BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH

JSA JHA RA
 Training Objectives:

Know the Importance of the Training Subjects and:

1. Understand the meaning of JSA, JHA and RISK Assessment.

2. Understand the difference between the three

3. Know how to prepare JSA, JHA and Risk Assessment

JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS
 JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

WHAT IS A JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS?

• a safety management tool in which the risks or hazards
of a specific job in the workplace are identified, and
then measures to eliminate or control those hazards are
determined and implemented

• is a procedure which helps integrate accepted safety

and health principles and practices into a particular task
or job operation. In a JSA, each basic step of the job is to
identify potential hazards and to recommend the safest
way to do the job. Other terms used to describe this
procedure are job hazard analysis (JHA) and job hazard
breakdown..

• Is used to describe how to perform a task step-by-step,

any hazards associated with a task, and controls to
mitigate these hazards. JSAs can be used to educate
employees on safe practices prior to utilizing equipment.
 JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

4 STEPS OF JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS?

1. selecting the job to be analyzed
2. breaking the job down into a sequence of steps
3. identifying potential hazards
4. determining preventive measures to overcome
these hazards

JSA Worksheet Job:

Job:
Analysis By: Reviewed By: Approved By:
Date: Date: Date:
Sequence of Steps Potential Incidents or Hazards Preventative Measures
JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

Job Safety Analysis

(Hazard and Effect Management Process)
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
is the application of HEMP
at the task level, identifying
and assessing the hazards
of each element of the task
and defining appropriate
controls and recovery
measures.

RISK MANAGEMENT
 JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

RISK MANAGEMENT
JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

Job Safety
Analysis
Workshop
Groups and Individual
 JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

JSA Worksheet Job:

Job:
Analysis By: Reviewed By: Approved By:
Date: Date: Date:
Sequence of Steps Potential Incidents or Hazards Preventative Measures

Individual
JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

Individual Activity
JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

Individual Activity – JSA 01

JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

Individual Activity – JSA 02

JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

Individual Activity – JSA 03

JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

Individual Activity – JSA 04

JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

Individual Activity – JSA 05

JOB SAFETY ANAYSIS

Individual Activity – JSA 06

 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

WHAT IS A JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

What is (Hazard and Effect Management Process)
JHA?

Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)

is the application of HEMP
at the task level, identifying
and assessing the hazards
of each element of the task
and defining appropriate
controls and recovery
measures.
Where and When is JHA applied?

Routine tasks that have the potential for

serious incidents or have a history of incidents,
including near misses
New tasks or tasks introducing new work
methods
Routine tasks being carried out in unusual
circumstances
Non-routine or one-off tasks
As a verification of the hazard management
elements of an established work procedure
Who Performs JHA ?
 JHA is normally a team
exercise involving 3 to 5 people.
 The JHA Leader should have
a level of technical competence
relevant to the job to be
analyzed and be a competent
JHA Leader.
 For simpler tasks, a small
team led by the supervisor of
the activity should be sufficient.
 Tasks of greater complexity
may involve - safety advisers,
area supervisors or the asset
owner.
 Conducting JHAs
JHAs may be
conducted on an  Direct Observation
existing task or
prior to a task,
during the planning Recall and Check.
stage. Three
principal ways of Group Discussion
conducting JHAs
are :
Conducting JHAs 1. Recognition - seeing the job
Direct observation stimulates recognition of
potential accidents more
effectively than memory.
People doing the 2. Experience - Employees
analysis actually doing a job regularly are a
observe the job rich source of information
about accidents and near
being done. The accidents associated with
advantages of their job
direct observation 3. Environment - The influence
of the environment and
are threefold: interface with other work can
be more readily appreciated.
 Conducting JHAs
Group Discussion

 Use of collective experience to identify the job steps,

the potential accidents in each and develop good
solutions.

REMEMBER: The JHA leader should be able to

stimulate a group to obtain the maximum contribution
from each of its members and guide the discussion
down the most productive paths.
Conducting JHAs
Recall & Check This
preliminary
 The individual supervisor version is
prepares a preliminary checked by
version of the JHA on the discussing it with
others or by
basis of recall rather than of
directly
direct observation of the job. observing parts
of the job about
which there may
be doubts.
Outline of JHA Process
Initiate the JHA:

Identify task scope

and JHA objectives

Break down task into

basic steps

For each step:

Identify hazards and Identify hazard Define controls and

threats potential recovery measures

...in the context of the work environment

Record results:

Summarise:
- the task steps
- hazards
- controls and recovery measures
 Examples of Hazards
Hazards, hazardous conditions and hazardous activities

Hazards Hazardous Hazardous

Conditions Activities

Hydrocarbon liquids/ Extreme temperatures Vibration Manual handling

gases

Flammable materials Open flame Lighting Use of machinery

Explosives Electricity Extreme ambient Driving

temperatures

Material under pressure Electromagnetic radiation Temporary facilities Climbing /working

at heights

Differences in elevation Radioactives Non-breathable Confined spaces

conditions

Objects under stress Noise Stacking

Moving equipment/ Toxic substances/ Excavation work

vehicles chemicals

Natural occurrences Biological conditions

(weather, tides etc)
 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

Sr Existing R RR
Job Hazards L C Control L C
# Control R R
Risk Assessment

A risk assessment is a careful examination

of anything in your work environment that
could cause injury or ill health
A hazard is anything that has the
potential to cause harm
For a hazard to cause harm, a
hazardous event must happen
For a hazard to cause harm, a
hazardous event must happen
For a hazard to cause harm, a
hazardous event must happen
The likelihood is the chance that the
hazardous event will occur
Consequence is the outcome of the
hazardous event
 Risk is the combination of the
likelihood of a hazardous event occurring,
and the consequence of the event

Risk = Likelihood x Consequence

Examples – Wet floor
What is a risk assessment?
A risk assessment is a careful examination
of anything in your work environment that
could cause injury or ill health
A risk assessment helps to protect:
• you
• your workforce and others
• your business
How are risk assessments
carried out?
2. Identify the risks
2. Identify the risks
2. Identify the risks
2. Identify the risks
• What are the hazards?
• Who might be harmed?
• How might they be
harmed?
3. Estimate the risk
You need to consider two things:
• how likely is it that something
could go wrong?
• how serious would the
outcome be?
risk assessment matrix
Risk Evaluation - Likelihood

Likelihood:
5 – Very likely
4 – Likely
3 – Fairly likely
2 – Unlikely
1 – Very unlikely
Risk Evaluation – consequence

Consequence:
5 – Catastrophic
4 – Major
3 – Moderate
2 – Minor
1 – Insignificant
4. Evaluate the risk
20-25 Unacceptable
Stop activity and make
immediate improvements
13-19 Take Action
Rectify within specified
Specified timescale

6-12 Adequate
Look to improve at next review
1-5 Acceptable
No further action, but ensure
controls are maintained
Reduce like & cons
If you want to reduce the risk, you’ll need to:

• reduce likelihood
• reduce consequence
• reduce both
Cabinet makers intro
Likelihood: table saw (FLASH)
- Estimate risk (FLASH)
- Estimate risk (FLASH)
- Robotic arm (FLASH)
Fade to residual risk
Residual risk (FLASH)

Any risk that remains after controls have

been implemented is called residual risk
---== KLP3: How do we decide? ==---

How do you decide which

risk control to use?
Which is most effective?

Since there are so many risk controls to choose from, how

do you know which are the most effective?
To help decide on the risk control there is a
hierarchy of risk control that you can use
1. Eliminate hazard

2. Reduce hazard

3. Prevent contact

4. Safe system of work

5. Wear PPE
- Eliminate
The most effective method of risk control is
to completely eliminate the hazard
- - Remove
One way to eliminate the hazard is to
remove it completely
 - Reduce
If the hazard can’t be eliminated, attempt to
reduce its potential to cause harm
- - Substitute
Another way to reduce the hazard is to
substitute it with a less hazardous solution
If the hazard can’t be eliminated, attempt to
reduce its potential to cause harm
- Prevent
Next, prevent people from coming into
contact with hazards by separating them
from each other
 - - Enclose
Enclosing the hazard behind a barrier is also an
effective way of separating hazards from people
 - SSOW
A safe system of work details how activities
should be carried out to minimise risk
- PPE
Personal protective equipment is the last
line of defence, since it’s entirely reliant on
each employee remembering to wear it
Behaviour is weakest

In general, risk controls that rely on people

are weaker than those that don’t
Examples – wet floor
Examples – running
Examples – latex
Examples – boiler
Waterworks intro
- Dual carriageway (FLASH)
- Eliminate (FLASH)
- Reduce (FLASH)
- Barrier (FLASH)
- SSOW (FLASH)
- PPE (FLASH)
- Build the hierarchy
Hierarchy conclusion
Factors affecting decision

A number of factors may affect your risk

control decision, such as:
• number of people you’re trying to protect
• reliance on behaviour
• maintenance
• cost
• reduction of risk
When is enough?

If elimination is the safer option, what would

cause us to choose a barrier instead?
Def: Reasonably practicable

Risks must be reduced

so far as is reasonably practicable
- Safety vs time

Risks must be reduced

so far as is reasonably practicable
- Arrows
Risks must be reduced
so far as is reasonably practicable
General guide
A general guide to controlling risks:
Play the game
Put risk control into practice
Office
Factory
Construction
 Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment
Workshop
Groups Activity