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Bahan Ajar

The document discusses energy resources, categorizing them into renewable (e.g., solar, wind, hydroelectric) and non-renewable (e.g., fossil fuels, nuclear). It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each type, including sustainability, environmental impact, and efficiency. Additionally, it compares the cost, reliability, and environmental effects of different energy sources.

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13 views14 pages

Bahan Ajar

The document discusses energy resources, categorizing them into renewable (e.g., solar, wind, hydroelectric) and non-renewable (e.g., fossil fuels, nuclear). It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each type, including sustainability, environmental impact, and efficiency. Additionally, it compares the cost, reliability, and environmental effects of different energy sources.

Uploaded by

gurubeesmart21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Energy Resources

IGCSE Physics

March 22, 2025

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 1 / 14


Energy We Use

Energy is essential for daily activities such as transportation, heating, and


electricity.
Energy sources are categorized into renewable and non-renewable.
Key concerns:
Sustainability
Environmental impact
Efficiency

Renewable Energy Energy Sources Non-Renewable Energy

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 2 / 14


Renewable vs Non-Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy:
Direct Solar Energy – Solar panels capture sunlight.
Wind Power – Wind turbines generate electricity.
Wave Power – Converts ocean waves into energy.
Hydroelectric Power – Dams generate electricity from water flow.
Biomass – Organic material burned for fuel.
Non-Renewable Energy:
Fossil Fuels – Coal, oil, and natural gas.
Nuclear Energy – Fission of uranium atoms.

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 3 / 14


Renewable Energy Overview

Definition: Renewable energy comes from sources that can naturally replenish
over time. Examples:

☼ Solar Energy
Ü Wind Energy
r Hydroelectric Power
à Biomass
U Geothermal

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 4 / 14


Solar Energy ☼

How it works: Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity using the
photovoltaic effect. Advantages:

Infinite energy source


No greenhouse gas emissions
Low maintenance
Disadvantages:
Expensive installation cost
Requires sunlight, inefficient at night

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 5 / 14


Wind Energy Ü

How it works: Wind turbines convert kinetic energy of wind into mechanical
energy, which powers a generator to produce electricity. Advantages:

No emissions
Renewable and sustainable
Disadvantages:
Unpredictable energy source
Noisy and requires space

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 6 / 14


Non-Renewable Energy Overview

Definition: Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will eventually


deplete. Examples:

ï Coal
t Oil
\ Natural Gas
³ Nuclear Energy

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 7 / 14


Fossil Fuels ï

How it works: Fossil fuels are burned to produce steam, which drives turbines
connected to a generator. Problems:

High carbon emissions


Non-renewable, takes millions of years to form

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 8 / 14


Nuclear Energy ³

How it works: Atoms of uranium undergo nuclear fission, releasing energy to


produce electricity. Advantages:

Very efficient
No CO2 emissions
Disadvantages:
Radioactive waste
High initial cost

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 9 / 14


Using Energy Resources to Generate Electricity

Process of Electricity Generation:


Energy source (e.g., coal, wind, or water) generates heat or mechanical
energy.
The energy rotates a turbine.
The turbine drives a generator to produce electricity.

Energy Source Turbine Generator

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 10 / 14


Comparing Energy Resources

Energy Source Renewable? Cost Reliability Environmental Impac


Solar Energy Yes High Low No emissions
Wind Power Yes Moderate Unreliable No emissions
Fossil Fuels No Low High High CO2 emissions
Nuclear Energy No High High Radioactive waste
Hydroelectric Yes High High Land disruption

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 11 / 14


Comparison of Energy Sources: Pros and Cons

Renewable Energy
∞ Unlimited supply (e.g., solar, wind, hydro)
Ì Low greenhouse gas emissions, helps combat climate change
Ñ Can be used locally, reduces dependency on imported fuels
High initial cost for infrastructure (solar panels, wind farms)
. Intermittent supply, depends on weather conditions

\ Non-Renewable Energy
C High energy density, fossil fuels provide large energy
W Reliable and available anytime, does not depend on weather
L Lower initial cost compared to renewables
 Produces greenhouse gases, contributes to global warming
a Finite resource, reserves will run out eventually
‹ Environmental damage, coal mining, oil drilling destroy habitats

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 12 / 14


Detailed Comparison Based on Key Factors

Cost:
Renewable: Higher initial cost, but lower long-term cost
Non-Renewable: Cheaper initially, but increasing prices as resources become
scarce
€ Availability:
Renewable: Depends on location (e.g., solar works best in sunny regions)
Non-Renewable: Easily available but depleting
W Reliability:
Renewable: Unpredictable (e.g., solar only works in daylight)
Non-Renewable: Stable supply, works 24/7
ï Scale:
Renewable: Requires large areas (e.g., wind farms, solar plants)
Non-Renewable: More energy in smaller areas (e.g., power plants)
Environmental Impact:
Renewable: Eco-friendly, but some impact (e.g., hydro dams affect rivers)
Non-Renewable: Major pollution, CO emissions, and habitat destruction

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 13 / 14


Energy from the Sun Nuclear Fusion

Source of Solar Energy:


The Sun produces energy through nuclear fusion in its core.
Hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, releasing massive energy.
Nuclear Fusion Reactors:
Fusion is being researched as a potential energy source.
It produces more energy than fission and is safer.

Solar Radiation

IGCSE Physics Energy Resources March 22, 2025 14 / 14

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