PROBLEMS BASED ON KARNAUGH MAP-(SOP)

Problem-01:
Minimize the following boolean function-

F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15)

Solution-
 Since the given boolean expression has 4 variables, so we draw a 4 x 4 K Map.
 We fill the cells of K Map in accordance with the given boolean function.
 Then, we form the groups in accordance with the above rules.

Then, we have-

Now,

F(A, B, C, D)

= (A’B + AB)(C’D + CD) + (A’B’ + A’B + AB + AB’)C’D + (A’B’ + AB’)(C’D’ + CD’)

= BD + C’D + B’D’

Thus, minimized boolean expression is-

F(A, B, C, D) = BD + C’D + B’D’

Problem-02:

Minimize the following boolean function

F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15)-

Solution-
 Since the given boolean expression has 4 variables, so we draw a 4 x 4 K Map.
 We fill the cells of K Map in accordance with the given boolean function.
 Then, we form the groups in accordance with the above rules.

Then, we have-

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 Now,
F(A, B, C, D)
= (A’B’ + A’B + AB + AB’)(C’D + CD) + (A’B’ + AB’)(C’D’ + C’D)
= D + B’C’
 Thus, minimized boolean expression is-Since the given boolean expression has 3 variables, so we draw a 2 x
4 K Map.
 We fill the cells of K Map in accordance with the given boolean function.
 Then, we form the groups in accordance with the above rules.

F(A, B, C, D) = B’C’ + D

Problem-03:

Minimize the following boolean function-

F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15) + Σd(0, 2, 14)

Solution-

 Since the given boolean expression has 4 variables, so we draw a 4 x 4 K Map.

 We fill the cells of K Map in accordance with the given boolean function.
 Then, we form the groups in accordance with the above rules.

Then, we have-

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 Now,
F(A, B, C, D)
= (AB + AB’)(C’D + CD) + (A’B’ + AB’)(C’D + CD) + (A’B’ + AB’)(C’D’ + C’D) + (A’B’ + A’B)(C’D’ + CD’)
= AD + B’D + B’C’ + A’D’
Thus, minimized boolean expression is-
F(A, B, C, D) = AD + B’D + B’C’ + A’D’

Problem-04:

Minimize the following boolean function-

F(A, B, C) = Σm(0, 1, 6, 7) + Σd(3, 5)

Solution-
 Since the given boolean expression has 3 variables, so we draw a 2 x 4 K Map.
 We fill the cells of K Map in accordance with the given boolean function.
 Then, we form the groups in accordance with the above rules.
Then, we have-

Now,
F(A, B, C)
= A'(B’C’ + B’C) + A(BC + BC’)
= A’B’ + AB

Thus, minimized boolean expression is-

F(A, B, C) = AB + A’B’

NOTE-
 It may be noted that there is no need of considering the quad group.
 This is because even if we consider that group, we will have to consider the other two duets.
 So, there is no use of considering that quad group.

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 Problem-05:
Minimize the following boolean function-

F(A, B, C) = Σm(1, 2, 5, 7) + Σd(0, 4, 6)

Solution-
 Since the given boolean expression has 3 variables, so we draw a 2 x 4 K Map.
 We fill the cells of K Map in accordance with the given boolean function.
 Then, we form the groups in accordance with the above rules.
Then, we have-

Now,
F(A, B, C)
= (A + A’)(B’C’ + B’C) + A(B’C’ + B’C + BC + BC’) + (A + A’)(B’C’ + BC’)
= B’ + A + C’

Thus, minimized boolean expression is-

F(A, B, C) = A + B’ + C’

Problem-06:
Minimize the following boolean function-
F(A, B, C) = Σm(0, 1, 6, 7) + Σd(3, 4, 5)

Solution-
 Since the given boolean expression has 3 variables, so we draw a 2 x 4 K Map.
 We fill the cells of K Map in accordance with the given boolean function.
 Then, we form the groups in accordance with the above rules.

Then, we have-

Now,

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 F(A, B, C)
= (A + A’)(B’C’ + B’C) + A(B’C’ + B’C + BC + BC’)
= B’ + A

Thus, minimized boolean expression is-

F(A, B, C) = A + B’

Problem-07:
Minimize the following boolean function-
F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(0, 2, 8, 10, 14) + Σd(5, 15)

Solution-

 Since the given boolean expression has 4 variables, so we draw a 4 x 4 K Map.

 We fill the cells of K Map in accordance with the given boolean function.
 Then, we form the groups in accordance with the above rules.

Then, we have-

Now,
F(A, B, C, D)
= (AB + AB’)CD’ + (A’B’ + AB’)(C’D’ + CD’)
= ACD’ + B’D’
Thus, minimized boolean expression is-
F(A, B, C, D) = ACD’ + B’D’

Problem-08:
Minimize the following boolean function-
F(A, B, C, D) = Σm(3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15)

Solution-
 Since the given boolean expression has 4 variables, so we draw a 4 x 4 K Map.
 We fill the cells of K Map in accordance with the given boolean function.
 Then, we form the groups in accordance with the above rules.
Then, we have-

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 Now,
F(A, B, C, D)
= A’B(C’D’ + C’D) + (A’B’ + A’B)(CD) + (AB + AB’)(C’D) + AB(CD + CD’)
= A’BC’ + A’CD + AC’D + ABC
Thus, minimized boolean expression is-

F(A, B, C, D) = A’BC’ + A’CD + AC’D + ABC

It is important to note that we are not considering the quad group because we have to consider the duets
anyhow.

Problem-09:
Consider the following boolean function-

F(W, X, Y, Z) = Σm(1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14)

This function is independent ________ number of variables. Fill in the blank.

Solution-
 Since the given boolean expression has 4 variables, so we draw a 4 x 4 K Map.
 We fill the cells of K Map in accordance with the given boolean function.
 Then, we form the groups in accordance with the above rules.
Then, we have-

Now,
F(W, X, Y, Z)

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= (W’X + WX)(Y’Z’ + YZ’) + (W’X’ + WX’)(Y’Z + YZ)
= XZ’ + X’Z

=X⊕Z
Thus, minimized boolean expression is-

F(W, X, Y, Z) = X ⊕ Z
Clearly, the given boolean function depends on only two variables X and Z.
Hence, it is independent of other two variables W and Y.