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The document discusses electrostatic potential and capacitance, detailing the work done in moving charges and the energy stored in capacitors. It includes derivations for potential energy of point charges and electric dipoles in uniform fields, as well as the effects of dielectrics on capacitance. Key equations and principles regarding electric fields, potential differences, and the behavior of capacitors are also presented.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
24 views3 pages

Adobe Scan 16-Mar-2025

The document discusses electrostatic potential and capacitance, detailing the work done in moving charges and the energy stored in capacitors. It includes derivations for potential energy of point charges and electric dipoles in uniform fields, as well as the effects of dielectrics on capacitance. Key equations and principles regarding electric fields, potential differences, and the behavior of capacitors are also presented.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrostatic Potentialand Capacitance ) Let the test charge be moved towatd, PHYSIC

V= Ed=3x 10 x10-3x10'V throuh a distance dx agai


from A to B
The required potential is 3x 10° V the clectric field
) The work done in moving the unit poit
Requircd potential > possible pd. so it is not distance de is
charge through
dw
possible to charge the capacitor to x10°V sign will indicate force
a 50\ The ncgative dircction
9. A 12pF capacitor ik connected toenergy is opposite
battery. How mach clectrostatic are in
of work done in irn
The total amount
stored in the cepaitor ? iv) thetest charge from infinityto Pis cbait
A, Capacitance ofacapacitx. C =-12pF the above cquation of dw
12x10'F byintegrating
\aliage of buttery V= 50V
w- jaw=j-Fds,
Energy stored in the canaitor
dx =

placed ina
clectric dipole of moment P is
10. An fekd E. with P
parallcl to E. W= 4T E0 L
electric 4TEDL Xo
argee. Find the work
uniforn
rotated bysa
IIs then q40
done. angle 4nE0
the dipole from
Work dane in rang definition is given s
v) The potential at P by
W
W= PE cs -s,) V=.
c o s - =PEl- cos 0) 40
W= PE
point which is z.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS The electric potential at a
1
for the potential at a
1. Derive an erpression distancer fromq is V=
distance from a point charge.
potential due to point electrostat
A. Expression for the 2. Derive an expression for the
poi
charge: potential energy of asystem of twoelectri
q placed with
i) Consider a positive point charge electric charges and find its relation
produces an potential of a charge.
at a point 0. The charge
distance
field around it Let A be a point at a A. Consider two point charges +q,
and q, at A
field strength
x from O. Let E be the electric B with position vectors and i, respective
at A, along the line OA,given by

It is desired
as shown in Fig. Let AB= r12.
E find the potential energy of this system.
V=0,+q, at infinity
dx Eor F
*qi
AG) B)
Force acting on a test charge g, placed at A
(i) First assume that the two charges +4,
br:
is F=goE=. 94 and is along OA +q, are infinite apart at rest. If we
charge +q, from infinity to its orig1
76 - IPESTUDY MATERIAL for Sr. Studen
PHYSICS and Capacitance
* Electrostatic Potential
postition A, no work is done dipole from
electrostatic force acts on it because no The total work done in rotating the,, with the
charge.
due to any other its orientation making an angle
direction of the field to 0, will be
A When. we bring charge +q, from
infinity
(where V=0) to its original position B, W- fdw = pEsin9de
will have to be done due to the
work
repulsive
force of +9,. This work done is equal to = pE[-coso pE(cos8, -cos,)
potential difference between B and o This work done is stored as the potential energy
multiplied by charge tq, ie., U
of the dipole.
W=(Vg -0)q2 U= pE(cos 0, -cos ,)
Now VB = ; W=92 If initially the dipole is oriented perpendicular
AE02 to the direction of the field (0, = 90') and then
4TE02
By definition this is the electric potential energy brought to some orientation making an angle
(U) of the two-charge system. 0 with the field (, = 0), then potential energy
1 4192 of the dipole will be
U= W=
U=pE(cos 90- cos 0) =pE (0-cos )
3. Derive an expression for the potential energy U=-pEcos =-p.E
of an electirc dipole placed in auniform 4. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a
electric field ? parallel plate capacitor ?
A. Potential energy of a dipole placed in a uniform (May, March-2014, May 17 AP)
electirc field. A. It consists of two flat, parallel metal plates
separated by a small distance as shown in Fig.
The space between the plates may have vacuum
t9 (or air, which has practically the same electrical
properties) or some other insulating material
such as mica, glass or paper. Consider a parallel
2a sine
plate capacitor having air/vacuum in the space
-qE B:q between the plates.
+q -q

Consider an electric dipole placed in a uniform +


electric field with its dipole moment p + E
making an angle e with the field. Two equal
and opposite force +q E act on its two ends.
The two forces form a couple. The torque
exerted by the couple will be
Let A = area of each plate
t = Force x perpendicular distance between two d = distance between the plates
forces
V= p.d across the plates
t=qEx(AC) q= charge on each plate
T=qEx 2a sin = pEsin 0 O= surface charge density on either plate = q/A
Where q x2a =p, is the dipole moment. The electric field between the plates is uniform
If the dipole is rotated through a small angle and its magnitude is given by :
small
db against the torque acting on it, then the E==
work done is dW=de = pEsin6 do Alo

UPE STUDY MATERIAL for Sr. Students *77


Capacitance *
Potentialand So cach molecule is
Lfectrostatic distort
Each molecule gets a dipoleed or

N the
At
captae oftheparallel plate
polariscd molecules
ing the external ficld. produce mOITIet,
a field
Batq\ iii) When a capacitor is connected
apotential difference V t0 a
appears
plates and an clectric fieldJE
te
| appears
we nt.
n aif
air the plates.
that capacitanceof a parallel plate
Note area A and
() plate iv) If non polar dielectric is
Capacitor depends on
() separation betwecn
plates d. the plates of the condenser, introduced
eaach
b

Note : If the space herween the plates is filled of the dielectric wiill be
polarised. moleo
with a medium of absolute
permittivity at the surface of the
dieletric, Therelen
dielectirnidcue
permittivity of charges appear. The entire
(E=Ka here Kis the rolative capacitor polarised.
the med1um), then capacitance of the
V) The induced surface charges are
of
pltheates.opponearInsidb
sign to actual charges on the
G,4,KA .-....n a medium the volume of the dielectric,
Naz that c a e of the capacitor becomes
positive and negative charges
cancel
other.
K ums at of air capacitor. This shows that vi) Due to the induced surface
caraa
capacitor can also be increased charges
surface of the dielectric there will at the
ty rplaing air with a dielectirc (e.g., mica,
pa )cf bigh relative permittivity. induced electric field E, developedarisein ;
S. Explaia the behaviour of dielectrics in an
direction opposite to Eg
eterral feld. vii) Hence, the net electric field inside th
A. When a nopolar dielectric material is placed
dielectric is reduced to E = E - E Te
in an clecric fieldE, the
potential difference V, (without tt:
positions of centre dielectric) will get reduced to V(with te
of postive charge will be displaced in the dielectric).
directian of the field and the center of
negative charge in the opposite direction. .:. E= E andV Vo
K K
Where K is dielectric constant of
But the charge on the plates dielectrith
Nd negative . Net positive same as Q. remains
charge
charge
Non-polar The capacitance of the
Non-polar capacitor wi
No field inside a field dielectric will be C= KC,
No net charge Where Ch is capacitance without tb:
dielectric
viii) The effect of
introducing a
between the plates of a capacitor dielectr
00060 is
ü) 0000 a) To increase the
capacitance to K times ts
capacitance without the dielectric
b) To reduce the electric feld and
78 Heid E,
1/K times the values without
potential
dielectric.
IPE STUDY MATERIAL for Sr.
Student

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