_____________________________________________________________________________ 1

CBSE Grade 12 Physics Sample Mock Test Solutions

SECTION - A
All questions are compulsory. In case of internal choices, attempt anyone of them.
Ans 1. For ZF distance ray optics is a good approximation, where
2
𝑎
𝑍𝐹 = λ
Here, a = 4mm = 4×10-3m, λ = 500nm = 5×10-7 m
−3 2 −6
(4×10 ) 16×10
∴𝑍 = −7 = −7 = 32m
𝐹 5×10 5×10

Ans 2. Given, power delivered / area or solar constant

= 104 W/m2
Area = 100 m2
Power delivered = Solar constant×Area
= 104×102 = 106W

Ans 3. In an extrinsic semiconductor,

2
𝑛𝑒𝑛ℎ = 𝑛𝑖
22 16 2
⇒𝑛 × 4. 5 × 10 = (1. 5 × 10 )
𝑒
32
2.25×10
𝑛𝑒 = 22
4.5×10
9
⇒𝑛 = 5 × 10
𝑒

OR

𝐸
As , 𝐼 = or 𝐸 = 𝐼(𝑅 + 𝑟)
𝑅+𝑟
⇒ 2. 1 = 02(10 + 𝑟)
2.1
10 + 𝑟 = 0.2
⇒ 𝑟 = 10. 5 − 10 = 0. 5Ω

µ0 0𝑙
Ans 4. Magnetic field at the centre of circle, 𝐵 = 2𝑅
Charge on hydrogen nucleus is 1e, so
−19
𝑞 𝑒 µ0×1.6×10
𝐼= 𝑡
= 1𝑠
⇒𝐵 = 2×1
−19
=µ × 0. 8 × 10
0
−7 −19
= 4π × 10 × 0. 8 × 10
−26
= 32π × 10 T

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 2

Ans 5. Given ∆Φ = 50π

2π
As, ∆Φ = λ
∆𝑥
Where, ∆𝑥is the path difference.
λ λ
⇒ ∆𝑥 = ∆Φ 2π
= 50π( 2π ) = 25λ

OR

𝑓0 130
Magnitude of magnifying power of telescope in normal adjustment, |m| = 𝑓 = 4
= 32. 5.
𝑒

Ans 6. For a telescope , the difference in focal length of the objective and eyepiece is large while in a
microscope, the difference of focal lengths is smaller. Therefore, an inverted telescope cannot work
as a microscope.

Ans 7. (i) Magnetic Braking in Trains Strong electromagnets are situated above rails on trains. When these
electromagnets are activated, eddy currents induce in rails which opposes the motion of the train.

(ii) Electromagnetic Damping This is used in galvanometer. The eddy currents induced in the core of
the galvanometer oppose the motion of the coil and bring it to stop quickly.

Ans 8. As λ ∝ ( ),hence on increasing accelerating potential from V to 4V, de-Broglie wavelength decreases
1
𝑉
λ
from λ to 2 .

OR

ℎ
As de-Broglie wavelength associated with a charged particle, λ =
2𝑚𝐸
Where , E is kinetic energy.
For electrons and protons, E is the same.
1
⇒λ ∝
𝑚
Since me < mp ⇒ λ < λ𝑒
𝑝
Hence, protons have the shortest de - Broglie wavelength.

Ans 9. Indium is the trivalent, so X is p - type while arsenic is pentavalent, so Y is n-type. Since, X or p-side of
the diode is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and Y or n - side is connected to the
negative terminal, the diode is forward biased.
Ans 10. When the lens is cut into two equal parts, then the focal length of each part is twice the original focal
length.

OR

As we know that,
λ𝐷
Fringe width , β = 𝑑
Here, 𝐷' = 4𝐷

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 3

λ𝐷' 4λ𝐷
⇒ β' = 𝑑
= 𝑑

⇒ β' = 4β
∴ When the distance of separation between the slits and the screen is quadrupled, the fringe width is
quadrupled.

Ans 11. (a) Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency as,

1 1
𝑋𝐶 = ω𝐶
= 2π𝑓𝐶
As DC does not have any frequency, i.e. f = 0
Hence XC = ∞.
So, no DC current flows through the capacitor.
But AC varies like a sine function with some frequency
So, it passes easily through the capacitor.
Hence, capacitors serve as a barrier for DC and offer an easy path to AC.
Therefore , both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Ans 12. (c) The conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor is less than that of a lightly doped p-type
semiconductor. Also, with the increase in the temperature, conductivity of intrinsic semiconductor
increases.
Therefore, A is true but R is false.

Ans 13. (a) Refractive index of diamond w.r.t. Liquid

𝑙 1 𝑛𝑑
𝑛𝑑 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝐶
= 𝑛𝑖

6 1
⇒ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑐
3
1 0
⇒ sin ic = = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45
2
∴ ic = 450
This means that when the ray of light while travelling from diamond to liquid is incident at an angle of
450, then it will be totally reflected due to TIR.
Therefore, both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Ans 14. (c) There is always an angle of declination between magnetic meridian and the geographic meridian.
A compass is simply a needle shaped magnet, which always points in magnetic north - south poles
(i.e. in magnetic meridian). Thus, true geographic north direction cannot be found by using a compass
needle. The magnetic meridian of the earth is defined by some angle from the axis of rotation of the
earth.
Therefore, A is true but R is false

SECTION - B
Ans 15. (i) (a) the potential energy of proton decreases
potential energy of the proton decreases as it moves in the direction of the electric field.

(ii) (b) - 4.0×104 V

4
∆𝑉 =− 𝐸∆𝑥 =− (8. 0 × 10 𝑉/𝑚)(0. 50 𝑚)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 4

4
= − 4 × 10 𝑉

(iii) (c) - 6.4×10-15 J

−19 4
∆𝑈 = 𝑞0∆𝑉 = (1. 6 × 10 𝐶) − (− 4. 0 × 10 𝑉)
−15
= − 6. 4 × 10 𝐽

(iv) (b) 2.77×106 ms-1

−15
As, ∆𝐾 =− ∆𝑈 = 6. 4 × 10 𝐽 (from conservation of energy)
1 2 2∆𝐾
∆𝐾 = 2
𝑚𝑣𝐵 or 𝑣𝐵 = 𝑚
−15
2(6.4×10 𝐽) 6
= −27 = 2. 77 × 10 ms-1
(1.66×10 𝑘𝑔)

(v) (c) 9×10-3 J

Electrostatic potential energy of the system,
1 𝑞1𝑞2 9 −6
9×10 ×1×10 ×1×10
−6
U=
4πε0 𝑟
= 1
= 9×10-3 J

Ans 16. (i) (c) 4

−13.6 2
En = 2 (Z )
𝑛
In first excited state, 𝐸𝐻 = 3. 4eV and EHe = - 13.6 eV
2

So, H2 atom gives excitation energy

(13.6 - 3.4 = 10.2 eV) to helium atom.
Now energy of He ion = -13.6 + 10.2 = -3.4 eV
−13.6 2
Again, E = 2 ×𝑍
𝑛
−13.6 2
⇒− 3. 4 = 2 × (2) ⇒ 𝑛 = 4
𝑛

(ii)(c) 4.8×10-7 m
1 13.6 𝑍
2
⎤ ⎡1 1
= ⎥ ⎢ 2 −
λ ℎ𝑐 𝑛2 ⎥ ⎢ 𝑛1 2
⎦ ⎣
−7
Here n1 = 3 and n2 = 4⇒λ = 4. 8 × 10 m

1
(iii) (a)
4
2
𝑍
Kinetic energy , 𝐾 ∝ 2
𝑛
2

( )
𝐾𝐻 𝑍𝐻
1 2
𝐾𝐻𝑒
2
= 𝑍𝐻𝑒
2
= ( )
2
=
1
4

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 5

2
ℎ ε0
(iv) (b) 2
π𝑚𝑒
2 2
𝑛 ℎ ε0
Radius of the permitted orbit is r = 2
π 𝑚 𝑍𝑒
Cor hydrogen atom in ground state, i.e.,
2
ℎ ε0
𝑛 = 1, 𝑍 = 1 ⇒ 𝑟 = 2
π𝑚𝑒

ℎ
(v) (a)
π
Angular momentum for hydrogen atom is
𝑛ℎ
L=
2π
For first excited state , n = 2
ℎ
⇒L=
π

SECTION - C
Ans 17. (i) Kichhoff’s loop rule
In an electric circuit, the algebraic sum of change in potential differences across the circuit elements
of any closed loop is zero.

(ii) Meter bridge works on the principle of a balanced wheatstone bridge.

According to this, Wheatstone bridge is as shown below

When the bridge is in the balance condition,

𝑅1 𝑅2
i.e.
𝑅3
= 𝑅4
(∵ Ig = 0)

Similarly, in case of metre bridge as shown below

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 6

𝑅 𝑆
In balance condition,
𝑙1
= 100−𝑙1
Where, S is known resistance and R is unknown resistance.

0 0
Ans 18. Given, angle of declination, θ = 12 West Angle of dip, δ = 60

Horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field

H = 0.16 G
Let the magnitude of the earth’s magnetic field at that place is B.
Using the formula, H = B cos δ
𝐻
Or B =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 δ
0.16 0.16×2
= 0 = 1
= 0. 32G
𝑐𝑜𝑠 60
= 0.32×10-4 T [ ∵ 1G = 10-4 ]
The earth’s magnetic field lies in a vertical plane 120 West of geographical meridian at an angle 600
above the horizontal.

Ans 19. (i) Characteristic properties of nuclear force

(a) Nuclear forces act between a pair of neutrons, a pair of protons and also between a neutron -
proton pair, with the same strength, this shows that nuclear forces are independent of charge.
(b) The nuclear forces are dependent on spin or angular momentum of nuclei.

(ii) The sum of masses of nuclei of product element is less than the sum of masses of reactants and
hence, loss of mass takes place during the reaction. This difference of mass of product elements and
reactant gets converted into energy and liberated in the form of heat.
20 4 12
Here, the sum of masses of 10
𝑁𝑒 and 𝐻𝑒 is less than the sum of two
2
𝐶 and conversion of this
6
mass defect is used to produce energy.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 7

Ans 20. A ray of light incident normally on XY, along OA passes straight along OAA’ (as shown in figure below).

Another ray of light from O incident at ∠i on surface XY along OB deviates away from normal. It is
refracted at ∠r along BC. On producing backwards BC meets OA at O. Therefore, O’ is virtual image of
O.
Apparent depth = AO’
Real depth = OA
Now, ∠BOA = ∠OBN’ = i [alternate angles]
∠AO’B = ∠CBN = r [corresponding angles]
𝐴𝐵
In ∆𝑂𝐴𝐵, sin 𝑖 = 𝑂𝐵
𝐴𝐵
In ∆𝑂'𝐴𝐵, sin r =
𝑂'𝐵
As , light ray is travelling from denser medium to rarer medium,
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑟
∴ µ =
𝑟 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑖
𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝐵
Or µ =
𝑟 𝑑 𝑂'𝐵
× 𝐴𝐵
= 𝑂'𝐵
B is close to A (as angles are very small). So, OA ≈ OB and O’A ≃ O’B
𝑂𝐴 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
∴ µ =
𝑟 𝑑 𝑂'𝐴
= 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡

OR

Consider a plane wavefront AB incident at angle i on reflecting surface as shown in figure below

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 8

Let V = speed of light in medium and t = time taken by wavefront to reach point C.
∴ BC = vt
To get reflected wavefront, we draw a sphere of radius vt from point A. Then, the tangent surface CE
represents the reflected wavefront.
∴ AE = BC = vt
Now in triangles EAC and BAC,
AE = BC
∠AEC = ∠ABC = 900
AC = AC (common)
This means triangles EAC and BAC are congruent.
⇒ ∠ECA = ∠BAC
Or i = r
Reflected wavefront makes the same angle after reflection as made by the incident wavefront.

Ans 21. (i) The essential conditions which must be satisfied for the sources to be coherent are
(a) the two light waves should be of the same wavelength.
(b) The two light waves should either be in phase or sound have a constant phase difference.
(ii) Coherent sources can be obtained either by dividing the wavefront or byd dividing the amplitude of
the incoming waves.

OR

Fringe width, β = 𝐷λ/𝑑,where λis the wavelength of light, d is the path difference and D is the
distance between the slits and screen.
∴β∝λ
1 1
If 𝑣is the frequency, then β ∝ 𝑣 [∵ λ ∝ 𝑣 ]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 9

Graph of βversus v is drawn as below

Ans 22. (i) In case, when you are running, then you are likely to have only one foot at a time in contact with the
ground, making it less likely to form a fatal potential difference with your feet. Further the dimensions
of the human make it less likely that they will bridge a fatal potential difference in comparison with the
cattle.
Thus, cattles are more likely to be killed by a nearby lightning stroke than humans.

(ii) The body of the car is metallic. It provides electrostatic shielding to the person. This is because,
inside a metal (conductor), the electric field is zero. So, even if there is a field outside, the charges will
reside on the surface to the conductor. Thus, the discharging due to lightning passes to the ground
through the metallic body of the car.

Ans 23. (i) When 1019 donor atoms of phosphorus are added per m3
ne - nh = Nd - Na = 1019
As ne >> nh, therefore ne ≈ 1019
1 1
Hence, ρ = = −19 19
𝑒𝑛𝑒µ𝑒 1.6×10 ×10 ×0.12
= 5.2Ω- m
(ii) When 2×1019 acceptor atoms of boron are further added
nh - ne = Na - Nd = 2×1019 - 1019 = 1019
As nh >> ne , therefore nh ≃1019
1 1
Hence, ρ = = −19 19
𝑒𝑛ℎµℎ 1.6×10 ×10 ×0.045
= 13.9 Ω − 𝑚

OR

As in the given circuit D2 is reverse biased, so will not conduct. Thus , there is not current in branch
DC.
∴ Total resistance of circuit = 2 + 1 = 3Ω
𝑉 6
Current in circuit , I = 𝑅 = 3 = 2𝐴
So, current through 1Ω resistor = 2A

Ans 24. Einstein photoelectric equation is

1 2
ℎ𝑣 = ℎ𝑣0 + 2 𝑚𝑣
In 1st case, v = 2f0 , v0 = f0 , v = v1
1 2
⇒ h . (2f0) = hf0 + 𝑚𝑣
2 1

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 10

1 2
⇒ 2
𝑚𝑣1 = ℎ𝑓0 ….(i)
1 2
In 2nd case 5ℎ𝑓 = ℎ𝑓0 + 𝑚𝑣2
0 2
1 2
⇒ 4ℎ𝑓 = 𝑚𝑣 ……(ii)
0 2 2
Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
2
⇒
( )
𝑣1
𝑣2
=
1
4
⇒
𝑣1
𝑣2
=
1
2

Ans 25.

Principle It works on the principle that a diode conducts only when it is forward biased. It offers
infinite resistance when it is reverse biased.

SECTION - D
Ans 26. (i) Let r, R be the radius of smaller and bigger coil C1 and C2, respectively carrying 𝑙1and 𝑙2 as shown
below).

Due to current 𝑙2 in 𝐶2,magnetic field produced,

µ 0𝑙 2
𝐵2 = 2𝑅
Flux linked with C1 due to magnetic field B2,
µ0𝑙2 2
Φ1 = 𝐵2𝐴1 = 2𝑅
. π𝑟

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 11

( )
2
µ0π𝑟
So, Φ = 𝑙2
1 2𝑅
2
µ0π𝑟
But Φ = 𝐿𝑙 ⇒ 𝐿 =
1 2 2𝑅
Which is the expression for mutual inductance for a pair of coils.
𝑑Φ
(ii) As, We know that, 𝑒 =
𝑑𝑡
3 2
As, Φ = 5𝑡 + 4𝑡 + 2𝑡
2
So, e = 15𝑡 + 8𝑡 + 2
For t = 2 s ⇒ e = 15×22 + 8×2 + 2
=60 + 16 + 2 = 78 V

OR

(i) The mean square current is

τ
1 2 2
I = ∫ 𝐼 (𝑡/τ) . 𝑑𝑡
-2
τ 0
0
2 τ
𝐼0 2
= 3 ∫ 𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡
τ 0
2
𝐼0 3 τ 2
𝐼0
⎡ 𝑡 ⎤ =
= 3 ⎢ 3 ⎥ 3
τ ⎣ ⎦0
−2
∴𝐼 = 𝐼
𝑟𝑚𝑠
2
𝐼0 𝐼0
=
3
=
3

(ii) For an AC, 𝐼 = 𝐼0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ω𝑡

Heat produced in a resistance in smalle time dt,
dU = I2 R dt
= (I0 sin ω𝑡)2 Rdt
∴ Heat produced during a full cycle of AC,
𝑇
2 2
U = ∫ 𝑑𝑈 = 𝐼0𝑅 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (ω𝑡). 𝑑𝑡
0
2
𝐼0
=
2
𝑅𝑇 (∵ ω𝑇 = 2π)

2 𝐼0
⇒U=𝐼 𝑅𝑇 ] [∵ Irms =
𝑟𝑚𝑠 2
Thus, the AC produces the same heating effect as DC of value I = Irms.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 12

Ans 27. (i) Comparing the equation of oscillating electric field with the standard wave equation
E (x, t) = E0 sin (ω𝑡 + 𝑘𝑥)
We find that propagation constant, k = 300π rad m-1
and amplitude of oscillating electric field,
E0 = 30 Vm-1
∴ Wavelength of the electromagnetic wave,
2π 2π 1
λ = 𝑘 = 300π = 150 𝑚

(ii) The electromagnetic wave is propagating along the negative direction of X-axis and the electric
field is oscillating along the Y-axis. As the direction of wave propagation is the direction of E×B ,
hence magnetic field must be oscillating along negative Z-axis, moreover, its amplitude
𝐸0 30 −7
B0 = 𝑐 = 8 = 10 T
3×10
Hence, expression for oscillating magnetic field is
Bz = 10-7 sin [2×1011 t + 300πx] T

Ans 28. Gauss’s law states that, the total electric flux linked with a closed surface is equal to 1/ε0times total
charge enclosed by that closed (Gaussian) surface, i.e.
𝑞𝑒𝑛
Φ𝐸 = ∮ 𝐸. 𝑑𝑆 = ε0

Where, qen = total charge inside the closed (Gaussian) surface.

Let us consider , a large plane sheet of charge having surface charge density σ.

Say, electric field is to be obtained at a point P at a distance r from it. Let the Gaussian surface be a
cylinder of cross - sectional area A and length 2r with its axis perpendicular to plane sheet of charge.

𝑞
Now, applying Gauss’s law over the closed Gaussian surface, ∮ 𝐸. 𝑑𝑆 = ε0
𝑆

Closed cylinder comprises of two caps and curved surface area (CSA).

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 13

𝑞
⇒ ∫ 𝐸. 𝑑𝑠 + ∫ 𝐸. 𝑑𝑆 = ε0
𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑠 𝐶𝑆𝐴

0 0 𝑞
∫ 𝐸 𝑑𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0 + ∫ 𝐸 𝑑𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠 90 = ε0
𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑠 𝐶𝑆𝐴
(At caps E and dS are along the same direction whereas at CSA E ⊥ dS)

𝑞 𝑞
∴𝐸 ∫ 𝑑𝑆 = ⇒ 𝐸 × 2𝐴 =
ε0 ε0
𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑠
𝑞 σ 𝑞
⇒𝐸 = 2𝐴ε0
= 2ε0
[∵ σ = 𝐴
]
The direction of E is normal to the plane sheet and directed away from the sheet (when charge on
plate is positive and vice - versa).

OR

Initially, the configuration shown in unstable. The negative charges repel each other. If there is any
slight rotation of one of the rods, the repulsion can result in further rotation away from this
configuration.
There are three possible final configuration as shown below

Configuration (a) is stable. If there positive upper ends of both rods are pushed towards each other,
then their mutual repulsion will move the system back to the original configuration. Configuration (b)
is an equilibrium configuration, but it is unstable. If the lower ends of both the rods are moved towards
each other, then their mutual attraction will be larger than that of the upper ends and thus the
configuration will shift to (C) , another possible stable configuration.

Ans 29. As the electron enters perpendicular to electric and magnetic field , force due to electric field ,
𝐹𝐸 = θ𝐸This will be along the opposite direction of E
Force due to magnetic field,
FB = e(v×B) = eV sin θ
= eVB sin 900 = evB (as v⊥B)
Direction of this force will be given by right hand screw or thumb rule.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 14

As the electron passes undeflected, the force due to the two fields must be equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction.
I.e. FE = FB
𝐸
⇒ eE = evB ⇒ v =
𝐵
So, velocity of electron is E /B.

−13.6
Ans 30. As we know, En = 2 eV
𝑛
⇒ In ground state, n = 1
−13.6
E1 = 2 = -13.6 eV
1
When excited, n = 5
−13.6 −13.6
E5 = 2 = 25 =− 0. 54eV
5
∆𝐸 = 𝐸5 − 𝐸1 =− 0. 54 − (− 13. 6)
= 13.06 eV
= 13.06×1.6×10-19 J
= 2.09×10-18 J
−18
∆𝐸 2.09×10
∵ ∆𝐸 = ℎ𝑣 ⇒ 𝑣 = = −34
ℎ 6.63×10
= 3.15×1015 Hz
8
𝑐 3×10
Wavelength of photon, λ = = 15
𝑣 3.15×10
= 9.52×10-8 m

SECTION - E
Ans 31. (i) Alternating emf, E = E0 sinω𝑡
𝐸 𝐸0
∴ Current in the circuit, I =
𝑅
= 𝑅
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ω𝑡
Or I = I0 sinω𝑡
𝐸0
Where , I0 = is the peak value of current.
𝑅

(ii) Phase difference between the emf and the current is zero.

(iii) Graphical representation of the emf and the current is as shown in figure below:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 15

(iv) Phasor diagram is as shown in figure below

(v) Given , resistance, R = 10Ω

rms value of voltage, Erms = 110 V
𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠 110
⇒ Irms =
𝑅
= 10 = 11𝐴

OR

Principle An AC generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. According to this

whenever there is change in the magnetic flux linked with a coil, an emf is induced across the ends of
the coil.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 16

Working The coil is rotated with a uniform angular speed ωin the magnetic field B of the permanent /
electromagnet such that the axis of coil is perpendicular to the magnetic field. As the coil rotates,
magnetic flux through it changes due to which an emf is induced cross the ends fo the coil.

Expression for alternating emf

Let θbe the angle between the direction and magnetic field B and area vector A. As, ω is the angular
speed, then at any time t, θ = ω𝑡
Flux through the coil at any time
Φ𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = 𝐵𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 ω𝑡
From Faraday’s law, the emf induced in rotating a coil of N turns is
𝑁𝑑Φ𝐵 𝑑
E=− =− 𝑁𝐵𝐴 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ω𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Thus, instantaneous emf is
E = NBAωsin ωt
This emf will be maximum for
sinωt = ± 1
0 0
Or ω𝑡 = 90 , 270
and Emax = E0 = NBAω
∴ E = E0 sinω𝑡
This gives the expression for emf induced. As emf E is a sine function, it varies periodically as the coil
rotates.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 17

Ans 32. (i) The formation of image by a concave lens L is shown in figure below

Consider AB as an object and A’B’ is its image. The object is at a distance u from the lens and its
image is formed at a distance v.
Triangles ABO and A’B’O are similar,
𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝐵
∴
𝐴'𝐵'
= 𝑂𝐵'
Also , triangles NOF and A’B’F are similar
𝑁𝑂 𝑂𝐹
𝐴'𝐵'
= 𝐹𝐵'
But, NO = AB
𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝐹
∴
𝐴'𝐵'
= 𝐹𝐵'
Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝐹
𝑂𝐵'
= 𝐹𝐵'
𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝐹
⇒ 𝑂𝐵' = 𝑂𝐹−𝑂𝐵'
Using sign conventions of coordinate geometry.
Let, OB = -u, OB’ = -v, OF = -f
−𝑢 −𝑓
∴
−𝑣
= −𝑓+𝑣
Or uf - uv = vf or uv = uf - vf
Dividing throughout by uvf, we get
1 1 1
𝑓
= 𝑣
− 𝑢
This is the required lens formula.
(ii) Let x be the distance between the object and the image. Given x = 4 m.
Here u + v = x
1 1 1
According to lens formula,
𝑣
− 𝑢
= 𝑓
1 1 1 𝑣−𝑓 𝑣𝑓
⇒
|𝑢|
= 𝑓 − 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑓 or |𝑢| = 𝑣−𝑓

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 18

𝑣𝑓 𝑣𝑓+𝑣(𝑣−𝑓)
𝑥=𝑢+𝑣= 𝑣−𝑓
+𝑣= 𝑣−𝑓
2 2
⇒ (𝑣 − 𝑓)𝑥 = 𝑣 ⇒ 𝑣 − 𝑣𝑥 + 𝑥𝑓 =0
The solution for this quadratic equation is
2
𝑥± 𝑥 −4𝑓𝑥
v=
2
For real image, v must be positive, i.e. X2 - 4fx ≥0
⇒ X2 ≥ 4fx
𝑥
x≥4f ⇒ f≤
4
𝑥 4
The maximum value of f is
4
= 4
= 1m

OR

Distance of the needle from the lens in the first case = focal length F of the combination of the convex
lens and plano - concave lens formed by the liquid
i.e. F = 50 cm
Distance measured in second case = Focal length of the convex lens, i.e. f1 = + 30 cm
The focal length f2 of the plano - concave lens is given by
1 1 1
𝑓1
+ 𝑓 = 𝐹
2
1 1 1 1 1 3−5
Or
𝑓2
= 𝐹
− 𝑓1
= 50
− 30
= 150
1 −2
⇒
𝑓2
= 150
∴ f2 = -75 cm
Now, for the equiconvex lens, we have
R1 = R, R2 = -R, f = 30 cm, µ = 1. 5
Using lens maker’s formula,

= (µ − 1)⎡⎢ 𝑅 − 𝑅 ⎤⎥
1 1 1
𝑓
⎣ 1 2 ⎦
1 1 1 2
Or = (1. 5 − 1)⎡ 𝑅 + ⎤ = 0. 5 ×
30 ⎣ 𝑅 ⎦ 𝑅
Or 𝑅 = 0. 5 × 2 × 30cm = 30 cm
For plano - convex lens, f = -75 cm
For concave surface, R1, = -R = -30 cm
For plane surface, R2 = ∞

= (µ − 1)⎡⎢ 𝑅 − ⎤
1 1 1
As , ⎥
𝑓 𝑅2
⎣ 1 ⎦
1 1 1
= (µ − 1)⎡ −30 − ⎤
−75 ⎣ ∞⎦
−30 2
Or µ − 1 = = 5
−75

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 19

2 7
Or µ =1+ =
5 5
⇒µ = 14

Ans 33. (i) (a) Let E be emf and r is the internal resistance of each cell
V = Eeq - Ir ⇒ V = 3E - Ir
When I = 0, V = 6 V (from graph)
6
⇒ 6 = 3E - 0 ⇒ 𝐸 = = 2𝑉
3
Emf of each cell is 2V.
(b) For maximum power dissipation , the effective internal resistance (r) of cells must be equal to
external resistance (R)
When V = 0, I = 2 A
∵ V = Eeq - Ir
∴ 0 = 3E - 2×r
Or 0 = 3×2 - 2 r
Or 2r = 6 ⇒ r = 3Ω
For maximum power dissipation current in circuit,
r = 3Ω = R
i.e. internal resistance = external resistance.
𝐸𝑒𝑞
I=
𝑅+𝑟
3×2
∴ I = 3+3 = 1𝐴

(ii) Let I be the length and r be the radius of copper wire.

When it is stretched, its new radius becomes
r’ = r - 0.1% of r ⇒ r’ = 0.99 r
Now, volume will remain constant.
2 2
⇒ π𝑟 = π𝑟 I’ (I’ is its new length)
2 2
⇒ π𝑟 𝐼 = π(0. 99𝑟) 𝐼'
𝐼
⇒ I’ = 2
(0.99)
If A’ is new area, then
2
𝐴 π𝑟 1
𝐴'
= 2 = 2
π(0.99𝑟) (0.99)
2
⇒ A’ = (0.99) A
Percentage increase in resistance
𝐼' ρ𝑙
𝑅'−𝑅 ρ 𝐴' − 𝐴
=
𝑅
× 100 = 𝐼 × 100
ρ𝐴
1.041−1
=
1
× 100 = 4. 1%

OR

(i) When a conductor is subjected to an electric field E, each electron experiences a force F = -eE and
free electron acquires an acceleration

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in
 _____________________________________________________________________________ 20

𝐹 𝑒𝐸
a=
𝑚
=− 𝑚
…..(i)

Where, m = mass of electron , e = electronic charges and E = electric field Free electron starts
accelerating and gains velocity and collisions with atoms and molecules of the conductor. The
average time difference between two consecutive collisions is known as relaxation time of electron
→ τ1+τ2+....+τ𝑛
and τ= 𝑛
……..(i)

Where τ1, τ2,...... τ𝑛are the average time difference between 1st, 2nd, …….. nth collisions.
∴ v1 , v2 ,........ , vn are velocities gained by electron in 1st, 2nd …...nth collisions with initial thermal
velocities u1 , u2, …….. Un , respectively.
∴ v1 = u1 + aτ1, v2 = u2 + aτ2, vn = un + aτ𝑛
The drift speed vd may be defined as
𝑣1+𝑣2+....𝑣𝑛
vd =
𝑛
(𝑢1+𝑢2+....𝑢𝑛)+𝑎(τ1+τ2+....+τ𝑛)
Or vd =
𝑛
(𝑢1+𝑢2+....𝑢𝑛) 𝑎(τ1+τ2+....+τ𝑛)
Or vd =
𝑛
+ 𝑛
Or vd = 0 + aτ [∵ Average thermal velocity in n-collisions = 0]

vd = − ( )τ
𝑒𝐸
𝑚
[from Eq. (i)]

This is the required expression or drift speed of free electrons

(ii) Given, R27 = 100Ω, Rt = 117Ω

−4 0
α = 170 × 10 / 𝐶
𝑅𝑡−𝑅27
Temperature coefficient, α = 𝑅27(𝑡−27)
𝑅𝑡−𝑅27
⇒𝑡 − 27 = 𝑅27.α
117−100
= −4 = 1000
100×170×10
⇒ t = 1000 + 27 = 10270C

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pre-Board International Scholarship Examination (PBISE) sponsored by BITS-Pilani Dubai Campus
Register Free for the exam at www.pbise.in