11

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
Misamis Street, Bago-Bantay, Quezon City

UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS

(USLeM)

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Quarter 4 Week 5-6
DEVELOPMENT & EDITORIAL TEAM:
Writer: Maria Dinarr L. Dimaapi
SDS: Margarito B. Materum SDO EPS (Math): Mirasol I. Rongavilla
CID Chief: Ellery G. Quintia SDO LR: Daisy L. Mataac

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 Statistics and Probability
LESSON 5: Hypothesis Testing (Population Proportion I)
EXPECTATIONS
After exploring this supplementary learning material, you should be able to:
1. formulate the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses on a population
proportion.
2. identify the appropriate form of the statistical test when the Central Limit
Theorem is to be used.
3. identify the appropriate rejection region for a given level of significance when
the Central Limit Theorem is to be used

Pretest
Directions: Identify the correct answer for each item. Write only the letter of your
choice.
1. Out of 250 students, 98 owned a laptop. What is the population proportion of the
students who owned laptop?
A. 0.39 C. 0.98
B. 0.61 D. 2.50
2. If the value of population proportion is 3/5, what is the value of 𝑞?
A. 0.30 C. 0.50
B. 0.40 D. 0.60
3. Is z-test applicable for the following given? Hypothesis test on population
proportion; 𝑛 = 121, 𝑝 = 0.11
A. Yes B. No C. Maybe D. Cannot be determined
4. Is z-test applicable in the following given? Hypothesis test on population proportion;
𝑛 = 17, 𝑞 = 0.85
A. Yes B. No C. Maybe D. Cannot be determined
For no. 5-10
Ships arriving in Port of Manila are inspected by Customs officials for
contaminated cargo. Eighteen percent of the ships arriving last year contained cargo
that was contaminated. A random selection of 40 ships in the current year included 4
that had contaminated cargo. Does the data suggest that the proportion of ships
arriving in the port with contaminated cargoes has decreased this year? Use α=0.01.
5. Which of the following is a correct null hypothesis?
A. H0: 𝑝 = 0.18 C. H0: 𝑝 > 0.18
B. H0: 𝑝 ≠ 0.18 D. H0: 𝑝 < 0.18
6. Which of the following is a correct alternative hypothesis?
A. H1: 𝑝 = 0.18 C. H1: 𝑝 > 0.18
B. H1: 𝑝 ≠ 0.18 D. H1: 𝑝 < 0.18
7. What is the population proportion?
A. 0.01 C. 0.20
B. 0.18 D. 0.40

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 Statistics and Probability
8. What is the value of 𝑞?
A. 0.60 C. 0.80
B. 0.82 D. 0.99
9. Is z-test applicable in this problem?
A. yes, because 𝑛𝑝 is greater than 5
B. yes, because 𝑛𝑞 is greater than 5
C. yes, because 𝑛𝑝 and 𝑛𝑞 are both greater than 5
D. yes, because 𝑛𝑝 and 𝑛𝑞 are both less than 5
10. Which of the following rejection region is applicable to the problem?
A. 𝑧 > 2.33 C. 𝑧 > −2.33
B.𝑧 < 2.33 D. 𝑧 < −2.33

LOOKING BACK

Write the five essential steps in testing hypothesis.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

A population proportion, denoted by p, is a fraction of the population that has

a certain characteristic. The population proportion can be expressed in fraction, decimal
or percent form.
For example, if there are 2,000 people in the population and 235 of those people
have curly hair. The fraction of people who have blonde hair is 235 out of 2,000 and
may be written as:
235 47
p=2000 or 400
or 0.1175 or 11.75%

In the previous modules, we discussed how to perform hypothesis testing for

population mean. In this module, we will perform hypothesis testing for population
proportion using the same steps as we used in hypothesis testing for population mean.
1. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses.
2. Select an appropriate statistical test and procedure.
3. Choose the level of significance (𝛼) and establish the rejection region.
4. Compute the value of the test statistic from the sample data.
5. Make a decision and draw the appropriate conclusion.

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 Statistics and Probability
In this module, we will focus on the first three steps.

Examples:
1. In Metro Manila, 300 housewives were randomly selected and asked whether they
prefer purchasing clothes from department stores or boutiques. If 150 of the
housewives preferred department stores, is there sufficient evidence at the 5% level
of significance to suggest that the proportion of housewives throughout Metro Manila
who prefer department stores exceeds 40%?

a. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses.

H0: The proportion of housewives throughout metro manila who prefer
Department Stores is equal to 40%. In symbol, 𝑝 = 0.40
H1: The proportion of housewives throughout metro manila who prefer
Department Stores is greater than 40%. In symbol, 𝑝 > 0.40

b. Select an appropriate statistical test and procedure.

In the case of population proportion, z-test will be applicable only if
𝑛𝑝 > 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑞 > 5, where 𝑛 is the number of samples, 𝑝 is the population proportion,
and 𝑞 is 1- 𝑝. These conditions are important so that the binomial distribution of
sample proportion can be approximated by a normal distribution 𝜇 = 𝑛𝑝 and 𝜎 =
√𝑛𝑝𝑞.
Let us see if 𝑧-test is applicable for the sample problem.
We need to test the conditions: 𝑛𝑝 > 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑞 > 5.
𝑛 = 300
𝑝 = 0.4
𝑞 = 1 − 0.4 → 0.6
𝑛𝑝 = (300)(0.4) → 120
𝑛𝑞 = (300)(0.6) → 180
Since both conditions were satisfied, then we could use z-test for population
proportion.

c. Choose the level of significance (𝛼) and establish the rejection region.
(i) Based on the sample problem the level of significance is 5% (𝛼 = 0.05).
(ii) Remember that to identify the rejection region, we need to know first if the
problem is a case of a one-tailed test or a two-tailed test. Since the
alternative hypothesis is 𝑝 > .40, it is a one-tailed test. Referring on the table
below, we can identify that the rejection region is 𝑧 > 1.645.

Level of One-tailed Two-tailed

Significance Left-tailed Right-tailed
𝛼 = 0.05 𝑧 < −1.645 𝑧 > 1.645 𝑧 < −1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 1.96
𝛼 = 0.01 𝑧 < −2.33 𝑧 > 2.33 𝑧 < −2.575 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 2.575

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 Statistics and Probability
2. A manufacturer of detergent powder claims that 25% of the customers prefer brand
Y. To test the claim, a random of 28 customers are selected and asked what brand
they prefer. If 8 out of 28 customers prefer brand Y, what conclusion can we draw?
Use 𝛼 = 0.01 level of significance.

a. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses.

H0: The proportion of customers who prefer brand Y is 25%. In symbol, 𝑝 = 0.25
H1: The proportion of customers who prefer brand Y is less than 25%. In symbol
𝑝 ≠ 0.25

b. Select an appropriate statistical test and procedure.

We need to test the conditions: 𝑛𝑝 > 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑞 > 5.
𝑛 = 28
𝑝 = 0.25
𝑞 = 1 − 0.25 = 0.75
𝑛𝑝 = (28)(0.25) = 7
𝑛𝑞 = (28)(0.75) = 21
𝑧 −test is applicable in this problem.

c. Choose the level of significance (𝛼) and establish the interval of the rejection.
(i) 𝛼 = 0.01
(ii) Since the alternative hypothesis for the situation is 𝑝 ≠ 0.25, it is a two-
tailed test. Referring on the table, the rejection region is 𝑧 > 2.575 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 <
−2.575.

3. Mrs. Cruz asserts that fewer than 6% of the bulbs that she sells are defective.
Supposed 250 bulbs are randomly selected, each is tested and 12 defective bulbs are
found. Does this provide sufficient evidence for Mrs. Cruz to conclude that the
fraction of defective bulbs is less than 0.06? Use 𝛼 = 0.01.

a. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses.

H0: The fraction of defective bulbs is equal to 6%. In symbol, 𝑝 = 0.06
H1: The fraction of defective bulbs less than 6%. In symbol, 𝑝 < 0.06

b. Select an appropriate statistical test and procedure.

We need to test the conditions: 𝑛𝑝 > 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑞 > 5.
𝑛 = 250
𝑝 = 0.06
𝑞 = 1 − 0.06 = 0.94
𝑛𝑝 = (250)(0.06) = 15
𝑛𝑞 = (250)(0.94) = 235
𝑧-test is applicable in this problem.

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 Statistics and Probability
c. Choose the level of significance (𝛼) and establish the interval of the rejection.
(i) The level of significance is 0.01
(ii) Since the alternative hypothesis for the situation is 𝑝 < 0.06, it is a one-
tailed test. Referring on the table, the rejection region is 𝑧 < −2.33.

Activity 1
Directions: Which of the following statements is/are true about the use of z-test for
population proportion.
1. 𝑛𝑝 and 𝑛𝑞 are both greater than 5.
2. 𝑛𝑝 must be greater than 5.
3. 𝑛𝑞 must be less than 5.
4. Either 𝑛𝑝 or 𝑛𝑞 must be less than 5.
5. z-test can be used regardless of the value of 𝑛𝑝 and 𝑛𝑞.

Activity 2
Directions: Identify if z-test is applicable for each the following sets of information.
Write A if applicable and N if not applicable.
1. Hypothesis test on population proportion; 𝑛 = 8, 𝑝 = 0.12
2. Hypothesis test on population proportion; 𝑛 = 20, 𝑞 = 0.95

3. Hypothesis test on population proportion; 𝑛 = 50, 𝑝 = 0.5

4. Hypothesis test on population proportion; 𝑛 = 130, 𝑞 = 0.65

5. Hypothesis test on population proportion; 𝑛 = 18, 𝑞 = 0.38

REMEMBER
1. For population proportion, z-test will be applicable only if 𝑛𝑝 > 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑞 > 5, where: 𝑛
is the number of samples, 𝑝 is the population proportion, and 𝑞 is 1- 𝑝.

2. To identify the rejection region, refer on the table below

Level of One-tailed Two-tailed
Significance Left-tailed Right-tailed
𝛼 = 0.05 𝑧 < −1.645 𝑧 > 1.645 𝑧 < −1.96 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 1.96
𝛼 = 0.01 𝑧 < −2.33 𝑧 > 2.33 𝑧 < −2.575 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 2.575

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 Statistics and Probability
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Read each problem. Write the null and alternative hypotheses and identify
the rejection region.
1. A telephone company claims that 80% of young adults in Manila are using their
cellphones to connect to the internet. In a random sample of 130 young adults, 110 say
that they use their phones to access the internet. Is there enough evidence to support
the said claim? Use α = 0.01.

2. A Tutorial Center claims that more than 75% of their customers are very satisfied
with their services. One hundred were surveyed using random sampling and it was
found out that 83 are very satisfied. Based on these results, should we accept or reject
the company’s claim? Use a 0.05 level of significance.

POST TEST
Directions: Identify the correct answer for each item. Write only the letter of your choice.
1. Out of 250 students, 98 owned a laptop. What is the population proportion of the
students who do not owned laptop?
A. 0.39 C. 0.98
B. 0.61 D. 2.50
2. If the value of population proportion is 0.25, what is the value of 𝑞?
A. 1/4 C. 1/2
B. 1/3 D. 3/4
3. Is z-test applicable in the following given? Hypothesis test on population
proportion; 𝑛 = 121, 𝑝 = 0.98
A. Yes B. No C. Maybe D. Cannot be determined
4. Is z-test applicable in the following given? Hypothesis test on population proportion;
𝑛 = 17, 𝑞 = 0.50
A. Yes B. No C. Maybe D. Cannot be determined

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 11 Statistics and Probability
For no. 5-10
Ships arriving in Port of Manila are inspected by Customs officials for
contaminated cargo. Twenty percent of the ships arriving last year contained cargo
that was contaminated. A random selection of 40 ships in the current year included
10 that had contaminated cargo. Does the data suggest that the proportion of ships
arriving in the port with contaminated cargoes has increased this year? Use α=0.05.
5. Which of the following is a correct null hypothesis?
A. H0: 𝑝 = 0.20 C. H0: 𝑝 > 0.20
B. H0: 𝑝 ≠ 0.20 D. H0: 𝑝 < 0.20
6. Which of the following is a correct alternative hypothesis?
A. H1: 𝑝 = 0.20 C. H1: 𝑝 > 0.20
B. H1: 𝑝 ≠ 0.20 D. H1: 𝑝 < 0.20
7. What is the population proportion?
A. 0.01 C. 0.20
B. 0.18 D. 0.40
8. What is the value of 𝑞?
A. 0.60 C. 0.80
B. 0.82 D. 0.99
9. Is z-test applicable for this problem?
A. yes, because 𝑛𝑝 is greater than 5
B. yes, because 𝑛𝑞 is greater than 5
C. yes, because 𝑛𝑝 and 𝑛𝑞 are both greater than 5
D. yes, because 𝑛𝑝 and 𝑛𝑞 are both less than 5
10. Which of the following rejection region is applicable for this problem?
A. 𝑧 > −1.645 C. 𝑧 > 1.645
B. 𝑧 < −1.645 D. 𝑧 < 1.645

References
Mathematics for Engaged Learning Statistics and Probability by Yvette F. Lim, Rizaldi
C. Nocon, Ederlina G. Nocon, and Leonor A. Ruivivar
Introduction to Statistics by Ronald E. Walpole (Third Edition)
Basic Probability and Statistics by Winston S. Sirug
Statistics and Probability by Rene R. Belecina, Elisa S. Baccay, and Efren B. Mateo
Statistics and Probability by Lino C. Reynoso, Recto Y. Ponciano, and Belinda T.
Conde

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9 (This is a Government Property. Not for Sale.)
Activity 1
Pre-test
1. True
2. True 1. A
3. False 2. B
4. False 3. A
5. False 4. B
5. A
6. D
Activity 2 7. B
1. N 8. B
2. N 9. C
3. A 10. D
4. A
5. A Post test
1. B
Checking your 2. D
Understanding 3. B
4. A
1.H0: 𝑝 = 0.80 5. A
H1: 𝑝 ≠ 0.80 6. C
𝑧 < −2.575 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 > 2.575 7. C
8. C
2. H0: 𝑝 = 0.75 9. C
10. C
H1: 𝑝 > 0.75
𝑧 > 1.645
Answer Key
Grades 11 Statistics and Probability
UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS