Scribd
Upload
22 views5 pages

Machine Learning

The document provides an overview of machine learning, defining it as a subfield of computer science that enables computers to learn from data without explicit programming. It covers key concepts such as data preparation, model training, and prediction, along with popular techniques like regression, classification, and clustering. Additionally, it highlights the use of Python and its libraries in machine learning applications.

Uploaded by

Rana Ben Fraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views5 pages

Machine Learning

The document provides an overview of machine learning, defining it as a subfield of computer science that enables computers to learn from data without explicit programming. It covers key concepts such as data preparation, model training, and prediction, along with popular techniques like regression, classification, and clustering. Additionally, it highlights the use of Python and its libraries in machine learning applications.

Uploaded by

Rana Ben Fraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

MACHINE

LEARNING

25/08/2024
Fundamentals of Machine
Learning with Python

By: Rana Ben Fraj

1
Introduction to Machine Learning
Definition of Machine Learning: Machine learning is a subfield of computer
science that enables computers to learn and make decisions without being explicitly
programmed.
• Example: Analyzing human cell samples to determine if a tumor is benign or
malignant. Using a dataset of cell characteristics, a machine learning model can
predict the nature of new cell samples with high accuracy.
How Machine Learning Works:
o Data Preparation: Clean the data and select an appropriate algorithm.
o Model Training: Train the model on data to recognize patterns.
o Prediction: Use the trained model to predict outcomes for new data.
Machine Learning vs. Traditional Programming:
o Traditional programming requires explicit rules for tasks.
o Machine learning builds models that learn patterns from data and make
predictions.
Popular Machine Learning Techniques:
o Regression/Estimation: Predicts continuous values (e.g., house prices,
CO2 emissions).
o Classification: Predicts categories (e.g., benign vs. malignant cells,
customer churn).
o Clustering: Groups similar cases (e.g., customer segmentation).
o Association: Finds items/events that co-occur (e.g., grocery items bought
together).
o Anomaly Detection: Identifies unusual cases (e.g., fraud detection).
o Sequence Mining: Predicts the next event (e.g., click-stream analysis).
o Dimension Reduction: Reduces data size.
o Recommendation Systems: Suggests new items based on user
preferences.

2
• Difference Between Terms:
o Artificial Intelligence (AI): Broad field aiming to mimic human
cognitive functions.
o Machine Learning: A branch of AI focusing on statistical methods to
solve problems by learning from examples.
o Deep Learning: A subset of machine learning with more automation,
using neural networks to make intelligent decisions.
1. Using Python for Machine Learning
Python Overview:
o Python is a popular, powerful, and general-purpose programming language.
o It is preferred by data scientists for machine learning due to its extensive
libraries.
Key Python Libraries for Machine Learning:
o NumPy
o SciPy
o Matplotlib
o Pandas
o SciKit Learn

2. Introduction to Regression
i. Definition: Regression is a method for predicting a continuous value based on
other variables.
ii. Variables:
o Dependent Variable (Y): The value we aim to predict.
o Independent Variables (X): The variables used to make predictions.

➢ Simple Linear Regression


• Concept: Involves predicting a dependent variable using one independent
variable.
• Example: Predicting CO2 emissions from engine size.
➢ Multiple Linear Regression
• Concept: Extends simple regression to use multiple independent variables.
• Example: Predicting CO2 emissions using engine size, number of cylinders, and
fuel consumption.

iii. Applications
• Sales Forecasting: Predicting sales based on variables like age, education, and
experience.
• Healthcare: Estimating health metrics based on various factors.
• Real Estate: Predicting house prices from features like size and number of
bedrooms.
iv. Linear Regression Advantages
• Advantages: Fast, easy to understand, and interpret. Does not require extensive
tuning of parameters.
v. Multiple Linear Regression Advantages
• Advantages: Allows for more complex modeling with multiple predictors. Helps
in understanding the impact of each feature on the outcome.

3. Introduction to Classification
1. Classification Overview:
o Classification is a supervised learning approach to categorize items into
discrete classes.
o It learns the relationship between feature variables and a target categorical
variable.
2. How Classification Works:
o Given training data with target labels, a classifier predicts labels for new,
unlabeled data.
o Example: Loan default prediction – classifies customers as defaulters or
non-defaulters.
3. Types of Classification:
o Binary Classification: Two classes (e.g., loan default: yes/no).
o Multi-class Classification: More than two classes (e.g., medication
response: Drug A, Drug B, Drug C).

4. Introduction to Clustering
a) Clustering:
o Definition: Unsupervised learning technique that groups similar data points
into clusters.
o Objective: Find natural groupings within the data where objects in the same
group are similar to each other and dissimilar to objects in other groups.
o Application: Used to create customer profiles and tailor marketing strategies.
b) Difference from Classification:
o Classification: Supervised learning that assigns instances to predefined
classes based on labeled data.
o Clustering: Unsupervised learning that finds clusters in unlabeled data based
on similarity.
c) Applications of Clustering
1. Retail:
▪ Find associations among customers based on demographics.
▪ Used in recommendation systems for collaborative filtering.
2. Banking:
▪ Identify patterns of fraudulent transactions.
▪ Distinguish between loyal and churned customers.
3. Insurance:
▪ Detect fraud in claims.
▪ Evaluate insurance risk based on customer segments.
4. Media:
▪ Auto-categorize and tag news articles.
▪ Recommend similar news articles to readers.
5. Medicine:
▪ Characterize patient behavior to identify successful therapies.
▪ Group genes or genetic markers.
6. Biology:
▪ Cluster genes with similar expression patterns or genetic markers.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy