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Lab 1

The document outlines the objectives and hardware involved in Lab 1, focusing on familiarization with laboratory equipment and safety precautions. It details various equipment such as the Reactive Power Controller, Universal Multifunction Meter, and Synchronous Machine, along with their functions and specifications. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of safety measures while conducting experiments in the laboratory.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
24 views14 pages

Lab 1

The document outlines the objectives and hardware involved in Lab 1, focusing on familiarization with laboratory equipment and safety precautions. It details various equipment such as the Reactive Power Controller, Universal Multifunction Meter, and Synchronous Machine, along with their functions and specifications. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of safety measures while conducting experiments in the laboratory.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

Lab 1
Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and
Safety
Precautions

Objectives
▪ To get familiarized with laboratory equipment.
▪ To get familiarized with safety precautions associated with this
laboratory.

Hardware
▪ Reactive Power Controller (745 0911)
▪ Universal Multifunction Meter (727 230)
▪ Three-Phase Supply Unit with FCCB (726 75)
▪ Control Unit for Magnetic Powder Brake (732 55)
▪ Magnetic Powder Brake (732 54)
▪ Switchable Capacitor Battery (745 095)
▪ Squirrel Cage Motor 230/400 V 1.0
▪ Excitation Voltage Controller (745 021)
▪ Synchronous Machine SC 1.0 (733 07)
▪ Pendulum Machine 1.0/2.0 (732 68)
▪ Control Unit for Pendulum Machine 1.0/2.0 (732 695)
▪ Incremental Tacho 1.0 (732 592)
▪ Resistive Load 1.0 (733 10)
▪ Inductive Load 0.1/0.3/1.0 (732 42)
▪ Capacitive Load (733 11)
▪ Moving Iron Meter (727 32)
▪ Single and Three Phase Measurements (68-100)

In-Lab Tasks
Reactive Power Controller 745 0911
The reactive power controller 745 0911 has four switching outputs with which
the capacitor blocks of the capacitor bank 745095 can be switched. It has two
different operating modes (manual and automatic) which are preselected with
BR 6000 touch panel on the unit. In the manual operating mode, the capacitor

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

blocks can be connected or disconnected. The switching state of the capacitor


bank is displayed on panel. Above them is a row of LED"s which displays the
cos cp value in the range between 0.7 Ind. and 0.98 Cap. Via its four switching
outputs, the reactive power controller switches the capacitor blocks as desired.
In conjunction with the capacitor bank, which contains capacitors having a
capacitance ratio of 1:2:4:8, it is possible to set 15 different total capacitances.

Figure 1.1: Reactive Power Controller 745 0911

Universal Multifunction Meter (727 230)


This unit allows parameter measurement of 3 or 4 wire, balanced, 3-phase
systems. The parameter include voltage, current, power factor, watts, KVA,
KVAR, KW, kWh, kVarh etc.

Figure 1.2: Setting Working Directory

Three-Phase Supply Unit with FCCB (726 75)


This training panel is part of the modular TPS training panel system and
permits the tree-phase power supply of experiment setups. The training panel
is also equipped with a protective power circuit breaker. Furthermore, there is
additional fault-current circuit breaker 30 mA for protection against leakage
and creepage currents. The various parts of this module labelled in the figure
1.3 are described as follows:

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

1. Phase control lamps L1, L2, L3, N


2. Connection socket L1, L2; L3, N
3. Mains switch
4. Fault current circuit breaker 30 mA
5. Motor circuit breaker 6…10 A 6. Connection socket PE

Figure 1.3: Three-Phase Supply Unit with FCCB (726 75)

Control Unit for Magnetic Powder Brake (732 55)


It delivers the current to the magnetic power brake either in open loop or
closed loop control. It is used to control up to 1 kW machines. Here brake
current is controlled throng the break knob.

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions
Figure 1.4: Control Unit for Magnetic Powder Brake (732 55)

Magnetic Powder Brake (732 54)


In can be coupled with the induction motor as a variable load and controlled
through the control unit (732 55).

Figure 1.5: Magnetic Powder Brake (732 54)

Switchable Capacitor Battery (745 095)


The switchable capacitor battery 745 095 is used in the 3-phase network to
absorb inductive reactive power. The capacitor battery contains 4 switching
blocks which can be combined in 16 different ways, providing a different total
capacitance in each case. Each of the 4 switching blocks consists of 3
capacitors connected in star configuration. The capacitances of the four
switching blocks are dimensioned in the ratio 1:2:4:8. For safety reasons, the
capacitors are connected with discharge resistors. These ensure that the
capacitors are discharged and thus deenergized. This also reduces the load on
the switching contacts of the contactors. The 16 different switching
combinations allow the selection of reactive powers between 0 var and 1350
var in steps of 90 var. The 1st block provides a maximum reactive power of 90
var with the 3 smallest capacitances. Using the 2nd block, twice the reactive
power can be achieved by doubling the capacitance, and so on.

Figure 1.6: Switchable Capacitor Battery (745 095)

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

Squirrel Cage Motor 230/400 V 1.0


Machine with one shaft end is insulated built on an aluminium base with glides.
The machine is to be operated on the machine bench. All connections are
brought out through connection box separated on 4 mm safety plugs. The
nominal ratings are mounted on three rating plates on the connection box. The
machine is protected by a built-in stator winding temperature switch against
overload. In addition to the protective conductor connection attachment for
potential equalization line via M6 thread on the connection box is also
provided.
▪ Power: 1.1 kW
▪ Voltage: 400 V, Y ▪ Current: 3,0 A
▪ Frequency: 50 Hz
▪ Power factor: 0.76
▪ Design: 4 poles
▪ Speed: 1400 min-1

Figure 1.7: Squirrel Cage Motor 230/400 V 1.0

Excitation Voltage Controller (745 021)


Adjustable power supply with smoothed current and voltage for supplying
power to a synchronous machine in the power class 0.3 kW or 1.0 kW.
Adjustment of the output voltage can be carried out internally using the
UP/DOWN pushbutton or externally via 4-mm sockets using switching contacts,
TTL-level or 24 V DC. The setting direction is indicated by two yellow LED's.
When the synchronous machine is run up asynchronously, it is not necessary to
short circuit the excitation winding.
▪ Output voltage U: 0...200 V
▪ Output current I: max. 2,5 A
▪ The output is overload-proof and short-circuit-proof.
▪ Supply voltage: 230 V, 50/60 Hz

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

Figure 1.8: Excitation Voltage Controller (745 021)

Synchronous Machine SC 1.0 (733 07)


The synchronous machine is the heart of the experiments. It is of a four-pole
design with non-salient pole core rotor and damper winding. The machine can
be used as a motor or a generator and the rated data along with this machine
is shown in figure 1.9. The machine is protected against overload by a thermal
circuit-breaker. In the present experiment the machine is used only as a
generator in star connection.

Figure 1.9: Synchronous machine SC 1.0 (733 07)

Pendulum Machine 1.0/2.0 (732 68)


The pendulum machine is DC shunt wound machine with integrated torque
recording which can be used in generator operation or in drive operation as
drive machine with torque measurement. The machine can also be used for the
determination of the efficiency by the measurement of the torques being
transmitted between the driving machine and the synchronous machine. In
conjunction with the control unit, a four-quadrant operation with energy
recovery to the three-phase network can be realized. The rated data of this
machine along with its rated data is shown in figure 1.10. The machine is
protected against overloads by a thermal circuit-breaker and by a separate
ventilation.

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

Figure 1.10: Pendulum machine 1.0/2.0 (732 68)

Control Unit for Pendulum Machine 1.0/2.0 (732 695)


The control unit serves to supply voltage to the exciter winding and armature
winding of the pendulum machine. The microprocessor-controlled device is
designed for the following operating modes:
▪ Automatic digital torque and speed control
▪ Non-controlled operation
▪ Automatic recording of load and run-up characteristics
▪ External operation
In the present experiment only the closed-loop speed-controlled modus in
isolated operation will be made use of. If the generator is to be coupled to the
mains, then select the operating mode "uncontrolled operation". For a detailed
description of all the device's various functions please refer to the instruction
sheet of the control unit. Additional instructions, which are of particular interest
for conducting the experiments here, can be found in the experiment
descriptions. The description of various parts of this module as highlighted in
figure 1.10 are listed below.
1. Connection power supply 3 x 400 V/ 50/60 Hz
2. Fixed voltage output for the excitation of the pendulum machine 200 V / 1 A
DC
3. Variable armature voltage and armature current supply for the pendulum
machine -300 V … +300 V / -20 A … +20 A DC
4. 4 – digit 7-segment display for indicating speed, torque and malfunction
codes. The value displayed depends on the operating mode and the
operating condition.
5. Pushbutton for the display of the speed limit (InMINI)
6. Pushbutton for the display of the speed limit (InMAXI)
7. Rocker switch for modifying the reference variable (REFERENCE VARIABLE)
8. Display changeover (DISPLAY)
9. 2 – quadrant operation (MOTOR OPERATION ONLY)
10.Operating mode changeover switch (MODE)
11.Changeover switch INTERN/EXTERN
12.On/off switch for the control electronics

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

13.The rocker switch for starting the automatic recording of the characteristic,
as well as for the interruption of any given operating state.
14.Torque input (MIN)
15.Extern control input (EXTERN)
16.Analog speed input (na IN)
17.Digital speed input (nd IN)
18.Temperature monitoring of the pendulum machine under test (𝜗𝐵𝑅𝐴𝐾𝐸)
19.Temperature monitoring of the machine under test (𝜗𝑀𝑈𝑇)
20.RESET
21.Analog speed output (nOUT)
22.PEN-LIFT output
23.Analog torque output (MOUT)
24.4 – quadrant display
25.Serial output (SERIAL OUT)
26.Fuse, control electronics T0.315
27.Fuse, excitation of the pendulum machine T1.0

Figure 1.11: Control unit for pendulum machine 1.0/2.0 (732 695)

Incremental Tacho 1.0 (732 592)


For registering the speed of electrical machines in the 1.0 kW power class. The
TTLcompatible signals A, B and REF are accessible via 4-mm sockets. 1024
pulses at A or B corresponds to a mechanical angle of rotation of 360 degrees.
The signals A and B are phase-shifted by 90 degrees for the determination of

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

the shaft's rotation direction. The REF-pulse is generated 1 x per shaft


revolution. The universal speed indicator is needed for the power supply and
display.
▪ Connection via 6-pole DIN socket
▪ Speed: max. 10,000 rpm
▪ Increments: 1024 pulses/360 degrees
▪ Contained in scope of delivery: Connection cable, 6-pole, L = 1.5 m

Figure 1.12: Incremental Tacho 1.0 (732 592)

Resistive Load 1.0 (733 10)


The load is designed for three-phase and consists of three variable resistors R
= 0 - 1000 Ω each containing a series resistor R = 22 Ω. The series resistors
can be loaded to a maximum 2.5 A and are correspondingly protected. The
load on the rotary rheostats depends on the setting of the knob. At the far left
limit a continuous current can amount to a maximum of 0.35 A and at the far
right limit a maximum of 2.5 A. The continuous load for the settings in between
can be derived linearly from the end values and the position of the knob. The
individual resistors of the load can be connected in either delta or star
configuration. In the experiments carried out here only the star connection is
made use of.

Figure 1.13: Resistive load 1.0 (733 10)

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

Inductive Load 0.1/0.3/1.0 (732 42)


This component is also designed as a three-phase load and consists of three
individual inductances with taps. The following values can be tapped:
▪ 0.2H - 0.4H - 0.6H (max. load 0.65 A each) ▪ 0.8H -
1.0H - 1.2H (max. load 0.50 A each)
▪ 2.4H - 4.8H - 6.0H (max. load 0.25 A each)
The individual inductances of the load can be connected in delta or star
connection. Only the star configuration will be used in the experiments found
here.

Figure 1.14: Inductive load 0.1/0.3/1.0 (732 42)

Capacitive Load (733 11)


This load is also three-phase and consists of three discrete groups of
capacitors. The following values (and their combinations) can be connected:
1. 2 μF- 4 μF- 8 μF – 16 μF
The capacitance values 2μF and 4μF are designed for 450 V AC. The
capacitance values 8 μF and 16 μF are designed for 400 V AC. The individual
capacitances of the load can be connected in delta or star connection. In the
experiments carried out here only the star connection is used.

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

Figure 1.15: Capacitive load (733 11)

Moving Iron Meter (727 32)


This is a moving iron ammeter with a front frame spanning 144 x 144 mm. The
equipment class is 1.5 with measurement range of 0 -2.5 A.

Figure 1.16: Moving Iron Meter (727 32)

Single and Three Phase Measurements (68-100)


This module is capable of measuring voltage, current, power, power factor,
watts, KVA, KVAR and KWH etc. on 3 to 4 wire, balanced/unbalanced 3-phase
systems. It takes power from supply of 230 or 120 V at 50 or 60 Hz
respectively. It is rated at 750 V ac at 5 A per phase. It carries a digital display
with programmable setting and connections to this module are made via 4 mm
shrouded connecting leads.

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

Figure 1.17: Single and three phase measurements (68-100)

Safety Precautions
1. Students are expected to work with high voltages in this laboratory. It is
therefore imperative that extra precautions be taken while handling the
equipment. Moreover, students must concentrate on their work and not
allow any distractions to ensure their safety. Any instances of non-serious
behaviour will be dealt with strictly and the offender may be asked to leave
the laboratory.
2. Students must show their connections to the lab instructor before powering
on the equipment to avoid any damages.
3. Students must pay attention to the measurement instruments along with
their equipment. Any erroneous or out of ordinary measurements must be
reported to the lab instructor immediately and the experiment must be
continued in his/her presence.
4. Shut down the equipment via proper breakers immediately if you smell or
see smoke rising from any of the equipment or hear unusual sounds and
report the issue to lab instructor or attendant. Do the same if you can feel
any machines overheating.
5. Ensure that the couplings and the exposed shaft ends are protected with
the corresponding guards so that no physical contact with rotating parts is
possible. Loose clothing must not be worn in lab as it might get stuck in the
rotating parts of machines and cause physical distress/harm.
6. When connecting the machines extra effort should be made to have the
connecting leads arranged in a clear and straightforward manner. These
parts must not come into contact with rotating parts under any
circumstances.
7. It is recommended that the measurements should be carried out on
"warmedup" machines to obtain reproducible experiment results.

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

8. In accordance with vendor stipulations, the metal parts which are off circuit
(e.g., the housing) must be connected to the protective conductor. The
protective conductor is exclusively designed for this function and must not
be connected to the neutral conductor N in the circuit.
9. When the machine-generator set is running then the load connected to the
stator terminals must not be removed or reconnected, since this will result
in disturbances for the control unit of the machine thereby triggering the
overcurrent protection mechanism and switching off the pendulum
machine.
10.Should modifications to the circuits be undertaken in the stator circuit when
the synchronous machine is running, then the excitation must be reduced to
zero before this can be carried out.
11.High induction voltages can occur at the reactors when the current is
interrupted. Before changing the experiment set-up (e.g., selecting a
different measurement range on a meter), the current is to be shut off using
the threepole cut-out switch.

Post-lab Task
Submit a report summarizing what you have learned about the laboratory
equipment.

Critical Analysis / Conclusion (To be filled in by the student)

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual


Lab1 – Familiarization with Laboratory Equipment and Safety Precautions

Lab Assessment (To be filled by the lab-instructor)

Pre-Lab /5

In-Lab /5

Results /5

/25
Viva /5

Critical
/5
Analysis

Comments:

Instructor Name Instructor Signature

EEE375 – Power Distribution and Utilization Laboratory Manual

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