What is Expository Writing?

“Expository” means “intended to explain or describe something.” An expository essay

provides a clear, focused explanation of a particular topic, process, or set of ideas. It doesn’t
set out to prove a point, just to give a balanced view of its subject matter.
Types of Expository Writing
Expository writing has different genres, and it depends on the goal of the writer. Each type
has its purpose for writing. There are many different types of expository essays that you can
choose to write on.
The following are the most popular types of expository writing:

How to approach an expository essay

An expository essay should take an objective approach: It isn’t about your personal opinions
or experiences. Instead, your goal is to provide an informative and balanced explanation of
your topic. Avoid using the first or second person (“I” or “you”).
The structure of your expository essay will vary according to the scope of your assignment
and the demands of your topic. It’s worthwhile to plan out your structure before you start,
using an essay outline.
A common structure for a short expository essay consists of five paragraphs: An introduction,
three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
What is a Cause and Effect Essay: Unique Characteristics from Other Essays

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A cause and effect essay is a unique type of essay that focuses on examining the reasons
(causes) behind an event or phenomenon and the resulting consequences (effects) that occur
as a result. What sets it apart from other essays is its emphasis on establishing a clear cause-
and-effect relationship between two or more variables.

In a cause and effect essay, the writer analyzes and explains the connections between the
causes and effects, providing evidence and supporting details to illustrate the relationship.
This type of essay requires critical thinking, logical reasoning, and a structured approach to
present the causal chain effectively.
Unlike descriptive or narrative essays that focus on storytelling or presenting facts, cause and
effect essays delve into the underlying causes and explore the outcomes, aiming to inform
and educate the reader about the relationships between different factors.
How to Structure a Cause and Effect Essay
There are two main structural types commonly used to write a cause and effect essay: the
block structure and the chain structure.
Block Structure
In the block structure, the writer first discusses all the causes of the event in one section,
followed by a separate section dedicated to discussing all the effects.

This cause and effect essay format allows for a clear separation between the causes and
effects, making it easier for the reader to understand the relationships between them.
Block Structure Sample Format
Introduction
Causes
 Cause 1
 Cause 2
 Cause 3
Effects
 Effect 1
 Effect 2
 Effect 3
Conclusion
Use the block structure when:
 There are multiple causes and effects to discuss, and you want to provide a
comprehensive overview of each.
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  You prefer a clear separation between causes and effects for easier understanding.
Chain Structure
In the chain structure, each cause is followed immediately by its corresponding effect(s),
creating a chain-like sequence of events.
This structure emphasizes the direct relationship between each cause and its effect, providing
a more immediate and interconnected narrative.
Chain Structure Sample Format
Introduction
 Cause 1 -> Effect 1
 Cause 2 -> Effect 2
 Cause 3 -> Effect 3
Conclusion
Use the chain structure when:
 You want to emphasize the direct relationship between each cause and its effect.
 You're discussing a series of events that occur in a linear or chronological order.
Cause and Effect Essay Outline
Creating an outline is essential for organizing your thoughts and structuring your cause and
effect essay effectively.
Here's a basic outline to guide you through the writing process:
Cause And Effect Essay Structure
Introduction:
 Hook: Start with an attention-grabbing statement or question to engage the reader.
 Background Information: Provide context and background information on the topic.
 Thesis Statement: Clearly state the main causes and affects you will discuss in your
essay.
Body Paragraphs:
Paragraph 1: Introduction to Causes
 Topic Sentence: Introduce the first cause you will discuss.
 Explanation: Provide an explanation of the cause and its significance.
 Example(s): Support your explanation with relevant examples or evidence.
Paragraph 2: Effects of the First Cause
 Topic Sentence: Introduce the effects resulting from the first cause.

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  Explanation: Discuss the consequences or outcomes of the cause.
 Example(s): Provide examples or evidence to illustrate the effects.
Repeat the above structure for each additional cause and its corresponding effects.
Conclusion:
 Restate Thesis: Summarize the main causes and effects discussed in the essay.
 Emphasize Relationships: Highlight the connections between the causes and effects.
 Concluding Statement: End with a thought-provoking statement or suggestion for
further exploration of the topic.
Sample Cause and Effect Essay Introduction:
The Rise of Social Media and Its Impact on Mental Health
In recent years, the proliferation of social media platforms has revolutionized the way people
communicate, connect, and consume information. While these platforms offer numerous
benefits such as instant communication and global networking, they have also been
associated with various negative effects on mental health. This essay explores the causes
behind the rise of social media and its detrimental effects on individuals' mental well-being.
Sample Body Paragraphs for a Cause and Effect Essay:

Paragraph 1: Causes of Increased Social Media Usage

One of the primary causes behind the surge in social media usage is the widespread
availability of smartphones and internet access. With the advent of affordable smartphones
and widespread internet connectivity, people have constant access to social media platforms,
leading to increased usage. Additionally, the addictive nature of social media interfaces,
characterized by endless scrolling and notifications, further fuels this phenomenon. As
individuals spend more time on social media, they become increasingly dependent on these
platforms for social validation, entertainment, and information.

Paragraph 2: Effects of Social Media on Mental Health

The excessive use of social media has been linked to various detrimental effects on mental
health, including increased feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Constant exposure
to carefully curated images and lifestyles on social media can create unrealistic expectations
and foster feelings of inadequacy among users. Moreover, the prevalence of cyberbullying
and online harassment on these platforms can exacerbate existing mental health issues and
lead to social withdrawal. Studies have shown a correlation between heavy social media
usage and poor sleep quality, as individuals often sacrifice sleep to engage with online
content, further compromising their mental well-being.
Sample Cause and Effect Essay Conclusion:

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In conclusion, the rise of social media has had profound implications for individuals' mental
health, driven by factors such as increased smartphone usage and the addictive nature of
social media platforms. While social media offers unparalleled opportunities for
communication and connection, its negative effects on mental well-being cannot be ignored.
It is essential for individuals to strike a balance between online and offline interactions and
practice mindfulness while using social media to mitigate its adverse effects on mental health.
Additionally, further research and awareness efforts are needed to address the underlying
causes and consequences of excessive social media usage in society.

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Compare and Contrast Essay

This type of essay can be challenging, as it requires them to evaluate, analyze, and
differentiate between various subjects. However, don't let this task intimidate you!
A step-by-step process for writing a compare and contrast essay will help you gain the
confidence and skills needed to craft a compelling and well-organized essay.

Purpose of a Compare and Contrast Essay

The purpose of the compare and contrast essay is:
 To analyze similarities and differences between two or more subjects
 To showcase your ability to critically examine and evaluate different aspects of the
subjects
 To enhance your analytical and critical thinking skills
 To demonstrate your understanding of the subjects and their characteristics
 To provide insights and draw meaningful conclusions from the comparisons
 To engage readers by presenting thought-provoking comparisons and contrasts
 To fulfill academic requirements and demonstrate your knowledge on the given topic.

Structure of Compare and Contrast Essay

When it comes to writing a compare and contrast essay, there are several types of structures
you can choose from. Each type has its unique approach and construction that will help you
present your ideas effectively.

Point-by-Point Comparison/ Chain Structure

The point-by-point comparison, also known as chain structure, is where you compare and
contrast the two subjects point by point. This method is effective when the subjects being
compared have several similarities and differences.

With this method, you can easily show how the two subjects are similar or different on a
specific aspect. For instance, if you were comparing two cities, you can compare their
climate, transportation, and lifestyle using this method.

Example Essay

Introduction:
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When it comes to choosing a pet, many people find themselves torn between two popular
options: dogs and cats. While both can bring joy and companionship, the choice ultimately
depends on factors such as lifestyle, finances, and individual preferences.

Thesis:

Dogs and cats are wonderful pets, but the ideal choice varies based on a person's lifestyle,
financial situation, and the environment they live in.

Body Paragraph 1 - Lifestyle:

Topic Sentence: Owning a dog or a cat can impact one's lifestyle differently.

Topic 1 - Dogs:

Argument: Dogs require more attention and exercise, making them suitable for active
individuals or families.

Argument: Dogs provide companionship and can be trained for various tasks and activities.

Topic 2 - Cats:

Argument: Cats are more independent and low-maintenance, making them a good fit for busy
individuals or those with a calmer lifestyle.

Argument: Cats are generally easier to care for, requiring less outdoor activity and attention.

Body Paragraph 2 - Finances:

Topic Sentence: The financial aspects of owning a dog versus a cat can differ significantly.

Topic 1 - Dogs:

Argument: Dogs often require higher upfront costs, including vaccinations, grooming, and
training expenses.

Argument: Dogs may also have higher ongoing expenses, such as food and regular veterinary
care.

Topic 2 - Cats:

Argument: Cats tend to have lower initial costs, with minimal grooming needs and lower
vaccination expenses.

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Argument: Cats generally require less food and veterinary care, resulting in lower ongoing
expenses.

Body Paragraph 3 - Environment:

Topic Sentence: The living environment can influence the suitability of dogs and cats.

Topic 1 - Dogs:

Argument: Dogs thrive in homes with yards or access to outdoor spaces for exercise and play.

Argument: Dogs may be better suited for suburban or rural areas with ample space.

Topic 2 - Cats:

Argument: Cats are more adaptable to different living environments, including apartments or
small living spaces.

Argument: Cats can be indoor pets, making them suitable for urban areas or places with
limited outdoor access.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the choice between owning a dog or a cat depends on various factors. Consider
your lifestyle, financial capabilities, and living environment to determine which pet aligns
best with your needs and preferences. Whether you choose a loyal and active dog or an
independent and low-maintenance cat, the companionship and joy they bring into your life
are immeasurable.

Block Comparison
The block comparison, also known as the subject-by-subject method, is where you present all
the information about one subject and then move to the next subject. This method is effective
when the subjects being compared have several significant differences.
This method is often used for longer essays, and it can help you present your ideas in a clear
and organized manner.
Example Essay
Introduction:
When it comes to selecting a pet, many people are faced with the perennial question: dogs or
cats? Both furry companions offer unique qualities and can bring joy to our lives. However,
there are distinct differences between these two popular choices that can influence the
decision-making process. By examining their characteristics in terms of temperament, care

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requirements, and interaction styles, one can make an informed choice that aligns with their
preferences and lifestyle.
Block 1: Temperament
Dogs:
Known for their loyalty and sociability
Often more energetic and require regular exercise and outdoor activities
Can be easily trained and enjoy being part of a family unit
Cats:
Display independent and self-sufficient traits
Generally lower energy levels and require less exercise
Appreciate a balance of alone time and companionship
Block 2: Care Requirements
Dogs:
Need daily walks and playtime for physical and mental stimulation
Require consistent training and socialization
Regular grooming, including bathing and brushing
Cats:
Self-grooming creatures, needing less maintenance in terms of bathing
Require a clean litter box and periodic nail trimming
Enjoy playtime but can also entertain themselves
Block 3: Interaction Styles
Dogs:
Highly interactive and enjoy constant human companionship
Often seek attention, physical touch, and playtime
Can provide a sense of security and protection
Cats:
Display affection on their own terms, enjoying selective attention
Appreciate peaceful moments of solitude and independent exploration
Offer a calming presence and can provide emotional support
Conclusion:

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Choosing between a dog and a cat boils down to personal preference and lifestyle
considerations. If you value companionship, energy, and an active lifestyle, a dog may be the
perfect fit. On the other hand, if independence, lower energy levels, and a self-sufficient
nature resonate with you, a cat might be the ideal choice. Remember to consider factors such
as available time for exercise, grooming needs, and the level of interaction you desire.
Ultimately, both dogs and cats can bring immense joy and become cherished members of our
families.
Compare and Contrast Essay Outline
The outline shapes and provides meaning to the entire essay. It keeps the writer focused and
on the right track throughout the writing process.
Here is the traditional compare and contrast essay outline:
I. Introduction
A. Hook
B. Background Information
C. Thesis Statement

II. Body Paragraph 1

A. Topic Sentence - Aspect 1
B. Comparison Point 1
C. Comparison Point 2
D. Contrast Point 1
E. Contrast Point 2
F. Concluding Sentence

III. Body Paragraph 2

A. Topic Sentence - Aspect 2
B. Comparison Point 1
C. Comparison Point 2
D. Contrast Point 1
E. Contrast Point 2
F. Concluding Sentence

IV. Body Paragraph 3

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A. Topic Sentence - Aspect 3
B. Comparison Point 1
C. Comparison Point 2
D. Contrast Point 1
E. Contrast Point 2
F. Concluding Sentence

V. Conclusion
A. Restate Thesis Statement
B. Summarize Main Points
C. Concluding Thoughts

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Problem-Solution Essays
It's a critical skill to master, as these essays provide opportunities to address real-world issues
and propose practical solutions.
What is a Problem-Solution Essay?
A problem-solution essay is a type of academic writing that requires the writer to analyze a
problem, propose a viable solution, and support their ideas with relevant evidence.
The primary objective of this essay is to address real-world issues and provide practical
solutions to those problems.
In a problem-solution essay, the writer typically begins by describing the problem,
highlighting its severity and impact. The writer then proposes a solution to the problem,
providing a detailed explanation of how the solution will work.
The essay may also include a discussion of the potential challenges or limitations associated
with the proposed solution.

Importance of Problem-Solution Essays

Problem-solution essays play a crucial role in academia and beyond. Here are some reasons
why these essays hold significant importance:
Critical Thinking and Analytical Skills
Writing a problem-solution essay enhances critical thinking abilities by requiring the writer to
deeply analyze and understand complex problems. It encourages the development of
analytical skills to assess the root causes, consequences, and potential solutions to a given
problem.
Practical Application of Knowledge
Problem-solution essays provide an opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world
issues. By researching and proposing solutions, students bridge the gap between theory and
practice, making their education relevant and meaningful.
Problem-Solving Mindset
Engaging in problem-solution essays cultivates a problem-solving mindset. It encourages
individuals to identify problems, think creatively, and propose effective solutions. This
mindset is highly valuable in various academic disciplines, professional settings, and
everyday life.
Awareness and Social Impact
Problem-solution essays promote awareness of social, environmental, or political issues. By
addressing pressing problems and proposing solutions, these essays contribute to raising
consciousness and fostering positive change within society.
Persuasive Communication

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Crafting a compelling problem-solution essay hones persuasive communication skills.
Writers must effectively communicate their ideas, present logical arguments, and convince
readers of the feasibility and effectiveness of their proposed solutions.
Empowerment and Personal Growth
Successfully tackling problem-solution essays instills a sense of empowerment and personal
growth. As students overcome challenges and present innovative solutions, they gain
confidence, expand their knowledge base, and develop essential skills for future endeavors.

Features of Problem Solution Essay

A problem-solution essay possesses distinct features that set it apart from other essay types.
Some of the key features of a problem-solution essay are:
Problem Identification
The essay begins by clearly identifying and defining the problem. It is essential to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the problem, its scope, and its impact on individuals or
society. The writer should establish the urgency and significance of the problem to capture
the reader's attention.
Solution Proposal
The heart of a problem-solution essay lies in proposing a feasible solution. The writer must
present a well-reasoned and practical solution that directly addresses the identified problem.
The proposed solution should be logical, realistic, and supported by evidence or expert
opinions.
Evidence-Based Approach
A strong problem-solution essay relies on evidence to support the proposed solution. This
may include statistical data, research findings, case studies, or expert testimonies.
The writer should provide convincing evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness and
viability of the proposed solution.
Consideration of Limitations
Acknowledging and addressing any potential limitations or challenges associated with the
proposed solution is crucial. This demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the
problem and a realistic approach to solving it. By acknowledging limitations, the writer
shows a balanced perspective and invites further discussion or alternative solutions.
Call to Action
A problem-solution essay often concludes with a call to action, urging readers to take steps
toward implementing the proposed solution or supporting related initiatives. This call to
action encourages readers to reflect on the problem and motivates them to contribute to
positive change.

Problem Solution Essay Format

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Like other essays, problem-solution essays also follow a format. Creating a problem-solution
essay outline will make the essay writing process smoother.

Have a look at the problem-solution essay structure:

Introduction

An introduction is important because you will not be able to write a good essay without one.
You need to describe the problem and then show why it is important. If it is a new or
uncommon problem, you will need to explain how it works and its consequences.

If it is a common problem, you will need to tell us about what happens when the problem isn't
solved and how people feel about that. Whatever the case may be, you want to convince
readers of its importance.
Brief Thesis Statement
The thesis statement serves as a concise and informative sentence that outlines the main focus
of your essay. It provides the readers with an understanding of the knowledge they will gain
by reading it.

For example, if you're writing an essay about how to solve a problem, your thesis statement
should be:

"This essay explores the impact of social media on mental health and proposes strategies to
promote a healthier digital environment, enabling readers to understand the potential risks

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and empowering them with effective solutions for maintaining their well-being in the digital
age."

You can also add other solutions that did not work before explaining your solution in detail.

Body
An essay usually has three paragraphs, one for each problem and solution. When working on
each solution, it is important to review these things:

Explain the problem in detail

Propose your solution and explain it properly
Explain how this will help solve that problem
If you want to show why your solution is best, use an expert or personal experience, statistics,
other people's work, or examples.
Conclusion
The last part of an essay is as important as the first. It is often the strongest part, and many
people think it doesn't matter because it comes at the end. But that's wrong!

If you don't do a good job on your conclusion, you might fail to earn a good grade. Here are
some tips for writing a strong conclusion for your essay:

Make sure that you summarize what was said in your introduction
List the main points of your argument
Give advice to someone who has similar problems
Outline of Problem-Solution Essay
A generic outline for a problem solution essay is given below.

I. Introduction
A. Hook or attention-grabbing statement
B. Background information on the problem
C. Clear statement of the problem's significance
D. Thesis statement introducing the proposed solutions

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II. Problem Analysis
A. Causes and factors contributing to the problem

B. Consequences and implications of the problem

C. Supporting evidence and data to strengthen the analysis

III. Solution Overview

A. Brief overview of the proposed solutions
B. Explanation of how the solutions directly address the problem
C. Potential benefits of implementing the solutions

IV. Solution Description

A. Detailed description of Solution 1
1. Step-by-step instructions or strategies
2. Supporting evidence or examples

B. Detailed description of Solution 2

1. Step-by-step instructions or strategies
2. Supporting evidence or examples

C. Detailed description of Solution 3 (if applicable)

1. Step-by-step instructions or strategies
2. Supporting evidence or examples

V. Evaluation
A. Assessment of the effectiveness and feasibility of each solution
B. Discussion of potential challenges or limitations
C. Proposed strategies to overcome the challenges

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VI. Conclusion
A. Summary of the main points discussed in the essay
B. Restatement of the problem's significance and the urgency of implementing solutions
C. Call to action, encouraging readers to support or implement the proposed solutions
Problem-Solution Essay Example
Due to poorer countries experiencing a brain drain' they are seeing many professionals, such
as doctors and teachers, leaving to work in more developed countries.
What problems does this cause?
What solutions can be suggested to deal with this situation?
In many developing countries, there are a number of skilled academics leaving in search of
better pay, increased socioeconomic benefits, and the chance to earn citizenship in a
developed country. In this essay, I will examine the impact this has had on the more poverty
stricken countries and suggest how this situation could be improved.
The foremost problem with skilled professionals, such as doctors and teachers leaving is that
it deprives the country of people who are necessary to its survival. A shortage of doctors in
hospitals could lead to them being severely understaffed, even though they have the trained
doctors and nurses who are local and willing to work. In addition, some academic institutions
will also suffer, with a lack of skilled teachers in highly desirable subjects, like maths,
science and languages. Many professionals desire better pay and working conditions, leaving
in search of a better lifestyle, so that they can earn a higher salary. For example, a study from
Bucharest University showed that in Romania in 2014, 75% of graduates had applied to work
in the UK and the USA,
A possible solution to this problem is for skilled professionals to enter into mandatory
service in their origin country, before being able to migrate. Those who earn their
qualifications from state universities should have to work in service to their country for a set
amount of time, even though they are ready for the wider workplace. This would address the
shortage of workers in hospitals and schools, meanwhile gaining experience, in order to give
something back to their community and country. For instance, in Romania, it is common
practice for graduates from state-funded university courses to work in areas where their
services are needed for a minimum of two years before they are able to apply to work abroad
In conclusion, with the rising demand for nurses, doctors and teachers in economically rich
countries like the UK, more and more people are leaving their poor origin countries in search
of better pay, working conditions and benefits. It is, therefore, necessary for governments to
put appropriate schemes into place, with mandatory service for state- funded degree holders.

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