TEST NAME: Cell Membrane

TEST ID: 6183

GRADE: 10
SUBJECT: Life and Physical Sciences
TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom

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Student:
Class:
Date:

1. Which processes occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A. waste production and meiosis

B. waste production and DNA replication
C. cellular respiration and metamorphosis
D. cellular respiration and gamete production

2. A young plant grows toward a light source, and its roots grow downward due to
gravity. Which universal characteristic of life do these actions best illustrate?

A. All living things reproduce.

B. All living things maintain homeostasis.
C. All living things respond to their environment.
D. All living things adapt to their environment through evolution.

3. Although the method varies between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, all organisms
have the ability to do which process?

A. form new organisms from eggs

B. move in order to avoid predators
C. make sugar through photosynthesis
D. produce new cells from existing cells

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4. A student examines a sample of matter under a microscope. Which observation
can the student make that will demonstrate conclusively that the matter is from a
living organism?

A. It contains carbon.
B. It has a protein coat.
C. It contains molecules.
D. It has a cellular structure.

5. Which structure is paired correctly with its function?

A. tendons; energy storage

B. muscle; message center
C. cartilage; flexible support
D. bone; protection from pathogens

6. The basic structure of the digestive system is a long tube plus accessory glands.
What is the function of the accessory glands?

A. to remove nutrients from food

B. to remove undigested material from food
C. to produce nutrients that are added to food
D. to produce secretions that are added to food

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7. Which cellular structures work together to collect proteins after they are
synthesized and prepare them for transport out of a cell?
A. nucleus and Golgi apparatus
B. mitochondrion and chloroplast
C. rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum

8. A cell forms a vesicle as part of the process of bringing material from its
environment into its interior. Which substances is the cell most likely bringing in?
A. oxygen molecules
B. sodium ions
C. large proteins
D. low-energy electrons

9. Glucose carried by the blood rapidly enters liver cells through specific transport
proteins in the plasma membrane. Fructose, a structural isomer of glucose, is
rejected by this transport protein. What does this illustrate about transport
proteins?
A. Transport proteins work on the basis of diffusion.
B. Transport proteins are selective for a specific molecule.
C. Transport proteins permit passage of similar molecules.
D. Transport proteins allow passage of hydrophobic molecules.

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10. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

The plasma membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer. A portion of a plasma

membrane is shown in the diagram. Which feature of phospholipid molecules
prevents water-soluble substances from readily diffusing through the membrane?

A. the fluid motion of the phospholipid molecules within the membrane

B. the strong covalent bonds between phosphate regions of adjacent
phospholipid molecules
C. the phosphate ends of the phospholipid molecules that exhibit an attraction
for water molecules
D. the hydrophobic, fatty acid “tails” of the phospholipid molecules occupying
the center portions of the membrane

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11. Which chart best identifies the main role of two plasma membrane components?
A.

B.

C.

D.

12. Membrane proteins combine specifically and temporarily with molecules or ions
beingtransported across the cell membrane. In which transport mechanism do
membrane proteins require energy to perform this function?
A. osmosis
B. diffusion
C. active transport
D. facilitated diffusion

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13. In the 1890s, a scientist reasoned that in order for a substance to enter a cell, that
substance must dissolve. The scientist tested which types of substances were
absorbed by plant root cells. The results showed that substances that dissolve
easily in lipids were more likely to be absorbed than substances that dissolve
easily in water. What did this result allow scientists to learn about how the cell
membrane regulates the entrance of substances into the cell?
A. The cell membrane contains proteins that actively import lipid molecules into
the cell.
B. The cell membrane is made of substances that dissolve easily in water rather
than lipids.
C. The cell membrane contains lipids that selectively allow lipid-soluble
substances into the cell.
D. The cell membrane can change its structure when it encounters lipids the cell
needs to import.

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14. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

The diagram shows how a cell membrane protein changes its shape while
performing its function. Which property of the cell membrane is illustrated by the
process shown in the diagram?

A. It allows particles to enter or exit the cell through diffusion.

B. It uses energy to move certain particles into and out of the cell.
C. It uses both lipids and proteins to prevent particles from entering or exiting
the cell.
D. It allows lipids and proteins to enter and exit the cell instead of other types of
molecules.

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15. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

The diagram shows one type of movement by a carrier protein in which solute
particles are moving down a concentration gradient. Based on the diagram, which
statement best describes how this activity is controlled?

A. A solute particle pushes against a carrier protein, causing it to break through

the membrane.
B. A solute particle can make a carrier protein, which helps it pass through the
membrane as needed.
C. A solute particle binds with ATP molecules embedded in the cell, which pulls
it through the membrane.
D. A solute particle binds to a carrier protein, which changes the protein’s shape
to help it pass through the membrane.

16. Some membrane proteins can form channels that allow the transport of specific
ions across a cell membrane. Which transport mechanism allows these membrane
proteins to function without requiring energy?
A. osmosis
B. diffusion
C. active transport
D. facilitated diffusion

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17. Which of the following best describes structures in the plasma membrane that
allow small molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through?
A. spaces between the phospholipids
B. channels embedded in the bilayer created by cholesterol
C. embedded proteins that use energy to transport substances
D. carbohydrate chains attached to proteins that can carry specific substances

18. Immersion of animal cells in a salt solution causes the cells to lose water and
shrink. Which statement best describes why the animal cells lose water through
their membrane barrier?
A. The lipid bilayer breaks down.
B. Unequal solute concentrations cause osmosis.
C. The proteins in the membrane denature when exposed to salt.
D. Energy-driven pumping proteins force water to flow out of the cell.

19. How do large molecules that cannot enter the cell through the phospholipid bilayer
or through protein channels enter the cell?
A. through exocytosis
B. through aquaporins
C. through endocytosis
D. through passive transport

20. Transport proteins in the cell membrane are highly selective with regard to the
molecules they can carry across the cell membrane, and sometimes require energy
to do so. Which factor determines whether energy is required by the transport
proteins?
A. cellular function of the molecules
B. number of elements included in the molecules
C. concentration gradient across the cell membrane
D. number of transport proteins present in cell membrane

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21. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

The diagram shows how some substances interact with the plasma membrane of a
cell. Which property of the plasma membrane is shown by the diagram?

A. The plasma membrane only allows certain molecules to move across it, which
makes it a good regulatory structure for the cell.
B. The plasma membrane uses energy to move all substances into the cell, which
makes it a good protective barrier for the cell.
C. The plasma membrane allows all substances to move into the cell to provide
the cell with the gases, water, and nutrients it needs to survive.
D. The plasma membrane is made of structures that block the movement of all
substances out of the cell so that the cell does not lose the gases, water, and
nutrients stored in the cell’s interior.

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22. Which statement best describes the plasma membranes of most cells?
A. They are made of one layer of lipids with channels that allow certain materials
into cells.
B. They are made of one layer of proteins with channels that allow certain
materials into cells.
C. They are made of two layers of lipids that regulate the movement of material
into and out of cells.
D. They are made of two layers of proteins that regulate the movement of
material into and out of cells.

23. Plasma membranes are composed of a variety of components, such as

phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Which property of the plasma
membrane is most related to the presence of these components?
A. strength, so that cells can travel long distances
B. solubility, so that the cell can maintain homeostasis
C. thickness, so that cytoplasm does not leak out of the cells
D. rigidity, so that molecules cannot access the inside of the cells

24. In some instances, a living cell needs to accumulate certain substances against a
concentration gradient. Which structural component of the plasma membrane
assists in this transport?
A. cholesterol which is activated by ATP
B. specific proteins that are activated by ATP
C. hydrophobic fatty acid tails in the bilayer structure
D. hydrophilic phosphate groups in the bilayer structure

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25. Use the illustration below to answer the question.

Which process is illustrated?

A. osmosis
B. diffusion
C. exocytosis
D. facilitated diffusion

26. When a cell is submerged in extremely salty water, it loses volume without
expending any energy. Which statement best explains why the cell can make this
change without using any of its stored energy?
A. Ions in solution help to widen channel proteins.
B. The salt provides chemical energy for the change.
C. Water molecules cross the cell’s membrane by osmosis.
D. Solutions generate energy as they reach concentration equilibrium.

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27. Which statement best compares two methods of transporting substances across a
plasma membrane?
A. Osmosis requires an input of energy by a cell, while active transport moves
substances down a concentration gradient with no input of energy by the cell.
B. Osmosis requires no input of energy by a cell, while active transport moves
substances against a concentration gradient with the input of energy by the
cell.
C. Facilitated diffusion requires no input of energy by a cell, while active
transport moves substances down a concentration gradient with the input of
energy by the cell.
D. Facilitated diffusion requires an input of energy by a cell, while active
transport moves substances against a concentration gradient with no input of
energy by the cell.

28. Cells use transport proteins to move glucose down a concentration gradient into
the cell. They also use transport proteins to pump sodium ions out of the cell and
potassium ions into the cell. The sodium-potassium pump requires energy while
moving glucose does not. Which statement describes these two types of
transport?
A. Sodium-potassium ions move by endocytosis, and glucose moves by
exocytosis.
B. Sodium-potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by
osmosis.
C. Sodium-potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by
facilitated diffusion.
D. Sodium-potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by
active transport.

29. The use of ion pumps by a neuron requires direct expenditure of which resource?
A. ATP
B. heat
C. oxygen
D. glucose

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30. Use the diagram below to answer the question.

How does the structure labeled X help maintain homeostasis in cells?

A. by supplying the enzymes needed by cells

B. by regulating the amount of water in cells
C. by transmitting electric signals between cells
D. by producing the materials that break down waste within cells

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