Gender and Society

1st SEMESTER/ A.Y. 2023 - 2024

CHAPTER 5: GENDER AND SOCIALIZATION 3. Men tend to jump from topic to topic, but women
tend to talk at length about one topic.
Life space of an individual consists of 4. When listening, women make more noise such as
Kurt Lewin everything one needs to know to "mm - hmm" and "uh - huh" which men are more likely
understand his or her behavior to listen silently.
Maintain that its not always possible 5. Women are inclined to express agreement and
Behaviorists to draw accurate conclusions by support, while men are more inclined to debate.
simply observing overt behavior.
Attribute behavioral differences EDUCATION
Sociologists
between gender is socialization.  Is the second home of children where they learn
Social Would say that gender is interactional how to deal and and adjust with people of different
Theorists rather than individual. qualities
 Teachers equip them knowledge
LESSON 1: GENDER ROLES AND SOCIALIZATION  School exists to reinforce what parents have failed
FAMILY to do in educating the young men and women
 is the primary social unit of human life  Teachers believe that boys are good at
 Sets a social norm that the father is the head and mathematics
breadwinner and the wife takes care of household  Girls are assumed to be more compassionate and
chores caring, dress making and analytical skills
 Considered an enterprise for socializing the child. SOCIAL LEARNING OF BANDURA
PARSON AND BALES (1955)  He concluded that learning takes place when one
 Mentioned that parents perform among other person observes and then imitates the behavior of
functions not only familial roles but also related to others.
structures of the society.  Learners do not simply do what adults tell them to
ADOLESCENCE do but instead what they see adults do.
 Transitional stage of physical, emotional,
psychological development preparing individuals to GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SCHOOL
play the roles of the adults.  Boys are more likely to speak up and ignore girls in
 CLOSELY RELATED TO TEENAGE YEARS video conferences
 Changes in physical growth and the ability to think  Girls are more motivated well to perform well
and to reason more effectively due to changes in  Girls earn slightly higher average than boys
brain structure and organization.  Boys choose science, technology and math
 Time when they start to explore gender identity  Girls goes for arts and literature
and sexuality comprehensively
LESSON 2: GENDER IN GOVERNMENT AND LAW
IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT
 It is in this stage when they begin to conceptualize THE PRACTICE OF LAW
on what they would want to become as a result of LAW AND JUSTICE
their choices in exploring possibilities or  Play a role in fostering and hindering gender
opportunities in socialization. equality
3 GENERAL APPROACHES TO UNDERSTAND REPUBLIC ACT 7192
IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT  Approved on November 18,1992 that promote role
1. SENSE OF IDENTITY of women in national development.
 Erik- Erikson describes adolescence as the stage  Allocate 5% of budget to GAD to deepen
pondering questions: WHO AM I and WHAT I CAN democracy
BE? CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL
 Confused on the mix ideas and findings how to FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
behave (CEDAW)
 Transition form childhood to adulthood  Signed on July 1980 and ratified on August 5, 1981
2. SELF- ESTEEM imposes obligation on government to adhere
 Social and moral support gender equality.
 Able to reach out to their friends successfully  Inforces of acknowledging gender sensitivity
3. RELATIONSHIP
 A period in which more time is spent with peers SEXISM IN LANGUAGE
and less in adult supervision.  Language is a system of symbols that we used to
 Associate with opposite sex communicate with each other.
 Look for people who are true to them DOROTHY SMITH
 They are coping with changes in physical,  Vehicle of idea that is influenced greatly by
sexual, social and emotional factors that build dominant male groups who have enjoyed the
up pressure and cause confusion leading to societal power
identity crisis. SPENDER D
 Language is sexist because of men due to the
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL INTERACTION position of power
 Females tend to self- disclose intimate particular English noun “guys”
facts  Is addressed to a group of mixed males and
 Men usually talk on subjects of common interest females which give impressions that boys are more
 Women build friendships based on mutual support. distinguished.
JULIA T. WOOD English pronoun “he”
 Explained that communication produces and  Is used when gender is not clearly identified
reproduce definition of masculinity and femininity. whether male or female
DEBORAH TANNEN Researchers in the field of gender and language
 Found gender differences in communication styles have interpreted male-female linguistic in three
which are: ways
1. Men tend to talk more than women in public 1. Women’s powerlessness and subordinate status
situations but women tend to talk more than men at 2. Male dominance and control of the language
home. 3. Men and women’s language differences are equally
2. Women are more inclined to face each other and valid communicative styles.
make eye contact when talking, which men are more Lakoff identified differences between the
likely to look away from each other. language use and speech styles of men and
women such as:
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Gender and Society
1st SEMESTER/ A.Y. 2023 - 2024
1. Women use wide range of color. Such as beige, ecru, intimidating, degrading, hostile for the person.
aquamarine
2. Women tend to avoid speaking in a way that conveys LESSON 2: WOMEN AND EMPOWERMENT
strong emotions and generally use “weaker” and men WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
“Oh dear” and men “shit”  Is the process of increasing the capacity of women
to choose and to transform those choices into
CHAPTER 6: GLOBAL GENDER ISSUES desired actions and outcomes.
Global Gender Issues  Process that makes her an agent of change.
 Link the disparities between and among men and EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH MOVEMENT
women  In 1893, Logia de Adoption was formed. A Masonic
Lodge of Filipino women society
LESSON 1: GENDER AND HUMAN RIGHTS
HUMAN RIGHTS
FILIPINO WOMEN PATRIOTS
 Term that is used and abused nowadays
 Employed to defend human freedom 1. TRINIDAD TECSON
 Seriously violated  “MOTHER OF BIAK NA BATO”
 Fundamental cause it provides fairness and  Revolutionary activities revolution of 1896
equality in human society 2. HILARIA AGUINALDO
AFTER WORLD WAR II IN 1948  Wife of General Emilio Aguinaldo
 UN General Assembly decided to implement a  ASOCIACION DE DAMAS DE CRUZ ROJA (Women’s
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) as Red Cross Association) in 1899, humanitarian work
the foundation of justice, freedom, and peace in of women
this world. 3. CONSTANCIA POBLETE
 LIGA FEMENINA DE LA PAZ (Philippine Women’s
League for Peace) 1902. help Americans in
FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN’S RIGHTS
participation drive against Filipino people.
United Nations Development Fund for Women
4. CONCEPTION FELIX DE CALDERON
 Violence against women is a widespread violation
 ASSOCIACION FEMINISTA FILIPINA (Feminist
of fundamental human rights and an enduring form
Association of the Philippines in 1905, first women
of gender- based prejudice
club to promote social welfare.
 Affects most women
Other Feminist Organizations and Leaders;
DIFFERENT FORM OF VIOLENCE AGAINST
1. ASSOCIACION FEMINISTA ILONGA
WOMEN:
(ASSOCIATION OF ILONGA FEMINIST)
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
 Pura Villanueva Lalaw, who called for women
 One person tries to assert power over their
suffrage in 1906
partner
 going around the country to awaken the
 It can be emotional, physical, financial or sexual
consciousness of women as equal partners of men
abuse.
in nation-building.
1. PHYSICAL ABUSE
2. LA PROTECCION DE LA INFANCIA
 Perceptible type
(PROTECTION OF INFANTS)
 Result in physical injury
 was founded in 1907
 Women are beaten and punched
 provided babies with pasteurized milk
 Examples: arm twisting, burning, genital
 This initiative was the La Gota (drop of milk) project
mutilation
whose officers and members also formed part of
2. EMOTIONAL/ PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE
the Association Feminista Filipina, and later, the
 Common type of violence experienced by
Philippine Islands Antituberculosis Society
women and children
3. GABRIELA SILANG (1763)
 Creating a power imbalance within a relationship
 The first woman General and heroine of Ilocos
 WORST KIND OF ABUSE
 first Filipina woman to lead a revolt during the
 Involves threat of physical abuse, always
Spanish colonialization
criticized, intimidation and forcing unwanted
 liberation against colonizers initiated by her
sexual acts.
husband, Diego Silang.
3. FINANCIAL/ ECONOMIC ABUSE
4. TERESA MAGBANUA (1868)
 Abuser uses money to control his power.
 "Visayan Joan of Arc,"
 Denial of funds for foods, basic
 a Filipino school teacher and military leader from
RAPE AND SEXUAL ASSAULT
Iloilo.
 WORST AND HEINOUS FORM OF ASSAULT
 only woman to lead combat troops in the Visayas
 Woman is forced to participate in sexual act
against Spanish and American forces.
without consent
5. MARCELA MARCELO (1897)
PROSTITUTION
 The Woman General of the revolution died in the
 Act of engaging in promiscuous sexual relations
Battle of Pasong Santol (Dasmariñas), Cavite.
especially for the money
 " Selang Bagsik" (Ferocious Sela) and "Henerala
 ‘Philippines is the 4th most number of
Sela" (General Sela), hailed from Malibay
prostituted children , 300,000 to 500,000 which
6. Agueda Kahabagan (1899)
75k to 100k are children
 woman in the list of generals in the Philippine Army
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
 as "Henerala Agueda."
 Recruitment, transport, and transfer of person
7. DELFINA NATIVIDAD (1900)
with or without consent
 together with Marcela Agoncillo and her daughter
 Undocumented OFW are vulnerable
Lorenza, seamed together the Philippine flag
 Anti- Traficking persons Act (RA 9208 of 2003)
 niece of the National Hero of the Philippines, José
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION
Rizal
 Involves partial ir total removal of the external
8. GREGORIA DE JESUS (1943)
female genitalia
 Aling Oriang who founded
 Irreparable harm to female genitalia
 keeper of the documents of the women's chapter of
FORCED MARRIAGE
the Katipunan of the Philippines.
 Bride does not want to marry the groom but is
 wife of Gat Andrés Bonifacio, the leader of the
forced to others
Katipunan.
 Traumatic to women
SEXUAL HARRASSMENT
 unwanted conduct has the purpose or effect of
violating the person’s dignity and creating an
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Gender and Society
1st SEMESTER/ A.Y. 2023 - 2024
fulfilling, recognizing, promoting protecting, and
promoting their rights, especially those in the
LAWS THAT EMPOWERED THE FILIPINO WOMEN marginalized sectors
1. PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION (ART. XIII-WOMEN;
SECTION 14) LESSON 3: LGBT RIGHTS AND STRUGGLES
 "The State shall protect all working women by LGBT
providing safe and healthful working conditions,  Are still treated as second class and not politically
taking into account their maternal functions, and recognized.
such facilities and opportunities that will enhance  Continues to experience stigma, prejudice, and
their welfare and enable them to realize their full discrimination in the society
potential in the service of the nation".  They mostly experienced various forms of socio-
2. R.A 6725 of 1989 economic, political, and cultural injustice
 An Act to strengthen the prohibition on  Suffering discrimination, harassment etc.
discrimination against women concerning terms  According to International Convention on Civil and
and conditions of employment. Political Rights (ICCPR) , they have full freedom.
3. R.A 6949 of 1990
 An Act to declare March 8 as special working STRUGGLES FACED BY LGBT IN THE SOCIETY
Holiday and to be known as National Women's Day 1. HOMOPHOBIA
4. R.A 6955 of 1990  Fear or aggression towards gay people.
 An Act to declare the unlawful way of pairing  Stigma arising from social ideologies about
Filipino women to foreign nationals for marriage on homosexuality
a mail-order basis and other similar practices,  GAY BASHING
including the advertisement and publication. 2. MARGINALIZATION AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION
5. R.A 6972 of 1990  Core of exclusion from fulfilling and full social lives
 An Act to establish a Barangay-based Day Care at individual, interpersonal, and societal levels.
Center to free women for other activities like taking Results of this:
a job or going back to school. a. Attempt suicide
6. R.A7192 of 1992 b. Being ignored and isolated in the community
 An Act to uphold women's integration as equal c. Dropping out of school
partners of men in development and nation- d. Lack of family and social support
building. e. Leaving home and family
7. R.A 7322 of 1992 f. Transfer to other countries for seeking safer
 An Act to increase the Maternity benefits in favor of livelihood and acceptance
women workers in the Private sectors. g. Unable to find regular jobs
8. R.A 7600 of 1992 h. Unable to access various social services
 An Act to provide both government and private 3. PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS
environment where essential physical, emotional,  LGBT faced stress that affects mental health.
and psychological needs of mothers and infants Experiences that gives negative Impact are:
immediately after birth are fulfilled, through the a. Casual homophobic comments
practice of rooming-in and breastfeeding. b. Childhood sexual abuse
9. R.A 7688 of 1994 c. Harassment by neighbors
 An Act to give representation to women in Social d. No protection against discrimination at work
Security Commission. e. Physical violence and discrimination
10. R.A 7877 of 1995 f. Prejudice/embarrassed response from
• An Act to declare Sexual Harassment unlawful professionals
in the employment, education, or training environment. g. Rejection by loved ones or religious groups
11. R.A 7882 of 1995 h. Verbal harassment
 An Act to provide aid to women, especially those 4. VICTIMS OF HATE CRIMES AND VIOLENCE
who own small businesses in order to fully harness  LGBT are targets of sexual and physical assault,
the talents and skills of the female labor force. harassment and hate crimes (BIAS MOTIVATED
12. R.A 8353 of 1997 CRIMES)
 An Act to reclassify the definition of the crime of
rape into a crime against persons. LGBT MOVEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
13. R.A 8369 of 1997 1. AKOD – support group at Davao Oriental State
 An Act to establish family courts to have exclusive College of ST.
original jurisdiction over child and family cases. 2. ALPHA NU
14. R.A 8505 of 1998 (Rape Victim Assistance  First fraternity identified themselves as men
and Protection Act)  2014, recognized by UP Diliman for non violent-
 An Act to provide protection and assistance for intiations
rape victims. 3. BISDAK ( Bisayang Dako)
15. R.A 8972 of 2000 (Solo Parents' Welfare Act)  Cebu based org
 An Act to provide benefits and privileges to solo  Promoting human rights in HIV/AIDS prevention
parents and their children. 4. EQUALITY PHILIPPINES – non profit org for the
16. R.A 9208 of 2003 (Anti-Trafficking in Persons rights of LGBT
Act) 5. GAHUM- support and advocate group gays of Cebu
 An Act to institute policies to eliminate human City
trafficking, especially to women and children. 6. IWAG- in Davao City
17. R.A 9262 of 2004 (Anti-Violence against 7. LUNDUYAN NG SINING (Sanctuary of Art) – art
Women and their Children Act). studio in Quezon City
 An Act to declare criminalization of violence 8. PINOY FTM
against women and their children (VAWC) and  First org for transexual and transgender men
protection of women and their children in the  July 2011 in Metro Manila
context of a marital, dating, or common-law 9. USeP MAHARLIKA (2013)
relationship, declaration of VAWC as a public crime.  1st LGBT student org at University of Sothereast
18. R.A 10354 of 2012 (Responsible Parenthood Phil
and Reproductive Health Act) 10. PROGAY PHILIPPINES OR PROGRESSIVE
 An Act to provide for a national directive on ORGANIZATION OF GAYS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health.  Org of gay right in Manila that led the 1st Pride
19. R.A 9710 (Magna Carta of Women) March in the Phil, 1994
 An Act to remove discrimination against women by 11. PUP KABARO – Gender equality activist org at PUP

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Gender and Society
1st SEMESTER/ A.Y. 2023 - 2024
12. RAINBOW RIGHTS – non- government org that life here on Earth.
support human rights and equal opportunities
13. TRUE COLORS COALITION – Political LGBT Org GOAL 7: ENSURE ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE,
14. UP BABYLAN – 1st LGBT stydnet org in the Phil, RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE AND MODERN ENERGY
UP Diliman,1992  Economic and Job opportunities is crucial to
15. UPLB BABAYLAN – LGBT org of UP Los Banos, creating more sustainable and inclusive
promotes gender equality among student body. communities as well as resilience to environmental
issues like climate change.
CHAPTER 7: INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL POLICY GOAL 8: PROMOTE INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE
RESPONSES ON GENDER ISSUES ECONOMIC GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT AND DECENT
WORK FOR ALL
LESSON 1: INTERNATIONAL POLICY RESPONSE
UNITED NATION’S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 9: BUILD RESILIENT INFRASTRACTURE,
GOALS PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIALIZATION AND
 Sustainable development is development that FOSTER INNOVATION
meets the present needs without compromising GOAL 10: REDUCE INEQUALITY WITHIN AND
future generations abilities to meet their own AMONG COUNTRIES
unique needs
 3 Core Elements: Economic growth, social inclusion GOAL 11: MAKE CITIES INCLUSIVE, SAFE
and environmental protection RESILIENT AND SUSTAIBALE
 This blueprint have 17 SDG’s to transform the  Cities are hubs for ideas, commerce, culture,
world of 2030 science, productivity, social development and
17 SDG’S much more.
 Are collection of global goals set during the United
GOAL 12: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
Nations General Assembly in 2015, that these
AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS
goals are supposed to be met by the year 2030
 Sustainable consumption and production is about
17 SDG’s
promoting resource and energy efficiency,
sustainable infrastructure, and providing access to
1. No Poverty
basic services, green and decent jobs and a better
2. Zero Hunger
quality life for all.
3. Good Health and Well-Being
4. Quality Education GOAL 13: TAKE URGENT ACTION TO COMBAT
5. Gender Equality CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS
6. Clean Water and Sanitation  Climate Change is a global challenge that does not
7. Affordable and Clean Energy respect national borders,
8. Decent work and Economic Growth  Climate change now affects every country on every
9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure continent
10. Reduced Inequalities  Climate Change, it is disrupting national
11. Sustainable Cities and Communities economies, affecting lives, costing people,
12. Responsible Consumption and Production communities and countries today and tomorrow.
13. Climate Action  Paris Agreement at the COP21 in November 2016,
14. Life Below Water limit global temperature to rise to well below 2
15. Life on Land decrees Centigrade
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions  As of April 2018, 175 parties had ratified that Paris
17. Partnerships Agreement and 10 developing countries had
submitted their iteration of their national adaption
GOAL 1: NO POVERTY plans for responding to climate change.
 End poverty in all its forms everywhere
 Economic growth must be inclusive GOAL 14: CONSERVE AND SUSTAINABLY USE THE
 Food threshold is the minimum income required to OCEANS, SEAS AND MARINE ERESOURCES
meet basic food needs GOAL 15: SUSTAINABLY MANAGE FORESTS,
 Poverty Threshold is the minimum income required COMBAT DESERTIFICATION, HALT AND RVERSE
to meet basic and non- food needs LAND DEGRADATION, HALT BIODIVERSITY LOSS
GOAL 2: ZERO HUNGER  13 Million hectares are being lost every year
 End hunger. Achieve food security and improved  3.6 billion hectares are degradation of dry lands
nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture that led to desertification.
 Food and Agricultural Sector should offer key
solutions of this. GOAL 16: PROMOTE JUST, PEACEFUL AND
INCLUSIVE SOCIETIES
GOAL 3: ENSURE HEALTHY LIVES AND PROMOTE
WELL-BEING FOR ALL AT ALL AGES GOAL 17: REVITALIZE THE GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP
 Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
being for all at all ages is essential to sustainable
development CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL
FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
GOAL 4: QUALITY EDUCATION (CEDAW)
 Obtaining quality education is the foundation to  Known as the international Bill Rights of Women
improving people’s lives and sustainable  Is the only human rights treaty which affirms
development. Access to inclusive education can reproductive rights of women and targets culture
help equip people with tools required to develop and tradition as influential forces shaping gender
innovative solutions to world problems. roles and family relations.
 It affirms women eights to acquire change or retain
GOAL 5: ACHIEVE GENDER EQUALITY AND their nationality and the nationality of their children
EMPOWER ALL WOMEN AND GIRLS  Took effect on September 3, 1981
 They asserted that sexist language and behavior  February 2015, it has 188 State Parties
must be called out  It consists preamble and 30 articles
 They define discrimination against women as any
GOAL 6: ENSURE ACCESS TO WATER AND
distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the
SANITATION FOR ALL
basis of sex which has effect women
 Clean, accessible water for all is crucial to sustain  Draws Three over arching principles

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Gender and Society
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a) Equality in opportunity women in relation to development
b) Equality in access  Development towards men and towards women
c) Equality in results  Saw development not just as economic well- being
 CEDAW advocates SUBSTANTIVE kind of equality but also as a social and mental well being
BOTH IN LAW( DE JURE) and in PRACTICE (DE
FACTO) LESSON 2: LOCAL POLICY RESPONSES
 Tatiana Nikolaeva (co sponsorship, a Russian  The Philippines ranked 8th among 149 countries in
delegate) having achieved gender equality goals.
 Leticia Ramos Shahani prepared the first draft of
CEDAW REPUBLIC ACT 7192
 “Women in Development and Nation Building Act”
BEIJING PLATFROM FOR ACTION (BPFA) The Act provided the following policies:
 Resulting document of the 4th World Conference on 1. The budget
Women in Beijing in 1955 2. Development programs and projects
 Represents the international community’s 3. Review and revision
commitment towards the promotion of women’s NATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
welfare and aims at accelerating the (NEDA)
implementation of the Nairobi Forward- Looking  Tasked to ensure that women are the primary
Strategies for the Advancement of Women. recipients of the funds allocated for projects and
 Is a landmark document for advancing the rights of programs
women and gender equality worldwide agreed Other sections of Republic Act
during the 4th World Conference on Women in a. Equality in Capacity to Act
1995. b. Equal Membership in clubs
c. Admission to military school
NAIROBI FORWARD- LOOKING STRATEGIES FOR d. Voluntary coverage to Pag-Ibig, GSIS, and GSIS
THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN
 1985, Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi, EXECUTIVE ORDER 348
Kenya that evaluated the progress and failure of  Was the approval and adoption of the Philippine
the implementation Development Plan for Women (PDPW) for 1989 to
 This conference marked the first introduction of 1992by Corazon C. Aquino
lesbian rights “Structural and Historical Determinants of the Status of
 Turning point on the issue of violence against Filipino Women”, some of the determinants were:
women 1. Maculine- feminine dichotomy
Critical Areas Of Concern As Identified By Un Women 2. Public/domestic dichotomy
3. Double burden concept
1. Women and the environment 4. Subordinate or marginal role of women syndrome
2. Women in power and decision- making
3. The girl Child
THE PHILIPINNE PLAN FOR GENDER RESPONSIVE
4. Women and the economy
DEVELOPMENT FOR 1995-2025
5. Women and poverty
 September 8, 1995
6. Violence against women
 Fidel V. Ramos approved it
7. Human rights of women
 Series of initiatives meant to provide Filipino
8. Education and training of women
women a more active and participatory role in the
9. Institutional mechanisms for the advancement of
development process
women
 It was a successor to previous plans that sought to
10. Women and health
address and provide avenue for mainstreaming
11. Women and the media
gender concerns in development.
12. Women and armed conflict
THE MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN
WID, WAD AND GAD
 August 14, 2009
ROLES OF WOMEN
 Law providing better protection for women
1. Farmers and food producers
 Is a comprehensive human rights law that seeks to
2. Business people and traders
eliminate discrimination against women
3. In the engineering and technology industry
 Philippine Commission on Women is the primarily
4. In civil, military, or judicial service
responsible for overall monitoring and
5. Health care service providers
implementation of the law.
6. Educators and trainers
7. Heads of household
8. Mothers, home-careers and support workers LESSON 3: GENDER ANALYSIS IN COOPERATIVES
9. Community leaders, advocate, and role models
GENDER ANALYSIS
THEORETICAL APPROACHES AIMED AT  Is the foundation for gender mainstreaming
UNDERSTANDING AND ADDRESSING WOMEN’S  Focuses the differences between ad among men,
ISSUES women, girls and boys in terms of their
1. WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WID) contribution to the society
 Started in 1960  Allows to develop policies and projects that suits
 Called for women’s inclusion and integration in and adapt to the needs of the target population
development projects
GENDER EQUALITY
2. WOMEN AND DEVELOPENT (WAD)
 Is attained when men and women, girls and boys,
 Emerged and focused on the interaction between
have equal rights, opportunities and the power to
women and development rather on strategies
shape their own lives and contribute to society.
meant to integrate women into development
 WOMEN ARE INTEGRAL PART OF DEVELOPMENT
GENDER RELATIONS
 ASSERTED WOMEN CAN INDEPENDENTLY ACHIVE
DEVELOPMENT THROUGH WOMEN ONLY PROJECTS  Are part of underlying behaviors both at the
AND PARTICIPATION households and community levels within a specific
group or cooperative
3. GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)
 1980 IMPLICATIONS OF GENDER TO DEVELOPMENT
 Lessons learned from WID and WAD together ACTIVITIES
 Focused on social relations between men and DEVELOPMENT
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Gender and Society
1st SEMESTER/ A.Y. 2023 - 2024
 As a process that generates growth, progress,
positive change or the addition of physical,
economic environmental
 It aims to raise the level and quality of life of the
society, and create or increase local regional
income and employment opportunities, without
damaging the resources of the environment

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