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MCS LAB Assignment 2

The document provides an overview of relays, including their definition, types (Electromechanical and Solid-State), advantages, and disadvantages. It details the construction of electromechanical relays, covering components such as contacts, bearings, electromechanical design, terminations, and housing. Additionally, it explains the working principles of relays in normally closed and normally open conditions.

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Raja Awais
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8 views

MCS LAB Assignment 2

The document provides an overview of relays, including their definition, types (Electromechanical and Solid-State), advantages, and disadvantages. It details the construction of electromechanical relays, covering components such as contacts, bearings, electromechanical design, terminations, and housing. Additionally, it explains the working principles of relays in normally closed and normally open conditions.

Uploaded by

Raja Awais
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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assignment no 2

marine control system lab

name: m awais naeem


roll no: na-052
sem/deptt: v-naval architecture
submitted to: lt waqar pn
dated: 07-12-2023

objective: what is a relay and how does it work? also explain the
construction process.

1
1. introduction to relays:

Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically.

They control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit.

Relay diagrams illustrate the normal open (NO) and normally closed (NC) states.

2. types of relays:

Electromechanical Relays (EMR): Contacts operated by a magne�c force.

Solid-State Relays (SSRs): Electronic switching with no physical contacts.

3. advantages and disadvantages:

EMR vs. SSR: Considera�ons based on electrical requirements, cost, and lifespan.

Advantages of SSRs include faster switching, absence of arcing, and no wear and tear.

EMRs allow for contact replacement, provide cleaner ON/OFF condi�ons but may wear out.

4. construction of electromechanical relays:


The relay operates both electrically and mechanically. It consists electromagne�c and sets of contacts
which perform the opera�on of the switching. The construc�on of relay is mainly classified into four
groups. They are the contacts, bearings, electromechanical design, termina�ons and housing.

contacts:

The contacts are the most important part of the relay that affects the reliability. The good contact
gives limited contact resistance and reduced contact wear. The selec�on of the contact material
depends upon the several factors like nature of the current to be interrupted, the magnitude of the
current to be interrupted, frequency and voltage of opera�on.

bearing:

The bearing may be a single ball, mul�-ball, pivot-ball and jewel bearing. The single ball bearing is
used for high sensi�vity and low fric�on. The mul�-ball bearing provides low fric�on and greater
resistance to shock.

2
electromechanical design:

The electromechanical design includes the design of the magne�c circuit and the mechanical
atachment of core, yoke, and armature. The reluctance of the magne�c path is kept minimum for
making the circuit more efficient. The electromagnet is made up of so� iron, and the coil current is
usually restricted to 5A and the coil voltage to 220V.

terminations and housing:

The assembly of an armature with the magnet and the base is made with the help of spring. The
spring is insulated from the armature by moulded blocks which provide dimensional stability. The
fixed contacts are usually spot welded on the terminal link.

6. relay configurations:

Break: Number of separate places or contacts used to open or close a circuit.

Pole: Number of isolated circuits a relay can pass through.

Throw: Number of closed contact posi�ons per pole available on a switch.

7. relay working principle:

Now let's understand how a relay works in a normally closed condi�on and normally open condi�on.
Relay in NORMALLY CLOSED condi�on: When no voltage is applied to the core, it cannot generate
any magne�c field and it doesn’t act as a magnet. Therefore, it cannot atract the movable armature.

3
Thus, the ini�al posi�on itself is the armature connected in normally closed posi�on (NC).

8. relay in normally opened condition:


When sufficient voltage is applied to the core it starts to create a magne�c field around it and acts as
a magnet. Since the movable armature is placed within its range, it gets atracted to that magne�c
field created by the core, thus the posi�on of the armature is being altered. It is now connected to
the normally opened pin of the relay and external circuit connected to it func�on in a different
manner.

Note: The func�onality of the external circuit depends upon the connec�on made to the relay pins.
So finally, we can say that when a coil is energized the armature is atracted and the switching ac�on
can be seen, if the coil is de-energized it loses its magne�c property and the armature goes back to
its ini�al posi�on.

references:

htps://circuitglobe.com/
htps://www.galco.com/

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