because Poynting vector S=E x H has the E component big and
the H component small. On the ends of the antenna there is the high voltage, while the antenna
current is small resulting in small antenna losses. Let us consider that in both cases the same power is
applied to the resonant circuit, around the antenna the high impedance field is created and by the
voltage impedance transformation, the high impedance is transformed to 50 Ohms.
For the practical and costs reasons the 94AZZ bipole is made from the commercially cheap PVC tubes
which supports the antenna (Fig. 3). Coils L are made from PVC isolated Cu wire wounded on PVC
tube. Length of the wire for the coil L is approximately a half of the wave length, and the cross
section is 1,5mm2 (in order to keep minimum losses). The coil is connected to two aluminum tin
cylinders which are installed to the ends of the tube. These are two poles of the bipole and with their
capacitances C and C1 we tune antenna to the desired frequency. Feeding is performed via the
coupling coil Ls (for the min. losses made from 1,5 mm Cu wire) positioned on the isolation around
antenna coil L. The ratio of the transformation and input antenna impedance depends on the L to Ls
ratio. Table 1 shows the antenna dimensions for various bands. Given winding number is for the
frequency in the middle of the band and the resonant frequency is your choice. The coils should be
wounded for the highest desired resonant frequency with the cylinders C1 completely above
cylinders C. Later, by moving C1“out“ we can tune the antenna on any lower desired frequency. The
antenna coil L is connected with the cylinders C. If you like you can connect the middle of the
antenna to the cold end of the coupling coil Ls. Such configuration makes antenna to be symmetric.
In order to avoid inductivity changes due to the weathering the L, and Ls should be protected,
otherwise the antenna could move away of the tuned resonance frequency. The protection is made
by installing the PVC tube of bigger cross section above the coil, and both ends should be sealed to
be waterproof. The pictures illustrates mechanical construction wit he SO239 connector, where the
50 Ohms coaxial cable should be connected. There are various combinations of the coils and
cylinders as well as the antennas for the other bands, but I have selected this as a representative.
f/MHz d1/cm d2/cm d3/cm D/cm number turns L coil number turns Ls coil
1,8 70 70 35 11 230 70
3,5 80 70 35 5 260 50
7 45 35 12 5 130 25
14 20 14 12 3 133* 12__________
*magnet wire 1 mm
Table 1
TUNING OF THE 9A4ZZ BIPOLE
Input impedance of the tuned antenna is 50 Ohms. Tuning is performed by establishing the
resonance of the total antenna inductance and capacitance. Fine tuning to 50 Ohms is performed by
changing the capacitance C (length of the bipole ends C1) and inductance of the coil L. (5-10 cm
Aluminum ring P, wounded around coil L hot end). Shortening the bipole the resonant frequency is
higher; while longer the bipole the resonant frequency is lower.
9A4ZZ bipole is a resonant monoband antenna producing around antenna very high concentration of
the electromagnetic field. Therefore it is recommended to perform the tuning while transmitter is
off. Antenna tuning is monitored by observing the SWR meter readings, or by obtaining max
luminosity of the fluorescent tube (positioned close to the antenna). In the antenna center the
luminosity should be min. and on the both sides of the antenna the light intensity should be the
same. Following the tuning procedure using the short antenna cable, antenna tuning should be
corrected for the required cable length. Maximal radiation (both directions) of the 9A4ZZ bipole is
along the antenna, and min. radiation is perpendicular to the antenna center (fig. 4). Antenna feed
line is 50 Ohm coaxial cable RG 58/U. Its length is not critical, and the antenna impedance remains
unchanged when the cable length is changed. In order to avoid HF current induction in the coax
shield, cable should be positioned perpendicularly to the bipole since in the bipole center the
electromagnetic field intensity is minimal. It is recommended to wind an RF choke, or to install the
ferrite beads about 2 m from the connector since the HF voltage in the cable is not produced by the
feedback current. The HF voltage in the coax shield is induced by the very strong electromagnetic
field near antenna. The transmitter must be grounded,
Since the EMF near antenna is very strong, the antenna must be installed away from the metal
objects in order to prevent losses. It is recommended to install antenna at last 1/10 wave length
above ground. Using the usual PVC tubing the antenna could be positioned both vertically and
horizontally. The vertical position has a circular radiation pattern, while the horizontal position gives
the directional pattern. The radiation diagram is shown in fig 4. Horizontal position is better for short
QSO, while the vertical position is better for DX contacts. 9A4ZZ bipole is an very efficient antenna,
therefore it is not recommended to stay close to the antenna when working with power higher than
100W.
Comparing to an EH antenna, the 9A4ZZ tuning is simple since it is symmetrical and has no problem
with HF current along the antenna. Comparing to the magnetic loop antenna the 9A4ZZ bipole has
not expensive components and gives a tenfold operating range.
160m – BAND:
80m - m BAND:
-dimensions: 240cm/5cm
40m – BAND:
-dimensions: 120cm/5cm
20 m – BAND:
Electrical data:
-dimensions: 40cm/3cm