Example 16. Two concen .

circles are o f ra di i 13 cm
hord o f thetrou
ic t r circle w hi ch and
e touches th e in ne 5 c,n. F i
c r circle 1ld the z..
L et O be t he cent re of th e concentric circle .__
S ol ut io n :
f th s an d le t A •
e ou te r circle, touch ' th • B-- ~ I
be a chord 0 in g e in ne r circ 'I ,
at P. le
•
Join OA and OP.
Now, th e ra di us
th ro ug h th e p o
perpendicular to th in t o f co n ta ct is
e ta ng en t.
:. O P .L A B .
Since, th e perpendi
cular from th e ce nt
Now, in right AOPA re to a chord, bise
, we ha ve OA = 13 cts the chOfd,
:. 0p 2 + AP2 = 0A cm an d OP = 5 Cl
2 ~ AP2 = 0A 2 ll. Q,I\·
~ AP = ✓144 -cm0 p=2 = (132 - 52) = (169 - :
12 cm.
:. AB = 2AP (2
x 12) cm = 24 cm = .
25) • l4t.
Hence, th e length
of chord A B = 24
Example 17. In the given cm.
figure, P T is a co m
circles touching ex m on ta ng
ternally at P an d A en t to th e
common tangent to B is an ot he r
uching th e circles
Prove th at : at A an d B.
(i ) T is the mid-point
of A B ;
(ii) L APB = 90°;
(iii) If X an d Y ar
e cent
diameter touches res o f the tw o circles, show that th
S ol ut io n : the line XY. e cin:l, on AB ■·
(i ) Since th e tw
o tangents to a circ i
TA = T P an d TB le from an extern
al point are eq ua l,•
= TP. •·
:. TA = TB
[Each eq ua l to T
Hence, T bi se ct s P]
AB, i.e., T is th e
(i i) TA = T P ⇒ m id -p oi nt of AB.
LTAP = L T P A
TB = TP ⇒ L T B
P = LTPB
:. LTAP + LTBP
= LTPA + LTPB
⇒ LTAP + LT = LAPB
BP + LAPB = 2L
⇒ 2LAPB = 180° APB
[·: The su m o f th
⇒ LAPB = 90 e L s o f a A is 180'1
°
(i ii) T hu s, P li
es on th e semi-ci
Hence, th e circle rcle w it h AB as
on AB as di am et diameter.
er to uc he s the·li
ne xY.
-- -~ -H :i! !!! *~ ili
!!f l!: ::a &l !S AA

--
il: liM IJ (
l. Fi nd th e le ng
at a distan th of th t
f
EXERc1sE 1 9 A
lii iii iii iii i.i iii iii
iii ~~ ~~ _J
'r -• & -
. ~
e an ge nt dr aw n
2. A point p •ce o 10 cm from to a ci rc le ~~
of ta ng en t 1 17 ~
circle.
:r
aw ay from
th
e ce nt re of th e ci.
of ra di us 8 cm, fro
rc le.
aw n rom p to th th e ce nt re of th e ci rc le an d th
e circle is 15 cm e length
tn a
p ai n\_.

3. There ar e two . F in d th e ra di us
·of the
an d 26 cm re sconce t . .
. n n c circles, ea ch
circle which :~ iv w it h ce nt re O an
e ly• ~ in d th e le
ng d of ra di.i. lO cxn
uc es th e in ne r ci th of th e ch or d AB of
314 rcle at p . th e outer "
rJII'
~,, :
FoundatiO_ MB_ _ _ _
fl _
_ .. .. _
 tres of circles of radii 9 cm and 2 cm such that
d J3 are ce;C is the centre of the circle of radius r cm which
'- /. '! 17 clll ~}>ove circles externa lly. If LACB = 90°, write an
~cbes ~er and solve it. [2004]
~ 8tio11 ill == AC2 + BC2 ~ (17)2 = (9 + r) 2 + (2 + r)2 • Find r.J
2
(JliOt: JJJ
ch each other externa lly at a point C and
'J'fO cifcl~St~: the commo n tangen t at C. If PA and PB
5- piS a pO~ts to the two circles, prove that PA = PB.
,re tani!A == PC and PB = PC (Why?).]
(Jli!lt : ,r:L'l
. }es touch each other interna lly. Prove that the tangent s drawn to the two
~~Ill any point on the commo n tangent are equal in length.
/:',',;rel cireles of radii 18 cm and 8 cm touch externa lly. Find the length of a direct
IJ.'r,,o tangent to the two circles.
aunon
~ cirCles of radii 8 cm and 3 cm have their centres 13 cm apart. Find the length of
e,i; - ~ common tangent to the two circles. •
if\Two circles of radii 8 cm and 3 cm have a direct common tangent of length 10
cm.
\7Find the distance betwee n their centres , upto two places of decimal .
.
IO. With the vertices of Af>QR as centres , three circles are describe d, each touchin
g the
other two externally. If the sides of the triangle are 7 cm, 8 cm and 11 cm, find the
radii of the three circles.
A
@AABC is a right-an gled triangle in which LA = 90°, AC
= 12 cm and BC = 13 cm. A circle with centre O has
been inscribed inside the triangle .
Calculate the value of x, the radius of the inscribe d B'---;::::.....!--c:::._ _ _ _
____.:::::.. c
circle. . 13 an
~PQR is a right-an gled triangle with PQ = 3 cm and QR= 4 cm. A circle which ,touches
all the sides of the triangle is inscribe d in the triangle . Calcula te the radius
of the
circle.
(2005)
A
11 In the given figure,
0 is the centre of each one of two
~ntric circles of radii 4 cm and 6 cm respecti vely.
and PB are tangen ts to outer and inner circle
~ively . If PA = 10 cm, find the length of PB, upto
Places of decimal.

If.~given. figure, MBC is circums cribed. The circle

If AP_ :e sides AB, BC and CA at P, Q, R respecti vely.
find th- cm, BP= 7 cm, AC= 14 cm and BC= x cm,
e Value of x.
IS. In the .
~ cir~ve~ figure, quadril ateral ABCD is circums cribed.
~Sres~ .uches the sides AB, BC, CD and DA at P, Q,
a_ 6 lVely. If AP= 9 cm, BP= 7 cm, CQ = 5 cm and
bliait. : : : find the perime ter of quadril ateral ABCD.
~ - AS, BP = BQ, CQ = CR and DR = DS.]
~t' A
~;;r98 of
Circles 315
 16. In the given figure, the circle touches the si_des AB, BC, CD
and DA of a quadrilateral ABCD at the
points P, Q, R and
s respectively. If AB= 11 cm, BC= x cm , CR= 4 cm and
AS = 6 cm, find the value of x.
g
fO

A\---,;:i,.,,,...-c:::-1
◄

€} In the given figure, a circle touches the side BC of MBC

at P and AB and AC produced at Q and
R respectively. If
AQ = 15 cm, find the perimeter of £\A
BC. A

18. In the given figure, PA and PB are

two
circle with centre 0. If LAPB = 40° tangents to the
, find LAQB and
LAMB.
[Hi nt. Join OA and OB.
LPAO = 90° and LPBO = 90°.
LOAP + LAPB + LPBO + LAOB =
360°
=> LAOB = 140°.
:. LAQB = 70° and LAMB = (180°
- 70°) = 110°.)
19. In the given figure, PA and
PB are
to the circle ·with centre 0. If LAPB two tangents
= 50°, find :
(i) LAOB (ii) LO AB (iii) LA I

CB :
20. In the given figure, PQ is a
diameter of a circle with centre 0
and Pr is a tangent at P. QT me
ets the circle at R. If LPOR
=72°, find LPrR.
[Hi nt. LPQR = 36° and LQPT
.= 90°. Sum of the Ls of !lQPT
is 180°]. '.
;
p
21. In the given figure, 0 is the
centre of the
circumcircle of !lABC. Tangents at
A and B
intersect at T. If LATB = 80° and
LAO C =
130°, calculate LC AB .

[Hi nt. TA =TB => LTA B = LTB A = 50°.

OA =OC => LOAC = LOCA =25°
Afso, LO AT =90°. So LO AB =(90
°- 50°) = 40° .]
22. In the given figure, PA and
PB are tangents to a circle with
centre O and a ABC has been insc
AB = AC. ribed in the circle such tha t
If L BAC =72°, calculate (i) L AO
B (ii) L APB. p

23. Show· tha t the tangent lines at

diameter of a circle are parallel.the end points of a
·:
[Hint. LOBC = 90° and LO AF = 90°.
LOBC = LOAF and these are alt.
Ls.]

i31"6: - - - - - - - - - - - - . . - : . ._ e ,
_ _ _ _ _F,_o_un_d_aU_o_n_:M_a-::-the-=matJ
cl fd
 the tangents at the extremities of
tb•t with the chord. any chord. ..
~ ,1 eiisleShe tangents at A and B meet at P. make
Ct , 1.tt t ·n,g AB at C. n OP Joi
~ ,,riee
oAct' :::....ULDB C tPA = PB, Pc = Pc L.APc
' •
• -"DP
~tJ'AC == LPBC.l ' = "'-0 C
••

t the line segment joining the . A

fi)Sbo"' tb~gents passes through the points of contact of
centre. two
I
I

O~ el raw EO \\ AB \\ CD.
[IIIPt, ~ow, EO \\ AB ⇒ LA.PO + LEOP
. ,J.
= 180° I
⇒ LE OP =90° [·: LAPO =90o)
t
I
Similarly, LE OQ = 900.
L.EOP + LEOQ = 180°. So, POQ is a
•
straight line.).
I
th given figure, PQ is a transverse com
-.1n d: and of radii 5 cm and 3 cm resp mon tangent to two . cl "th = I
~12 ctn, calculate AB. - ectively. If PQ intersects : :: ~~t
ns A
•
I
. l
I
lftint. Join AP and BQ. Then AP l PQ and t CP I'
BQ l PQ.
:. CA=

CA PA 13
. -=
•• CB -B
.[cp2 + AP2
APAC .. ~QBC
✓(12)2 + (5)2 = 13 cm.
=
{LAPC =LBQC = 90°, LPCA = LQ
5
CB}. I'

Q <:)CB= 3 ~C B= 7.8 cm.] \

:

r,. AABC is an isosceles triangle in wh

lI ◄
ich AB =AC, circumscribed .• A
about· a circle. Prove tha t the base I

.I
t
is bisected by the point of I
'
contact. .I
lHint. AP =AR, BP = BQ and CQ =CR. I
Now, AB = AC and AP = AR
~ AB - AP =AC - AR
~B P= CR=> BQ = CQ.]
I I

@1n the given figure, quadrilateral

ABCD is ~ b e d and
AD 1 AB. If the radius of incircle is • I
10 cm, find the value of x. i
lBint. Let DR =DS =y cm. Also, AS = 10
cm. \
No~i: , AB + DC =BC + AD ~ x + 27 '
\
+ Y. = 10 + Y + 38 I
• '
~ x = 21 cm.]
•

\
I

\
~ Inas ~eCtn ~V• en figure, a circ.
. . 'bed • ~- ABC]), If BC = 'II
le 18 UlS cn in iuDC find the radius
lb!•l le circle.
=
oft'- ' Q 27 cm DC =25 cm and AD ' . . • •. , A•
I
!
' • .
~t . BR= BQ = 27 cm. So, CR= (38 . ·. ·
- 27) cm~- 1~ cm.•. \
:, CS = CR =11 cm. \
~ =
.•. DS (25 - 11) cm 14 cm (Ra .
= =
dius oft
he circle).1 D~◄:::::;;::!~;t·
Sa n .'
'
Pertles of Circles 317 I
''
I
 . figure o is th
SO. In th e ~ven65o fin,d th e ce ntr e of th e cir cle an d SP is a tangent
If LSR1. = e va lue s of x, Y an d z.
, •
{H int . Since SP is a tange
nt a! S, so ~O SP : L: SP
In ATSR, xo + 900 + 65 = = 900.
18 0 => x - 25 •
LS OQ = 2L ST Q [Angle at the centre is do
• _ n,.,. _ 50° uble
.. y - ~ - the an gle at a po in t on the
re ma ini ng pa rt of the cir
cle]
In APOS, yo + 900 + zo =
1800 => 500 + 900 + zo =
1800 ~ z
= 40.]

31. In the given figure, TP

an d
circle wi th ce ntr e 0, tou ch TQ ar e tw o tan ge nt s to th e
ing at A an d C res pe cti ve
=
If LBCQ 55° an d LBAP
= 60°, fin d :
ly.
(i) LOBA an d LOBC
(ii) LAOC (ii i) LATC
(20 20 )

32. In th e given figure, 0 is

th e ce
PR ar e tan ge nts an d LQ PR ntr e of th e circle. PQ an d
= 70°. Ca lcu lat e : (i) LQ OR
(ii) LQSR

(20 22 , Se m es te r 2)
33 . In the given figure, 0
is th e ce ntr e of th e circle.
tan ge nt to th e circle at A. CE is a
If LABD = 26°, th en fin d C
(i) LBDA
:
(ii) LBAD
(iii)LCAD (iv) LODB
-------------------- (2 02 3)

In te rs ec tin g Ch or ds &
-------------
Ta ng en ts
. Se gm en ts of a Ch ord
•.
l
(i) If P isa point on a chord AB
P divides AB int ern all y int of a circle, th en we sa y th at
o two se gm en ts PA an d PB
.

(ii) If AB is a chord of a circle

an d
we sa y th at P divides AB ex P is a po int on AB produced,
an d PB. ter na lly int o tw o se gm en ts
PA

Th eo rem 1 • If two chor

Ca
the length
ds of a circle intersect int er
s of their segme nts are equal.
. se I. W he n th e tw o ch or ds in te rs e t. t
na lly or externally, then , h

cm er nal ly:
'
i~

Gi ve n : Two ch?rds A!3

at a po mt P ma
~d CD of a circle int ers ec
t ea ch oth er
To pro ve : PA x PB = PC 1de th e circle.
x PD.
Co ns tru cti on : Jo in AC
an d BD.
318
Foundation
 ent Reason
; si,tein!:.:'.--=-:-::--~~---;:=--~---:-~==~ ------
') J3CA + LCAB ...(i) Exterior L. of a fl = sum of int. opp. L.s
,r_ ~ t AB ...(ii) Ls in alternate segments.
•·Alf.A"' tp
,1J pr_~ ::: 2LBAD ("')
••• tu AD 1•s the bisector of LBAC.

,,d t ,pAB + 2LBAD Using (i), (ii) and (iii).

p,BP:: ~
,:. 1 ( ~u1p - LPAB)
~JPD== 2 UUJ
,pAB + LBAD ...(iv)
m}J):: ~
,1;,\B • t13CA ...(v) Ls in alternate segments.
J LBAJ) = LCAD ...(vi) AD is the bisector of LBAC.
~tpAD = LBCA + LCAD Using (iv), (v) and (vi).
l·· = LDCA + LCAD LBCA = LDCA, same angle.
= 180° - LADC LDCA + LCAD + LADC = 180°
:LADP PDC is a straight line.
1hUS, LPAD = LADP
:::tPA =PD. Sides opposite to equal Ls of a fl are equal.
1
IO,LBAD = (LABP - LPAB) and PA= PD.
2
t EXERCISE 19B j::-;,e , , ·, ::,a, .¢51.Ui4e.. jff5' :i

LFild nknown length x in each of the following figures :

B

(ii) (iii)

(v)

lr_o
( It E. chords AB and CD of a circle intersect externally
rte
11 CD.It 2 etn, EA = 3 cm and AB = 5 cm, find the length
0

E~---l-------f

(2022, Semester 2)
~-rties of Circles 327
 ft re PT is a tangent to the circle.
In the adjoining gu '
3• . - 16 cm and AB =12 cm. (2007 ..
Find pr, 1f AP~

AB and CD of a circle intersect at a point p ins~d

1 .
,. Two chortls AP_ 4 cm and PD = 7.2 cm. Find CD. e the •
/AB=12 CD1, 2
- • .
-..,/ [Hint : PA x PB =PC x PD.] . •

If AB d CD are two chords of a circle which when

5• produC : meet at
a point P outside the circle such that
PA = 12 cm, AB = 4 cm and CD = 10 cm, find PD.
= =
[Hint. PA 12 cm, PB (PA - AB) = 8 cm, PD = x cm,
PC = (PD + CD) = (x + 10) cm.]

6. In the given figure, two circles intersect each other

at the points A and B. If PQ and PR are tangents to
these circles from a point Pon BA produced, show that
PQ = PR.
[Hint. PQ2 = PA x PB and PR2 = PA x PB.]

7. In the given figure, AB is a direct common tangent to two

~ circles. Their co=on chord when produced,
mtersects AB at P. Prove that Pis the mid-point of AB.
[Hint. PA~ ...= PC x. PD and PB 2 = PC x PD
~ PA2•..~. PlJ2, i.e., PA = PB.]
, ............

8• In the given figure, PAT is tangent at A

If LACB = 50°, find (i) LTAB (ii) LADB:
• 00 \oO

9. In the given figure PA IT •

= 700 and , n is tangent at A. If LTAB
LBAC = 450, find LABC. .-Ii:)

10. In given figure .

e circle with cent~pAT IS tangent at A to
(i) LTAC (ii) LP~~-l fLABC :35°,fin d

328

': ,
 . n figure, PAT is tangent at A and BO is 8
II i1J11 ~ the circle. If LABO = 28° and LBDC = 52•,

~t
;.,ti
Lo/
\
(ii) (iii) LPAB (iv) LCBD_/

• ·ven figure, PQ and PR are two equal chords of

,-,.;:.Show that the tangent at Pis parallel to QR.
---t. pQ = PR ~ LPRQ = LPQJI,
f }JtO, tfl'R =LPQR [Ls in alternate segments)
... pRQ = LTPR.] .

C\. . the given figure, AB is a chord of the circle with centre

1"oand BT is a tangent to the circle. If LOAB =35°, find
/the values of x and Y. _.' .

"1nthe given figure, PAB is a secant to th~ circle and Pr

~ a tangent at T. . .
Prove that :
(i) APAT - APTB
(ii) PAX PB = PT2. ;
I
I
I

~hn a right-angled MBC, the perpendicular BD on

hypotenuse AC is drawn. .
Prove that : (i) AC x AD =AB2 (ii) AC x CD =BC2.
lBint. Draw a· circumcircle of tIBCD.
AB is a tangent & ADC is a secant ⇒ AC x AD = AB2.•••(i)
Now, AC x CD = AC x (AC - AD)
= AC2 - AC x AD = AC2 - AB 2 = BC2 [Using (i)]]
11. In the given figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral in which· D T
CB == CD and TC is a tangent to the circle at C. If O is
the centre of the circle, BC is produced to E such that
LDcE = 110°, find (i) LDCT (ii) LBOC.
lllint. Join BD, OB and OC. E
LDCE = 110° ⇒ LBCD = 70°.
CB = CD ⇒ LBDC = LDBC = 55°.
:. LBOC = (2 X LBDC) = (2 X 55°) = 110°
Also, LBCT = LDBC = 550 (Ls in alt. segments))

~~ .
~ given figure, AC is a tangent to the circle with
1aur O. If LADB = 55°, find x and y. Give reasons for G...
,, answers
.__ ..... ___ •
~ ----------
. ------ -------
(2019) • __

. 329
Prop;rtles of Circles