TREND ANALYSIS JEE (MAIN) 2020 - 2024

PHYSICS
Ch. No. Chapter Name 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2024
Jan. S1 April. S2
(2 Shift) (2 Shift)
1 Physics and Measurement 15 15 6 9 2 3

2 Kinematics 17 17 9 5 4
3 Laws of Motion 9 9 9 15 1 6
4 Work, Energy and Power 19 19 — 7 4 4

5 Rotational Motion 37 37 7 6 3 2
6 Gravitation 14 14 5 9 2 2
7 Properties of Solids and Liquids 16 16 7 8 5 6

8 Thermodynamics 27 27 6 6 1 1

9 Kinetic Theory of Gases 18 18 3 7 3 2

10 Oscillations and Waves 22 22 8 11 5 1

11 Electrostatics 33 33 6 11 4 2
12 Current Electricity 20 20 7 19 5 7

13 Magnetic Effects of Current 31 31 4 9 4 4

14 Electromagnetic Induction and Alter-

23 23 11 11 4 6
nating Currents
15 Electromagnetic Waves 13 13 5 3 2
16 Optics 35 35 8 12 3 3

17 Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation 16 16 5 5 2 1

18 Atoms and Nuclei

16 16 5 14 4 4

19 Electronic Devices
16 16 5 5 2 3

Total Questions 397 397 116 172 60 60



(8)
 JEE (Main) PHYSICS
SAMPLE PRACTICE PAPER
Time : 1 Hour Total Marks : 100

General Instructions :
1. This question paper consists of Physics Q. no. 1 to 30.
2. This Paper is divided into two sections:
Ÿ Section A Consists of 20 multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (1), (2), (3) and (4), out of which ONLY ONE
is correct.
Ÿ Section B consist of 10 questions, Numerical Value Type Questions - In Section B, attempt any five questions out of 10. The
answer to each question is a NUMERICAL VALUE. For each question, enter the correct numerical value (in decimal notation,
truncated/rounded-off to the second decimal place; e.g. 06.25, 07.00, –00.33, –00.30, 30.27, –27.30) using the mouse and the
on-screen virtual numeric keypad in the place designated to enter the answer.
3. There will be only one correct choice in the given four choices in Section A. For each question 4 marks will be awarded for correct
choice, 1 mark will be deducted for incorrect choice for Section A questions and zero mark will be awarded for not attempted
question.
4. For Section B questions, 4 marks will be awarded for correct answer and zero for unattempted and incorrect answer.

Q. 5. Two particles are projected simultaneously

Section A from the level ground as shown in figure.
Q. 1. The position of a particle is x–y plane is They may collide after a time :
described by the variables x = at3 and y = 2at. u1 u2
Then the acceleration of the particle.......
1 2
(1) is 6a at t = 0 (2) is 6a at t = 1 x
(3) is 3a at t = 0 (4) is 3a at t = 1 x sin θ2 x sin θ2
(1) (2)
Q. 2. Which of the following options may be the u1 u2
correct estimate of the mean free path of gas x sin 2 x sin 2
particles ? [n : Number of gas particle per (3) (4) u sin   
unit volume, d : diameter]
u1 sin  2  1  2  2 1
1 n2 d Q. 6. If a body of mass m is moving on a rough
(1) l = 2 2 (2) l = horizontal surface of coefficient of kinetic
d n 2 friction m, the net resultant force exerted by
nd 2 1 surface on the body is :
(3) l = (4) l =
2 2nd 2 (1) mg 1 + µ 2 (2) mmg
Q. 3. A drunkard walking in a narrow lane takes (3) mg (4) mg 1 − µ2
5 steps forward and 3 steps backward,
followed again by 5 steps forward and Q. 7. An electric fan has blades of length 30 cm as
3 steps backward, and so on. Each step is measured from the axis of rotation. If the fan
1 m long and required 1 s to cover. How long is rotating at 1200 r.p.m. The acceleration of a
the drunkard takes to fall in a pit 13 m away point on the tip of the blade is about :
from the start ? (1) 1600 m/s2 (2) 4740 m/s2
2
(1) 9 s (2) 21 s (3) 2370 m/s (4) 5055 m/s2
(3) 32 s (4) 37 s Q. 8. A block of mass m is taken from A to B slowly
Q. 4. If T be the total time of flight of a current under the action of a constant force F. Work
of water and H be the maximum height done by this force is :
attained by it from the point of projection, O B
then H/T will be : (u = projection velocity, 90º
q = projection angle)
R
1 1
(1)   u sin q (2)   u sin q m F
2 4
(3) u sin q (4) 2u sin q B circular arc
10 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

π Q. 15. Four point charges are placed in a straight

(1) FR (2) FR line with magnitude and separation as
2 shown in the diagram. What should be the
FR FR value of q0 such that + 10mC charge is in
(3) (4)
2 4 equilibrium ?
Q. 9. A monkey of mass 20 kg rides on a 40 kg
trolley moving with constant speed of 8 m/s
along a horizontal track. If the monkey
jumps vertically to grab the overhanging (1) – 80 mC (2) + 40 mC
branch of a tree, the speed of the trolley after (3) + 80 mC (4) – 20 mC
the monkey has jumped off is : Q. 16. A conducting loop of resistance R and radius
(1) 8 m/s (2) 1 m/s r has its centre at the origin of the coordinate
(3) 4 m/s (4) 12 m/s system in a magnetic field of induction B.
Q. 10. A rod of mass 'm' hinged at one end is free When it is rotated about y-axis through 90°,
to rotate in a horizontal plane. A small bullet the net charge flown in the loop is directly
of mass m/4 travelling with speed 'u' hits the proportional to:
rod and attaches to it at its centre. Find the
angular speed of rotation of rod just after
the bullet hits the rod 3.
[take length of the rod as 'l']
6 u 6 u
(1) (2)
19 l 13 l
3 u 3 u
(3) (4) (1) R–1 (2) R
19 l 13 l
(3) r2 (4) r
Q. 11. If R is the radius of the earth and g is the Q. 17. In copper, each copper atom releases one
acceleration due to gravity on the earth's electron. If a current of 1.1 A is flowing in
surface, the mean density of the earth is : the copper wire of uniform cross-sectional
4 πG 3πR area of diameter 1 mm, then drift velocity of
(1) (2)
3 gR 4 gG electrons will approximately be : (Density of
copper = 9 × 103 kg /m3, Atomic weight of
3g πRg copper = 63)
(3) (4)
4 πRG 12G (1) 10.3 mm/s (2) 0.1 mm/s
Q. 12. A particle is oscillating according to the (3) 0.2 mm/s (4) 0.2 cm/s
equation X = 7 cos 0.5 pt, where 't' is in Q. 18. A wire carrying current i has the
second. The point moves from the position configuration shown in figure. For the
of equilibrium to maximum displacement magnetic field to be zero at the centre of the
in time : circle, q must be :
(1) 4.0 second (2) 2.0 second ∞
(3) 1.0 second (4) 0.5 second R I
Q. 13. A metal wire of length L, area of cross section θ
A and Young's modulus Y behaves as a
spring of spring constant k given by: I
(1) k = YA/L (2) k = 2YA/L ∞
(3) k = YA/2L (4) k = YL/A (1) 1 radian (2) 2 radian
Q. 14. Figure shows the vertical cross-section of (3) p radian (4) 2p radian
a vessel filled with liquid of density r. The Q. 19. When a clock is viewed in a mirror, the
normal thrust per unit area on the walls of needles exhibit a time which appears to be
the vessel at point P, as shown will be : 8:20. Then the actual time will be :
(1) 4:40 (2) 3:40
P (3) 8:20 (4) 3:20
Q. 20. The value of angular momentum for He+
θ H ion in the first Bohr orbit is :
O Qh h h
(1) (2) 4 ×
(1) h r g (2) (H – h) r g 2π 2π
(3) (H – h) r g cos q (4) H r g h
(3) 2 × (4) nothing can be said
2π
Sample Practice Paper Physics 11

Section B resistance per unit length is equal to

50 × 10–3 W/m. The inductance of the loop is
23 negligible is ............ A.
Q. 21. Ne decays to 23Na by negative beta emission.
Mass of 23Ne is 22.994465 amu mass of 23Na × × × × ×
is 22.989768 amu. The maximum kinetic × ×a × × ×
energy of emitted electrons neglecting the
kinetic energy of recoiling product nucleus
× × × × ×
is ........MeV × × × ×b ×
Q. 22. If photons of ultraviolet light of energy 12 eV × × × ×
B ×
are incident on a metal surface of work Q. 26. A series LCR circuit containing a resistance
function of 4 eV, then the stopping potential of 120  W has angular resonance frequency
(in eV) will be : 4 × 105rad s–1. At resonance the voltage
across resistance and inductance are 60 V
Q. 23. A light is entering from one medium and 40 V respectively. At what frequency the
 5 current in the circuit lags the voltage by 45°.
refractive index  RI =  to another
 3 Give answer in .............×105rad s–1.
medium at an angle 30°. The angle of Q. 27. On an X temperature scale, water freezes at
5 –125°X and boils at 375°X. On a Y temperature
refraction for other medium is sin −1   scale, water freezes at –70°Y and boils at
6
, then the increase in angle of incidence is –30°Y. The value of temperature on X scale
......., such that the ray of light reflected back is....... on which value of temperature on y
into the same medium. Scale becomes 50° Y
Q. 24. Two plates A and B of a parallel plate Q. 28. A diatomic molecule can be modelled as
capacitor are arranged in such a way, that two rigid balls connected with spring such
the area of each plate is S = 5 × 10–3 m2 and that the balls can vibrate with respect to
distance between them is d = 8.85 mm. Plate centre of mass of the system (spring +
A has a positive charge q1 = 10–10 C and Plate balls). Consider a diatomic gas made of
B has charge q2 = + 2 × 10–10 C. Then the such diatomic molecule. If the gas performs
charge induced on the plate B due to the 20 Joule of work under isobaric condition,
plate A be – (....... × 10–11)C then heat given to the gas is ............ J.
A Q. 29. Work done by gas in cyclic process is .......... J.
B
500


P
d (in kPa) 100

Q. 25. A plane loop is shaped in the form as 10 20
shown in figure with radii a = 20 cm and V(in cc)
b = 10 cm and is placed in a uniform time
varying magnetic field B = B0 sin wt, where Q. 30. In a quink tube experiment, a tuning fork
B0 = 10 mT and w = 100 rad/s. The amplitude of frequency 300 Hz is vibrated at one end.
of the current induced in the loop if its It is observed that intensity decreases from
maximum to 50 % of its maximum value, as
tube is moved by 6.25 cm. Velocity of sound
is ............ m/s.
12 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

Answer Key

Q. No. Answer Topic Name Q. No. Answer Topic Name

1 2 Kinematics 16 3 Electromagnetic induction
2 4 Kinetic theory of gases 17 2 Current Electricity
3 4 Motion in straight line 18 2 Magnetic Effect of Current
4 2 Projectile Motion 19 2 Ray Optics
5 3 Newton’s Laws of 20 1 Atomic Structure
Motion
6 1 Friction 21 [4.00] Atoms and Nuclei
7 2 Circular Motion 22 [8.00] Photoelectric Effect
8 1 Work Energy and Power 23 [7.00] Refraction at Plane Surface
9 4 Newtons law of motion 24 [5.00] Capacitance
10 1 Angular momentum 25 [1.00] Electromagnetic Induction
11 3 Gravitation 26 [8.00] Alternative Current
12 3 Simple harmonic motion 27 [1375] Calorimetry
13 1 Properties of Matter 28 [70.00] Thermodynamics
14 2 Fluid Mechanics 29 [1.00] Thermodynamics
15 3 Electrostatics 30 [150] Sound Wave

 JEE (Main) PHYSICS
SAMPLE PRACTICE PAPER
ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATION

Physics
1. (2) Given that : x
t=  ... (i)
3 dx dv u1 cos θ1 − u2 cos θ2
x = at ⇒ vx = = 3at2 ⇒ ax = x = 6at
dt dt 1 2 1
gt u2 sin θ2 ⋅ t − gt 2
And u1 sin θ1 ⋅ t −
=
2 2
dy dv y
and y = 2at ⇒ vy = = 2a ⇒ ay = ∴ u1sin q1 = u2sin q2...(ii)
dt dt from equation no. (i) & (ii)
= 0. x
t=
\ a2 = ax2 + ay2 u1 sin θ1 ⋅ cos θ2
u1 cos θ1 −
sin θ2
⇒ a = ax (Q ay = 0)
x sin θ2
\ a = 6at ∴   t =
u1 sin ( θ2 − θ1 )
a = 6a, at t = ls
6. (1) T.R. N
2. (4) We define the mean free path as the
average distance a gas particle travels
before colliding. fk
0 –3 0 0 1 0 m
\ n = [M L T ] d = [M L T ]

1 1
\ = = [M0 L1 T 0 ]
2nd 2 0 –3 0
[M L T ][M L T ] 0 1 0 2
mg
3. (4) Distance covered with 1 step = 1 m The only resultant forces acting on the box
Time taken = 1 s are the normal force and the friction.
fk = µ mg
Time taken to move 5 m forward = 5 s
Time taken to move 3 m backward = 3 s T.R. = N 2 + fk 2
Net distance covered = 5 – 3
( mg ) + ( µmg )
2 2

=2m =
Net time taken to cover 2 m = 8 s
= mg 1 + µ 2
Drunkard covers 2 m in 8 s
Drunkard covers 4 m is 16 s, 6 m in 24 s, 8 m 7. (2) Since, a = w2r
in 32 s f = 1200 rpm
Net time taken by drunkard = 32 + 5 = 37 s Now, converting in second
4. (2)
Given : T – time period, H – maximum
1200 rad
height and f= = 20
u2 sin 2 θ 60 s
H 2g 1 Angular velocity of particle.
= = u sin q. w = 2pf
T 2u sin θ 4
= 20 × 2p = 40p
g
Now acceleration (a) = w2r
5. (3) The two projected particle will collide if the 30
the particle will be at the same position in = (40p)2 ×
100
the same time. = 4740 m/s2
14 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

8. (1) O R B 4 
G  πR 3 ρ 
ge =  3  ; g = 4 pR rG
e
R R2 3
m F 3 g
r = ⋅ e
4 πRG
A 12. (3) x = 7 cos 0.5 pt general form of equation.
A block of mass m is taken from A to B x = A cos wt
under constant force F. Given equation compare with standard
  form
\work done W = F⋅d
    2π
WAB = Fx ⋅ R x + Fx ⋅ R y w= = 0.5 p;
T
= FR cos 0˚ + FR cos 90˚ T= 4s
⇒ WAB = FR T 4
Now, T' = = =1s
9. (4) Let the final speed of the trolley becomes V 4 4
Initial momentum of the system in
x direction = (20 + 40) × 8 when the F
monkey jumped off from the trolley, A FL
then momentum along x direction =(40) V 13. (1) Y= = on comparing
l Al
Now, applying the conservation of L
momentum along the x axis,
60 × 8 = 40V YA
⇒ F= l
V = 12 m/s L
Hence, speed of the trolley will become  YA 
⇒ F= kl Here,  k =
12 m/s.  L 
14. (2) Liquid pressure is always normal to the
10. (1)
surface
Hence thrust per unit area at point
Angular momentum of bullet with respect P = (H – h) rg.
to the poivot :
15. (3)
m  l  mul
LB = u   =
4 2 8

Angular momentum of system when the

bullet hits rod :
Kq A q B
 m  l 2 1 2   
Force on B due to A (+x) fAB = 2
rAB
LS = [IB + IR] w =    + ml  w
 4  2  3  9 × 10 9 × 40 × 10 −6 × 10 × 10 −6 90
= =
( 40 × 10 )
2
−2 4
19 2
= ml w = 22.5 N
48
Kq C q B
By conservation of angular momentum Force B due to C (+x)fCB = 2
rBC
mul 19 90
= ml2 w =
9 × 10 9 × 10 × 10 −6 × 10 × 10 −6
= = 22.5 N
8 48
( 20 × 10 ) 4
2
−2

6 u KqB qD
w= Force on B due to D (–x) fBD = 2
19 l rBD
9 × 10 9 × 10 × 10 −6 × q0 9
Gme
= = × 10 6 q0
( )
2
11. (3) ge = 40 × 10 −2 16
R2
(Given R → Radius of earth, For the equilibrium,
r → mean density of earth) fBD = fAB + fCB
JEE Main Sample Practice Paper Physics 15

99 6 6 Mirror turns left into right and right into

⇒ × 10 × q0 = 22.5 + 22.5
1616 × 10 × q0 left. Hence actual time is 3 : 40
9
⇒
9
× 10 6 × q0 = 45
6
× 10⇒ × q0 = 45 × 16 20. (1) L =
nh
; for n = 1, L =
h
16 16 9 × 10 6 2π 2π
q0 = + 80 × 10–6
q0 = + 80µC 21. [4.00]   10
23 23
Ne →11 Na+ e − + n
16. (3) Apply 2nd law of electromagnetic induction Q = [m (23Ne)– m(23Na)] × 931.5 MeV
A = 4.375 MeV = 4.4 MeV
dφ φ2
Q  4 MeV
ε= ⇒ ∫ dφ = ∫ εdt
dt φ1
Q = KEy + KEe + E n
The total charge flown in the loop q = ∫ Idt KEy is very very small
A ≈ KEe + E n
ε φ Bπr 2 when KEe is maximum E n is negligible
or q = ∫ =
dt = KEe  Q = 4 MeV
R R R
22. [8.00] eVs = hn – W
2 1
i.e., q ∝ B, q ∝ r , and q ∝ = 12eV – 4eV
R
eVs = 8eV or Vs = 8V
17. (2) Given I = 1.1 A 23. [7.00]  As per Snell's rule,
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
A = pr2 = p × (0.5 × 10–3)2 m2 sin (i)/sin(r) = n2/n1
Electron density n here i = 30°
r = sin–1(5/6)
N ρ (6.023 × 10 2 )3 (9 × 10 3 )
= A = sin r = 5/6
M 63 × 10 –3
29 –3 n2 = ?
= 0.86 × 10­ m
n1 = 5/3
I
Drift velocity vd = 5 5
neA sin 30 o= n2 . ⇒ n2= 1
3 6
1.1 3
vd = sin( r ) = ⇒ r = 37 o
0.86 × 10 × 1.6 × 10 −19 × π(0.5 × 10 –3 )2
29
5
vd = 0.1 × 10–3 m/s So, required difference in angle of incidence
= 0.1 mm/s be 37° – 30° = 7
18. (2) Refer to figure given in question
For magnetic field at centre to be zero
24. [5.00] 10–10 – x x – x 2 × 10 + x
–10
µ 0 Idl µI µI
= 0 + 0
4 πR 2
4 πR 4 πR A B

 dl = Rq Let the induced charge be x,

At the steady state, the potential will be
µ 0 IRθ µ0 I  1 1 
= + equal, we know that potential due to
4 πR 2 4 π  R R  qd
or q= 2 rad charged plate V =
ε×S
19. (2)
10–10 – x = 2 × 10–10 + x
2x = – 10–10
x = –5 × 10–11 C
25. [1.00] Instantaneous magnetic flux closing the
9 3 3 9 loop
8 4 4 8 = pa2 B cos 0° + pb2 B cos 180°
7 5 5 7 = p (a2 – b2) B
6 6 f = p(a2 – b2) B0 sin wt
8:20 3:40 dφ
e =
dt
16 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

e ∆Q nC p ∆T
i = 28. [70.0] =
R W nR∆T
π ( a 2 − b 2 ) B0 w cos wt CP
i = ⇒ DQ = .W
R R
R = r × 2p (a + b) 7
1 = × 20
\ imax = ( a − b ) B0 w = 1 A 2
2R
= 70 J
26. [8.00]  At resonance reactance = 0
29. [1.00]  Work done by gas
V 60 1
I = = = A  400 3 
R 120 2  π × 10  10 × 10 −6
( )
VL = I × XL = I × wL = π⋅  × J =1J
2 2
VL
\ L=  …(i)
Iw 30. [150] I = Imcos2f
1 (f = Phase difference,
w0 =
LC Im = maximum intensity)
1 Im
C=  ...(ii) I =
Lw02 2
Calculate L and C from (i) and (ii) current ⇒ I = Im cos2f
will lag the applied voltage by 45° Im
1 Now, substituting the value of I =
wL − 2
wC 1
if tan 45° = R ⇒ cos2f =
2
Solve for w
1
w = 8 × 105 rad/s ⇒ cos f =
2
27. [1375] Relation between temperature on the
π
unknown X scale to unknown scale Y, cos φ = cos
4
(X – T2)/(T2 – T1) = (Y – T3)/(T4 – T3)
We know that the general equation of wave
Here, T1 = 375X x = a sin (wt- k x)
T2 = – 125X Since, the relation between phase difference
T3 = – 70Y and path difference in give by
T4 = – 30Y l 2π
Y = 50 =
∆x ∆φ
X=?
Now, substituting the values in the 2π
or, l= × ∆x
equation ∆φ
X − ( −125 ) Y − ( −70 ) 2π
= = × 6.25 × 10 –2 m
500 40 ( π / 4)
if Y = 50 = 0.5 m
X = 1375

PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 1

Precision

D
×
Error

Error
 CHAPTER

1 Physics and Measurement

Concept's name 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Dimensional Analysis 1 17 12 11 3
Least Count, Significant figures, Error Analysis 1 11 5 8 3
Integer Type Questions 1 5 7 3 -
LIST OF TOPICS :
Topic-1 : Dimensional Analysis .... P. 4

Syllabus Topic-2 : Least Count, Significant Figures

and Error Analysis .... P. 17

Units of measurements, System of Units, S I Units, fundamental and derived units, least count,
significant figures, Errors in measurements, Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis,
and its applications.

On Tips Notes If [MaLbTc] is a dimensional formula of Scan this

physical quantity, then magnitude in
 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS a b c
first system will be X1 [ M1 L1 T1 ] and
[JEE Main – 2024, 23, 22]
second be X2 [ M a Lb T c ] .
2 2 2
Dimensional
Dimensions of a physical quantity Scan this Since quantity remains constant, its Analysis
are the power to which the Part-1
fundamental quantities must absolute value will be similar in both
be raised to represent the given systems:
a b c a b c
physical quantity. Dimensions X1 [ M1 L1 T1 ] = X2 [ M 2 L 2 T2 ]
of Physical a b c
ØØ Common Units with Dimensions Quantities  M1  L  T 
X2 = X 1   . 1   1 
 M2   L2   T2 
Physical Symbol Dimensional Units
quantities formula 2. To check the correctness of a given physical
relation. Scan this
Velocity v [L/T] m/s Dimension of LHS = Dimension of
Angular w [T–1] 1/s RHS which is known as Principle of
velocity homogeneity.
• Physical quantities separated Dimensional
Acceleration a [LT–2] m/s2 by +, –, =, >, < must have same Analysis
Angular α [T–2] 1/s2 dimensions. Part-2
acceleration 3. To derive a relationship between
different physical quantities.
Force F [MLT–2] kg m/s2 • In order to deduce a relation between two Physical
Energy/ E [ML2T–2] kg m2/s2 Quantities we should know the dependence of one
Work quantity over other.
• Dimension constant cannot be obtained using this
Emf, voltage, E/V [ML2T–3A–1] kg m2/s2C method.
potential Example: T = k lx gy mz
ØØ Applications of dimensional analysis In dimensional terms,
1. To convert a physical quantity from one system [L0M0T1] = [L1]x[L1T−2]y[M1]z = [Lx + y T−2yMz]
of units to another. = [L]x + y[MT]−2y [M]z
Changing of quantity X1 having M1, L1 and T1 to X2 Hence, x + y = 0, − 2y = 1 and z = 0.
value having M2, L2 and T2. 1
So, x = 12 , y = − 2 and z = 0.
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 3
l Types of Error
The original equation reduces to T = k . 1. Absolute Error: Error may be expressed as
g
absolute measures, giving the size of the error in
a quantity in the same units as the quantity itself.
 LEAST COUNT, SIGNIFICANT FIGURES,
Least Count Error: If the instrument has known
ERROR ANALYSIS
least count, the absolute error is taken to be half
Least Count: [JEE Main, 2024, 23]
of the least count unless otherwise stated.
The smallest value up to which an instrument can If quantity is given by ‘X’
measure is called least count. If average value is ‘x’
Least count on the main scale Then absolute error is written as Dx i.e., X = ± Dx
Smallest reading on main scale 2. Relative Error
=
No. of divisions on main scalle ® Ratio of absolute error to mean value
Instrument least count Dx
Main scale least count Relative error =
= x
Divisions on secondary scale 3. Zero Error
Least count of vernier callipers = 0.01 cm If zero of Main scale and Vernier scale or circular
Least count of micrometer screw gauge = 0.001 cm scale doesn’t coincide.
Significant Figures: • If zero of main scale is visible Þ Positive zero error
ØØ Significant figures occurs
It shows number of important single True reading = reading – positive zero error
Scan this
digits (0 - 9) in a coefficient of • If zero of main scale is hidden Þ Negative zero
expression. error occurs.
It arises due to rounding off an True reading = reading – negative error
expression when a calculation is done. Significant Error in Calculations
In a calculation, number of significant Figures 1. Addition and Substraction
figures is equal to or less than number If Z = X + y or Z = X – y
of significant figures in least precise expression or Þ Dz = Dx + Dy
element. in both cases maximum error is reported.
2. Multiplication and Division
ØØ Counting of Significant Figures
x ∆Z ∆x ∆y
In multiplication or division, final result should If Z = xy or Z = relative error is = +
y Z x y
have many significant figures as in case of original
number with least significant figures. ∆Z
and percentage error = × 100%
In addition or subtraction, final result should have Z
many decimal places as in case with least decimal x a yb ∆Z ∆x ∆y ∆w
places.
i.e., if Z= c
⇒ =a +b +c
w Z x y w
ØØ Rules for determining the number of significant
ØØ Vernier Calliper: [JEE Main – 2024, 23, 22, 21]
figures:
Least count
• All the non-zero digits in a given number are • Minimum accurate measurement Scan this
significant without any regard to the location of the that can be made by an instrument
decimal point if any. absloute error from direct
• All zeros to the right of the last non-zero digit after measurement is same as least count
Reading
the decimal point are significant. Dx = LC Vernier Scale
• All zeros to the right of the last non-zero digit in a if other random error can be
number having no decimal point are not significant. ignored.
Example: 2030 has 3 significant digits. 1. Vernier Calliper:
• All zeros to the right of the last non-zero digit after
the decimal point are significant.
Scan this
Error Analysis:
Difference between the result of the
measurement and the true value of
Error Analysis
what you are measuring.
4 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

Least count = 1 MSD – 1 VSD 2. Screw Gauge

MSD ® Main scale division
VSD ® Vernier scale division
Reading = MSR + n × LC
MSR ® Main scale reading
n ®No of Vernier scale division coinciding with
 main scale.
• If N division of Vernier scale coincide with N–1
division of main scale.
Pitch: Amount of distance advanced by spindle in
 ( N  1) MSD  one rotation of circular scale
Þ LC = 1 MSD – 1  
 N  Pitch
Least count = No. of circular scale division
1
= MSD
N Reading = MSR + nxLC
N = No. of circular scale division coinciding with
main scale.

Topic-1
Dimensional Analysis

JEE Main Previous Year Questions

Multiple Choice Questions 5. Match List I with List II

1. If eo is the permittivity of free space and E is the List I List II

electric field, then eoE2 has the dimensions : A. Angular momentum I. [ML2 T–2 ]
(1) [Mo L–2 T A] (2) [M L–1 T–2]
(3) [M–1 L–3 T4 A2] (4) [M L2 T–2] B. Torque II. [ML–2 T–2 ]
[JEE Main–8th April 2024 - Shift-2] C. Stress III. [ML2 T –1 ]
2. What is the dimensional formula of ab–1 in the D. Pressure gradient IV. [ML–1 T–2 ]
a 
equation  P   ( V  b ) = RT, where letters Choose the correct answer from the options
 V2  given below:
have their usual meaning. (1) A – III, B – I, C – IV, D – II
(1) [M6L7T4] (2) [ML2T–2] (2) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – I
–1 5 3
(3) [M L T ] (4) [M0L3T–2] (3) A – IV, B – II, C – I, D – III
[JEE Main–5th April 2024 - Shift-2] (4) A – I, B – IV, C – III, D – II
3. The equation of state of a real gas is given [JEE Main – 31st January 2023 - Shift-2]
 a  6. Match List I with List II:
by  P  2  (V  b ) = RT, where P, V and T
 V  List I List II
are pressure, volume and temperature,
A. Torque I. kg m – 1 s – 2
respectively and R is the universal gas constant.
The dimensions of a/b2 is similar to that of: B. Energy density II. kg m s – 1
(1) PV (2) P (3) RT (4) R C. Pressure gradient III. kg m – 2 s – 2
[JEE Main–27th January 2024 - Shift-2]
D. Impulse IV. kg m2 s – 2
4. If the velocity of light c, universal gravitational
constant G and Planck’s constant h are chosen Choose the correct answer from the options
as fundamental quantities. The dimensions of given below:
mass in the new system is:
(1) A − IV, B − I, C − III, D − II
(1)  h1 / 2 c 1 / 2 G1  (2)  h 1 / 2 c1 / 2 G1 / 2  (2) A − IV, B − III, C − I, D − II
   
(3) A − IV, B − I, C − II, D − III
(3)  h1 / 2 c1 / 2 G1 / 2  (4)  h1 c1 G1  (4) A − I, B − IV, C − III, D – II
   
[JEE Main – 1st February 2023 - Shift-2] [JEE Main – 30th January 2023 - Shift-2]
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 5
7. The equation of a circle is given by x2 + y2 = a2,  a 
where a is the radius. If the equation is modified 11. In the equation  x + 2  [Y – b] = RT, X is
to change the origin other than (0, 0), then  y 
find out the correct dimensions of A and B in pressure, Y is volume, R is universal gas constant
2
and T is temperature. The physical quantity
a new equation: (x – At)2 +  y  t  = a2 . The
B   a
equivalent to the ratio is:
dimensions of t is given as [T ]. –1 b
(1) Coefficient of viscosity
(1) A = [LT], B = [L – 1 T – 1] (2) Energy
(2) A = [L – 1 T – 1], B = [LT] (3) Impulse (4) Pressure gradient
(3) A = [L – 1 T], B = [LT – 1]
[JEE Main – 13th April 2023 - Shift-2]
(4) A = [L – 1 T – 1], B = [LT – 1 ]
[JEE Main – 29th January 2023 - Shift-2] 12. Match List I with List II:
8. Match List I with List II: List I List II
A. Spring constant I. [T–1]
List I List II
B. Angular speed II. [M T–2]
(Physical (Dimensional
Quantity) Formula) C. Angular momentum III. [M L2]
D. Moment of Inertia IV. [M L2 T–1]
A. Pressure gradient I. [M0 L2 T – 2 ]
Choose the correct answer from the options
B. Energy density II. [M1 L – 1 T – 5 ] given below:
C. Electric Field III. [M1 L – 2 T – 2 ] (1) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
D. Latent heat IV. [M1 L1 T – 3 A – 1 ] (2) A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
(3) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
Choose the correct answer from the options (4) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
given below:
[JEE Main – 12th April 2023 - Shift-1]
(1) A – II, B – III, C – I, D – IV
13. If force (F), velocity (V) and time (T) are
(2) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – I
considered as fundamental physical quantities,
(3) A – III, B – II, C – IV, D – I
then dimensional formula of density will be:
(4) A – III, B – II, C – I, D – IV
(1) [F V–2 T2] (2) [F V4 T–6]
[JEE Main – 29th January 2023 - Shift-1] –4 –2
(3) [F V T ] (4) [F2 V–2 T6]
9. Match List I with List II. [JEE Main – 11th April 2023 - Shift-2]
LIST I LIST II 14. Given below are two statements:
A. Young’s Modulus (Y) I. [ML-1T-1] Statements I: Astronomical unit (Au), Parsec
Co-efficient of (Pc) and Light year (ly) are units for measuring
B. II. [ML2T-1]
astronomical distances.
Viscosity (h)
Statements II: Au < Parsec (Pc) < ly
C. Planck’s Constant (h) III. [ML-1T-2] In the light of the above statements, choose
D. Work Function (f) IV. [ML2T-2] the most appropriate answer from the options
given below :
Choose the correct answer from the options
(1) Both Statements I and statements II are
given below:
incorrect.
(1) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(2) Both Statements I and statements II are
(2) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
correct.
(3) A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
(3) Statements I is incorrect but statements II are
(4) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
correct.
[JEE Main – 25th January 2023 - Shift-1]
(4) Statements I is correct but statements II are
10. The speed of a wave produced in water is given incorrect.
by v = la gb rc . Where l , g and r are wavelength [JEE Main – 11th April 2023 - Shift-1]
of wave, acceleration due to gravity and density
of water respectively. The values of a, b and c 15. Consider the efficiency of carnot’s engine is
x
respectively, are: 
given by   log e kT , , where α and β are
(1)
1
, 0,
1
(2) 1, –1, 0 (3)
1 1
, , 0 (4) 1, 1, 0
sin 
2 2 2 2 constants. If T is temperature, k is Boltzmann
[JEE Main – 15th April 2023 - Shift-1] constant, θ is angular displacement and x has
6 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

the dimensions of length. Then, choose the  B2 

incorrect option. 18. The dimensions of   will be:
 0 
(1) Dimensions of β is same as that of force.
(2) Dimension of α–1x is same as that of energy. (if μ0 : permeability of free space and B: magnetic
(3) Dimensions of h–1 sin θ is same as that of αβ. field)
(4) Dimensions of α is same as that of β. (1) [M L2 T–2] (2) [M L T–2]
[JEE Main – 28th July 2022 - Shift-2] (3) [M L–1 T–2] (4) [M L2 T–2 A–1]

16. Given below are two statements : One is labelled [JEE Main – 28th July 2022 - Shift-1]
as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as 19. An expression of energy density is given by
Reason (R).  x 
u  sin  , where a, b are constants x is
Assertion (A): Time period of oscillation of   kt 
a liquid drop depends on surface tension displacement, k is Boltzmann constant and t is
(S), if the density of the liquid is ρ and the
temperature. The dimensions of b will be:
r 3
radius of the drop is r, then T  k 3
is (1) [M0 L2 T-1] (2) [M0 L­T-1]
S 2 (3) [M0 L0 T0] (4) [M0 L2 T0]
dimensionally correct, where k is dimension­less. [JEE Main – 27th July 2022 - Shift-2]
Reason (R): Using dimensional analysis we get
20. If momentum [P], area [A] and time [T] are taken
R.H.S. having different dimension than that of
as fundamental quantities, then the dimensional
time period.
formula for coefficient of viscosity is:
In the light of above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below. (1) [P A–1 T0] (2) [P A T–1]
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the (3) [P A–1 T] (4) [P A–1 T–1]
correct explanation of (A). [JEE Main – 25th July 2022 - Shift-1]
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the 21. Which of the following physical quantities have
correct explanation of (A). the same dimensions?
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false. 

(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.  
(1) Electric displacement D and surface
charge density  
[JEE Main – 29th July 2022 - Shift-1] (2) Displacement current and electric field
17. In an experiment to find out the diameter of (3) Current density and surface charge density
the wire using a screw gauge, the following
(4) Electric potential and energy
observations were noted :
[JEE Main – 25th July 2022 - Shift-1]
P Q 22. Given below are two statements : One is
45 labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled
as Reason R.
Assertion (A) : product of Pressure (P) and time
(t) has the same dimension as that of coefficient
of viscosity.
Reason (R) : Coefficient of viscosity
Force
=
(a) Screw moves 0.5 mm on main scale in one velocity gradient
complete rotation.
(b) Total divisions on circular scale = 50. Choose the correct answer from the options
given below:
(c) Main scale reading is 2.5 mm.
(d) 45th division of circular scale is in the pitch (1) Both A and R true, and R is correct
line. explanation of A.
(e) Instrument has 0.03 mm negative error. (2) Both A and R true but R is NOT the correct
Then the diameter of wire is : explanation of A.
(1) 2.92 mm (2) 2.54 mm (3) A is true but R is false.
(3) 2.98 mm (4) 3.45 mm (4) A is false but R is true.
[JEE Main – 29th July 2022 - Shift-1] [JEE Main – 28th June 2022 - Shift-1]
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 7
23. The SI unit of a physical quantity is pascal- (3) (a) → (iii), (b) → (ii), (c) → (iv), (d) → (i)
second. The dimensional formula of this
quantity will be : (4) (a) → (iii), (b) → (iv), (c) → (ii), (d) → (i)

(1) [ML–1T–1] (2) [ML–1T–2] [JEE Main – 25th Feb. 2021 - Shift-1]
(3) [ML2T-1] (4) [M–1L3T0] 29. If e is the electronic charged, c is the speed of
[JEE Main – 27th June 2022 - Shift-2] light in free space and h is planck’s constant, the
24. An expression for a dimensionless quantity P 1 | e |2 has dimensions of :
quantity
α  kt  4 0 hc
is given by P = log e   ; where α and b are
β  βx 
(1) [LC–1] (2) [M0 L0 T0]
constants, x is distance; k is Boltzmann constant
and t is the temperature. Then the dimensions (3) [M L T0] (4) [M L T–1]
of a will be – [JEE Main – 25th Feb. 2021 - Shift-2]
(1) [M0L–1T0] (2) [ML0T–2] 30. In a typical combustion engine the workdone
–2
(3) [MLT ] (4) [ML2T–2]
 x 2
[JEE Main – 26th June 2022 - Shift-1] 2
by a gas molecule is given by W   ,  e kT
25. Identify the pair of physical quantities which
where, x is the displacement, k is the Boltzmann
have different dimensions :
constant and T is the temperature. If α and β are
(1) Wave number and Rydberg’s constant constants, dimensions of α will be:
(2) Stress and Coefficient of elasticity
(1) [M0 L T0] (2) [M2 L T–2]
(3) Coercivity and Magnetisation
(3) [M L T–2] (4) [M L T–1]
(4) Specific heat capacity and Latent heat
[JEE Main – 24th June 2022 - Shift-1] [JEE Main – 26th Feb. 2021 - Shift-1]

26. Identify the pair of physical quantities that have 31. If ‘C’ and ‘V’ represent capacity and voltage
same dimensions : respectively then what are the dimensions of λ
where C/V = λ?
(1) velocity gradient and decay constant.
(2) Wien’s constant and Stefan constant. (1) [M–2 L–4 I3 T7] (2) [M–2 L–3 I2 T6]
(3) angular frequency and angular momentum. (3) [M–1 L–3 I–2 T–7] (4) [M–3 L–4 I3 T7]
(4) wave number and Avogadro number.
[JEE Main – 26th Feb. 2021 - Shift-2]
[JEE Main – 24th June 2022 - Shift-1]
27. The workdone by a gas molecule in an 32. The entropy of any system is given by

x2  kR 
2
− S =  2 ln  2  3 
isolated system is given by, W = αβ e αkT ,
 J  
where x is the displacement, k is the Boltzmann Where α and β are the constants µ J, k and R
constant and T is the temperature. α and β are are no. of moles, mechanical equivalent of
constants. Then the dimensions of β will be :
heat, Boltzmann constant and gas constant
(1) [M0LT0] (2) [M2LT2] dQ
(3) [MLT–2] (4) [ML2T–2] respectively. [Take S = ]
T
[JEE Main – 24th Feb. 2021 - Shift-1] Choose the incorrect option from the following:
28. Match List-I with List-II : (1) S, β, k and µR have the same dimensions.
(2) α and J have the same dimensions.
List-I List-II (3) S and α have different dimensions.
(a) h (Planck’s constant) (i) [MLT-1] (4) α and k have the same dimensions.
(b) E (kinetic energy) (ii) [ML2 T-1] [JEE Main – 20th July 2021 - Shift-1]
(c) V (electric potential) (iii) [ML2 T-2] 33. If time (t), velocity (u), and angular momentum
(d) P (linear momentum) (iv) [ML2 I–1 T–3] (l) are taken as the fundamental units. Then the
Choose the correct answer from the options dimension of mass (m) in terms of t, u and l is :
given below : (1) [t-1 u-2 l1] (2) [t1 v2 l-1]
(1) (a) → (ii), (b) → (iii), (c) → (iv), (d) → (i) (3) [t-2 v-1 l1] (4) [t-1 v1 l-2]
[JEE Main – 20th July 2021 - Shift-2]
(2) (a) → (i), (b) → (ii), (c) → (iv), (d) → (iii)
8 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

34. Match List I with List II. 38. Which of the following is not a dimensionless
quantity ?
List – I List – II (1) Power factor
(I) Capacitance, C (i) [M1L1T–3A–1] (2) Quality factor
(II) P
 ermittivity of free (ii) [M–1L–3T4A2] (3) Permeability of free space (m0)
space, e0 (4) Relative magnetic permeability (mr)
(III) Permeability of free (iii) [M–1L–2T4A2] [JEE Main – 27th Aug. 2021 - Shift-1]
space, m0 39. Match List–I with List– II
1 1 –2 –2
(IV) Electric field, E (iv) [M L T A ]
List – I List – II
Choose the correct answer from the options
(a) RH (Rydberg constant) (i) kg m–1s–1
given below
(1) (I) → (iii), (II) → (ii), (III) → (iv), (IV) → (i) (b) h (Planck’s constant) (ii) kg m2s–1
(2) (I) → (iii), (II) → (iv), (III) → (ii), (IV) → (i) (c) uB (Magnetic field (iii) m–1
(3) (I) → (iv), (II) → (ii), (III) → (iii), (IV) → (i) energy density)
(4) (I) → (iv), (II) → (iii), (III) → (ii), (IV) → (i)
(d) η
 (Coefficient of (iv) kg m–1s–2
[JEE Main – 27th July 2021 - Shift-2]
viscosity)
35. Assertion (A): If in five complete rotations of
Choose the most appropriate answer from the
the circular scale, the distance travelled on main
options given below :
scale of the screw gauge is 5 mm and there are
50 total divisions on circular scale, then least (1) (a)–(iii), (b)–(ii), (c)–(i), (d)–(iv)
count is 0.001 cm. (2) (a)–(iii), (b)–(ii), (c)–(iv), (d)–(i)
Reason (R) : Least Count = (3) (a)–(ii), (b)–(iii), (c)–(iv), (d)–(i)
(4) (a)–(iv), (b)–(ii), (c)–(i), (d)–(iii)
Pitch
Total divisions on circular scale [JEE Main – 27th Aug. 2021 - Shift-2]
40. If force (F), length (L) and time (T) are taken as
In the light of the above statements, choose the fundamental quantities. Then what will be
the most appropriate answer from the options
the dimension of density?
given below:
(1) [FL–4T2] (2) [FL–3T3]
(1) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
explanation of A. (3) [FL–3T2] (4) [FL–5T2]
(2) A is not correct but R is correct. . [JEE Main – 27th Aug. 2021 - Shift-2]
(3) Both A and R are correct and R is NOT the
correct explanation of A. 41. Which of the following equations is dimen­
(4) A is correct but R is not correct. sionally incorrect ?
[JEE Main – 27th July 2021 - Shift-1] Where t = time, h = height, s = surface
tension, θ = angle, r = density, a, r = radius,
36. The force is given in terms of time t and
g = acceleration due to gravity, V = volume,
displacement x by the equation
p = pressure, W = work done, τ = torque,
F = A cos Bx + C sin Dt ε = permittivity, E = electric field, J = current
AD density, L = length.
The dimensional formula of is :
B E
(1) W = τθ (2) J  
(1) [M2L2T–3] (2) [ML2T–3] t
(3) [M1L1T–2] (4) [M0LT–1] pa 4
2s cos 
th
[JEE Main – 25 July 2021 - Shift-2] (3) h  (4) V 
 rg 8 L
37. If E, L, M and G denote the quantities as energy,
angular momentum, mass and constant of [JEE Main – 31st Aug. 2021 - Shift-1]
gravitation respectively, then the dimen-­ 42. Match List – I with List – II.
sions of P in the formula P  EL2 M 5 G 2 are:
List – I List – II
(1)  M 0 L1 T 0  (2)  M -1 L-1 T 2  (I) Torque (i) [MLT – 1]
(II) Impulse (ii) [MT –2]
(3)  M 0 L0 T 0  (4)  M1 L1 T -2 
(III) Tension (iii) [ML2T –2]
[JEE Main – 26th Aug. 2021 - Shift-1] (IV) Surface Tension (iv) [MLT –2]
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 9
Choose the most appropriate answer from the 49. Let [e0] denote the dimensional formula of
option given below : the permittivity of vacuum. If M = mass, L =
(1) (I) - (i), (II) – (iii), (III) – (iv), (IV) – (ii) length, T = time and A = electric current, then:
(2) (I) – (iii), (II) – (i), (III) – (iv), (IV) – (ii) (1) [e0] = [M–1L–3T2A] (2) [e0] = [M–1L–3T4A2]
(3) (I) – (ii), (II) – (i), (III) – (iv), (IV) – (iii) (3) [e0] = [M–1L2T1A2] (4) [e0] = [M–1L2T1A]
(4) (I) – (iii), (II) – (iv), (III) – (i) , (IV) – (ii)  [JEE Main–2013]

[JEE Main – 31st Aug. 2021 - Shift-1]

43. If velocity [V] and time [T] and force [F] are
ANSWER – KEY
chosen as the base quantities, the dimensions of 1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (3)
the mass will be : 5. (1) 6. (1) 7. (1) 8. (3)
(1) [FTV–1] (2) [FT2V] 9. (4) 10. (3) 11. (2) 12. (4)
13. (3) 14. (4) 15. (4) 16. (4)
(3) [FVT–1] (4) [FT–1V–1]
17. (3) 18. (3) 19. (4) 20. (1)
[JEE Main – 31st Aug. 2021 - Shift-2] 21. (1) 22. (3) 23. (1) 24. (3)
25. (4) 26. (1) 27. (3) 28. (1)
44. If speed V, area A and force F are chosen as
29. (2) 30. (1) 31. (1) 32. (4)
fundamental units, then the dimension of
33. (1) 34. (2) 35. (2) 36. (2)
Young’s modulus will be :
37. (3) 38. (3) 39. (2) 40. (1)
(1) [FA2V–3] (2) [FA2V–1] 41. (4) 42. (2) 43. (1) 44. (4)
(3) [FA2V–2] (4) [FA–1V0] 45. (3) 46. (1) 47. (4) 48. (2)
[JEE Main – 2nd Sep. 2020 - Shift-1] 49. (2)

45. If Surface tension (S), Moment of Inertia (I) and ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS
Planck’s constant (h), were to be taken as the
fundamental units, the dimensional formula for 1. Option (2) is correct.
linear momentum would be : 1
Energy Density = e0 E2 (J/m3)
(1) [S1/2 I3/2 h–1] (2) [S1/2 I1/2 h–1] 2
(3) [S1/2 I1/2 h0] (4) [S3/2 I1/2 h0] [e0E2] = [ML–1T–2]
2. Option (2) is correct.
[JEE Main – 8th April 2019 - Shift-2]
 a 
46. Time (T), velocity (C) and angular momentum [P] =  2 
V 
(h) are chosen as fundamental quantities instead
[a] = [PV2] = [M1L5T–2]
of mass, length and time. In terms of these, the
[V] = [b] = [L3]
dimensions of mass would be:
[ab–1] = [M1L2T–2]
(1) [M] = [T–1C–2h] (2) [M] = [T–1C2h]
–1 –2 –1 3. Option (2) is correct.
(3) [M] = [T C h ] (4) [M] = [TC–2h]
 a 
 [JEE Main–8th April, 2017]  P + 2  (V − b) = RT
V
47. The dimensions of angular momentum, latent
heat and capacitance are, respectively. Dimensions of
(1) [ML2T–1A2], [L2T–2], [M–1L–2T2] [ a]
[P] =
(2) [ML2T–2], [L2T2], [M–1L–2T4A2] [V2 ]
(3) [ML2T–1], [L2T–2], [ML2TA2] Þ [a] = [P][V2]
(4) [ML2T–1], [L2T–2], [M–1L–2T4A2] Also, [V] = [b]
 [JEE Main–22th April, 2013] So, dimension of:
a [ a]
48. In the following T refers to current and other = 2
2
symbols have their usual meaning. Choose the b [b ]
option that corresponds to the dimensions of
[P][V 2 ]
electrical conductivity: =
[V 2 ]
(1) [M–1L–3T3I] (2) [M–1L–3T3I2]
(3) [M–1L3T3I] (4) [ML–3T–3I2] = [P]
 [JEE Main–9th April, 2016]
10 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

4. Option (3) is correct. Pressure gradient

[c] = LT–1 Unit N m–3 = kg m–2 s–2
Nm 2 [MLT –2 L2 ] Impulse
[G] = = = [M –1L3 T –2 ]
N s = kg m s–1
2
kg [M 2 ] Unit
ε [ML2 T −2 ] 7. Option (1) is correct.
[h] = ν = = [ML2 T −1 ]
[T −1 ] Dimensions of x = dimensions of At
m µ cp Gq hr L = [A] T– 1
[ML0T0 = [LT–1]P [M–1 L3 T–2]q [ML2 T–1]r [A] = [L T]
[ML0T0] = [M–q+r Lp+3q+2r T–p–2-r] t
Dimensions of y = dimensions of
B
–q + r = 1 ...(i) t
[y] =  
p + 3q + 2r = 0 ...(ii) B
–p – 2q – r = 0 ...(iii) [T −1 ]
[L] =
q + r = 0 ...(iv) [B]
From Equation (i) & (iv), [B] = [L–1 T–1]
1
r = 1 Þq=– 8. Option (3) is correct.
2 2
 −1 −2 
p = –3q – 2r = + − 1 =
3 1 dP  ML T 
2 2
A. Pressure gradient = =
dx [ L]
Þ M µ hc
=  M L T 
1 −2 −2
G

5. Option (1) is correct.
Energy  ML T 
2 −2
(A) Angular momentum (L) = Iw =
B. Energy density =
v Volume  L3 
⇒ L = mR 2 × = mvR  
R
=  M L T 
1 −1 −2
  Dim. of L = [M1] [L T–1] [L]
Dim. of L = [M1 L2 T–1]
 −2 
(B) Torque (τ) = rFsin θ F  MLT 
C. Electric field = =
[τ] = [L1] [M1 L1 T–2]

Q [ AT ]
( sin θ is dimensionless) =  M L T A 
1 1 −3 −1

1 2 –2
  [τ] = [M L T ]
Heat  ML T 
2 −2
Force D. Latent heat = =
(C) Stress (σ) = mass [M]
Area

=  M L T 
1 1 −2 0 2 −2
F  M L T 
⇒σ= =
A  L2 
  9. Option (4) is correct.
Þ  [σ] = [M1 L–1 T–2] F l
Young’s modulus,Y = .
A Dl
Pressure difference
(D) Pressure gradient = [Y] = [M1L–1T–2]
Horizontal distance
F
dP Coefficient of viscosity, h =
Þ Pressure gradient = dv
dx A
dy
 M L−1 T −2  [h] = [M1L–1T–1]
Þ Pressure gradient =   = [M1 L–2 T– 2]
[ L] Planck’s constant,h =
E
f
6. Option (1) is correct.
Torque [h] = [M1L2T–1]
Unit: N m = kg m2 s–2 Work functions, f = Energy
Energy density [f] = [M1L2T–2]
Unit J m–3 = kg m–1 s–2
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 11
10. Option (3) is correct. 14. Option (4) is correct.
v = lagbrc 1 Parsec = 3.0857 × 1016 m = 3.26 ly
from dimensional consistency, we get 1 ly = 9.5 × 1015 m
[v] = [l]a [g]b [r]c 1 Au = 1.49 × 1011 m
[L T ] = [L1]a [L1 T–2]b [M1 L–3]c
1 –1 All three units are used to measure astronomical
= [M]c[L]a+b–3c [T]–2b distances. Parsec is the biggest unit to measure
length. Hence, statement II is wrong
Comparing the like terms, we get
c=0 15. Option (4) is correct.
– 2b = –1 Dimensions of Boltzmann constant,
→b=
1 k = [M1L2T–2K–1]
2 Dimensions of Temperature, T = [K1]
a + b – 3c = 1 Dimensions of Length, x = [L1]
1
Þ ⇒a= Dimensions of log must be zero,
2
βx
i.e. =  M 0 L0 T 0 
11. Option (2) is correct. kT 
Putting the physical quantities respectively, we get β[ L1 ]
= [ M 0 L0 T 0 ]
 a  [ M L T −2 K −1 ][ K 1 ]
1 2
 P + 2  (V − b ) =RT
V
 a  β = [ M1 L1 T −2 ] = Force,
Þ [ P] =  2 
V  Hence, option (1) is correct.
Þ [a] = [PV2] = [M1L5T–2] h is a dimensionless quantity, and dimension of
[V] = [b] = [L3] log and sin is zero so, dimension of α and β must
a  M1 L5 T −2  be reciprocal of each other.
1 2 −2
=b = =
 [M L T ] [Energy] Hence, option (4) is incorrect.
   L3 
Since, α and β have reciprocal dimension hence
12. Option (4) is correct. dimension of αβ will be zero. Hence
(A) Spring constant, F = kx  1 sin     
F kg m s −2
k= = = kg s −2 So, Option (3) is correct.
x m
α −1  = [β ] =  M1 L1 T −2 
= [M1 L0 T–2 ]    
α −1 x  =  M1 L1 T −2  [ L] =  M1 L2 T −2  = Energy
2π      
(B) Angular speed, =
ω = [M0 L0 T–1]
T Hence, option (2) is also correct.
(C) Angular momentum, L = Mvr 16. Option (4) is correct
L = kg m s–1 m = [M1 L2 T–1] rr 3
(D) Moment of inertia, I = MR2 = kg m2 T = k. 3
S 2
= [M1 L2 T0]
Where S – Surface Tension
13. Option (3) is correct. ρ – density of liquid
Let r µ Fa Vb Tc or r = k Fa Vb Tc r – radius of the drop
Here k is a dimensionless constant. L.H.S has dimension [T]
[M1 L–3 T0] = [M1 L1 T–2]a [L1 T–1]b [T1]c R.H.S has dimensions
Þ [M1 L–3 T0] = [Ma La+b T–2a–b+c] 1 −3 3

Comparing the dimensions of both sides [ ML-3 ][ L3 ] = [M 2 .L 2 .L 2 ]

3
a=1 [ MT-2 ]3 / 2 3 −2×
[M 4 T 4 ]
a + b = −3
Þ b = −4 = [ M−1 / 4 Lo T 3 / 2 ]
−2a − b + c = 0 So, dimensions of L.H.S ≠ Dimensions of R.H.S
Þ c = −2
Hence, option [4] correct.
Hence, r = F1 V–4 T–2
12 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

17. Option (3) is correct Comparing the powers of like terms we get
x=1
45 x + 2y = –1 → y = –1
–x + z = –1 → z = 0
∴ η ∝ PA–1 T0
21. Option (1) is correct.

 
Electric displacement D   0 E


The given data  D   0 E  0  
(a) Pitch = 0.5 mm   0 
(b) Total no of divisions on circular scale = 50 where σ = surface change density
(c) Main scale reading is 2.5 mm 22. Option (3) is correct.
(d) 45th division of circular scale is in the pitch [Pt] = [M1 L–1 T –2 T] = [M1 L–1 T –1]
line
[coefficient of viscosity h] = [M1 L–1 T –1]
(e) Instrument has 0.03 mm negative Error,
Assertion is correct.
The diameter of wire = ?
dv
0.5 Viscous force F = ηA
Circular scale reading  45  mm dy
50
= 0.45 mm F Force
  h = =
Diameter reading = MSR + CSR – zero error dv Area × velocity gradient
A
= 2.5 + 0.45 − (−0.03) dy
= 2.98 mm Reason is incorrect.
18. Option (3) is correct 23. Option (1) is correct.
energy SI unit of given quantity = Pascal-second, as we
Given formula is of energy density u=
volume know, Pascal is unit of Pressure
[ M1 L2 T 2 ] F
[ u]   [ M1 L1 T 2 ] P=
[ L3 ] A
F m 1
So U =  t  kg  2  2  s  kg m 1 s1
19. Option (4) is correct A s m
  x  3
Energy density u = sin   J/m So dimensional formula of U = [ML–1T–1]
  k t 
Argument of sin function is dimensionless = 24. Option (3) is correct.
 x  0 0 0 α  kt 
 kt  = [M L T ] P= log e  
  β
 βx 
and [kt] = [Energy] = [M1 L2 T–2]
 kt  Argument of log function is dimensionless
∴ [α] =   = [M1 L1 T–2]
x  kt 
 βx  = [dimensionless]
   
Also [u] =   = [M1 L–1 T–2]
  [ kt ] =  1 2 ( −2) (–1)   1   1 2 ( −2)  [β x ]
M L T K  K  = M L T  =
 
[β] =   = [L2]    M1 L2 T 2  /  L1    M1 L1 T 2 
u
20. Option (1) is correct. α 
Since P is also dimensionless, β =
Let coefficient of viscosity η ∝ Px Ay Tz [dimensionless]  
η = K Px Ay Tz [a] = [b] = [M1L1T–2]
Where K = dimensionless constant 25. Option (4) is correct.
[η] = [P]x [A]y [T]z [Wave number] = [Rydberg’s constant] = [L–1]
[M1 L–1 T–1] = [M1 L1 T–1]x [L2]y [T]z
[Stress] = [Coefficient of elasticity] = [M1 L–1 T–1]
[M1 L–1 T–1] = [M]x [L]x+2y [T]–x+z
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 13
[Coercivity] = [Magnetisation] = [L–1A] h = plank’s constant
[Specific heat capacity] = [L2 T–2 K–1] 2
[Latent heat] = [L2T–2] = 1 e
4 0 hc
Hence, dimensions of specific heat capacity and
latent heat are different. 2
⇒ = 1 e d 2 (let d be distance)
26. Option (1) is correct.
4 0 ( d 2 ) hc
 velocity 
[Velocity gradient] = 
−1
 = [T ] d2
length ⇒ = F⋅
  hc
[Decay constant] = [T–1] F  d2 
⇒ =
[Wiens constant] = [L1K1]  hc
[Stefan’s constant] = [M1T–3K–4]
F  d2
[Angular frequency] = [T–1] =
E
[Angular moment] = [M1L2T–1]
Now, substituting the dimensional values of the
[Wave number] = [L–1] above terms,
[Avogadro’s number] = [M0L0T0]
[ MLT −2 ][ L2 ]
27. Option (3) is correct. =
2 x2 [ L][ ML2 T −2 ]
Given, W = αβ −
αkT
e
= [M0 L0 T0]
We know that exponents are dimensionless
quantities 30. Option (1) is correct.
2 Given,
So, x 0 0 0
= [M L T ]
αkT  x 2
2
 L2  Work done by gas molecule (W) =   e kT
 
⇒ = [M0L0T0] x = displacement
  ML2 T 2 K 1   K  k = Boltzmann constant
⇒ α = [M−1T2] T = temperature
α and β are constant.
Dimension of work = [ML2T−2] Dimensional formula for α = ?
⇒ αβ2 = [ML2T−2] Dimension of exponent = 0
β x2 = kT
⇒ β2 [M−1T2] = [ML2T−2]
⇒   L2    ML2 T 2 K 1   K 
 ML2 T 2     
⇒ β2 =  
 M L2 T 2 
 M 1 T 2 
  ⇒   
 L2 
⇒ β2 = [M2T−4L2]  
β = [MT−2L] ⇒    MT 2 
 
β = [MLT−2]
28. Option (1) is correct. Now,
Dimensional formula for the given terms are [W] = [α2β]
mention below,  ML2 T 2    2   MT 2 
    
h (Plank’s constant) = [ML2T–1]
V (electric potential) = [ML2T–3I–1] or  2   L2 
 
P (Linear momentum) = [MLT–1]
or    L
KE (Kinetic energy) = [ML2T–2]
29. Option (2) is correct. or    M0 L1 T 0 
Given, e = electric charge  
c = speed of light
14 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

31. Option (1) is correct. [ML2T–2q–1] = [a]2[ML2T–2q–1]

Given, [a]2 = [ML0T0q0]
Capacity = C [a] = [ML0T0q0]
Voltage = V Hence, option (4) is incorrect.
C 33. Option (1) is correct.
λ=
V m ∝ taublc
1 0 0
w [M L T ] = [T]a[LT–1]b[ML2T–1]c
We know, V=
q [M1L0T0] = [McLb+2cTa – b – c]
On comparison, we get c = 1, b = – 2, a = –1
q
C= 34. Option (2) is correct.
v it
Aε0 Q
q q q2 (i) Capacitance (C) = = ⇒ W
So, λ=   d V
v w vw it
2 2
[A T ]
q2 q2  q ⇒ ⇒ [A2M–1L–2T4]
λ=  2 [ML2 T −2 ]
w w
 w
q (iii)

q3 Permittivity of free space (e0)

λ=
w2 1 FR 2
K= =
 IT 3 4 0 Q2
λ= 2 [MLT −2 L2 ]
 ML2 T 2  = =[ML3T–4A–2]
  [A 2 T 2 ]
or λ = [M–2 L–4 T+7 I3] 1 = [M–1L–3T4A2]
e0 =
32. Option (4) is correct. K
 kR  (ii) Permeability of free space (m0)
2
S =   ln  2  3   ...(i) 1
 J  c=
0 0
kR
→ dimensionless 1
J2 c2 =
0 0
Q Joule
S= = 1
T Kelvin m0 = 2
c ε0
[ML2 T − 2 ]
⇒ [S] = = [ML2T–2q–1] 1
[θ] Dim of m0 =
[L T ][M −1 L−3 T 4 A 2 ]
2 −2
Ideal gas equation, PV = mRT
= [MLT–2 A–2]
PV
mR =
T (iv)
[mR] = [ML T q ]2 –2 –1 F [MLT −2 ]
Electric field ‘E’ = =
k → Boltzmann constant [k] = [ML2T–2q–1] q [AT]
J → dimensionless constant
⇒ [MLA–1 T–3]
Dim. of [mkR = Dim. of [Jb2]
[µk R] [ k ][µ R] 35. Option (2) is correct.
Dim of [b] = =
[J] [J] 5 complete rotations = 5 mm
The linear movement of screw gauge.
[ ML2 T −2 θ−1 ][ ML2 T −2 θ−1 ]
[b2] = 5mm
[ M0 L0 T 0 ] 1 complete rotations = = 1 mm
5
[b] = [ML2T–2q–1]
Pitch
⇒ Dim. of S = Dim. of a2b L.C. =
No. of divisions on circular scale
[S] = [a2][b]
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 15
1 Eλ
= = 0.02 mm ⇒ h=
50 c
Assertion is wrong. ( kg m  s2  m )m
=
36. Option (2) is correct. (m/s)
F = A cos Bx + C sin Dt
Dimensions of A is = F = [MLT–2] = kg m2 s–1
Dimensions of B is [L–1] (c) Magnetic energy density (uB)
Dimensions of D is [T–1]
B2 E m 2 s−2
Dimensions of uB = = = kg
2µ0 V m3
AD [ MLT − 2 ][ T − 1 ] = kg m–1 s–2
= = [ML2T–3]
B [L− 1 ] (d) Coefficient of viscosity (h)
37. Option (3) is correct.  ∆v 
Since, F = η  ∆x  A
[E] = [ML2T–2]
F kgm s−2
[L] = [ML2T–1] ⇒ h= =
( ∆v / ∆x )A m/s
[M] =[M] × m2
m
[G] = [M–1L3T–2]
Given, = kg m–1 s–1
P = EL2M–5G–2 Hence, (a)–(iii), (b)–(ii), (c)–(iv), (d)–(i).
Thus, dimensions of P will be 40. Option (1) is correct.
[P] = [ML2T–2][ML2T–1]2[M]–5[M–1L3T–2]–2 Concept: Considering Force (F), length (L)
= [ML2T–2][M2L4T–2][M–5][M2L–6T4] and time (T) as fundamental quantities. The
dimensions of density d ∝ Fa Lb Tc
= [M0L0T0]
Now put dimensions of each of the Physical
38. Option (3) is correct.
quantity and compare the powers on same
Concept: A dimensionless quantity is ratio of
terms both the sides.
physical quantities having same dimensions
[ML–3] = [MLT–2]a [L]b [T]c
So,
[ML–3] = [Ma La+b T–2a+c]
Relative permeability is ratio of
a = 1, a + b = – 3 – 2a + c = 0
µ 0 (Permeability of Vaccum)
= 1+b=–3 –2+c=0
µ r (Permeability of medium)
b=–4 c=2
So, mr-dimensionless So dimensions of density
Power factor cos φ also dimensionless d = [F1 L–4 T2]
Energy stored 41. Option (4) is correct.
Quality factor =
Energy dissipated 1. W = tq
Bo Units N ∙ m = N ∙ m
Permeability of free space m0 = So, option(1) is correct.
H
E
So, it is not dimensionless. 2. J= 
t
39. Option (2) is correct. d φE dE
Electric flux fE = E.A = = A
(a)Unit of Rydberg constant dt dt
1 1 1  dE
= R Displacement current =  A
λ  n 2 − n 2  dt
1 2

1 –1 Id ε dE / dt.A
R= m Current density J = = 0
λ A A
dE
(b) Unit of Planck’s constant J = ε0
dt
hc
E= So, option (2) is correct.
λ
16 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

3. From the formula of capillary rise a  2b  c   1

2T cos θ 2 a  c   2
= rgh
r On solving the above set of equations we get :
2T cos θ
So, h= a  1, b  1, c  0
ρ rg
Dimensionally correct That gives,
pa 4 [ Y ]  [ F]1[ A]1[ V]0
4. Volume V = given formula is incorrect
8 L 45. Option (3) is correct.
It is dimensionally incorrect
Given : Surface tension (S), moment of inertia (I)
42. Option (2) is correct. and Planck’s constant (h) are fundamental units.
(I) Torque = F × r = [MLT–1][L] = [ML2T–2] To find : Dimensional formula for linear
(II) Impulse I = DP = mv = [MLT–1] momentum.
(III) Tension T = F = [MLT–2] Using the above formula, surface tension
F Force
(IV) Surface Tension S = = [ MT −2 ]   =
Length
,
L
Since dimensions of surface tension :
43. Option (1) is correct.
Concept: [S] = [M1 T –2]...(i)
Let mass depends upon F, T and V, whose Unit of moment of inertia = Mass × (distance)2,
dimensions are given That gives dimensions of moment of inertia :
M ∝ FaTbVc [I] = [M1 L2]...(ii)
M ∝ [MLT–2]a [T]b [LT–1]c Unit of Planck’s constant = Joule × s
M = k [Ma] [La+c][T–2a+b–c] Since dimensional formula of Planck’s constant :
[M1L0T0] = [MaLa+c T–2a+b+c] [h] = [M1 L2 T –1]...(iii)
Comparing powers on similar terms Since of linear momentum = mass × velocity,
a = 1, a + c = 0, –2a + b + c = 0 Dimensional formula of linear momentum :
a = 1, b = 1, c = –1 [p] = [M1 L1 T –1]...(iv)
[M] = [FTV–1] Expressing dimension of [p] in terms of [S], [I]
44. Option (4) is correct. and [h], let :
Given : The fundamental units are, speed V, p = [S]x [I]y [h]z ...(v)
area A and force F. Putting values from equations (i), (ii), (iii) and
To find : The dimensions of Young’s modulus (iv) in equation (v) of S, I, h and p :
(Y) in the new system of fundamental units.
[M1 L1 T–1] = [M1 T–2 ]x [M1 L2]y [M1 L2 T–1]z
Dimensions of Young’s modulus :
Equating the exponents :
Y  [ ML1T 2 ] ...(i)
x+y+z=1
Dimensions for force : 2y + 2z = 1
[ F]  [ MLT 2 ] ...(ii) –2x – z = –1
Dimensions for area : Solving the above set of equations for x, y and
[ A] = [ L2 ] ...(iii)
z, we get :
1 1
x= , y = and z = 0.  ...(vi)
Dimensions for velocity : 2 2

[ V]  [ LT 1 ] ...(iv) Putting values of x, y and z in eqn. (v):

1 1
Let the dimensions for Young’s modulus in the [p] = [S 2 I 2 h0 ]
new system of fundamental units be : 46. Option (1) is correct.
[ Y ] = [ F]a [ A]b [ V]c ...(v) Dimension of mass
Using equations (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) : L
M =
1 2 2 a 2 b
[ ML T ]  [ MLT ] [ L ] [ LT ] 1 c vr
Compare the exponents. [L] [ h]
[M] = = 2 = [hT −1C −2 ]
a = 1 [ v].[r ] [C ][ T]
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 17
47. Option (4) is correct. −3 2 2
Dimension of σ = [L I T T]
Angular momentum [M]
J =m×v×r = [M–1L–3I2T3]
2 –1
Dimension of J = [ML T ] 49. Option (2) is correct.
Q
Latent heat, L = By Colombian force,
m
1 q1q2
F =
[ML2 T −2 ] 4 0 r 2
Dimension of L = = [L2 T −2 ]
[M]
q1q2
Charge e­0 =
Capacitance, C = 4πε0 r 2
Potential Difference
Hence, dimension of
Dimension of C = [M–1L–2T4A2] 2
48. Option (2) is correct. e0 = C
2
N.m
Electrical conductivity
[AT]2
2 [e0] =
σ = ne τ [ MLT −2 ][ L2 ]
m
= [M–1L–3T4A2]

Topic-2
Least Count, Significant Figures and Error Analysis

JEE Main Previous Year Questions

Multiple Choice Questions
1. The diameter of a sphere is measured using a 4. Match list I with list II.
vernier caliper whose 9 divisions of main scale
List I List II
are equal to 10 divisions of vernier scale. The
shortest division on the main scale is equal to 1 A. Surface tension I. kgm s –1–1
mm. The main scale reading is 2cm and second
division of vernier scale coincides with a division B. Pressure II. kgms–1
on main scale. If mass of the sphere is 8.635 g, the C. Viscosity III. kgm–1 s–2
density of the sphere is:
(1) 2.5 g/cm3 (2) 1.7 g/cm3 D. Impulse IV. kgs−2
3
(3) 2.0 g/cm (4) 2.2 g/cm3 Choose the correct answer from the options
[JEE Main – 28th April 2024 - Shift-1] given below:
2. If the percentage errors in measuring the length (1) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV (2) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
and the diameter of a wire are 0.1% each. The (3) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II (4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
percentage error in measuring its resistance will [JEE Main – 25th January 2023 - Shift-1]
be:
5. Given below are two statements: one is labelled
(1) 0.2% (2) 0.144% (3) 0.3% (4) 0.1% as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
[JEE Main – 31st January 2024 - Shift-1] Assertion (A) : A spherical body of radius
(5 ± 0.1) mm having a particular density is
3. If 50 Vernier divisions are equal to 49 main scale
divisions of a traveling microscope and one falling through a liquid of constant density.
smallest reading of main scale is 0.5 mm, the The percentage error in the calculation of its
Vernier constant of traveling microscope is: terminal velocity is 4%.
(1) 0.1 mm (2) 0.1 cm Reason (R) : The terminal velocity of the
(3) 0.01 cm (4) 0.01 mm spherical body falling through the liquid is
[JEE Main – 30th January 2024 - Shift-1] inversely proportional to its radius.
18 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

In the light of the above statements, choose the

10. Two resistances are given as R1 = (10 ± 0.5) W
correct answer from the options given below: and R2 = (15 ± 0.5) W. The percentage error in
(1) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the the measurement of equivalent resistance when
correct explanation of A. they are connected in parallel is:
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (1) 2.33 (2) 4.33 (3) 5.33 (4) 6.33
explanation of A. [JEE Main – 6th April 2023 - Shift-1]
(3) A is false but R is true. 11. A screw gauge of pitch 0.5 mm is used to
(4) A is true but R is false. measure the diameter of uniform wire of length
[JEE Main – 13th April 2023 - Shift-2] 6.8 cm the main scale reading is 1.5 mm and
circular scale reading is 7. The calculated curved
6. A body of mass (5 ± 0.5) kg is moving with a surface area of wire to appropriate significant
velocity of (20 ± 0.4) m s–1. Its kinetic energy will figures is : [Screw gauge has 50 divisions on its
be: circular scale ]
(1) (1000 ± 140) J (2) (500 ± 140) J (1) 6.8 cm2 (2) 3.4 cm2 (3) 3.9 cm2 (4) 2.4 cm2
(3) (500 ± 0.14) J (4) (1000 ± 0.14) J [JEE Main – 26th July 2022 - Shift-1]
th
[JEE Main – 13 April 2023 - Shift-1] 12. In a vernier callipers, 10 divisions of vernier scale
is equal to the 9 divisions of main scale. When
7. In an experiment with vernier calipers of
both jaws of vernier calliper touch each other,
least count 0.1 mm, when two jaws are joined the zero of the vernier scale is shifted to the left
together the zero of vernier scale lies right to the of zero of the main scale and 4th vernier scale
zero of the main scale and 6th division of vernier division exactly coincides with the main scale
scale coincides with the main scale division. reading. One main scale division is equal to 1
While measuring the diameter of a spherical mm. while measuring diameter of a spherical
bob, the zero of vernier scale lies in between 3.2 body, the body held between two jaws. It is now
observed that zero of vernier scale lies between
cm and 3.3 cm marks, and 4th division of vernier
30 and 31 divisions of main scale reading and
scale coincides with the main scale division. The 6th vernier scale division exactly coincides with
diameter of bob is measured as: the main scale reading. The diameter of the
(1) 3.25 cm (2) 3.22 cm (3) 3.18 cm (4) 3.26 cm spherical body will be :
(1) 3.02 cm (2) 3.06 cm (3) 3.10 cm (4) 3.20 cm
[JEE Main – 10th April 2023 - Shift-2]
[JEE Main – 26th July 2022 - Shift-2]
2 3
8. A physical quantity P is given as P = a b 13. A silver wire has a mass (0.6 ± 0.006) g, radius
c d (0.5 ± 0.005) mm and length (4 ± 0.04) cm. The
The percentage error in the measurement of a, maximum percentage error in the measurement
of its density will be:
b, c and d are 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% respectively.
The percentage error in the measurement of (1) 4% (2) 3% (3) 6% (4) 7%
quantity P will be: [JEE Main – 27th June 2022 - Shift-1]
(1) 14% (2) 13% (3) 16% (4) 12% 14. The distance of the Sun from earth is 1.5 × 1011
[JEE Main – 10th April 2023 - Shift-1] m and its angular diameter is (2000) s when
observed from the earth. The diameter of the
9. A 2 metre long scale with least count of 0.2 cm Sun will be:
is used to measure the locations of objects on an (1) 2.45 × 1010 m (2) 1.45 × 1010 m
9
optical bench. While measuring the focal length (3) 1.45 × 10 m (4) 0.14 × 109 m
of a convex lens, the object pin and the convex [JEE Main – 27th June 2022 - Shift-2]
lens are placed at 80 cm mark and 1 m mark.,
respectively. The image of the object pin on A 2 B3
15. If Z = , then the relative error in Z will be:
the other side of lens coincides with image pin C4
that is kept at 180 cm mark. The % error in the (1) ∆A + ∆B + ∆C (2) 2 ∆A + 3∆B − 4 ∆C
estimation of focal length is: A B C A B C
(1) 0.51 (2) 1.02 (3) 0.85 (4) 1.70 (3) 2 ∆A + 3∆B + 4 ∆C (4) ∆A + ∆B − ∆C
[JEE Main – 6th April 2023 - Shift-2] A B C A B C
[JEE Main – 25th June 2022 - Shift-1]
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 19
16. The pitch of the screw gauge is 1 mm and there vernier coincidence is 6, then the correct value
are 100 divisions on the circular scale. When of measurement is .......... cm.
nothing is put in between the jaws, the zero (least count = 0.01 cm)
of the circular scale lines 8 divisions below the (1) 8.36 cm (2) 8.56 cm (3) 8.58 cm (4) 8.54 cm
reference line. When a wire is placed between [JEE Main – 17th March 2021 - Shift-1]
the jaws, the first linear scale division is clearly 21. In the experiment of Ohm’s law, a potential
visible while 72nd division on circular scale difference of 5.0 V is applied across the end of a
coincides with the reference line. The radius of conductor of length 10.0 cm and diameter of 5.00
the wire is: mm. The measured current in the conductor is
(1) 1.64 mm (2) 1.80 mm 2.00 A. The maximum permissible percentage
error in the resistivity of the conductor is:
(3) 0.82 mm (4) 0.90 mm
[JEE Main – 25th Feb. 2021 - Shift-1] (1) 7.5 (2) 3.9 (3) 8.4 (4) 3.0
[JEE Main – 18th March 2021 - Shift-1]
17. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum
22. The time period of a simple pendulum is given
L
is T  2 . Measured value of ‘L’ is 1.0 m l
g by T  2 . The measured value of the
g
from meter scale having a minimum division of
1 mm and time of one complete oscillation is 1.95 length of pendulum is 10 cm known to a 1 mm
accuracy. The time for 200 oscillations of the
s measured from stopwatch of 0.01 s resolution.
pendulum is found to be 100 second using a
The percentage error in the determination of ‘g’ clock of 1 s resolution. The percentage accuracy
will be: in the determination of ‘g ’ using this pendulum
(1) 1.33% (2) 1.30% (3) 1.13% (4) 1.03% is ‘x’. The value of ‘x’ to the nearest integer is:
[JEE Main – 24th Feb. 2021 - Shift-2] (1) 5% (2) 4% (3) 3% (4) 2%
th
18. One main scale division of a vernier callipers [JEE Main – 18 March 2021 - Shift-1]
is ‘a’ cm and nth division of the vernier scale 23. A physical quantity ‘y’ is represented by the
coincide with (n – 1)th division of the main scale. formula y = m2 r–4 gxl–3/2. If the percentage error
The least count of the callipers in mm is: found in y, m, r, l and g are 18, 1, 0.5, 4 and p
respectively, then find the value of x and p.
 n 1 10a 10na 10 a
(1)   a (2) (3) (4) (1) 4 and ± 3 (2) 5 and ± 2
 10 n  n  n  1  n  1
16 3
[JEE Main – 16th March 2021 - Shift-1] (3) 8 and ± 2 (4) and ±
3 2
19. In order to determine the Young’s Modulus
[JEE Main – 27th July 2021 - Shift-2]
of a wire of radius 0.2 cm (measured using a
24. In a Screw Gauge, fifth division of the circular
scale of least count = 0.001 cm) and length
scale coincides with the reference line when
1m (measured using a scale of least count =
the ratchet is closed. There are 50 divisions on
1 mm), a weight of mass 1 kg (measured using
the circular scale, and the main scale moves by
a scale of least count = 1 g) was hanged to get
0.5 mm on a complete rotation. For a particular
the elongation of 0.5 cm (measured using a observation, the reading on the main scale is 5
scale of least count 0.001 cm). What will be the mm and the 20th division of the circular scale
fractional error in the value of Young’s Modulus coincides with reference line. Calculate the true
determined by this experiment. reading.
(1) 9% (2) 1.4 % (3) 0.9% (4) 0.14%
(1) 5.00 mm (2) 5.20 mm
th
[JEE Main – 16 March 2021 - Shift-2] (3) 5.15 mm (4) 5.25 mm
20. The vernier scale used for measurement has a [JEE Main – 26th Aug. 2021 - Shift-1]
positive zero error of 0.2 mm. If while taking 25. A student determined Young’s Modulus of
a measurement it was noted that ‘o’ on the MgL3
vernier scale lies between 8.5 cm and 8.6 cm, elasticity using the formula Y= . The
4 bd 3 δ
value of g is taken to be 9.8 m/s2, without
20 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

any significant error, his observation are as 32. The current voltage relation of a diode is given
following : by I = (e1000V/T – 1) mA, where the applied
voltage V is in volts and the temperature T is in
Physical Least count Observed kelvin. If a student makes an error measuring
Quantity of Equipment Value ±0.01 V while measuring the current of 5 mA
Used for at 300 K, what will be the error in the value of
measurement current in mA?
Mass (M) 1g 2 kg (1) 0.2 mA (2) 0.02mA
Length of bar (L) 1 mm 1m (3) 0.5 mA (4) 0.05 mA
[AIEEE–2011]
Breadth of bar (b) 0.1 mm 4 cm
33. Resistance of a given wire is obtained by
Thickness of bar (d) 0.01 mm 0.4 cm measuring the current flowing in it and the
Depression (δ) 0.01 mm 5 mm voltage difference applied across it. If the
percentage errors in the measurement of the
Then the fractional error in the measurement of current and the voltage difference are 3% each,
Y is : then error in the value of resistance of the wire
(1) 0.155 (2) 0.083 (3) 0.0155 (4) 0.0083 is:
[JEE Main – 1st Sept. 2021 - Shift-2] (1) 6% (2) Zero (3) 1% (4) 3%
 [JEE Main–2012]
26. Two resistors R1 = (4 ± 0.8) Ω and R2 =
(4 ± 0.4) Ω are connected in parallel. The 34. A spectrometer gives the following reading
equivalent resistance of their parallel when used to measure the angle of a prism.
combination will be : Main scale reading: 58.5°
(1) (4 ± 0.3) Ω (2) (2 ± 0.4) Ω Vernier scale reading: 09 divisions
(3) (2 ± 0.3) Ω (4) (4 ± 0.4) Ω Given that 1 division on main scale corresponds
to 0.5°. Total divisions on the Vernier scale is 30
[JEE Main – 1st Sept. 2021 - Shift-2] and match with 29 divisions of the main scale.
The angle of the prism from the above data is:
27. Using screw gauge of pitch 0.1 cm and 50 (1) 58.59° (2) 58.77° (3) 58.65° (4) 59°
divisions on its circular scale, the thickness of
 [JEE Main – 2012, 2009]
an object is measured. It should correctly be
recorded as : 35. A student measured the diameter of a wire using
a screw gauge with the least count 0.001 cm and
(1) 2.125 cm (2) 2.124 cm listed the measurements. The measured value
(3) 2.123 cm (4) 2.121 cm should be recorded as:
[JEE Main – 3rd Sep. 2020 - Shift-1] (1) 5.3200 cm (2) 5.3 cm
28. The SI unit of Magnetic Permeability is (3) 5.32 cm (4) 5.320 cm
 [JEE Main–12th May, 2012]
(1) Am–1 (2) Am–2 (3) Hm–1 (4) Hm–2
[AIEEE–2007]
ANSWERS – KEY
29. The Ratio of SI unit to CGS unit of Planck’s
constant is 1. (3) 2. (3) 3. (3) 4. (2)
(1) 107 (2) 10–7 (3) 103 (4) 105 5. (4) 6. (1) 7. (3) 8. (2)
[JEE Main–2013] 9. (4) 10. (2) 11. (2) 12. (3)
30. Three Pieces of silver has masses 2.3 kg, 41.15 g 13. (1) 14. (3) 15. (3) 16. (3)
and 30.19 g. The total mass of correct significant
figures is 17. (3) 18. (2) 19. (2) 20. (4)

(1) 2.37032 kg (2) 2.370 kg 21. (2) 22. (3) 23. (4) 24. (3)
(3) 2.37 kg (4) 2.4 kg 25. (3) 26. (3) 27. (2) 28. (3)
[JEE Main–2016] 29. (1) 30. (4) 31. (4) 32. (1)
31. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum 33. (1) 34. (3) 35. (4)
L
is T  2 . Measured value of L is 20.0 cm
g ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS
known to 1 mm accuracy and time for 100 1. Option (3) is correct.
oscillations of the pendulum is found to be 1 Main scale division
90s using a wrist watch of 1s resolution. The Least count (l.c) =
accuracy in the determination of g is: Total vernier scale divisions
(1) 1% (2) 5% (3) 2% (4) 3% 1 mm
= = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm
 [JEE Main–2015] 10
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 21
Reading = 2 + (0.01)(2) ∆vT ∆r ∆v  ∆r 
=2 100 × T = 2  × 100
= 2.02 cm vT r Þ vT  r 
M M
density = =  0.1 
V 4 = 2 × 100  = 4%
πR 3  5 
3
\ Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
8.635 6. Option (1) is correct.
= » 2 g/cm3
4 3 1 ∆K ∆m 2∆v
× 3.14 × (1.01) K= mv2 Þ = +
3 2 K m v
2. Option (3) is correct. Given m = (5 ± 0.5) kg
Given that, v = (20 ± 0.4) m s–1
∆l 1 1
% = 0.1% K = mv 2 = × 5 × 400 = 1000 J
l 2 2
∆d ∆K 0.5  0.4 
% = 0.1% = + 2 = (0.1 + 0.04)
d 1000 5  20 
Now,
DK = 1000 (0.14) = 140 J
l
R= ρ Þ K = (1000 ± 140) J
A
l 7. Option (3) is correct.
R = 4ρ 2 For the given vernier callipers, least count
πd
L.C. = 0.01 cm
Þ ∆R ∆l ∆d
= +2 It has a positive zero error = 6 × 0.01 = 0.06 cm
R l d
∆R The measured value of the diameter is
Þ % = (0.1 + 2 × 0.1)%
R d = 3.2 + (4 × 0.01) – 0.06
∆R = 3.2 – 0.02 = 3.18 cm
Þ % = 0.3% 8. Option (2) is correct.
R
a2b3
3. Option (3) is correct. P=
50 VSD = 49 MSD c d
49 49 Maximum percentage error in P is given by
1 VSD = MSD = × 0.5 mm
50 50 ∆P  ∆a ∆b ∆c 1 ∆d 
× 100=  2 +3 + + × 100
Now Least count P  a b c 2 d 
L.C. = 1 MSD – 1 VSD 1
= (2 × 1%) + (3 × 2%) + 3% + × 4%
49 2
= 0.5   0.5
50 = (2 + 6 + 3 + 2)% = 13%
 49  1 9. Option (4) is correct.
= 0.5  1  50  = 0.5 ×
  50 Here, u = 100 – 80 = 20 cm
= 0.01 mm v = 180 – 100 = 80 cm
Error in measuring object and image positions,
4. Option (2) is correct. u + ∆u = (100±0.2) – (80 ± 0.2)
F ma = 20 ± 0.4
Surface tension = = (kg s– 2) v + ∆v = (180±0.2) – (80 ± 0.2)
l l
F ma = 80 ± 0.4
Pressure = = (kg m– 1s – 2)
A A 1 1 1
F Using = + ...(i)
Viscosity = (kg m– 1s– 1) f v u
 dv 
A  1 1 1
 dy  Þ ⇒ = +
f 80 20
Impulse = Ft = (ma)t (kg ms–1)
5. Option (4) is correct. Þ f = 16 cm
Terminal velocity, vT µ r2 On differentiating eq.(i), we get
22 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

df dv du 12. Option (3) is correct.

− 2
=
− 2− 2 Given:
f v u
10 V. S. D. = 9 M. S. D.= 9 mm
∆f ∆v ∆u 1 V. S. D. = 0.9 mm
Þ ⇒ = + ...(ii)
f2 v2 u2  Least Count = 1 M. S. D.– 1 V. S. D.
= 1 mm – 0.9 mm
∆f  0.4 0.4  = 0.1 mm
Þ ⇒ = 16  2 + 2 
f  80 20  Zero error = Coinciding division × Least Count
=– 4 × 0.1 = –0. 4 mm
∆f 16 Diameter = Main scale Reading + Vernier scale
Þ ⇒% = (0.4 + 6.4)
= 1.7
f 80 2 Reading – Zero error
10. Option (2) is correct. Diameter = 30 mm + 6 × 0.1 mm – (–0. 4) mm
Given, R1 = (10 ± 0.5) W = 31 mm = 3.10 cm
R2 = (15 ± 0.5) W 13. Option (1) is correct.
1 1 1 Given, Mass M = (0.6 ± 0.006) gm
In parallel = + ...(i)
R R1 R2 Radius r = (0.5 ± 0.005) mm

Length l = (4 ± 0.04) cm
1 1 1
Þ = + Mass
R 10 15 The density of wire is given by ρ =
volume
10 × 15 m
Þ R= = 6Ω ρ= 2
10 + 15 πr l
Differentiating equation (i),
∆ρ  ∆m 2 ∆r ∆l 
∆R ∆R1 ∆R2 100 × = + +  × 100
= + 2 ρ  m r l 
R2 R12 R2 Percentage error in
∆R  ∆R ∆R  0.006 0.005 0.04
Þ =  21 + 22  R ρ= × 100 + 2 × × 100 + × 100
R  R1 R2  0.6 0.5 4
Percentage error in density = 4%
Þ
∆R  0.5 0.5 
= + ×6
R  100 225  14. Option (3) is correct.
As we know
∆R 13
Þ =
R 300 θ
d
∆R 13
Now, × 100 = × 100 = 4.33%
R 300 r
11. Option (2) is correct
Given, Length of wire = 6.8 cm = 68 mm Arc
Main scale reading, MSR = 1.5 mm Angle =
radius
Circular scale reading, CSR = 7 mm Angle should be in radians
No of circular scale division = 50
d 2000 π d
Pitch = 0.5 mm q= ⇒ × = 11
Least count r 60 × 60 180 1.5 × 10
Pitch 2000 π
( L.C.) = d= × × 1.5 × 1011
No.of division on circular scale 60 × 60 180
0.5 π× 1.5
L.=
C. = 0.01 mm d= × 1011 = 1.45 × 10 9 m
50 3 × 6 × 18
Diameter of wire, d = MSR + L. C. × CSR 15. Option (3) is correct.
d = 1.5 + 0.01 × 7 = 1.57 mm
A 2 B3
Surface area of wire, S = 2πrl Z=
22 1.57 2 C4
S  2   68 mm Relative error Z for the worst case is given by:
7 2
=335.53 mm2 = 3.35 cm2 = 3.4 cm2 ∆Z ∆A ∆B ∆C
= 2 +3 +4
Z A B C
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 23
16. Option (3) is correct. 1g 2 r l L
Pitch of screw gauge = 1 mm ⇒ 0  
1 kg r l L
Number of division = 100
Positive error = 8 × L. C. 1  10 3   10 3   10 3 
⇒ 2  
1000 1   1   
Pitch  2  10   5  10   1 
Least count (LC) =
No of divisions 14
1 1 1 1
⇒ + + + ⇒ × 100%
1 mm 1000 100 500 1000 1000
=
100 ⇒ 1.4%
= 0.01 mm 20. Option (4) is correct.
Positive error = 8 × 0.01 = 0.08 mm Given,
Measured reading = 1 mm + 72 × L.C.
Least Count [LC] = 0.01 cm
= 1 mm + 72 × 0.01 mm
= 1 mm + 0.72 mm Main Scale Reading = 8.5 cm
= 1.72 mm Reading = MSR + V.S.D. × [LC] – Zero error
Hence, true reading = 1.72 – 0.08 0.2
= 1.64 mm ⇒ = 8.5 + 6 × 0.01 –
10
1.64 ⇒ = 8.54 cm
Hence, the radius of wire = mm
2 21. Option (2) is correct.
= 0.82 mm Given,
Length = 10 cm
17. Option (3) is correct.
Diameter (d) = 5 mm
L Voltage (V) = 5 V
T = 2π
g Current (I) = 2 A
According to ohm’s law
T 1 L 1 g
 
T 2 L 2 g l
V = IR = I ρ
A
g 2 T L
  
g T L VA

Il
∆g 2 × 0.01 0.001
→ × 100 = + × 100   d V I l 
g 1.95 1  100   2     100
  d V I l 
= [0.0103+0.001] × 100 = 1.13%
18. Option (2) is correct.  0.01 0.1 0.01 0.1 
 2     100
Given, 1 MSD = a cm  5 5 2 10 
n VSD = (n − 1)MSD ⇒ = 3. 9%
 n  1 22. Option (3) is correct.
1 VSD = MSD
n Time period of simple pendulum is given by,
Since,
l
LC = 1 MSD − 1 VSD T  2
g
= 1 MSD −
 n  1 MSD l
n T2 =
g
MSD
=
n g l T
 2
a 10 a g l T
LC = cm = mm
n n g 10 3 21
  = 0.01 + 0.02
19. Option (2) is correct. g 10  10 2 100
y m g A l L g
      0.03
y m g A l L g
24 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

23. Option (4) is correct. Putting the values

y = m2 r–4 gx l–3/2 ∆Y 1 × 10 − 3 1 × 10 − 3 0.1 × 10 − 3
= + 3 +
Applying partial fraction Y 2 1 4 × 10 − 2
∆y 2 m 4 r g 3 l
 x  0.01 × 10 − 3 0.01 × 10 − 3
y = m r g 2 l +3 +

0.4 × 10 − 2 5 × 10 − 3
3
18 = 2[1] + 4[0.5] + xp + ( 4 ) ∆Y
2 = 0.0005 + 0.003 + 0.0025
Y
1  + 0.0075 + 0.002
18 = 2  4  xp  6
2 = 0.0155
18 = 2 + 2 + xp + 6 26. Option (3) is correct.
8 = xp Given resistances R1 = 4 ± 0.8
By trail and error, option (4) is correct. R2 = 4 ± 0.4
In parallel combination
24. Option (3) is correct.
0.5 1 1 1
Least count = = +
50 R R1 R 2
Here, fifth division coincide with reference line: dR dR 1 dR 2
− = − 2
−
R 2
R1 R22
∆R R1 R 2
= 
R2 R1 2
R22
1 1 1
= +
This is the case of positive zero error, as zero R 4 4
error is always subtracted from observed ⇒ R=2W
reading to get actual reading. ∆R ( 0.8 ) ( 0.4 )
True Reading = Observed – Zero Error = +
(2)2 4 2
42
Observed Reading = 5 + L.C. × 20 – L.C × 5
0.8  0.4
0.5 0.5 DR = 4
= 5  20  5 16
50 50
DR = 0.3
= 5.15 mm Equivalent resistance Req = (2 ± 0.3) ohms
25. Option (3) is correct. 27. Option (2) is correct.
MgL3 Given : Pitch of a screw gauge is p = 0.1 cm,
Given, the formula Y = number of divisions on the circular scale of the
4bd 3 δ
screw gauge is n = 50.
Fractional error To find : The correct thickness measured from
∆Y M L b d  the screw gauge.
= 3  3  Least count of the screw gauge :
Y M L b d 
pitch
Where D value of each parameter given least Least count =
number of divisions on
count, which are given in questions as follows: circular scale
Least count Observed 0.1
(D) value =
Least count = cm 0.002 cm
50
Mass (M) 1 gm 2 kg The given screw gauge can measure the
thickness of an object up to third decimal place,
Length of Bar (L) 1 mm 1m
with the third place being an even number. So,
Breadth of bar (b) 0.1 mm 4 cm option (2) is correct.
28. Option (3) is correct.
Thickness of Bar (d) 0.01 mm 0.4 cm Magnetic Permeability formula is given as:
Depression (d) 0.01 mm 5 mm B
Magnetic Permeability (m) =
H
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 25
Where, B = Magnetic Intensity Error = ±0.01 (By exponential function)
H = Magnetising field 1000
= (6 mA) × × (0.01)
S.I. Unit ® Henry Per meter (H/m) 300
Newton Per ampere squared = 0.2 mA
So, Answer is Hm–1 or N.A.–2
33. Option (1) is correct.
29. Option (1) is correct.
According to Ohm’s law,
Energy
h = c V = IR
λ V
R =
[where c is speed of light I
h is Planck’s constant Absolute error
Q Percentage error = × 100
l = wavelength] Measurement
[M1L2 T −2 ] V I
Þ = [M1L2T–1] where,  100 =  100 = 3%
 LT −1  V I
 
 L  R V I
then,  100 =  100   100
m 2 R V I
Þ h = kg
s = 3% + 3% = 6%
cm 2 34. Option (3) is correct.
Þ h = (103 g) × (102)2 (CGS)
s Q Reading of Spectrometer
Þ kgm2s–1 = x g cm2s–1 = Main scale reading
Þ x = 107 + Vernier scale reading
30. Option (4) is correct. × least count.
m1 = 2.3 kg Main scale reading = 58.5°
m2 = 41.15 g Vernier scale reading = 09 division
= 41.15 × 10–3 kg Least count of Vernier = 0.5°/30
= 0.4115 kg 0.5°
Thus, R = 58.5° + 9 ×
m3 = 30.19 g 30
= 30.19 g
R = 58.65°
= 0.03019 kg
35. Option (4) is correct.
m = m1 + m2 + m3
The least count (L.C.) of a screw gauge is
= 2.37134 kg
the smallest length which can be measured
= 2.4 kg
accurately with it.
31. Option (4) is correct. 1
From the period of oscillations of a simple As least count is 0.001 cm = cm
1000
pendulum
Hence, measured value should be recorded
L
g = 4π2 2 upto 3 decimal places i.e., 5.320 cm.
T
Percentage error in calculation of g,
So,
g
 100 = L  100  2 T  100 Integer Type Questions (Chapter Based)
g L T
1. In an experiment for estimating the value of
0.1 1
 100  2   100 = focal length of converging mirror, image of
20 90 an object placed at 40 cm from the pole of the
= 2.72  3% mirror is formed at distance 120 cm from the
32. Option (1) is correct. pole of the mirror. These distances are measured
with a modified scale in which there are 20
Since, current voltage relation of diode is:
small divisions in 1 cm. The value of error in
I = (e1000 V/T – 1) mA (given) 1
When, I = 5mA, e1000 V/T = 6mA measurement of focal length of the mirror is
K
1000 cm. The value of K is___________.
Also, dI = ( e1000 V/T ) × .dV
T
[JEE Main – 30th January 2023 - Shift-1]
 26 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

Sol. Correct answer is [32] Reading =  main scale reading + coincident

division
For the converging mirror
× L.C (on circular scale) – Zero error
1 1 1 = 4(0.5) + 46(0.005) – 6(0.005).
 
u v f = 2 + 40(0.005) = 2 + 0.2
1 1 1 = 2.2 mm = 220 × 10 – 2 mm
 
40 120 f 3. In an experiment of measuring the refractive

index of a glass slab using travelling microscope
1 4 1
  in physics lab, a student measures real
f 120 30 thickness of the glass slab as 5.25 mm and
f = – 30 cm (concave mirror) apparent thickness of the glass slab as 5.00
Differentiating the mirror equation mm. Travelling microscope has 20 divisions
in one cm on main scale and 50 divisions
du dv −df
− 2− 2= 2 on Vernier scale is equal to 49 divisions on
u v f main scale. The estimated uncertainty in the

measurement of refractive index of the slab is
 du dv  x
df = f2  2 + 2  × 10−3, where x is _______.
u v  10
[JEE Main – 29th January 2023 - Shift-2]
1
Now du = dv = = 0.05 cm
20 Sol. Correct answer is [41].
 0.05 Real depth (h )
0.05  Apparent depth (h’) =
 df   30 
2
   m
  40 2 120 2 
  h
1 1  h’ =
m
= 9 × 0.05   
 16 144 
h
 10  µ=
= 0.45   h'
 144 
d dh dh '
4.5  
=  h h'
144
1 1 Now for travelling microscope
= cm = (given) 50 VSD = 49 MSD
32 K
On comparing, K = 32 (VSD = Vernier scale devisions)
2. In a screw gauge, there are 100 divisions on (MSD = Main scale devisions)
the circular scale and the main scale moves by Least count of microscope,
0.5 mm on a complete rotation of the circular = 1 MSD – 1 VSD
scale. The zero of circular scale lies 6 divisions 49
= 1 MSD – MSD
below the line of graduation when two studs 50
are brought in contact with each other. When a 1
wire is placed between the studs, 4 linear scale = MSD
50
divisions are clearly visible while 46th division
But on main scale 20 divisions are in 1 cm
of the circular scale coincide with the reference
line. The diameter of the wire is _______ × 10 – 2 1
So 1 division= cm
mm [JEE Main – 30th January 2023 - Shift-1] 20

Sol. Correct answer is [220] 1 1

\ L.C. = × cm
Given, pitch = 0.5 mm 50 20
= 0.01 mm
Pitch
Least count (L.C.) = Least count is equal to max Error.
No. of divisions on circular scale
Pitch 0.5 So Dh = 0.01 mm, Dh’ = 0.01 mm
= = = 0.005 mm h = 5.25 mm, h’ = 5.00 mm
No. of division on circular scale 100
Zero error = 6 × (L.C.)  dh dh ' 
dm = m  
= 6 × 0.005 h h ' 
= 0.030 mm (positive)
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 27
 0.01 0.01  5. The one division of main scale of Vernier calipers
dm = m    reads 1 mm and 10 divisions of Vernier scale is
 5.25 5.00 
equal to the 9 division on main scale. When the
5.25  1 1  two jaws of the instrument touch each other, the
dm =
5.00  525  500  zero of the Vernier lies to the right of zero of the
 
main scale and its fourth division coincides with
525  500  525 
dm =   a main scale division. When a spherical bob is
500  525  500  tightly placed between the two jaws, the zero of
1025 the Vernier scale lies in between 4.1 cm and 4.2
–4
dm =  10 4 = 41 × 10 cm and 6th Vernier division coincides with a main
25
scale division. The diameter of the bob will be ____
41 × 10–2 cm.  [JEE Main – 27th July 2022 - Shift-1]
=  10 3 = 41 × 10–4
10 Sol. Correct answer is [412].
4. In an experiment to determine the young’s Given 1MSD = 1 meter
modulus of wire of length exactly 1 m, the 10VSD = 9MSD
extension in the length of the wire is measured as 1VSD = 0.9 MSD
0.4 mm with an uncertainty of ± 0.02 mm when vernier constant (least count)
a load of 1 kg is applied. The diameter of the wire V.C =1 MSD – 1 VSD
is measured as 0.4 mm with an uncertainty of ± = 1MSD – 0.9MSD = 0.1 MSD
0.01. The error in the measurement of Young’s = 0.1 × 1 mm = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm
modulus (∆Y) is found to be x × 1010 Nm–2. The Zero Error = 4 × VC
value of x is______________. (take g = 10 ms –2) = 4 × 0.1
[JEE Main – 26th July 2022 - Shift-1] = 0.4 mm (positive as zero of the
vernier lies to the right of zero of
Sol. Correct answer is [2].
the main scale)
Given, d ± ∆d = 0.4 ± 0.01 mm,
= 0.04 cm
L ± ∆L = 1000 mm,
Measured value of the diameter
∆L ± ∆(∆L) = 0.4 ± 0.02 mm,
= 4.1 + 6 (V.C) – zero error
Young’s modulus of elasticity is given by,
= 4.1 + 6 (0.01) – 0.04
FL = 4.1 + 0.02 = 4.12 cm = 412 × 10–2 cm
Y  
AL
6. If A  ( 2i  3 j  k )m and B  (i  2 j  2 k )m . The
Error in young’s modulus will be given by 
magnitude
 of component of vector A along
∆Y ∆F ∆L ∆A ∆(∆L) vector B will be __________ m.
= + + +
Y F L A ∆L
[JEE Main – 26th July 2022 - Shift-2]
2
d Sol. Correct answer is [2].
Since, ∆F = 0, ∆L = 0 and A = π
4  
∆Y ∆(∆L) ∆d (
A.B = 2i + 3j −  )(
k . i + 2j + 2
k )
So = +2  
Y ∆L d  A.B  2  1  3  2  1  2
 
∆Y 0.01 0.02  A.B  6
=2 + = 0.1
Y 0.4 0.4 
 B  12  2 2  2 2  9  3
Y  0.1 Y
FL mgL Magnitude of component of
∆Y = 0.1 = 0.1 
A∆L d2   A.B 6
π ∆L A along B=  = = 2
4 B 3

1×10 ×1× 4 7. A student in the laboratory measures thick­ness

∆Y = 0.1×
3.14 ×( 0.4 ×10−3 )2 × 0.4 ×10−3 of a wire using screw gauge. The read­ings are
= 2 ×1010 1.22 mm, 1.23 mm, 1.19 mm and 1.20 mm. The
x
Comparing above equation with given, x × 1010 percentage error is %. The value of x is
121
we get, x = 2 ……… . [JEE Main – 28th June 2022 - Shift-2]
28 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

Sol. Correct answer is [150]. ∆z ∆a ∆x 1 ∆y

Given a1 = 1.22 mm, a2 = 1.23 mm, =2 +3 +
z a x 2 y
a3 = 1.19 mm, a4 = 1.20 mm
a + a 2 + a3 + a 4  4  1  12  18
 2 (0)  3    2  100  =
True (average) value a = 1  100    100
4
4.84 ∆z
= = 1.21 mm Percentage error in z is × 100 = 18%
4 z
Absolute error 10. In a vernier callipers, each cm on the main scale
a1  | a1  a |  0.01 mm is divided into 20 equal parts. If tenth vernier
scale division coincides with nineth main scale
∆a2 = | a2 − a | = 0.02 mm division. Then the value of vernier constant will

∆a3 = | a3 − a | = 0.02 mm be ______________ × 10–2 mm.

∆a4 = | a4 − a | = 0.01 mm [JEE Main – 26th June 2022 - Shift-1]

Mean absolute error Sol. Correct answer is [5].
∆a + ∆a2 + ∆a3 + ∆a4 0.06 1 1
∆a = 1 = Given 1MSD = cm = × 10 =0 ⋅ 5 mm
4 4 20 20
0.015 1.5 x 10 VSD = 9 MSD
Percentage error = × 100 = = %
1.21 1.21 121
1VSD = 9 MSD = 9 × 1 = 9 cm
x = 150 10 10 20 200
8. A travelling microscope is used to determine the
9
refractive index of a glass slab. If 40 divisions are there → 1VSD = × 10 = 0.45 mm
in 1 cm on main scale and 50 Vernier scale divisions 200
are equal to 49 main scale divisions, then least count = 1 MSD − 1 VSD
Vernier Constant
of the travelling microscope is ________ × 10–6 m.
[JEE Main – 26th June 2022 - Shift-2] = 0.5 − 0.45 = 0 ⋅ 05 mm
Sol. Correct answer is [5]. = 5 × 10 −2 mm
Given 50 VSD = 49 MSD
V
49 11. The resistance R = , where V = (50 ± 2) V and
1 VSD = MSD I
50
I = (20 ± 0.2) A. The percentage error in R is ‘x’
49
= 1MSD − 1VSD
Least count = 1MSD − MSD
50 %. The value of x to the nearest integer is _____
1 [JEE Main – 16th March 2021 - Shift-1]
= MSD
50
1 cm of main scale has 40 divisions Sol. Correct answer is [5].
We can find % error in R by using expression,
1
1MSD = cm V ∆R ∆V ∆I
40 R= × 100 = × 100 + × 100
I R V I
1 1 1
=
\ least count × cm = cm 2 0.2
50 40 2000 = × 100 + × 100
50 20
= 0.5 × 10–5 m = 5 × 10–6 m =
(4 + 1) = 5%
1
9. For z = a2 x 3 y 2
, where ‘a’ is a constant. If 12. The radius of a sphere is measured to be (7.50
percentage error in measurement of ‘x’ and ± 0.85) cm. Suppose the percentage error in its
volume is x. Value of x to the nearest integer is
‘y’ are 4% and 12% respectively, then the
_____. [JEE Main – 18th March 2021 - Shift-2]
percentage error for ‘z’ will be ____________%.
[JEE Main – 25th June 2022 - Shift-2] Sol. Correct answer is [34].
Sol. Correct answer is [18]. As we know the relation
2 3 1/ 2 4 3
z=a x y V = πr
3
 PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT 29
V 3r O O
 100   100
V r
 0.85 
⇒ 3   100 ⇒ 34% 0 10
 7.50  5 90 92 95
Screw gauge Screw gauge
13. Three students S1, S2 and S3 perform an (A) (B)
experiment for determining the acceleration due [JEE Main – 25th July 2021 - Shift-1]
to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. They use Sol. Correct answer is [13].
different lengths of pendulum and record time for Actual reading = MSR + CSR + Error
different number of oscillations. The observations For case A
are as shown in the table. 0.322 = 0.300 + CSR + 5 × 0.001
[CSR]A = 0.017
Student Length of No. of Total time Time For case B
No. pendulum oscillations for n period 0.322 = 0.200 + CSR + 0.092
(cm) (n) oscillations (s) [CSR]B = 0.030
Difference = 0.030 – 0.017 = 0.013 cm
1. 64.0 8 128.0 16.0 0.013
Division on circular scale = = 13
0.001
2. 64.0 4 64.0 16.0 15. The diameter of a spherical bob is measured using
a vernier callipers. 9 divisions of the main scale,
3. 20.0 4 36.0 9.0 in the vernier callipers, are equal to 10 divisions
of vernier scale. One main scale division is 1 mm.
(Least count of length = 0.1 m least count for The main scale reading is 10 mm and 8th division
time = 0.1 s) of vernier scale was found to coincide exactly
If E1, E2 and E3 are the percentage errors in with one of the main scale division. If the given
vernier callipers has positive zero error of 0.04
‘g’ for students 1, 2 and 3 respectively, then
cm, then the radius of the bob is ______× 10–2 cm.
the minimum percentage error is obtained by [JEE Main – 31st Aug. 2021 - Shift-2]
student number. Sol. Correct answer is [52].
[JEE Main – 22nd July 2021 - Shift-2] Given,
Sol. Correct answer is [1]. Zero error = 0.04 cm
9 M.S.D. = 10 V.S.D.
Time period of a simple pendulum
1 V.S.D. = 0.9 M.S.D.
l 1 M.S.D. = 1 mm
T = 2π 1 V.S.D. = 0.9 mm
g
Least count (LC) = 1 M.S.D – 1 V.S.D.
4 π2 l = (1 – 0.9) mm
g= = 0.1 mm
T2
Reading = (M.S.R + LC × V.S.R.) – Zero error
On partial derivatives
0.04
∆g l 2 T = (10  8  0.1) 
=  ...(i) 10
g l T
Reading = 10.4 mm
On putting the data on (i) we observed stu­ diameter 10.4
dent (1) get minimum percentage error in g. So radius = = = 5.2 mm
2 2
14. Student A and Student B used two screw gauges = 52 × 10–2 cm
of equal pitch and 100 equal circular divisions to
16. The density of a solid metal sphere is determined
measure the radius of a given wire. The actual
by measuring its mass and its diameter. The
value of the radius of the wire is 0.322 cm. The
maximum error in the density of the sphere
absolute value of the difference between the final
circular scale readings observed by the students A is  x  %. If the relative errors in measuring
 100
and B is ______.
[Figure shows position of reference ‘O’ when the mass and the diameter are 6.0% and 1.5%
jaws of screw gauge are closed] Given pitch = respectively, the value of x is ______.
0.1 cm. [JEE Main – 6th Sep. 2020 - Shift-1]
30 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

Sol. Correct answer is [1050]. From the above equation :

Given : Maximum error in measuring density  m 3d
 
x  m d
of a sphere is %, the relative error in
100
x
6  6  3  1.5
measuring mass is % and the relative error 100
100
1.5 x
in measuring diameter is %. = 10.5
100 100
To find : The value of x.
Density of sphere : x = 1050
m 6m
  3

4 d d 3

3  2 

KINEMATICS 31
 32

Law of Triangle Law of Parallelogram

It has zero magnitude → → → →→ → → → →
R=P+Q A–B=A+(–B) λ × A=λA
and arbitrary direction → → → →
R Q Q R
→
→ i + y^
Position vector , r = x^ j
P →
P →
Displacement vector , ∆ r = ∆ x^ j
gnitu i +∆y^
It has magnitude as
one or unity

^
A →
A = v =vx i + vy j ,

A → → → →
magnitude|v | = √vx2+vy2

Vectors
V AB =VA –VB

Addition of
Vectors having →→ → →
V BA = VB –VA
same direction Vec
tor → →
and magnitude Kinematics → VAB = –VBA
a = axi + ayj; ax=dvx/dt & ay= dvy/dt
Part-2 → → →
Vectors having |V
& AB|=| VBA|
|a|=√ax2+ay2
same magnitude
but opposite direction
  Mo
eg. A is a negative of B tio
ni
na
  Pla When an object follows a circular path at
If, A = – B ne a constant speed , the motion of the
Motion of Body in object is called uniform circular motion.
tile two dimensional frame.
Vectors having ojec n
common starting Pr tio Angular velocity, ω= θ/t
mo Angular acceleration, α=∆ω/∆t
point.
Motion of an object that eg- merry go around.
is in flight after being thrown
or projected.
u=
x
ucosθ,u=
y
u sinθ
Total time of flight,Tf = 2u sinθ
Centripeta

g
l

ele r a ti o n

Maximum height,Hmax = u2sin2θ

x=(ucosθ)t;
Acce

2g A body in a circular motion acted

g
f acc

y=(u sinθ) t - 1 gt2 upon by an acceleration directed

lera

2
o

y=x tanθ– 2 2 x2 2
Horizontal range,R = u sin2θ 2u cos θ
tio

g towards centre of the circular

n

n ts

motion.
ne

Equ tile at any instant

ation of path of projec po ac=v2/r = rω2 = 4π2 rυ2
ax = 0,ay = −g C o m
Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS
 CHAPTER

2 Kinematics

Concept's name 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Motion in a Straight Line - 21 8 20 1
Kinematic in Two Dimensions 1 12 3 7 2
Integer Type Questions - 13 8 9 1

LIST OF TOPICS :

Syllabus
Topic-1 : Motion in straight line .... P. 36
Topic-2 : Kinematics in Two Dimensions .... P. 54

The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position- time graph, speed and velocity; Uniform
and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion,
velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, Scalars and Vectors,
Vector. Addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector.
Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.
Total distance covered s1 + s2 + s3 + …
On Tips Notes Average speed=
Total time taken
=
t1 + t2 + t3 + …
 MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE ØØ Velocity : Velocity is a vector quantity having
[JEE Main, 2024, 23, 21]
direction. It can be positive or negative.
ØØ Distance: Distance is actual path traversed by an
object from its initial position to final position. It is a Displacement
Velocity =
scalar quantity. Time interval
Distance depends on path whereas, displacement ØØ Average Velocity : It is the velocity which
does not. describes as the ratio of total displacement to the
Distance is always greater than or equal to total time interval, where displacement occurs.
displacement. Total displacement
Scan this Average velocity =
Distance and displacement are equal
Total time taken
in straight line motion without going
back. Initial velocity+ Final velocity u+v
= = v=
av
ØØ Speed : Speed is the absolute value 2 2
Speed,
of velocity vector which is the ratio of Velocity and
Initial velocity+ Final velocity u+v
distance covered by body to the time Acceleration= v=
av , where u is initial velocity and v is final
taken. SI unit of speed is meter per2 2
second (m/s). velocity.
Distance covered s ØØ Acceleration : Acceleration is the rate of change
Speed= = of velocity, or direction, or both with respect to
Total time taken t time, it is measured in m/s² (SI), cm/s² (CGS) with
where symbols have in usual meanings. dimensions as [M°LT-2].
ØØ Instantaneous Speed : When object covers a Change in velocity
distance ds in infinitesimal time dt then, speed is Acceleration =
Time taken
ds Final velocity − Initial velocity
said to be instantaneous speed i.e. v = . It is scalar =
dt Time taken in change in velocity
quantity.
ØØ Average Speed : It is the ratio of total distance v−u
=
travelled by the particle to total time taken to cover t
such distance. SI unit of average speed is meter per ØØ Instantaneous Acceleration : It is the rate of
second (m/s). change of velocity at an instant of time. Further, it
34 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

shows limit of average acceleration at a time interval When velocity increases with time, graph shows
Δt where it becomes infinitesimally small. an upward slope (a) while when velocity decreases
∆v dv with time, graph shows downward slope (b).
a = lim =
∆t → 0 ∆t dt
ØØ Uniform Motion : It is the motion in which
a particle covers equal displacements in equal
intervals of time.

Velocity
Displacement is equal to distance covered.

Velocity
No net force is needed for a body to undergo
uniform motion.
The velocity is independent of choice of origin.
The velocity is independent of time interval.
It may be average and instantaneous velocity. O Time
ØØ Non-Uniform Motion : When an object covers O
Figure (a) Time
unequal distances in equal intervals of time or when
a body travels equal distances in unequal intervals
of time is called non-uniform motion.
The motion of a particle or a body is said to be non

Velocity
uniform if :

Velocity
• It covers unequal distances in equal intervals of
time.
• It covers equal distances in unequal intervals of
time.
O Time
Mnemonic O Time
Concept: Motion In A Straight Line Figure (b)
(c) Acceleration-Time graph
Mnemonic: Delhi to Vadodara via a a
Tundla Agra
Interpretation:
Displacement/time = Velocity
Velocity / time = acceleration
t t
ØØ Equations of motion for uniform acceleration: Motion under Motion under
uniform acceleration
1 2 non-uniform acceleration
(i) v  v0  at (ii) s  v0t  2 at

2 2 a
(iii) v  v0  2 as (iv) sn  v0  2 ( 2n  1)
Acceleration
Displacement

Velocity

(a) Position-time graph Scan this

(b) Velocity-Time Graph :
(i) When a body moves with uniform
velocity, in such case, the velocity-time
graph for such body shows a straightTime Velocity-time Time Time
line, which is parallel to time axis. graph
d-t and Position- v-t graph a-t graph
time Graphs
Slope  Velocity Slope of curve
Slope → acceleration
 acceleration Slope of curve
Slope→ XX(no output)
Directly measured  displacement Directly measured  velocity Directly measured 
Area  X Area under
Area curve → Displacement
Displacement acceleration
AreaArea
undercurve → Velocity
Velocity
Velocity

 KINEMATIC IN TWO DIMENSIONS

ØØ Scalar Product : [JEE Main, 2024, 23, 21]
It is known as dot product or inner product.
Time In this, two vector quantities are taken which in turn
(ii) When a body moves with non-uniform velocity gives a single scalar quantity.
and constant acceleration, in such case, the velocity- → → → → → → → →
time graph shows a straight line. A · B = | A | | B | cos θ  {B·A = A·B}
 KINEMATICS 35
→ → q ® Angle at which boat is steered
Here, θ is the angle between vector A and B and f ® Angle at which boat moves
 
−1
 A⋅B  D ® drift
can be calculated as φ = cos    
 d d
| A||B| time to cross river ® t = ,t =
v0 sin θ min v0
The scalar product is an area bounded by the vectors.
ØØ Vector Product ØØ Rain umbrella concept: vRM = vR - vM
In vector product, result obtained will be vector ØØ When the man is moving with
Scan this
quantity where vector product between two vectors a velocity vM1 relative to ground
is shown by cross product towards east (positive x-axis), and
→ → → →
the rain is falling with a velocity vR
→ → →
A × B = C  {B × A = – A × B } relative to ground by making an angle
Relative
with vertical (negative z-axis). Then Velocity
→ → →
C = | A | | B | sin q n̂ the velocity of rain relative to man
→ RM1 is
Direction of vector C is shown by right hand rule v = v i − v k ;
→ R Rx Ry
where a thumb is kept along A with index finger ( vRX − vM1 )
→ vM1 = vM1 i and tan θ =
along B and pointing middle finger perpendicular vRy
→
to the thumb with index finger in direction C . ØØ Relative velocity of rain:
→ → 
If A is parallel to B , the vector product vanishes. vRM = vR2 + vM2
+ 2 vR vM cos 90°
ˆi × ˆj =kˆ and ˆj × ˆi =−kˆ
= vR2 + vM
2
ˆj × kˆ =i and kˆ × ˆj =−ˆi
BD vM
kˆ × ˆi =ˆj and ˆi × kˆ =−ˆj tan   
OB vR
Motion in a Plane
v 
Along x   tan 1  M 
• Motion is uniform i.e., velocity doesn't change  vR 
x = u cos q ØØ In order to protect himself from the rain, man
should hold the umbrella in the direction making an
1  vm 
angle   tan  .
 vr 

Along y
Motion is uniformly accelerated
a = –g vy = u sin q – gt Scan this
1
y = u sin q t – gt2
2
vy2 = u2 sin2 q – 2gy ØØ Uniform Circular Motion :
2
u sin 2θ 2u sin θ Projectile When an object moves along a circular path with
R= g ÞT= Þ Motion constant or uniform speed (v), direction of its
g
velocity will change.
u2 sin 2 θ 2r
Hmax = v
2g t
gx 2 ØØ Centripetal Acceleration :
Equation of Trajectory y = x tan  
2u2 cos2  It is an acceleration which is acting on an object that
 x undergoes uniform circular motion.
y = x tan   1   It always acts on the object along the radius towards
 R
the centre of the circular path.
River Boat Problem v2 4π2
u ® velocity of river stream a= = ω 2 r =π
4 2n2r = 2 r
r T
v0 ® velocity of boat
d ® width of river
36 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

Topic-1
Motion in Straight Line

JEE Main Previous Year Questions

Multiple Choice Questions C. III. v
x
1. A train starting from rest first accelerates
uniformly up to a speed of 80 km/h for time t,
then it moves with a constant speed for time 3t.
the average speed of the train for this duration
of journey will be (in km/h) t

(1) 30 (2) 80 t
(3) 40 (4) 70
[JEE Main – 6th April 2024 - Shift-1] -v
2. A vehicle travels 4 km with speed of 3 km/h D. IV. t
and another 4 km with speed of 5 km/h, then its x v
average speed is
(1) 3.50 km/h (2) 4.25 km/h
(3) 4.00 km/h (4) 3.75 km/h
[JEE Main – 30th Jan. 2023 - Shift-2] –v
v0
3. A ball of mass 200 g rests on a vertical post of t
height 20 m. A bullet of mass 10 g, travelling in Choose the correct answer from the options
horizontal direction, hits the centre of the ball. given below:
After collision both travels independently. The (1) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – IV
ball hits the ground at a distance 30 m and the (2) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – I
bullet at a distance of 120 m from the foot of the (3) A – I, B – III, C – IV, D – II
post. The value of initial velocity of the bullet (4) A – II, B – IV, C – III, D – I
[JEE Main – 30th Jan. 2023 - Shift-1]
will be: (if g = 10 m s–2):
5. A stone is projected at angle 30˚ to the horizontal.
(1) 360 m s–1 (2) 400 m s–1 The ratio of kinetic energy of the stone at point
(3) 60 m s–1 (4) 120 m s–1 of projection to its kinetic energy at the highest
[JEE Main – 30th Jan. 2023 - Shift-1] point of flight will be :
4. Match Column-I with Column-II. (1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 4 (3) 4 : 1 (4) 4 : 3
[JEE Main – 29th Jan. 2023 - Shift-1]
Column-I (x-t graphs) Column-II (v-t graph) 6. Two objects are projected with same velocity ‘u’
however at different angles 𝛼 and b with the
A. I. horizontal. If a + b = 90°, the ratio of horizontal
x v
range of the first object to the 2nd object will be:
(1) 2 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 (3) 1 : 1 (4) 4 : 1
[JEE Main – 25th Jan. 2023 - Shift-2]
7. The distance travelled by a particle is related to
time t as x = 4t2. The velocity of the particle at t
t t = 5 s is:
(1) 40 ms-1 (2) 20 ms-1 (3) 8 ms-1 (4) 25 ms-1
B. II. [JEE Main – 25th Jan. 2023 - Shift-2]
x x0 v
8. A car travels a distance of ‘x’ with speed v1 and
then same distance ‘x' with speed v2 in the same
direction. The average speed of the car is:
2 v1v2 2x
(1) (2)
v1 + v2 v1 + v2
t t v1v2 v1 + v2
(3) (4)
2  v1  v2  2
[JEE Main – 25th Jan. 2023 - Shift-1]
 KINEMATICS 37
9. The position of a particle related to time is given according to the relation v = 10 x m s–1 the
by x = (5t2 – 4t + 5) m. The magnitude of velocity force acting on the body is:
of the particle at t = 2 s will be: (1) 25 N (2) 5 N (3) 166 N (4) 125 N
(1) 10 m s–1 (2) 06 m s–1 [JEE Main – 11th April 2023 - Shift-2]
(3) 16 m s–1 (4) 14 m s–1 16. A projectile is projected at 30° from horizontal
[JEE Main – 15th April 2023 - Shift-1] with initial velocity 40 m s–1. The velocity of the
10. The distance travelled by an object in time t is projectile at t = 2 s from the start will be
given by s = (2.5)t2. The instantaneous speed of (Given g = 10 m s–2):
the object at t = 5 s will be: –1
(1) Zero (2) 20 3 m s
(1) 25 m s–1 (2) 12.5 m s–1 (3) 40 3 m s –1 (4) 20 m s–1
–1
(3) 5 m s (4) 62.5 m s–1 [JEE Main – 11th April 2023 - Shift-2]
[JEE Main – 13th April 2023 - Shift-2] 17. From the v-t graph shown, the ratio of distance
11. A passenger sitting in a train A moving at to displacement in 25 s of motion is:
90 km h–1 observes another train B moving in
20
the opposite direction for 8 s. If the velocity of
the train B is 54 km h–1, then length of train B is: v 10
(1) 120 m (2) 200 m (3) 320 m (4) 80 m m s–1 20 25
[JEE Main – 13th April 2023 - Shift-2] 0 5 10 15
ts
12. A disc is rolling without slipping on a surface.
The radius of the disc is R. At t = 0, the top –20
most point on the disc is A as shown in figure.
When the disc completes half of its rotation, the 3 1 5
displacement of point A from its initial position (1) (2) (3) (4) 1
5 2 3
is:
A [JEE Main – 11th April 2023 - Shift-1]
18. The positon-time graphs for two students A and
R B returning from the school to their homes are
shown in figure.
B
2
(1) 2R (1 + 4 π ) (2) R ( π2 + 4)
A
2
(3) 2R (4) R ( π + 1) x
[JEE Main – 13th April 2023 - Shift-1]
13. Two trains 'A' and 'B' of length 'l' and '4l' are
O t
travelling into a tunnel of length 'L' in parallel
(A) A lives closer to the school.
tracks from opposite directions with velocities
(B) B lives closer to the school.
108 km/h and 72 km/h, respectively. If train 'A'
(C) A takes lesser time to reach home.
takes 35s less time than train ‘B’ to cross the tunnel (D) A travels faster than B.
then, length 'L' of tunnel is: (Given L = 60l) (E) B travels faster than A.
(1) 2700 m (2) 1800 m (3) 1200 m (4) 900 m Choose the correct answer from the options
[JEE Main – 13th April 2023 - Shift-1] given below:
14. A ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial (1) (A) and (E) only (2) (A), (C) and (E) only
velocity of 150 m s–1. The ratio of velocity after 3 s (3) (B) and (E) only (4) (A), (C) and (D) only
x +1 [JEE Main – 10th April 2023 - Shift-1]
and 5 s is . The value of x is: (take, g =
x
19. A particle starts with an initial velocity of 10.0
10 m s–2) ms–1 along x-direction and accelerates uniformly
(1) 6 (2) 5 (3) –5 (4) 10 at the rate of 2.0 m s–2. The time taken by the
th
[JEE Main – 12 April 2023 - Shift-1] particle to reach the velocity of 60.0 m s–1 is :
15. A body of mass 500 g moves along x-axis such (1) 3 s (2) 6 s (3) 25 s (4) 30 s
that it’s velocity varies with displacement x [JEE Main – 6th April 2023 - Shift-2]
38 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

20. As shown in the figure, a particle is moving with Choose the correct answer:
constant speed p m s–1. Considering its motion (1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
from A to B, the magnitude of the average explanation of A.
velocity is: (2) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
B correct explanation of A.
V (3) A is true but R is false.
V
120° (4) A is false but R is true.
A
[JEE Main – 25th June 2022 - Shift-2]
25. Two buses P and Q start from a point at the
same time and move in a straight line and their
(1) p m s–1 (2) 2 3 m s–1 positions are represented by X P (t ) = αt + βt 2
–1 –1
(3) 3 m s (4) 1.5 3 m s and X Q (t=
) ft − t 2 . At what time, both the buses
th
[JEE Main – 6 April 2023 - Shift-2] have same velocity?
21. A particle is moving with constant speed in α− f α+ f
a circular path. When the particle turns by an (1) (2)
1+β 2 (β − 1)
angle 90° , the ratio of instantaneous velocity to
α+ f f −α
its average velocity is π : x 2 . The value of x (3) (4)
2 (1 + β) 2 (1 + β)
will be:
(1) 7 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) 5 [JEE Main – 25th June 2022 - Shift-2]
[JEE Main – 6th April 2023 - Shift-1] 26. When a ball is dropped into a lake from a
22. An object of mass 5 kg is thrown vertically height 4.9 m above the water level, it hit’s the
upwards from the ground. The air resistance water with velocity v and then sinks to the
produces a constant retarding force of 10 N bottom with the constant velocity v. It reaches
throughout the motion. The ratio of time of the bottom of the lake 4.0 s after it is dropped.
ascent to the time of descent will be equal to: The approximate depth of the lake is :
[Use g = 10 ms ] –2 (1) 19.6 m (2) 29.4 m (3) 39.2 m (4) 73.5 m
[JEE Main – 27th June 2022 - Shift-2]
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 2 : 3 (3) 3 : 2 (4) 2 : 3 27. Velocity (v) and acceleration (a) in two
[JEE Main – 24th June 2022 - Shift-2] systems of units 1 and 2 are related as v2
n a1
23. A fly wheel is accelerated uniformly from rest = 2 v1 and a2 = respectively. Here m and
m mn
and rotates through 5 rad in the first second. n are constants. The relations for distance and
The angle rotated by the fly wheel in the next time in two systems respectively are :
second, will be: n3 n2
= (1) 3 L1 L= and T1 T2
(1) 7.5 rad (2) 15 rad (3) 20 rad (4) 30 rad m
2
m
[JEE Main – 24th June 2022 - Shift-2] n4 n2
24. Given below are two statements. One is labelled = (2) L1 = 2
L 2 and T1 T2
m m
as Assertion A and the other is labelled as
Reason R. n2 n4
= (3) L1 = L 2 and T1 T2
Assertion (A): Two identical balls A and B m m2
thrown with same velocity ‘u’ at two different n2 n4
angles with horizontal, attained the same range
= (4) L 1 L=2 and T1 T2
m m2
R. If A and B reached the maximum height h1
[JEE Main – 28th June 2022 - Shift-2]
and h2 , respectively, then R = 4 h1 h2 .
28. A person moved from A to B on a circular path
Reason (R): Product of said heights as shown in figure. If the distance travelled by
 u sin θ   u cos θ 
2 2 2 2 him is 60 m, then the magnitude of displacement
= h1 h2  ⋅ would be:
 2 g   2 g 
(Given cos 135° = –0.7)
   
 KINEMATICS 39
B body of mass 1 kg and charge 5 mC is allowed
to slide down from rest at a height of 1 m. If the
135° coefficient of friction is 0.2, find the time taken by
A the body to reach the bottom.
O
 2 o 3 
 g  9.8 m / s , sin 30  
 2 

(1) 42 m (2) 47 m (3) 19 m (4) 40 m E=200N/C

1 kg, 5
[AIEEE 2010]
1m
29. A block ‘A’ takes 2 s to slide down a frictionless
incline of 30° and length ‘l’ kept inside a lift 30°
going up with uniform velocity ‘v’. If the incline
is changed to 45°, the time taken by the block, to
(1) 2.3 s (2) 0.46 s (3) 1.3 s (4) 0.92 s
slide down the incline, will be approximately :
th
(1) 2.66 s (2) 0.83 s (3) 1.68 s (4) 0.70 s [JEE Main – 26 Feb. 2021 - Shift-2]
[JEE Main – 27th July 2022 - Shift-2] 34. The velocity–displacement graph describing the
30. A ball is thrown up vertically with a certain motion of a bicycle is shown in the figure.
velocity so that, it reaches a maximum height v
h. Find the ratio of the times in which it is at
h
height while going up and coming down
3
respectively.
2 1 3 2 3 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) The acceleration–displacement graph of the
2 1 3 2 3 1 3
bicycle’s motion is best described by :
[JEE Main – 29th July 2022 - Shift-1] a(ms–2)
31. An engine of a train, moving with uniform
acceleration, passes the signal post with velocity (1) 18
u and the last compartment with velocity v. The
velocity with which middle point of the train 2
passes the signal post is: 0
200 400 x(m)

v 2 − u2 v−u a (ms–2)
(1) (2)
2 2
(2)
v 2 + u2 u+v 18
(3) (4)
2 2 2
0
th 200 400 x(m)
[JEE Main – 25 Feb. 2021 - Shift-1]
a (ms–2)
32. A scooter accelerates from rest for time t1 at
constant rate a1 and then retards at constant
rate a2 for time t2 and comes to rest. The correct (3) 18

t 2
value of 1 will be: 0
t2 200 400 x(m)

a1 + a2 a a1 + a2 a (ms )
(4) a1
–2

(1) (2) 2 (3)

a2 a1 a1 a2
(4) 18
[JEE Main – 26th Feb. 2021 - Shift-2]
2
33. An inclined plane making an angle of 30º with 0
200 400 x(m)
horizontal is placed in a uniform horizontal
N [JEE Main – 16th March 2021 - Shift-1]
electric field 200 as shown in the figure. A
C
40 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

35. A mosquito is moving with a velocity 40. A boy reaches the airport and finds that the
 escalator is not working. He walks up the
v  0.5 t 2 i  3t j  9
k m/s and accelerating in
uniform conditions. What will be the direction stationary escalator in time t1. If he remains
stationary on a moving escalator then the
of mosquito after 2 s?
escalator takes him up in time t2. The time taken
2
(1) tan 1   from x  axis by him to walk up on the moving escalator will
3 be –
5 tt t +t tt
(2) tan 1   from x  axis (1) t2 – t1 (2) 1 2 (3) 1 2 (4) 1 2
2 t2 − t1 2 t 2 + t1

2 [JEE Main – 20th July 2021 - Shift-2]

(3) tan 1   from y  axis
3 41. Water droplets are coming from an open tap at
particular rate. The spacing between a droplet
5
(4) tan 1   from y  axis observed at 4th second after its fall to the next
2
droplet is 34.3 m. At what rate the droplets are
[JEE Main – 16th March 2021 - Shift-2] coming from the tap ?
(Take g = 9.8 m/s2)
36. The velocity of a particle is v = v0 + gt + Ft2. Its
(1) 1 drop/second (2) 2 drops/second
position is x = 0 at t = 0; then its displacement
(3) 1 drops/7 seconds (4) 3 drops/2 seconds
after time (t = 1) is:
[JEE Main – 25th July 2021 - Shift-1]
g
(1) v0 + + F (2) v0 + 2 g + 3F 42. A balloon was moving upwards with a uniform
2
velocity of 10 m/s. An object of finite mass
g F
(3) v0 + g + F (4) v0 + + is dropped from the balloon when it was at
2 3 a height of 75 m from the ground level. The
[JEE Main – 17th March 2021 - Shift-2] height of the balloon from the ground when
37. A rubber ball is released from a height of 5 m object strikes the ground was around. (Takes the
above the floor. It bounces back repeatedly, value of gas 10 m/s2)
(1) 125 m (2) 250 m (3) 300 m (4) 200 m
always rising to 81 of the height through
100 [JEE Main – 25th July 2021 - Shift-2]
which it falls. Find the average speed of the ball. 43. The relation between time t and distance
(Take g = 10 ms – 2) x for a moving body is given as
(1) 2.50 ms–1 (2) 3.50 ms–1 t = mx2 + nx, where m and n are constants.
–1
(3) 3.0 ms (4) 2.0 ms–1 The retardation of the motion is – (Where
[JEE Main – 17th March 2021 - Shift-2] v stands for velocity)
38. A butterfly is flying with a velocity (1) 2n2v3 (2) 2mv3 (3) 2mv3 (4) 2mnv3
th
[JEE Main – 25 July 2021 - Shift-2]
4 2 m/s in North-East direction. Wind is
slowly blowing at 1 m/s from North to South. 44. The instantaneous velocity of a particle
The resultant displacement of the butterfly in 3 moving in a straight line is given as
seconds is : v = αt + βt2, where α and β are constants.
The distance travelled by the particle between
(1) 15 m (2) 12 2 m (3) 3 m (4) 20 m
1 s and 2 s is:
[JEE Main – 20th July 2021 - Shift-1]   3 7
39. Consider a mixture of gas molecule of types A, (1)  (2)   
2 3 2 3
B and C having masses MA < MB < MC ratio
3 7
of their root mean square speeds at normal (3) 3α + 7β (4)   
2 2
temperature and pressure is: th
1 1 1 [JEE Main – 25 July 2021 - Shift-2]
(1) vA  vB  vC (2) > >   
vA vB vC
45. The magnitude of vectors OA, OB and OC
1 1 1
(3) v= v= vC = 0 (4) < <
A B
v A v B vC in the given figure are equal. The direction of
  
[JEE Main – 20th July 2021 - Shift-1] OA  OB  OC with x-axis will be :
 KINEMATICS 41
Y    
49. The resultant
 of these force OP , OQ, OR , OS
C
and OT is approximately ______ N.
A

45°
=
[Take .7 , 2 1.4 , Given i and j unit
3 1=
30°
X vector along x, y axis]
O
60°
y
20 N P
B T Q
15 N 30° 0 N
1  3  2  3 1 2
60° 1
(1) tan 1 (2) tan 1 x’ 30° x
1  3  2 1  3  2 45° 0 45°

 3 1 2 1  3  2 15 N 20 N
(3) tan 1 (4) tan 1
1  3  2 1  3 
2 S y’ R
[JEE Main – 26th Aug. 2021 - Shift-1]
(1) −1.5i − 15.5j (2) 9.25i + 5j
46. A bomb is dropped by a fighter plane flying
horizontally. To an observer sitting in the plane, (3) 3i + 15j (4) 2.5i − 14.5j
the trajectory of the bomb is a:
(1) parabola in a direction opposite to the motion [JEE Main – 27th Aug. 2021 - Shift-1]
of plane.
50. Statement I :
(2) straight line vertically down the plane.    
(3) hyperbola.
(4) parabola in the direction of motion of plane.
Two forces
 
PQ and  PQ  where  
P ⊥ Q , when act at an angle θ1 to each
[JEE Main – 26th Aug. 2021 - Shift-2]
47. A ball is thrown up with a certain velocity so other, the magnitude of their resultant is
that it reaches a height ‘h’. Find the ratio of the
h
 
3 P2  Q2 , when they act at an angle θ2,
two different times of the ball reaching in the magnitude of their resultant becomes
3
both the directions.
2 1
 
2 P2  Q2 . This is possible only when
3 2
(1) (2) θ1 < θ2.
3 2 2 1
Statement II :
1 3 1
(3) (4) In the situation given above.
3 3 1 θ1 = 60° and θ2 = 90°
[JEE Main – 27th July 2021 - Shift-1] In the light of the above statements, choose
48. Statement I : the most appropriate answer from the options

  
 given below :
If three forces F1 , F2 and F3 are represented
 
by three sides of a triangle and F1  F2  F3 , (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
then these three forces are concurrent forces (2) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
and satisfy the condition for equilibrium. (3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
Statement II : (4) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

 
A triangle made up of three forces F1 , F2 and [JEE Main – 31st Aug. 2021 - Shift-2]


F3 as its sides taken in the same order, satisfy 51. An object of mass ‘m’ is being moved with a
the condition for translatory equilibrium. constant velocity under the action of an applied
In the light of above statements, choose the force of 2  N along a frictionless surface with
most appropriate answer from the options
following surface profile.
given below :
(1) Both statement I and statement II are true.
(2) Statement I is true but statement II is false.
(3) Statement I is false but statement II is true.
(4) Both the statement I and statement II are m
false.  
[JEE Main – 31st Aug. 2021 - Shift-2] D
42 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

The correct applied force vs distance graph will (1) (2)

be : a a
F
2N
t t
(1) x (3) (4)
a a
-2 N
D
F t t
th
[JEE Main–12 May, 2012]
54. The graph of an object’s motion (along the
D x-axis) is shown in the figure. The instantaneous
(2) x
velocity of the object at points A and B are v­A
and vB respectively. Then
-2 N x(m)
15

F
10
B
(3) -2 N
5
A
x x = 4 m
D
0 10 20
t(s)
F t = 8 s
2N (1) vA = vB = 0.5 m/s (2) vA = 0.5 m/s < vB
(3) vA = 0.5 m/s > vB (4) vA = vB = 2 m/s
(4) x [JEE Main–7th May, 2012]
55. An object, moving with a speed of 6.25 m/s, is
-2 N dv
decelerated at a rate given by = − 2.5 v
dt
D
where v is the instantaneous speed. The time
[JEE Main – 1st Sep. 2021 - Shift-2] taken by the object, to come to rest, would
52. A particle moves from the point (2.0 ^ i + 4.0 ^
j) be:
^
m, at t = 0, with an initial velocity (5.0 i + 4.0 (1) 2s (2) 4s (3) 8s (4) 1s
^
j ) m s–1. It is acted upon by a constant force [AIEEE–2011]
which produces a constant acceleration (4.0 ^ i+ 56. A goods train accelerating uniformly on a
^ –2
4.0 j ) m s . What is the distance of the particle straight railway track, approaches an electric
from the origin at time 2 s? pole standing on the side of track. Its engine
passes the pole with velocity u and the guard’s
(1) 15 m (2) 20 2 m
room passes with velocity v. The middle wagon
(3) 5 m (4) 10 2 m of the train passes the pole with a velocity.
[JEE Main – 11th Jan. 2019 - Shift-2]  [JEE Main–19th May, 2012]
u+v 1 2
53. The distance travelled by a body moving along (1) (2) u + v2
2 2
a line is proportional to t3.
The acceleration-time (a – t) graph for the  u2  v 2 
(3) uv (4)  
motion of the body will be:  2 
 KINEMATICS 43
57. From a tower of height H, a particle is thrown 2. Option (4) is correct.
vertically upwards with a speed u. The time total distance 8 km
Average speed = =
taken by the particle, to hit the ground is n times total time (t1+t2 )h
that taken by it to reach the highest point of its 8 8 × 15
= = 3.75 km h–1
path. The relation between H, u and n is: 4 4 = 32
+
(1) 2gH = n2u2 (2) gH = (n­ – 2)2 u2d 3 5
2
(3) 2gH = nu (n – 2) (4) gH = (n – 2)u2 3. Option (1) is correct.
[JEE Main–2014] M = 0.2 kg

v0 v2
v1
ANSWER – KEY m=0.01 kg

1. (4) 2. (4) 3. (1) 4. (4)

5. (4) 6. (3) 7. (1) 8. (1)
9. (3) 10. (1) 11. (3) 12. (2) h=20 m
13. (2) 14. (2) 15. (1) 16. (2)
17. (3) 18. (1) 19. (3) 20. (4) 30 m
21. (2) 22. (2) 23. (2) 24. (1)
25. (4) 26. (2) 27. (1) 28. (2) 120 m
29. (3) 30. (2) 31. (3) 32. (2) Let v1 and v2 be the velocities of the ball and the
33. (3) 34. (1) 35. Bonus 36. (4) bullet after collision.
37. (1) 38. (1) 39. (4) 40. (2) Both take the same time t to reach the ground.
41. (1) 42. (1) 43. (2) 44. (2) 1
h = gt2
45. (4) 46. (2) 47. (1) 48. (1) 2
49. (2) 50. (2) 51. (4) 52. (2) 2 h 2  20
53. (2) 54. (1) 55. (1) 56. (4) t2 =
 =4
g 10
57. (3) t = 2 s
For the ball,
ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS 30 = v1t = v1(2) Þ v1 = 15 m/s
1. Option (4) is correct. For the bullet,
Given: u = 0 120 = v2t = v2(2) Þ v2 = 60 m/s
Conservation of momentum gives (ball + bullet,
a =a
system)
v = 80 km/h
0.01v0= 0.01v2 + 0.2v1
t1 = t
v0 = v2 + 20v1 = 60 + 20(15)
t2 = 3t
From acceleration, = 360 m s–1

v − u 80 − 0 80 4. Option (4) is correct.

=a = = dx
t t t velocity v= = slope of (x-t) graph
dt
Distance in first t sec A. x = kt2 where k = const.
1 2 dx
v= = 2kt
S = ut + at dt
2
A. → II.
1 80 2
S1 = × × t = 40t B. x = x0e – kt where k = const
2 t
dx
v   x0 ke  kt
Distance with constant speed dt
S2 = 80 × 3t = 240t B. → IV.
Total distance = S1 + S2 = 280t C. 1st half, x = kt where k = constant
Total distance dx
v = = k = constant
Average speed = dt
Total time
280t 280t 2nd half, x = k0 – k't where k0 and k' are constant
= =
= 70 km/h
t + 3t 4t dx
v= = – k'’ = constant
dt
 44 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

C. → III. 2x 2v v
= = 1 2
D. x = kt where k = constant x x v1+v2
+
dx v1 v2
v= = k = constant
dt
9. Option (3) is correct.
D. → I. dx
x = 5t2 – 4t + 5 Þ =
v = 10t − 4
5. Option (4) is correct. dt
Kinetic energy at point of projection
At t = 2 s, v = 16 m s–1
1
K.E.pop = mu2 10. Option (1) is correct.
2
s = 2.5 t2
Now the kinetic energy at the top is ds
Instantaneous speed, =
v = 5t
1 dt
m  ucos 30 
2
K.E.Top 
2 v (at t = 5 sec) = 5 × 5 = 25 m s–1
11. Option (3) is correct.
Ratio would be: 5
vA = 90 km h–1 = 90 × = 25 m s–1
1 18
K.E.pop mu2
 2 –1 5
1 K.E.Top vB = 54 km h = 54 × = 15 m s–1
m  ucos 30 
2
18
2
vBA = 25 – (–15) = 40 m s–1 = velocity of B w.r.t. A.
1 4
 2
 Length of train B = 40 × 8 = 320 m
 3 3
12. Option (2) is correct.
 2 
  A
6. Option (3) is correct.
R s
u2 sin 2
R1  = Range of an oblique projectile
g R

R2 
2 
u2 sin 2 u sin 2 90  



 
u2 sin 180  2  R A
g g g Displacement of point A after half rotation

R2 
2 
u2 sin 2 u sin 2 90  
 
 
u2 sin 180  2   = 4 R 2 + π2=
R 2 R 4 + π2
g g g
13. Option (2) is correct.

R2 
u2 sin 2


u2 sin 2 90     u2 sin 180  2  L = 60l
l l
g g g v1 v1
A
u2 sin 2

g 61l
t1 =
= R1 v1
Since R2 = R1
Þ v1 = 108 km h −1 = 108 × 5 = 30 m s−1
R1 18
= 1:1
R2 61l
t1 = (s )
7. Option (1) is correct. 30
Given x = 4t2 L = 60l
4l 4l
dx
Velocity v = = 8t B v2 v2
dt
at t = 5 s, m = 8 × 5 = 40 m/s 64l
t2 =
8. Option (1) is correct. v2
x x 5
A v1 B v2 C Þ v2 = 72 km/h = 72 × = 20 m/s
18
t1 t2
64l
2x t2 =
total distance 20
Average speed = 
total time t1  t2
 KINEMATICS 45
61l 64l From the given graphs, it can be seen
Given t1 = t2 – 35 Þ = − 35 slopeB > slopeA
30 20
vB > vA
On solving, l = 30 m
\ Statement (E) is correct.
Length of the tunnel, L = 60l = 1800 m
Also, xA < xB, A lives closer to school.
14. Option (2) is correct. \ Statement (A) is correct.
Given, u = 150 m s–1, t1 = 3 s, t2 = 5 s 19. Option (3) is correct.
v1 = u + at1 = 150 – 10 × 3 = 120 Here, u = 10 m s–1 , a = 2 m s–2, v = 60 m s–1
v2 = u + at2 = 150 – 10 × 5 = 100 v−u
We know that, a=
v1 120 6 x + 1 t
Now, = = =
v2 100 5 x
60 − 10 50
On comparing we get, x = 5 Þ t= = = 25s
2 2
15. Option (1) is correct.
20. Option (4) is correct.
Given, m = 500 g, v = 10 x m/s
Given, v = p m s–1
dv d (10 x ) v π
=a v= 10 x Þ w= =
dx dx R R
10 2π
= 10
= x 50 m s –2 Angular displacement, =
θ 120° or
2 x 3
Force, F = ma = 0.5 × 50 = 25 N 2π
θ 3= 2 R
16. Option (2) is correct. Time taken, =
t =
ω π 3
Given, u = 40 m s–1, q = 30°
−1 R
ux = ucos q = 40cos 30° = 20 3 m s
120°
uy = usin q = 40sin 30° = 20 m s–1 Linear displacement, d = 2 R sin
2
After t = 2 s,
d = 2R × sin 60o = 3R
v=
x u=
x 20 3
d
vy = uy – gt = 20 – 10 × 2 = 0 Average velocity, v′ =
t
Since y component of velocity is zero,
3R
hence v = vx = 20 3 = 1.5 3 m s –1
2R
17. Option (3) is correct.
3
Displacement = Area under v-t graph
21. Option (2) is correct.
1 1 1 Instantaneous velocity
= × 10 × 5 + 5 × 10 + × 5 × (10 + 20) + × 5 × 20
2 2 2
arc length
1 v =
− × 5 × 20 time
2
B
= 25 + 50 + 75 + 50 – 50 = 150 m
Distance = 25 + 50 + 75 + 50 + 50 = 250 m
R 2
distance 250 5 R
Now, = =
displacement 150 3
A
Alternative: If motion is not in a straight line O R
distance
then > 1,
displacement
Only option (3) is satisfying this condition.
18. Option (1) is correct. πR
x Þ v=
2
xB B
t
A
xA πR
Þ t=
2v
t
46 Oswaal JEE Main Solved Papers (Chapter-wise & Topic-wise) PHYSICS

Now the average velocity Let a1 = q and a2 = 90o – q

<v>=
= =
R 2 R 2 × 2v 2 2v u2 sin 2 θ u2 cos2 θ
t πR π
= h1 = and h2
2g 2g
Therefore,
4(u sin θ)2 (u cos θ)2 R 2
v v×π π
= h1 h2 = ...(i)
= = 16 g 2 16
< v > 2 2v 2 2
So x=2 2(u sin θ)(u cos θ)
as R=
22. Option (2) is correct. g
While going up, g and acceleration due to air
from (i), R = 4 h1 h2
resistance, both act downwards, hence net
retardation
g eff1= g + a where = 10
a = 2m/s2
5 u
u
While coming down, g acts downwards but 90 
acceleration due to air resistance acts upwards,
hence net acceleration g eff2= g − a
25. Option (4) is correct.
Now while going up, let h be the maximum Givne X P (t ) = αt + βt 2
height attained. The velocity of object at h will
be v = 0. ) ft − t 2
X Q (t=

2 u2 d
0 = u − 2 g eff1 h → h = Vp (t ) = X P (t ) = α + 2βt
2 g eff1 dt

u d
0 =u − g eff1 ta → ta = ...(i) VQ (t )= X Q (t )= f − 2t
g eff1 dt

u 2
1 For VP (t ) = VQ (t )
=
While coming down h = g eff td2
2 g eff1 2 2 Þ t ( 2β + 2 )= f − α
α + 2βt = f − 2t
u f −α
td = ...(ii) t=
g eff1 g eff2 2 (1 + β)

From eq. (i) and eq. (ii) we get 26. Option (2) is correct.

ta g eff2 g −a 10 − 2 2
= = = =
td g eff1 g+a 10 + 2 3
t1 s
23. Option (2) is correct. h = 4.9 m
1 v
Applying=θ w0 t + α t 2 (w0 = 0)
2
1 d t2 s
5= α (1)2
2
α =10 rad/s2
Here when Ball is dropped first it falls under
Let θ′ be the angle rotated in the next second
gravity from height h = 4.9 m
1 Later when it enters into water it moves with
θ + θ′= α(2)2 = 20rad
2 constant velocity for depth d.
θ=′ 20 − θ= 20 − 5= 15 rad So first let us find out it’s velocity when it
24. Option (1) is correct. reaches surface of water.
For a given u, Range R is same when angles of 9.8
v= 2 gh = 2 × 9.8 × 4.9 = 2 × 9.8 ×
projection are complementary to each other 2
 KINEMATICS 47
v = 9.8 m/s B
So, now it move in water with this velocity and
r
the total time taken is t,
r 
t = t1 + t2

⇒ 4 = t1 + t 2 A
r
For, t1 (falling under gravity)
Magnitude of displacemet AB
1
h = 0 × t1 + gt1  
2 r  2r sin
2
2h 2 × 4.9
⇒ t1 =
= = 1s 
g 9.8 Now 2 sin  2(1  cos  )
2
So t2 = 4 – 1 = 3 s 3π
where θ = rad = 135
Depth d = v t2 4
d = 9.8 × 3 = 29.4 m θ
2 sin  = 2(1 − cos135=
°) 2(1 + 0.7)
= 3.4
 2 
27. Option (1) is correct.
  80 
n v1 m 2 r    3.4
Given, v2 = v → =
m2
1
v2 n  
80
a1 a   1.84
a2 = → 1 =
mn 
mn a2  47 m
velocity
Now, time = 29. Option (3) is correct.
acceleration Acceleration down the incline = g sin θ
T1 v1 a2 m2 1 m 1
  = × = l = ( g sin θ) t2
T2 v2 a1 n mn n 2 2
n2 2l
T2 = T1 t=
m g sin θ
length = velocity × time
t1 sin θ 2
L1 v1 T1 m2 m m3 =
= × = × 2 = 3 t2 s in θ1
L 2 v2 T2 n n n

2
n3 = 1.41
L2 = L 1 t2
m3
2 2
28. Option (2) is correct. t2 = = = 1.69 s
s 1.41 1.18
30. Option (2) is correct
B

r 135°
A
r

s = r θ = Arc length
3π Let in time t1 the ball reaches to height h and
60 = r 3
4
80 in time t2 it again reaches to height h .
r= m 3
π It is initially thrown with velocity u, reaches to
height ‘h’