vfHkO;fDr

ik¡poka vad&2024
x`g if=dk vuqØef.kdk
Ø-la- fo"k; i`"B la-
1- lans'k 02&05
2- laj{kd dh dye ls 06
laj{kd 3- laikndh; 07
Jh ch-ts- xqIrk 4- Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud [kjhn % 08
xouZeVas Ã&ekdsZV Iysl ¼GeM½ dk egRo
eq[; egkizca/kd ¼ek-la-½
5- ekbaMQqy ÃÇVx 12
6- eS&
a eSa dh vknr dj nsxh lHkh ls 14
vyx&Fkyx
laiknd
7- fut Hkk"kk % jk"VªHkk"kk 15
Jh ujs'k dqekj 8- iaNh 15
izca/kd ¼jk-Hkk-½ 9- dfBu o eqf'dy dke 16
10- viuh jkg % ,d Qwy dh dgkuh 17
11- èkU; gSa èkjk rw 18
ladyudrkZ 12- dke dks cks> u le>sa 19
Jh vuqjkx 'kekZ 13- vn~Hkqr vaMeku ¼;k=k o`rkar½ 21
ofj"B fganh vuqoknd 14- efLr"d dh 'kfä;ka 24
15- jhfr dkO; esa ?kukuan dh dfork dk LFkku 25
Jherh jf'e dkSf'kd
16- Hkkjr jRu M‚- ckck lkgsc vacM s dj 30
ofj"B dk;kZy; lgk;d ¼jk-Hkk-½
dk thou ifjp;
Jh vkyksd ;kno 17- thou esa lc dqN vklku gS tc vki 33
lfpoh; lgk;d ¼jk-Hkk-½
O;Lr gka]s ysfdu lc dqN eqf'dy gS]
tc vki lqLr gksAa
18- Hkkjr cuke bafM;k 35
19- vkbuk 36
if=dk esa izdkf'kr jpukvksa esa O;Dr fd, 20- çkphu xzhd vksyfa id ls vkèkqfud vksyfa id 38
x, fopkj ys[kdksa ds futh fopkj gSaA jpuk [ksyksa rd
dh ekSfydrk vkSj vU; fdlh fookn ds fy,
ys[kd Lo;a mÙkjnk;h gksaxsA 21- izpfyr eqgkojs ,oa yksdksfDr;ka 41
22- fuxe dh çeq[k xfrfofèk;ka 43

1
 Hkkjr izfrHkwfr eqnz.k rFkk eqnzk fuekZ.k fuxe fyfeVsM
feuhjRu Js.kh&I] lhih,lbZ
¼Hkkjr ljdkj ds iw.kZ LokfeRok/khu½
Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
Miniratna Category-I, CPSE
(Wholly owned by Government of India)

v/;{k ,oa izca/k funs'kd

Chairman & Managing Director

lans'k

;g g"kZ dk fo"k; gS fd ,lih,elhvkÃ,y fuxe dk;kZy; dh x`g if=dk ÞvfHkO;fäß ds ikaposa vad
dk çdk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA x`g if=dkvksa dk lcls cM+k mís'; ;gh gS fd ;g dk;kZy; dh fofoèk
xfrfofèk;ksa ,oa miyfCèk;ksa dks n'kkZrs gq, blds vfèkdkfj;ksa ,oa deZpkfj;ksa dh l`tukRedrk dks vfHkO;ä
djus ds fy, ,d volj iznku djsA
,lih,elhvkÃ,y vfHkuo ,oa ewY;oÆèkr mRiknksa ds mRiknu dh fn'kk esa lrr :i ls ç;kljr gSA
blds mRikn jk"Vª&fuekZ.k esa csgn gh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa ,oa budh xq.koÙkk ,oa mR—"Vrk ls fuxe
us lQyrk ds u, vk;keksa dks çkIr fd;k gSA bl okrkoj.k dks vkSj vfèkd vuqdy w cukus ds fy, eSa lHkh
vfèkdkfj;ksa rFkk deZpkfj;ksa ls vkºoku djrk gwa fd daiuh dk;ks± ds çfr viuh çfrc)rk esa vuq'kklu]
le;c)rk rFkk ykxr lkis{krk dk çR;sd Lrj ij è;ku j[krs gq, viuh dk;Z ;kstuk cukdj mls fuèkkZfjr
le; ls iwoZ fu"ikfnr djus dk y{; j[ksAa
fuxe dk;kZy; ,oa blds fu;a=.kkèkhu lHkh ukS bdkb;ksa esa jktHkk"kk Çgnh ds {ks= esa Hkh la?k dh
jktHkk"kk uhfr] vfèkfu;e] fu;eksa rFkk okÆ"kd dk;ZØe ds lHkh y{;ksa dh çkfIr lqfuf'pr dh tk jgh gSA
ifj.kkeLo:i fuxe dh bdkb;ksa dks vius&vius {ks= esa jktHkk"kk ds lEeku@iqjLdkj çkIr gks jgs gSAa
eSa bl if=dk çdk'ku ls tqMs+ lHkh dkÆedksa dks mudh jpukRedrk ds fy, cèkkà nsrk gwAa
ÞvfHkO;fäß ds lQy çdk'ku ds fy, 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

¼fot; jatu Çlg½

vè;{k rFkk çcaèk funs'kd

16oha eafty] tokgj O;kikj Hkou] tuiFk] ubZ fnYyh&110001

16th Floor, Jawahar Vyapar Bhawan, Janpath, New Delhi - 110001
Qksu@Tel.: +91-11-23701220, 43582220 QSDl@Fax : +91-11-43582276
bZ&esy@E-mail : cmd@spmcil.com 2 oSc-@ Web. : www.spmcil.com
CIN : U22213DL2006GO1144763 fganh vklku gS] bldk iz;ksx c<+kb,
 Hkkjr izfrHkwfr eqnz.k rFkk eqnzk fuekZ.k fuxe fyfeVsM
feuhjRu Js.kh&I] lhih,lbZ
¼Hkkjr ljdkj ds iw.kZ LokfeRok/khu½
Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
Miniratna Category-I, CPSE
(Wholly owned by Government of India)

lquhy dqekj flUgk] funs'kd ¼ekuo lalk/ku½

Sunil Kumar Sinha, Director (Human Resource)

lans'k

g"kZ dk fo"k; gS fd fuxe dk;kZy; dh x`g if=dk ÞvfHkO;fäß ds vkxkeh vad dk fuèkkZfjr le;
ij çdk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA
la?k dh jktHkk"kk uhfr ds vuqlkj dk;kZy; ds dk;Z esa jktHkk"kk fgUnh dk vf/kdkf/kd iz;ksx djuk
visf{kr gSA bl ckjs esa jktHkk"kk dh çxfr dh leh{kk ds fy, fuxe dk;kZy; esa çR;sd frekgh esa vk;ksftr
cSBdksa esa çnÆ'kr fooj.k ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd fuxe dk;kZy; rFkk lHkh bdkb;ksa }kjk jktHkk"kk lacèa kh
lHkh egRoiw.kZ xfrfofèk;ksa dk v{kj'k% vuqikyu lqfuf'pr fd;k tk jgk gSA
bl çxfr dk ,d lq[kn igyw ;g Hkh gS fd ofj"B çcaèku ds Lrj ij bl dk;Z ds çfr iw.kZ fu"Bk
,oa xaHkhjrk cjrh tk jgh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i lHkh vfèkdkfj;ksa rFkk deZpkfj;ksa esa Çgnh esa dk;Z djus ds fy,
çsj.kk rFkk mRlkg dk lapkj jgrk gS vkSj lEiw.kZ daiuh esa jktHkk"kk ds çfr mi;qä okrkoj.k fuÆer gksrk
gSA blls jktHkk"kk ds çxkeh ç;ksx lacèa kh lHkh fuèkkZfjr y{;ksa dh çkfIr dk ekxZ ç'kLr gksrk gSA
dk;kZy; dh x`g if=dk çfro"kZ yksdfç;rk ds u, eqdke gkfly dj jgh gS ftldk Js; lHkh
dkÆedksa ,oa gekjs jpukdkjksa dks tkrk gSA fuxe dh if=dk dks fiNys nks o"kks± ls ujkdkl Lrj ij iqjL—
r fd;k tkuk bl ckr dk lk{; gSA
eSa vk'kk djrk gw¡ fd if=dk ds u, vad esa çdkf'kr ikBu lkexzh jkspd rFkk KkuoèkZd gksxhA
ÞvfHkO;fäß ds lQy çdk'ku ds fy, esjh 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

¼lquhy dqekj flUgk½

funs'kd ¼ekuo lalkèku½

16oha eafty] tokgj O;kikj Hkou] tuiFk] ubZ fnYyh&110001

16th Floor, Jawahar Vyapar Bhawan, Janpath, New Delhi - 110001
Qksu@Tel.: +91-11-23701143, 43582232 QSDl@Fax : +91-11-23701143
bZ&esy@E-mail : dhr@spmcil.com 3 oSc-@ Web. : www.spmcil.com
CIN : U22213DL2006GO1144763 fganh vklku gS] bldk iz;ksx c<+kb,
 vt; vxzoky
AJAYAGARWAL
funs'kd ¼foÙk½
Director (Finance)
Hkkjr izfrHkwfr eqnz.k rFkk eqnzk fuekZ.k fuxe fyfeVsM
¼foÙk ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj ds v/khu½
Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
(Under Ministry of Finance, Government of India)

lans'k

fuxe dh x`g if=dk ÞvfHkO;fäß dk vkxkeh vad çdkf'kr gksus tk jgk gS tks ç'kaluh; gSA x`g
if=dk ds çdk'ku dk mís'; laxBu ds lHkh egRoiw.kZ dk;ks± ds lacèa k esa o"kZ Hkj ds nkSjku vk;ksftr
?kVukØeks]a miyfCèk;ks]a iqjLdkjksa ds ladyu ds lkFk&lkFk jktHkk"kk çpkj&çlkj lacèa kh fofoèk xfrfofèk;ksa
dh tkudkjh çnku djuk gSA
;g xoZ dk fo"k; gS fd ,lih,elhvkÃ,y ,oa bldh lHkh bdkb;ka xzkgdksa ls çkIr ekax dh fuèkkZfjr
le; ij iwÆr gsrq gj laHko ç;kl dj jgh gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i ge fujarj fodkl dh vksj vxzlj gSAa
fuxe ds lHkh dkÆedksa ds dBksj ifjJe ls vkt gekjk fuxe lkoZtfud {ks= ds miØeksa dh lwph esa viuh
vyx igpku LFkkfir djus esa lQy gqvk gS vkSj daiuh us o"kZ 2022&23 ds nkSjku #- 1779-25 djksM+ dk
vc rd dk lokZfèkd dj i'pkr ykHk vÆtr fd;k gSA
;g Hkh ljkguh; gS fd jktHkk"kk Çgnh ds Js"B dk;kZUo;u ds fy, fuxe dh vfèkdka'k bdkb;ksa dks
x`g ea=ky; ds Lrj ij vFkok uxj jktHkk"kk dk;kZUo;u lfefr;ksa ds Lrj ij iqjLdkj çkIr gq, gSAa bl
if=dk ds ekè;e ls eSa lHkh dkÆedksa dks lEiw.kZ dk;kZy; dk;Z dks jktHkk"kk fgUnh esa djus ds fy, vihy
djrk gw¡A
ÞvfHkO;fäß ds bl vad ds lQy çdk'ku ds fy, esjh gkÆnd 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

¼vt; vxzoky½
funs'kd ¼foÙk½

16oha eafty] tokgj O;kikj Hkou] tuiFk] ubZ fnYyh&110001

16th Floor, Jawahar Vyapar Bhawan, Janpath, New Delhi - 110001
Qksu@Tel.: +91-11-43582215, 43582220 QSDl@Fax : +91-11-43582216
4
bZ&esy@E-mail : df@spmcil.com, ajay.agarwal@spmcil.com oSc-@ Web. : www.spmcil.com
CIN : U22213DL2006GO1144763
fou; dqekj flag] Hkk-jk-ls- Hkkjr izfrHkwfr eqnz.k rFkk eqnzk fuekZ.k fuxe fyfeVsM
¼foÙk ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj ds v/khu½
Vinay K. Singh, I.R.S. Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
eq[; lrdZrk vf/kdkjh (Under Ministry of Finance, Government of India)

Chief Vigilance Officer

lans'k

eq>s ;g tkudj çlUurk gS fd ,l-ih-,e-lh-vkÃ-,y- fuxe dk;kZy; dh x`g if=dk ÞvfHkO;fäß

ds ikapos vad dk çdk'ku 'kh?kz gh fd;k tk jgk gSA dk;kZy; dh ;g x`g if=dk dkÆedksa dh jpukRed
çfrHkk dks mfpr eap çnku djus esa viuh vge Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSA
,l-ih-,e-lh-vkÃ-,y- esa jktHkk"kk ds çfr çR;sd Lrj ij ,d vuqdy w okrkoj.k ns[kus dks feyrk gSA
dk;kZy; ds lHkh foHkkxksa }kjk jktHkk"kk esa vfèkdkfèkd dk;Z djus dk ,d çfrLièkkZRed okrkoj.k fuÆer
gqvk gSA lHkh vfèkdkjh rFkk deZpkjh fo'ks"kdj ofj"B Lrj ds vfèkdkjh LosPNk ls dk;kZy; ds dk;Z dks
Çgnh esa ljyrk ls fu"ikfnr dj jgs gSAa
mYys[kuh; gS fd lrdZrk foHkkx }kjk foxr o"kks± ls Çgnh esa lai.w kZ dk;Z fu"ikfnr fd;k tk jgk gS]
tks nwljs foHkkxksa ds fy, vkjaHk ls gh vuqdj.kh; jgk gSA blesa fofHkUu çdkj ds i=kpkj ds ekud çk:i]
Qkbyksa esa Çgnh esa fVIi.kh ys[ku rFkk lHkh çdkj dh tkap fjiksVZ vkfn dks ewyr% Çgnh esa gh rS;kj djus
ds ç;kl fd, tkrs gSAa blls lrdZrk lacèa kh lHkh fu;eks]a fn'kk&funs'Z kks]a vuqikyuksa dks ,d fuokjd lrdZrk
ds :i esa csgrj <ax ls fØ;kfUor djus esa çR;sd Lrj ij visf{kr lg;ksx feyrk gSA
eSa vk'kk djrk gw¡ fd lrdZrk lacèa kh lHkh egRoiw.kZ vuqikyuksa dh rjg jktHkk"kk ds ç;ksx ds lacèa k
esa tkjh jktHkk"kk uhfr] fu;eksa rFkk vfèkfu;eksa ds iw.kZ vuqikyu ls fuxe dh dk;Z ç.kkyh esa vfèkd Li"Vrk
rFkk ikjnÆ'krk vk,xhA
dk;kZy; dh x`g if=dk ds lQy çdk'ku gsrq esjh vfxze 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

¼fou; dqekj Çlg½

eq[; lrdZrk vfèkdkjh

16oha eafty] tokgj O;kikj Hkou] tuiFk] ubZ fnYyh&110001

16th Floor, Jawahar Vyapar Bhawan, Janpath, New Delhi - 110001
Qksu@Tel.: +91-11-43582260 QSDl@Fax : +91-11-43582202
5
bZ&esy@E-mail : cvo@spmcil.com oSc-@ Web. : www.spmcil.com
CIN : U22213DL2006GO1144763
 ch- ts- xqIrk
B. J. GUPTA
eq[; egkizca/kd ¼ekuo lalk/ku½
Chief General Manager (Human Resource)
Hkkjr izfrHkwfr eqnz.k rFkk eqnzk fuekZ.k fuxe fyfeVsM
¼foÙk ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj ds v/khu½
Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
(Under Ministry of Finance, Government of India)

laj{kd dh dye ls

fuxe }kjk foxr pkj o"kks± ls ÞvfHkO;fäß x`g if=dk dk fujarj çdk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA bl
if=dk ds uohure vad dks çLrqr djrs gq, eq>s çlUurk gks jgh gSA jpukRedrk ,oa l`tu'khyrk dks
vfHkO;ä djus dk ;g if=dk ,d KkuoèkZd ekè;e gSA blds vfrfjä ;g Hkkjr ljdkj dh jktHkk"kk
uhfr ds dk;kZUo;u ,oa çpkj&çlkj esa vge Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djrk gSA
dk;kZy; esa jktHkk"kk ds çxkeh ç;ksx lacèa kh lHkh lkafofèkd micaèkksa dk ;Fkkle; vuqikyu lqfuf'pr
fd;k tk jgk gS tSl& s dkÆedksa dks Çgnh esa dk;Z djus lacèa kh dfBukb;ksa ds fuokj.k ds fy, çR;sd frekgh
esa ÞÇgnh dk;Z'kkykvksßa dk vk;kstu djuk] fuxe dk;kZy; lfgr lHkh bdkb;ksa dh çR;sd frekgh dh çxfr
fjiksVZ dh ofj"B çcaèku }kjk fuxe dk;kZy; esa vk;ksftr jktHkk"kk dk;kZUo;u lfefr dh fu;fer cSBdksa
esa leh{kk djuk] lai.w kZ daiuh esa jktHkk"kk vfèkdkfj;ksa rFkk vuqokndksa dh dk;Z ç.kkyh esa ewY;oèkZu ds fy,
çfro"kZ ,d varj&bdkà jktHkk"kk lEesyu dk vk;kstu djuk vkfn mYys[kuh; gSAa blds vfrfjä
jktHkk"kk foHkkx] x`g ea=ky; }kjk jktHkk"kk ds çpkj&çlkj ds fy, tkjh ÞjktHkk"kk çksRlkgu ;kstuk,aß Hkh
fuxe dk;kZy; lfgr lHkh bdkb;ksa esa ykxw dh xà gSA
fuxe dks jktHkk"kk ds {ks= esa vius oSfoè;iw.kZ dk;ks± ds fy, yxkrkj iqjLdkj çkIr gks jgs gSa tks
fuf'pr :i ls ge lHkh ds fy, xkSjo dh ckr gSA
eSa vk'kk djrk gw¡ fd ÞvfHkO;fäß dk ;g u;k vad vki lHkh dks ilan vk,xk ,oa blesa çdkf'kr
jpuk,¡ KkuoèkZd ,oa jkspd gksx
a hA eSa bl if=dk ls tqMs+ lHkh dkÆedksa dks viuh gkÆnd 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ çsf"kr
djrk gw¡A

¼ch-ts- xqIrk½
eq[; egkçcaèkd ¼ekuo lalkèku½

16oha eafty] tokgj O;kikj Hkou] tuiFk] ubZ fnYyh&110001

16th Floor, Jawahar Vyapar Bhawan, Janpath, New Delhi - 110001
Qksu@Tel.: +91-11-23701225/26, 91-11-43582250
6 oSc-@ Web. : www.spmcil.com
bZ&esy@E-mail : bj.gupta@spmcil.com
CIN : U22213DL2006GO1144763
 laikndh;

y{; nwljksa ls csgrj gksuk ugÈ gS] cfYd vius vrhr ls csgrj gksuk gSA & nykà ykek
thou dk y{; csgrj ls csgrj ikus dk gSA gj dksà pkgrk gS fd ftl txg ;k ftl in ij gS]a
mlls Åij tk,aA blds fy, pqukSfr;ka Lohdkj djus vkSj muls ikj ikus esa viuh ÅtkZ >ksda nsrk gSA bl
mís'; dh çkfIr ds fy, dk;kZy; ds dk;ks± esa Hkh gekjk ç;kl gksuk pkfg, fd vius dk;Z ls lacfa èkr lHkh
fuèkkZfjr y{;kssa dh u dsoy çkfIr lqfuf'pr djsa vfirq y{;ksa ls c<+dj dk;Z djsAa bl çdkj dh dk;Z
;kstuk ls çfrLièkkZRed okrkoj.k fuÆer gksrk gSA
jktHkk"kk ds {ks= esa ,lih,elhvkÃ,y fuxe dk;kZy; lfgr lHkh ukS bdkb;ksa esa bl çdkj dh
izfrLièkkZ ns[kus dks feyrh gSA Hkk"kk ds ç;ksx dh n`f"V ls ns'k ds rhuksa {ks=ksa vFkkZr ^d*] ^[k* rFkk ^x* {ks=
esa fLFkr bdkb;ksa }kjk vius&vius {ks= esa jktHkk"kk ds çxkeh ç;ksx lacèa kh fuèkkZfjr y{;ksa dh çkfIr dj
dk;kZy; ds vU; egRoiw.kZ dk;Z{ks=ksa esa lHkh jktHkk"kk dkÆed viuh çfrHkk ,oa dkS'ky ds lkFk yksgk euok
jgs gSAa bl nkSM+ esa gj le; thr feys] ;g dnkfi laHko ugÈ gSA ijarq gesa viuh Nfo] viuh çfr"Bk ds
vuq:i ofj"B Lrj ,oa dfu"B Lrj ij ,d csgrj rkyesy] lkeatL; rFkk leUo; dks fujarj cuk, j[kuk
gSA
[kkstsaxs vxj rHkh rks jkLrs feysaxs] eaft+yksa dh rks fQrjr gksrh gS]
[kqn pydj vkrh ugÈ] gesa gh dnerky djuh gksrh gSA
vfHkO;fä ds bl vad esa fuxe dk;kZy; ds lkFk&lkFk ofj"B çcaèku ds funs'kkuqlkj bdkb;ksa ds
jpukdkjksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA vk'kk gS ;g vad ikBdksa dh vis{kkvksa ij [kjk mrjsxkA bl vad
ds ckjs esa vkids egRoiw.kZ lq>ko] çfrfØ;k,a] lykg dh vkdka{kk es-a --

¼ujs'k dqekj½
çcaèkd ¼jktHkk"kk½

7
 Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud [kjhn % xouZesaV Ã&ekdsZVIysl
¼GeM½ dk egRo

Hkwfedk
Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud [kjhn ljdkjh laLFkkuksa dh ,d çeq[k vkÆFkd xfrfofèk gS]
tks ns'k ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ¼GDP½ dk yxHkx 22% fgLlk gSA blds ekè;e ls
ljdkj vius fofHkUu nkf;Roksa tSls y?kq m|ksxksa dk fodkl] u, m|eksa dk çksRlkgu]
vkSj vk;kr çfrLFkkiu dks iwjk djrh gSA lkoZtfud [kjhn ç.kkyh ds çHkkoh lapkyu ls ljdkjh èku ds
dqçcaèku dks jksdk tk ldrk gSA
lkoZtfud [kjhn dh ifjHkk"kk vkSj egRo
lkoZtfud [kjhn dk eryc ljdkj vkSj jkT; ds LokfeRo okys m|eksa }kjk oLrqvks]a lsokvksa vkSj dk;ks±
dh [kjhn ls gSA bldk mís'; lkoZtfud [kjhn fu;eksa vkSj fn'kkfunsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj lgh le; ij vkSj
ykxr çHkkoh rjhds ls ;ksX; Bsdns kjks]a vkiwÆrdrkZvksa vkSj lsok çnkrkvksa dks vuqcèa k çnku djuk gSA ;s fu;e
dsæa h; vkSj jkT; Lrj ij fofHkUu ea=ky;ks]a foHkkxks]a uxjikfydk vkSj vU; LFkkuh; fudk;ks]a lkoZtfud
fuxeksa vkSj miØeksa }kjk oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh [kjhn dks fu;af=r djrs gSAa
oSfÜod ifjçs{; esa lkoZtfud [kjhn
;wjksih; ns'kksa esa Hkh GDP dk cM+k fgLlk lkoZtfud [kjhn esa [kpZ gksrk gS] tSls fd uhnjySM
a esa 20%]
a esa 19% vkSj LohMu esa 16-5%A czkthy] felz] Hkkjr] ikfdLrku] nf{k.k vÝhdk] rqdÊ vkSj fo;ruke
fQuySM
vkfn viuh GDP ds 20% ls vfèkd dh lkoZtfud [kjhn djrs gSAa 2018 ds vkadM+kas ds vuqlkj] oSfÜod
GDP ds $90 fVªfy;u esa ls yxHkx $11 fVªfy;u lkoZtfud [kjhn FkhA
la;qä jk"Vª Hkz"Vkpkj fujksèkd dUosa'ku ¼UNCAC½
la;qä jk"Vª Hkz"Vkpkj fujksèkd dUos'a ku ¼UNCAC½ 14 fnlacj] 2005 dks ykxw gqvk] tks lkoZtfud
[kjhn esa ikjnÆ'krk vkSj çfrLièkkZ dks c<+kok nsus dk ç;kl djrk gSA UNCAC ds vuqPNsn 9 esa lkoZtfud
[kjhn vkSj lkoZtfud foÙk ds çcaèku ds fy, fn'kk&funs'Z k fn, x, gSAa ;g dUos'a ku ljdkjksa dks ikjnÆ'krk]
tokcnsgh vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj jksdFkke ds fl)karksa dks viukus ds fy, çksRlkfgr djrk gSA
Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud [kjhn ds fl)kar
lkoZtfud [kjhn djnkrkvksa ds iSls dk cM+k fgLlk gksrh gS] blfy, ljdkjksa ls vis{kk dh tkrh gS
fd os bls mPp xq.koÙkk dh lsok,a çnku djus vkSj tufgr dh j{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, dq'kyrkiwod Z
vkSj mPp ekudksa ds lkFk iwjk djsAa Hkkjr dh lkoZtfud [kjhn O;oLFkk esa ikjnÆ'krk vkSj xSj&euekus rjhds
ls çfrLièkÊ dherksa ij mPp xq.koÙkk dh lkexzh vkSj lsokvksa dk vfèkxzg.k 'kkfey gSA
Hkkjr esa dkuwuh vkSj fu;ked lkoZtfud [kjhn <kapk
Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud [kjhn ds dkuwuh vkSj fu;ked <kaps esa laoSèkkfud çkoèkku] lkekU; foÙkh; fu;e

8
¼GFR½] 2017] vkSj dsæa h;] jkT; ;k LFkkuh; Lrj ij ljdkjh fudk;ksa }kjk is'k fd, x, lHkh vuqcèa k
'kkfey gSAa j{kk] jsyos] isVªkfs y;e vkSj çk—frd xSl] fctyh] nwjlapkj] uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ] vkSj lw{e] y?kq
vkSj eè;e m|e ¼MSME½ ds fy, fof'k"V fu;e vkSj uhfr;ka Hkh ekStnw gSAa
xouZesaV Ã&ekdsZVIysl ¼GeM½ dk ifjp;
Hkkjr ljdkj us lkoZtfud [kjhn çfØ;k dks ikjn'kÊ vkSj dq'ky cukus ds fy, xouZeVas Ã&ekdsVZ Iysl
¼GeM½ dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA GeM ,d v‚uykbu iksVy Z gS tks ljdkjh foHkkxks]a laxBuksa vkSj lkoZtfud {ks=
dh bdkb;ksa dks oL=] lsokvksa vkSj dk;ks± dh [kjhnkjh ds fy, ,d ikjn'kÊ vkSj dq'ky eap çnku djrk gSA
GeM ds ekè;e ls ljdkj vius vkiwÆrdrkZvksa vkSj lsok çnkrkvksa ds p;u esa fu"i{krk vkSj ikjnÆ'krk
lqfuf'pr djrh gSA
GeM dh LFkkiuk vkSj mís';
xouZeVas Ã&ekdsVZ Iysl ¼GeM½ dh LFkkiuk 2016 esa Hkkjr ljdkj ds okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx ea=ky; }kjk
dh xà FkhA bldk eq[; mís'; ljdkjh [kjhn çfØ;kvksa dks fMftVy cukuk] ikjnÆ'krk c<+kuk vkSj
Hkz"Vkpkj dks de djuk FkkA GeM dk fe'ku ljdkjh foHkkxksa vkSj laxBuksa dks ,d ,slk eap çnku djuk
gS tgka os fofHkUu oL= vkSj lsok,a lhèks foØsrkvksa ls [kjhn ldrs gS]a ftlls fcpkSfy;ksa dh vko';drk
lekIr gks tkrh gSA
GeM ds çeq[k dk;Z vkSj fo'ks"krk,a
GeM IysVQ‚eZij dà çdkj ds oL= vkSj lsok,a miyCèk gS]a ftuesa dk;kZy; vkiwÆr] vkÃVh midj.k]
okgu] fpfdRlk midj.k] vkSj fuekZ.k lkexzh 'kkfey gSAa blds vykok] GeM IysVQ‚eZ ij lsokvksa tSls fd
ifjogu] y‚ftfLVDl] vkSj lkQ&lQkà lsokvksa dh Hkh [kjhn dh tk ldrh gSA GeM ds ekè;e ls
ljdkjh foHkkx viuh vko';drkvksa ds vuqlkj fofHkUu mRiknksa vkSj lsokvksa dh [kjhn dj ldrs gSAa
GeM IysVQ‚eZ dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk,a fuEufyf[kr gS%a
1- ikjnÆ'krk vkSj çfrLièkkZ% GeM IysVQ‚eZ ij lHkh [kjhn çfØ;k,a v‚uykbu gksrh gS]a ftlls
ikjnÆ'krk vkSj çfrLièkkZ dks c<+kok feyrk gSA
2- ykxr esa cpr% v‚uykbu cksyh çfØ;k vkSj çfrLièkÊ dherksa ls ljdkjh [kpks± esa cpr gksrh gSA
3- le; dh cpr% ikjaifjd [kjhn çfØ;kvksa dh rqyuk esa GeM ds ekè;e ls [kjhnkjh rsth ls iwjh
dh tk ldrh gSA
4- lqfoèkktud vkSj lqyHk% GeM IysVQ‚eZ lHkh iath—r foØsrkvksa vkSj [kjhnkjksa ds fy, lqyHk gS]
ftlls fdlh Hkh le; vkSj dgÈ ls Hkh [kjhnkjh dh tk ldrh gSA
5- ekudhdj.k% GeM IysVQ‚eZ ij lHkh mRiknksa vkSj lsokvksa dk ekudhdj.k fd;k x;k gS] ftlls
[kjhnkjksa dks mPp xq.koÙkk dh lkexzh çkIr gksrh gSA

9
6- leFkZu lsok,a% GeM ij foØsrkvksa vkSj [kjhnkjksa ds fy, çf'k{k.k] rduhdh lgk;rk vkSj xzkgd
leFkZu lsok,a Hkh miyCèk gSAa
GeM ds ykHk
GeM IysVQ‚eZ ds dà Qk;ns gS]a tks fuEufyf[kr gS%a
1- ikjnÆ'krk vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj esa deh% GeM IysVQ‚eZ ij lHkh ysu&nsu v‚uykbu gksrs gS]a ftlls
ikjnÆ'krk c<+rh gS vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj ds volj de gksrs gSAa
2- O;ofLFkr çfØ;k% GeM ij lHkh [kjhn çfØ;k,a lqO;ofLFkr vkSj ekudh—r gS]a ftlls [kjhnkjh
çfØ;k ljy vkSj çHkkoh curh gSA
3- mPp xq.koÙkk% GeM ij miyCèk lHkh mRikn vkSj lsok,a mPp xq.koÙkk ds ekudksa dk ikyu djrs
gS]a ftlls [kjhnkjksa dks mPp xq.koÙkk dh lkexzh çkIr gksrh gSA
4- ykxr esa cpr% GeM ij çfrLièkÊ cksyh çfØ;k ds ekè;e ls [kjhnkjh dh tkrh gS] ftlls ljdkjh
[kpks± esa cpr gksrh gSA
5- le; dh cpr% GeM ds ekè;e ls [kjhnkjh dh çfØ;k rst gksrh gS] ftlls ljdkjh foHkkx viuh
vko';drkvksa dks rsth ls iwjk dj ldrs gSAa
6- lqyHkrk% GeM IysVQ‚eZ lHkh iath—r foØsrkvksa vkSj [kjhnkjksa ds fy, lqyHk gS] ftlls fdlh Hkh
le; vkSj dgÈ ls Hkh [kjhnkjh dh tk ldrh gSA
GeM ds fØ;kUo;u dh pqukSfr;k¡
GeM IysVQ‚eZ ds fØ;kUo;u esa dqN pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh gS]a tks fuEufyf[kr gS%a
1- rduhdh pqukSfr;ka% GeM IysVQ‚eZ ds mi;ksx esa dHkh&dHkh rduhdh leL;k,a vk ldrh gS]a ftUgsa
fu;fer viMsV vkSj rduhdh lgk;rk ls gy fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2- foØsrkvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh% lHkh laHkkfor foØsrkvksa dks GeM ij iath—r djuk ,d pqukSrh gSA blds
fy, tkx:drk dk;ZØe vkSj çf'k{k.k dk;Z'kkyk,a vk;ksftr dh tk ldrh gSAa
3- MsVk lqj{kk% GeM ij ysu&nsu ds nkSjku MsVk lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djuk egRoiw.kZ gS] ftlds fy,
etcwr lkbcj lqj{kk mik; viuk, tkrs gSAa
4- Hkqxrku dh çfØ;k% dHkh&dHkh foØsrkvksa dks Hkqxrku esa nsjh gks ldrh gS] ftlls mudh foÙkh;
fLFkfr çHkkfor gks ldrh gSA blds lekèkku ds fy, Hkqxrku çfØ;k dks ljy vkSj Rofjr cukus dh
vko';drk gSA
5- vkiwÆr J`a[kyk çcaèku% GeM ij lHkh foØsrkvksa ds fy, ,d etcwr vkSj foÜoluh; vkiwÆr J`[a kyk
lqfuf'pr djuk pqukSrhiw.kZ gks ldrk gSA blds fy, çHkkoh vkiwÆr J`[a kyk çcaèku vkSj fuxjkuh dh
vko';drk gksrh gSA

10
Hkfo"; dh laHkkouk,¡ vkSj lqèkkj ds mik;
GeM IysVQ‚eZ ds Hkfo"; esa vkSj Hkh lqèkkj vkSj foLrkj dh laHkkouk,¡ gSAa ljdkj }kjk fuEufyf[kr
lqèkkj mik;ksa dks viukus ls GeM dh çHkko'khyrk vkSj c<+kà tk ldrh gS%
1- rduhdh mUu;u% GeM IysVQ‚eZ dks rduhdh :i ls mUur cukus ds fy, fu;fer viMsV vkSj
lqèkkj fd, tk ldrs gSAa blls mi;ksxdrkZ vuqHko esa lqèkkj gksxk vkSj rduhdh leL;kvksa dks de fd;k
tk ldsxkA
2- çf'k{k.k vkSj tkx:drk% lHkh laHkkfor foØsrkvksa vkSj [kjhnkjksa dks GeM ds mi;ksx ds fy,
çf'k{k.k vkSj tkx:drk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd, tk ldrs gSAa blls GeM ij vfèkd ls vfèkd foØsrkvksa
dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsxhA
3- MsVk lqj{kk esa lqèkkj% GeM ij MsVk lqj{kk ds mik;ksa dks vkSj Hkh etcwr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlls
ysu&nsu ds nkSjku MsVk dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA
4- Hkqxrku çfØ;k esa lqèkkj% foØsrkvksa dks Rofjr Hkqxrku lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, Hkqxrku çfØ;k dks
ljy vkSj Rofjr cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
5- vkiwÆr J`a[kyk çcaèku ¼SCM½% GeM ij çHkkoh vkiwÆr J`[a kyk çcaèku vkSj fuxjkuh lqfuf'pr dh
tk ldrh gS] ftlls lHkh foØsrkvksa ds fy, ,d etcwr vkSj foÜoluh; vkiwÆr J`[a kyk cukà tk ldsA
fu"d"kZ
Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud [kjhn vkÆFkd xfrfofèk;ksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gS] vkSj GeM IysVQ‚eZ ds
ekè;e ls ljdkj us bls ikjn'kÊ] çfrLièkÊ vkSj dq'ky cukus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA GeM ds ekè;e ls u
dsoy ljdkjh èku dh cpr gksrh gS] cfYd xq.koÙkk vkSj le; dh Hkh cpr gksrh gSA gkykafd] GeM dks
vkSj vfèkd çHkkoh cukus ds fy, rduhdh pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku] foØsrkvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh vkSj MsVk lqj{kk
tSls eqíksa ij è;ku nsuk vko';d gSA

fgeka'kq of'k"B
izc/a kd ¼lkexzh½
fuxe dk;kZy;] ubZ fnYyh

11
 ekbaMQqy ÃÇVx
dà ckj gesa ;g Hkh irk ugÈ pyrk gS fd geus D;k [kk;k] fdruk [kk;k vkSj
mldk 'kkjhfjd ifj.kke D;k gksrk gS\ vki D;k [kk jgs gS]a dc [kk jgs gSa vkSj fdl rjg
[kk jgs gSa ;g u dsoy vki ds lai.w kZ LokLF; cfYd ewM vkSj çksMfDVfoVh dks Hkh çHkkfor
djrk gS] blfy, dqN Hkh [kkus ls igys nks ckj lkspuk pkfg, fd vki D;k [kk,a vkSj
D;k ugÈ vkSj dc bl ds fy, vki ekbaMQqy ÃÇVx dj ldrs gS]a ;g vkidks vkids
lai.w kZ LokLF; ds çfr lpsr jgus ds fy, çksRlkfgr djrh gSA
ekbaMQqy ÃÇVx ;kuh lksple> dj [kkus dk eryc gS fd vki vius }kjk pqus x, Hkkstu dk vuqHko
djus vkSj mldk vkuan ysus ds fy, viuh lHkh 'kkjhfjd vkSj HkkoukRed bafæ;ksa dk mi;ksx dj jgs gSa rkfd
vki vfèkd vkuannk;d Hkkstu dk vuqHko vkSj [kkus ds ekgkSy dh le> dks c<+kok nsAa
vktdy HkkxnkSM+ okyh ykbQLVkby esa vDlj ge tYnh&tYnh Hkkstu djrs gSAa ge Hkkstu dks vPNh
rjg pck dj ugÈ [kkrs gSa vkSj lkFk gh Vhoh ;k eksckby ns[krs gq, [kkuk [kkrs gSa ftlds pyrs dà ckj gesa
;g Hkh irk ugÈ pyrk gS fd geus D;k&D;k [kk;k] fdruk [kk;k vkSj mldk VsLV dSlk gS\ ifj.kke ;g gksrk
gS fd ge u flQZ eksVs gksrs tkrs gSa cfYd fdlh dke dks djus esa ,sutsZfVd Hkh eglwl ugÈ djrs gSa ftlds
dkj.k ikpu ls lacfa èkr leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS vkSj ge vLoLFk eglwl djrs gSAa
ekbaMQqy ÃÇVx D;k gS
ekbaMQqy ÃÇVx ,d rjg dk MkbV LVkby gSA bl MkbV dk eq[; mís'; [kkus ds lkFk ,d csgrjhu
fj'rk cukuk gSA tSlk fd ge lHkh tkurs gSa [kkuk ge lHkh ds thou dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ fgLlk gksrk gS ftldk
vlj iwjs 'kjhj ij iM+rk gSA tc ge eSfMVs'ku dks 'kkfey djrs gq, viuh MkbV ysrs gSa ;k dqN Hkh [kkrs
gSa rks ,slk djus dks ekbaMQqy ÃÇVx dgk tkrk gSA bl ÃÇVx LVkby dks 'kjhj ds fy, dkQh ykHknk;d ekuk
tkrk gSA ;g fo'ks"k MkbV ÃÇVx LVkby] fMlvkSMZj] fMçS'ku vkSj ,sXa tkbVh tSlh leL;kvksa dks Bhd djus esa
cgqr ykHknk;d ekuk tkrk gSA
ekbaMQqy ÃÇVx ds fy, viuk,a ;s LVSIl
z [kkuk èkhjs&èkhjs vkSj pckpck dj [kk,aA
z [kkuk [kkrs le; bySDVª‚fud vkbVEl tSl& s Vhoh ;k eksckby dk mi;ksx u djsa rkfd fMLVªSD'ku u gks
lds vkSj vki iwjk è;ku [kkus ij Qksdl dj ldsAa
z [kkuk [kkrs le; [kkus dh lqxèa k] vkokt] jax] VSDLpj vkfn ds ckjs esa eglwl djsAa
z [kkus ds le; fdlh Hkh rjg ds ruko dks dkcw esa djus dh dksf'k'k djsAa
z viuh ekufld vkSj 'kkjhfjd lsgr ds fglkc ls [kkuk [kkuk] ftlls ,d cSyl as cukus esa lQy gks ldsa
lkFk gh ;g le> ysa fd fdl rjg dh pht ;k [kkuk vkids 'kjhj vkSj ewM dks fdl rjg çHkkfor djrk gSA
ekbaMQqy ÃÇVx ds Qk;ns
z vkids ewM ds lkFk&lkFk ekufld lsgr Hkh vPNh jgsxh vkSj vki fMçS'ku vkSj ,sXa tkbVh vkfn ls nwj
jg ik,axAs
z vkids 'kjhj vkSj fnekx ds chp dE;qfuds'ku c<+x
s kA

12
z dkSfULVis'ku ls tqMh+ leL;kvksa esa lqèkkj gksrk gSA
z otu fu;af=r gksrk gSA
z blls vugSYnh phtsa [kkus dh vknr esa lqèkkj gksrk gSA
z ekbaMQqy ÃÇVx dh enn ls ge vius 'kjhj vkSj eu dks le> vkSj lqu ldrs gSAa vkf[kj bl MkbV
dks viukdj dSlk eglwl dj jgs gSa vkSj bldk vkids 'kjhj ij D;k çHkko iM+ jgk gSA
gj Hkkstu] MkbV ;k vkgkj vkSj odZvkmV :Vhu gj fdlh ds fy, vyx rjg ls dke djrk gSA blfy,
vkgkj ;k odZvkmV pquus ls igys vius y{;ksa dks fuèkkZfjr djuk egÙoiw.kZ gSA
jf'e dkSf'kd
o- dk;kZy; lgk;d ¼jktHkk"kk½
fuxe dk;kZy;] uà fnYyh

fganh esa çoh.krk rFkk dk;Zlk/kd Kku

1- çoh.krk
fdlh deZpkjh dks Çgnh esa çoh.krk j[kus okyk ekuk tk,xk ;fn%&
d- mlus eSfVªdqy's ku ;k dksà led{k ;k mPprj ijh{kk fgUnh ekè;e ls mÙkh.kZ dh gks( ;k
[k- mlus fMxzh ijh{kk esa vFkok fMxzh ijh{kk ds lerqY; vFkok mlls mPprj fdlh vU; ijh{kk
esa fgUnh dks ,sfPNd fo"k; ds :i esa fy;k gks( vFkok
x- og bu fu;eksa ls mikc) ç:i esa ;g ?kks"k.kk djrk gS fd og fgUnh esa çoh.k gSA
2- dk;Zlkèkd
1- fdlh deZpkjh dks Çgnh dk dk;Zlkèkd Kku çkIr dj fy;k gqvk ekuk tk,xk &
v- ;fn og ikl gks x;k gS &
i- eSfVªdqy's ku ;k led{k ;k mPprj ijh{kk ftlesa Çgnh ,d fo"k; jgk gks( ;k
ii- dsUæh; ljdkj dh fgUnh f'k{k.k ;kstuk ds vUrxZr vk;ksftr çkK ijh{kk ;k fdlh fo'ks"k
Js.kh ds inksa ds lEcUèk esa ljdkj }kjk ,slk fofuÆn"V fd;s tkus ij ml ;kstuk ds vUrxZr
dksà fuEurj ijh{kk( ;k
iii- dsUæh; ljdkj }kjk bl lacèa k esa fuÆn"V dksà vU; ijh{kk( ;k
c- ;fn og bu fu;eksa ls mikc) ç:i esa ;g ?kksf"kr djrk gS fd mlus ,slk Kku vÆtr dj
fy;k gSA

13
 ^eSa&eSa dh vknr dj nsxh
lHkh ls vyx Fkyx
n;k vkSj d#.kk euq"; dks laons u'khy cukrh gSA n;kyq O;fä dHkh fdlh dks
nq%[kh ugÈ ns[k ldrkA og lcds fgr esa dk;Z djrk gSA og bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku j[krk
gS fd mldh ckrsa fdlh ds ºzn; dks pksV u igqpk,¡A d#.kk lcls egku èkeZ gS vkSj
{kek lcls cM+k cyA lR; lcls mÙke ozr gS vkSj ijekRek ds rRo dk Kku gh loksZÙke
Kku gSA tks O;fä lkalkfjd oLrqvksa esa lq[k u [kkstdj ijekRek dks gh lq[k dk vkèkkj eku ldeZ vkSj Hkfä
esa yxk jgrk gS] og Lo;a laons u'khy cu tkrk gSA ,slk O;fä u rks nq%[kh jgrk gS vkSj u gh fujk'k gksrk
gSA ,sls gh O;fä ds ân; esa d#.kk vkSj jger dh Hkkouk iyrh gSA ,sls gh O;fä èkkÆed gksrs gSAa
èkeZxzFa k vkSj èkeZxq# Hkh dgrs gSa fd lHkh çkf.k;ksa esa Hkxoku dk okl gSA rks D;w¡ u Hkxoku dk Lo:i
ekudj lHkh çkf.k;ksa ls çse fd;k tk,A ;gh lh[k gekjs vanj laons u'khyrk Hkjrh gSA laons u'khyrk dk y{k.k
;gh gS fd vgadkj o'k dHkh fdlh ds çfr dksà vuqfpr O;ogkj gks tk, rks mls vius fouez O;ogkj ls larq"V
djus dk ç;kl djsAa blls vkfRed larqf"V vkSj lh[k dh vuqHkwfr gksrh gSA ysfdu tc dgk tkrk gS] eSa gh
lc dqN dj jgk gw¡ ;k lcds fy, dj jgk gw¡] rks ogk¡ vgadkj dk Hkko vkrk gSA ,slk dgus okyk O;fä
vyx&Fkyx iM+ tkrk gSA blfy, dgk x;k] vgadkj iru dk dkj.k gSA èkeZ vkSj vè;kRe bl ij vadq'k
yxkrs gSAa ;s ân; esa n;k vkSj d#.kk dk lapkj djrs gSAa
èkkÆed lan's kksa esa n;k dks vDlj ,d çdkj dh ÅtkZ ;k vkè;kfRed vuqHkwfr ds :i esa ns[kk x;k gSA
ysfdu n;k gekjs èkkÆed vkSj vkè;kfRed thou dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk dSls curh gSA n;k euq"; dk ,d
,slk xq.k gS ftlds lgkjs og Lo;a vkSj nwljksa ds lkFk xgjs vkSj lkFkZd lacèa k LFkkfir dj ldrk gSA n;k
euq"; esa nwljksa dh Hkkoukvksa vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks le>us dh {kerk fodflr djrh gSA blds ekè;e ls ge
lg;ksx vkSj lejlrk dks c<+kok nsdj lekt esa le`f) vkSj 'kkafr yk ldrs gSAa blls gekjs O;fäxr vkSj
lkewfgd thou esa ldkjkRed ifjorZu vkrk gSA ;g gesa ekuork dh lsok djus vkSj ÃÜoj ds fudV jgus dk
ekxZ fn[kkrk gSA
vU; thoksa ds çfr lgkuqHkwfr ds Hkko dks vius thou dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk cukuk gSA blds fy, n;k ds
nwljs igyw vfHkeku dks de djuk gksxkA ,slk Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd vfHkeku dh tM+ esa iki dk Hkko iyrk
gSA blfy, gesa vius 'kjhj esa çk.k jgus rd n;k Hkko dk iks"k.k djrs jguk pkfg,A lgkuqHkwfr ,d ekuoh;
xq.k gS] nwljksa ds çfr bl Hkko dks j[kus ls gekjk eu fueZy gks tkrk gS] nwljksa dh rjôh ns[kdj Ã";kZ ugÈ
cfYd eu esa larks"k dk Hkko iSnk gks rks ;g viuk ykHk gSA Ã'oj ls ;gh dkeuk gksuh pkfg, çHkq ge ij rqEgkjh
n;k n`f"V cuh jgs vkSj gekjh çkFkZuk iwjh nqfu;k ds dY;k.k ds fy, gksA ;gh olqèkSo dqVcqa de~ dh voèkkj.kk
gSA

lfpu 'kekZ
dk;kZy; lgk;d ¼ekuo lalkèku½
fuxe dk;kZy;] uà fnYyh

14
 fut Hkk"kk % jk"VªHkk"kk iaNh
fgUnh lEiw.kZ Hkk"kk gS] ge bl dk eeZ ugÈ le>s] bu mM+rs iÇjnks ls rks iwNks dgk¡ tk jgs gS]a
blesa dqN Hkh lkbysVa ugÈ] fgUnh dh fcUnh Hkh cksyAs gks lds rks gesa mM+k ys pys] tgk¡ tk jgs gSAa
[kqys vkleku ds uhps okfn;ksa ds chp ls tks utkjs ns[k
esjk eu ;s dgrk gS] vUreZu ;s dgrk gS] jgs gS]a
fd fgUnh jk"VªHkk"kk gS] ;s gh tu tu dh Hkk"kk gSA
gesa Hkh rks fn[kk,] ge tSls yksx Åij ls dSls utj vk
djsa ge Kku dh ckrs]a ;k gksa foKku dh ckrs]a jgs gSAa
fcuk fut Hkk"kk ds cy ij] dgÈ dqN gks ugÈ ldrkA
lqcg viuh gh rjg] [kkus dh ryk'k esa HkVdrs gS]a
vaèksjk gksrs gh] fdlh isM+ dh ixMaMh ij vius vki dks
dksà Hkh jk"Vª mUufr ds f'k[kj dks Nw ugÈ ldrk]
laHkkyrs gSAa
fcuk fut Hkk"kk ds dksà Hkh vkxs c<+ ugÈ ldrkA
dksà ?kj ugÈ] dksà fBdkuk ugÈ] fQj Hkh csfQØh ;wa gh]
;s gh _f"k;ksa dh Hkk"kk gS] ;s gh larksa dh Hkk"kk gS]
;s bd ,slh dM+h gS ftlus lcdks tksM+ j[kk gSA lc esa tks'k Hkj nsrs gSAa
;g iaNh gS ekfyd] NksV& s cM+s gh lgh] vius tSlksa dks
tks rqe viukvksxs fgUnh] rqEgkjk eku c<+ tk,] dHkh vdsyk ugÈ NksMr+ ]s
pkgsa in dksà gks ysfdu rqEgkjk dn c<+ tk,A ,d VqdM+k gh lgh] [kq'kh&[kq'kh mldks gh ryk'krs gSAa
tks viuh jk"VªHkk"kk dk lnk lEeku djrk gS] viuh eafty feyus rd] ;wa gh eqlkfQj fQjrs gS]a
oks lPps vFkZ esa Lojk"Vª dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA
;s iaNh gS ekfyd] ;wa gh fQt+k esa mM+rs utj vkrs gSAa
gj jkst uà Åapkb;ksa dks Nwdj] fQj mM+ku Hkjrs utj
feJh lh ehBh gks] ;k ued lh [kkjh gks]
vkrs gSAa
fut Hkk"kk I;kjh gks] igpku gekjh gksA

lqfou oÆxl
v{kr tkSgjh
lgk;d çcaèkd ¼lkexzh½]
lfpoh; lgk;d ¼ek-la-½
Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] dksydkrk
fuxe dk;kZy;

15
 dfBu o eqf'dy dke

fdlh us eq>ls iwN fy;k dh nqfu;k esa lcls mu nhokjksa ij ljdrs cw<s+ gkFkksa dks ns[k---
eqf'dy dke D;k gS\ viuk cpiu ;kn vkrk gS]
dfBu loky Fkk esjs fy,]
vkSj--- esjk fny Hkj vkrk gSA
dqN nsj lkspdj eSua s tokc fn;k---
D;w¡ cks> gks tkrs gSa oks >qds gq, daèks lkgc]
nqfu;k dk eqf'dy dke gS] ftu ij p<+ dj dHkh rqe vkSj eSa nqfu;k ns[kk djrs
viuh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus vius ekrk firk dks cw<k+ gksrs Fks----
ns[kuk---
vkt oks larku ekrk firk cw<k+ NksMd
+ j]
dqnjr ds bl fy[ks dks pkgdj Hkh Vky ugÈ ikrs] viuh larku dks egRo nsrs gS]a
vk¡[kksa ls vuns[kk Hkh dj ugÈ ikrsA
vkSj--- esjk fny Hkj vkrk gSA
>qfjZ;ksa ls Hkjrs psgjs esa clk ---
var esa ;gh dgw¡xh fny dh xgjkb;ksa esa ,d lcd
viuk cpiu ;kn vkrk gS---
lh[kk gS]
fcuk ek¡ cki ds lkjk thou Qhdk gS---
vkSj--- esjk fny Hkj vkrk gSA

vkSj--- esjk fny Hkj vkrk gSA

maxyh idM+ dj eq>s pyuk fl[kkus okys]
tc [kqn nks dne Hkh py ugÈ ikrs---

mudh ykBh dh etcwrh ns[k--

viuk cpiu ;kn vkrk gS]

vkSj--- esjk fny Hkj vkrk gSA vuqHkk lwn ekxks

i;Zo{s kd ¼vkj,e½]
esjs yM+[kM+krs dneksa dks lgkjk nsus okys] fuxe dk;kZy;] ubZ fnYyh
tc nhokjksa esa lgkjk ryk'krs gS]a

16
 viuh jkg&,d Qwy dh dgkuh ¼Lojfpr½

,d Qwy gS] f[kysxk HkhA uk dksà lhek] uk dksà caèku]

,d Qwy gS] egdsxk HkhAA cl viuh èkqu es]a oks vkt+kn gSA ¼5½
uk oks jksdrk egdus ls [k+qn dksA
uk oks tkrk trkus viuh egd dksAA ¼1½ ,d Qwy gS] f[kysxk HkhA
,d Qwy gS] egdsxk HkhAA
èkwi es]a Nkao es]a gj ekSle es]a uk oks jksdrk egdus ls [k+qn dksA
viuh jkg ij] oks pyrk gSA uk oks tkrk trkus viuh egd dksAA ¼6½
uk f'kdok] uk f'kdk;r]
vius LoHkko es]a oks iyrk gSA ¼2½ bl thou ds lQj es]a
rw Hkh ,d Qwy cu tkA
lgtrk mldh igpku gS] ek= lR; rsjk vfLrRo gS]
lknxh mldk LokfHkeku gSA tgk¡ gS ogk¡ iw.kZ gks tkA ¼7½
uk fn[kkos dk dksà LFkku gS]
cl vius gksus dk çek.k gSA ¼3½ lPpkà dh Å¡pkà rd igqpa ]
viuh vkRek dh vkokt+ lquA
ç—fr ds lax] oks feyrk gS] lgh deZ dh jkg pqu]
gj tho ls] oks fgy&feyrk gSA cl dksjs dkxt+kas esa jax HkjA ¼8½
uk fdlh ls vkxs] uk fdlh ls ihNs]
cl viuh ;k=k es]a oks eXu gSA ¼4½ rw ,d Qwy gS] f[kysxk HkhA
rw ,d Qwy gS] egdsxk HkhAA
gj ia[k es]a mldk lkj gS] uk jksd viuh egd dks]
gj egd es]a mldk I;kj gSA uk tk trkus viuh ped dksAA ¼9½

lksfud xxZ
lgk;d çcaèkd ¼foi.ku½]
fuxe dk;kZy;] ubZ fnYyh

17
 èkU; gS èkjk rwA

dc èkjk gqà mRiUu] ;s o`{k gSa mlds gkFk]

ge lc tkurs gSAa ftls dkV jgs gSa geA
lfn;ksa iqjkuh gSa oks] pqipki lg jgh oks] lc]
;g ckr ekurs gSAa ;s tqYe vkSj ;s flreA

eSa vkt ;gka vk;k ugÈ] gS ?kksj] çnw"k.k Nk;k]

dgus mldh dgkuhA ns[kks] ^Xykscy okÉex dh ek;kA
ij vkt ckr dqN vyx gS] vk x;k gSa vc oks le;]
èkjrh dh O;Fkk mlh dh tqckuh] lkjh l`f"V dks gS Hk;A

;g ogh èkU; èkjk gS]a vc gesa gh dqN djuk gS]a

ftlus nh gesa ÇtnxkuhA cl èkjk dks gSa cpkukA
fcu iwNs fcu dgs gh] i`Foh jgs lqjf{kr]
ge ij j[ks fuxjkuhA blh esa gS]a gekjk fgrA

;s Qwy] isM+ vkSj Qy] gkFk ls gkFk feykvks]

;s >hy] unh vkSj ugjA vkSj dj yks iwjh rS;kjhA
;s ioZr] o`{k l?ku] vc can djks ^ysuk*
lkjk gS mlh dk èkuA vkà gSa nsus dh ^ckjh*

vius gh LokFkZ ds dkj.k] ykSVk,a bl Hkwfe dks]

ge vius fxjkrs ceA mldk [kks;k ;kSouA
D;k geus dHkh lkspk gS\ mlds lkFk >wex s k]
D;k dgrk gS]a mldk eu\ èkjrh dk ;s miouA

bl LoxZ lh lqna j èkjk dks]

geus dq:i cuk;kA iqjsaæ Çprkef.k nqcs]
mldh lqna jrk Nhuh] ofj"B ç;ksx'kkyk lgk;d ¼ij[k½]
[kqn dks eksgd cuk;kA Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky eqca Ã

18
 dke dks cks> u le>sa
euq"; dh vkarfjd vfHkO;fä mlds dke djus dh yxu vkSj Hkkouk ls gh ij[kh
tk ldrh gSA ;g tkuus ds fy, fd ;g dk;Z mls ilan gS fd ugÈ] mldh xfrfofèk;ksa
ij ,d n`f"V Mkfy,A mRlkgiwod Z fd;k gqvk deZ ;g O;ä djrk gS fd ml O;fä dh
vfHk#fp mlesa gSA vuqRlkg vkSj f'kfFkyrk] deZ ds çfr v#fp dk Hkko ifjyf{kr djrs
gSAa ftl dk;Z ls gesa I;kj gksrk gS] mldk ifj.kke 'kh?kz ikus ds fy, oSlh gh rRijrk
Hkh gksrh gSA mruh gh QqrÊ vkSj mRlkg Hkh gksrk gSA th djrk gS fd fdruh tYnh bls lekIr djsa vkSj bldk
lq[kn ifj.kke çkIr djsAa deZ dk lq[k oLrqr% mldh yxu] Hkkouk vkSj fu"Bk esa gh gSA
mRlkgiwod Z laiUu fd, x, deZ çQqYyrk ns tkrs gS]a Çdrq vuqRlkgiwod
Z dke djus ls fujk'kk] {kksHk
vkSj vlQyrk gh gkFk yxrh gSA ftl dke dks cks> le>dj djsx a ]s mlesa eu yxsxk gh ugÈA çfl)
fopkjd LosV ekMsuZ us fy[kk gS& Þeuq"; dh vlQyrk,¡ ijekRek dh nsu ugÈ] mldh futh iSnkb'k gksrh
gSAa Þ ;g ckr v{kj'k% lR; çrhr gksrh gSA dke djus dh ,d Hkkouk gksuh pkfg,& mR—"V vkSj fo'kky
HkkoukA vkidk vkRefoÜokl ;g dgrk gks fd ge bl dk;Z dks djds gh NksMx as+ ]s blesa vkRefgr gS vkSj
iq#"kkFkZ gS rks vki lp ekfu, ml dk;Z esa vkidks vlhe vkuan vk,xkA
dekà djrs gq, tc ;g Hkkouk gksrh gS fd bl èku ls gekjs cPps fodflr gksx a ]s ifjokj] jkT; vkSj
jk"Vª le`) cusxk rks var%dj.k esa viwoZ 'kfä tkx`r gksrh gS] LokfHkeku mBrk gS vkSj çlUurk ls var%dj.k
Hkj tkrk gSA tc rd ge ;g vuqHko ugÈ djsa fd bl mÙkjnkf;Roiw.kZ dk;Z dk Js; Hkh gS] rc rd deZ
dk lkfÙod vkuan ugÈ fey ldrkA
euq"; dk thou ,d vkn'kZ deZ & fo|ky; gSA blesa uSf"Bd Lukrd os le>s tkrs gS]a tks deZ dks
thou&è;s; ekudj mls dq'kyrkiwoZd fuHkkrs gSAa fo|kFkÊ vPNs uacjksa ls mÙkh.kZ gksus dk ykHk rc ikrk gS]
tc og yxuiwod Z ] Hkkoukiwod
Z vè;;u&dk;ks± esa yxk jgrk gSA vkyL;iwod Z dk;Z djus ls rks ;gh vPNk
gS fd pqipki cSBs jgsAa 'kjhj dks f'kfFky vkSj fujk'k cukus dh vis{kk mls dqN nsj foJke ns ysuk vPNk
gSA vuqRlkg euq"; dh v;ksX;rk dk fpà gS] blls euq"; dh tks uSlÆxd fnO;rk gS] mldk yksi gksrk gSA
vkdka{kkvksa dh iwÆr ds fy, la?k"kZ }kjk viuh 'kfä;ksa dks O;ä djuk gh euq"; dk lPpk iq#"kkFkZ gSA ftlus
thou esa la?k"kZ u fd;k] ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls Vdjkdj ekuo thou dh fnO;rk u gkfly dh] Hkyk og Hkh dksÃ
vkneh gS\ euq"; og gS] tks dfBukb;ksa dks g¡l&g¡ldj xys yxkrk gSA ijs'kkfu;ksa ds rwQku dks mTToy
Hkfo"; dk çrhd ekudj muls tw> iM+rk gSA bu ohj iq=ksa ds fy, èkjrh ekrk dk vk¡py lnSo [kqyk gSA
os gj {ks= esa lQyrk gh çkIr djrs tkrs gSAa
,d vui<+ dqyh fnuHkj cks>k <ksdj 'kke rd pkj&ik¡p lkS #i;s dek ykrk gS rks D;k dkj.k gS fd
,d lqf'kf{kr O;fä fnuHkj esa rhu lkS #i;s Hkh ugÈ dek ikrk \ D;k ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks nks"k ns\a ugÈ] ;g
O;fä dh v;ksX;rk dk ifj.kke gSA dke dSlk Hkh D;ksa u gks! euq"; viuh ;ksX;rk ds dkj.k mls Å¡pk
fl) dj ldrk gSA dk;Z djus dh Hkkouk gh ml deZ dks cM+k vkSj O;fä dks vlkekU; cuk nsrh gSA
;g ns[kdj cM+h d#.kk mRiUu gksrh gS fd ijekRek dk ;qojkt euq"; ftls fojklr esa lSdM+kas vuqnku ijekRek
us fn, gS]a og Hkh nhurk dk thou;kiu djrk gSA deZ ls 'kfä;k¡ tkxzr gksrh gSAa deZ ls O;fäRo dk fuekZ.k

19
gksrk gSA deZ ls euq"; Å¡pk mBrk gSA ml deZ dh iwtk gh ijekRek dh lPph mikluk gSA bls Hkh mlh yxu
vkSj Hkkouk ls djuk pkfg,] ftl rjg ijekRek dh mikluk] J)k vkSj foÜokliwod Z djrs gSAa
fdlh ckr esa ukilanxh gS] mls djus dks th ugÈ djrk rks ;g ç;Ru djsa fd mlesa Hkh dgÈ&dksÃ
f'k{kkçn vkn'kZ ;k euksjt
a u miyCèk gks ldsA dà LFkkuksa ij fo|kÆFk;ksa us fjD'ks pykdj vius vè;;u iwjs
fd, gSAa blls lekt esa mudh çfr"Bk gh gqà gS] viuh ;ksX;rk c<+k ysus dk tks egku ykHk mUgsa feyk
lks rks vyx gS ghA
;g nqfu;k oSls gh cM+h uhjl gSA fcuk mís'; vkSj Hkkouk ls e'khu dh rjg dke djus ls bl thou
ds lkjs vkuan u"V gks tkrs gSAa vr% vko';drk ;g gS fd ;g thou dykiw.kZ <ax ls thus dk vH;kl
Mkyk tk,A dke pkgs tSlk gks viuh yxu ds }kjk lQyrk dh laHkkouk,¡ c<+k,¡ vkSj Hkkoukvksa ds }kjk
blesa ljlrk mRiUu djsAa cl] ;gh loksZÙke thou thus dk xq#ea= gSA bls vius thou esa fodflr dj
lds]a rks cl bl thou esa lQyrk&gh&lQyrk vkSj vkuan&gh&vkuan gSA

jktho 'kekZ
eq[; lqj{kk vfèkdkjh]
iwoZ lsokfuo`Ùk lgk;d lekns"Vk ¼lhek lqj{kk cy½
fuxe dk;kZy;
jktHkk"kk vfèkfu;e 1963 dh èkkjk ¼3½3 ds varxZr vfuok;Z :i ls f}Hkk"kh
tkjh fd, tkus okys dkxt+kr
1 lkekU; vkns'k General Orders
2 ladYi Resolution
3 ifji= Circulars
4 fu;e Rules
5 ç'kklfud ;k vU; çfrosnu Administrative or other reports
6 çsl foKfIr;ka Press Release/Communiques
7 lafonk,a Contracts
8 djkj Agreements
9 vuqKfIr;ka Licences
10 fufonk çk:i Tender Forms
11 vuqKk i= Permits
12 fufonk lwpuk,a Tender Notices
13 vfèklwpuk,a Notifications
14 laln ds le{k j[ks tkus okys Reports and documents to be laid
çfrosnu rFkk dkxt+ i= before the Parliament

20
 vn~Hkqr vaMeku ¼;k=k o`Ùkkar½
---ys[k ugÈ ,d vuqHko gS] Qjojh 2020 esa eSua s ,d vn~Hkqr ;k=k dk vuqHko fy;k
vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg ftls T+;knkrj guhewu diYl] jksekafVd xsVvos vkSj
dHkh&dHkh ikfjokfjd Nqfê;ksa ds fy, ,d xarO; ds :i esa yscy fd;k tkrk gSA
blfy, tc eSua s vius ikfjokfjd nksLrksa ds lkFk bl ckj vaMeku tkus dk QSlyk
fd;k] rks nksLrks]a ifjokj vkSj ifjfprksa dh rjQ+ ls dà cM+h mRlqd ut+jas vkb±A blds
vykok tc eSua s viuh ;k=k ds fy, 'kksèk djuk 'kq: fd;k rks eSua s ik;k fd cgqr de
vkSj fc[kjh gqà tkudkjh miyCèk FkhA
lcls igys crkuk pkgw¡xk fd vaMeku }hi rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gS& mÙkjh vaMeku] eè; vaMeku
vkSj nf{k.kh }hiA iksVZ Cys;j jktèkkuh vkSj lcls cM+k 'kgj nf{k.kh vaMeku esa fLFkr gS vkSj ;k=k ds fy,
vkèkkj LFkku gSA blfy, ;k=k dh vofèk dh ;kstuk cukrs le; è;ku j[ksa fd vaMeku i;ZVu esa cgqr dqN
gS vkSj ,d ;k=k fuf'pr :i ls lc dqN doj djus ds fy, i;kZIr ugÈ gksxhA eSa vaMeku blfy, dg
jgk gw¡ D;ksfa d fudksckj }hi lewg vke turk ;k fdlh Hkh i;ZVd xfrfofèk ds fy, çfrcafèkr gS D;ksfa d
ogk¡ jgus okys vfèkdka'k yksx vkfnoklh gSAa
geus Qjojh ds nkSjku viuh ;k=k dh ;kstuk cukà FkhA tc FkksMh+ xeÊ gksrh gS ysfdu chp ij gesa
dkQh jkgr feyhA vaMeku ?kweus dk vkn'kZ le; uoacj ls ekpZ ds chp gS tc ekSle de vkæZ gksrk gS
vkSj vki lHkh ty [ksyksa dk vkuan ys ldrs gSAa
gekjk igyk fnu% 'kq: gqvk eqca à ls vaMeku ds fy,A geus dusÇDVx gokà ;k=k yh] eqca Ã&psUuÃ&&iksVZ
Cys;jA bldk dkj.k gokà tgkt dk fVdV de yxrkA ge nksigj esa ohj lkojdj varjkZ"Vªh; gokà vìs]
iksVZ Cys;j igq¡ps vkSj lhèks vius gkseLVs dh vksj py iM+s D;ksfa d gekjh yxHkx lHkh mM+kusa dusÇDVx FkÈ
vkSj ge 7&8 ?kaVs ls T+;knk le; ls ;k=k dj jgs FksA geus lkspk fd igys FkksMk+ vkjke djuk csgrj gksxkA
iksVZ Cys;j ,d NksVk 'kgj gS tgk¡ lc dqN 7&10 fdyksehVj ds nk;js esa dsfa ær gSA ftl {k.k geus ml
}hi ij iSj j[kk-] og utkjk vfoÜoluh; Fkk!
lsY;wyj tsy
tSl& s tSls ge vaMeku ?kwers gS]a oSls gesa mlds çfr çse c<+rk gSA ;gk¡ ttuh ekrk us fny [kksy ds viuk
[ktkuk yqVk;k gSA vaMeku dks brus I;kj ls dqnjr us cuk;k fd bl u;ujE; fBdk.k dk u'kk rc mrjrk
gS]a tc ge vkrs gSa lsY;qyj tsy es!a 'kke dks 6&7 ds nkSjku ykÃV ,aM lkÅaM 'kks gSA bl 'kks esa lkÅaM
vkSj nhokj ij çf{kr fp=ksa }kjk ÇgnqLrku dk bfrgkl nksgjk;k tkrk gSA
,d yksgs dh tkyh okys njokts ls dà cqtks± okys bl okLrq esa ge ços'k djrs gSAa yxHkx 20 dne
pyus ij nkfguh vksj ,d ihiy dk o`{k gSA bl ihiy dks ;gka *dkyiq#"k* ekuk tkrk gSA ck;È vksj dkys
ikuh dh ltk ikus okys ohj lkojdj th dk Lekjd ,oa v[kaM tyrh gqà vej T;ksr gSA 10&15 dne
pyus ij fn[kkà nsrk gSA Lokra«; yM+kà yM+us okys fgUnqLrkuh dSfn;ksa ds [kwu&ilhus ls rS;kj fd;k gqvk
fugRFks dkys iRFkj dk lsY;qyj tsy!
lp dgsa rks vU; fgUnqLrkuh okLrq dh rjg ;g Hkh vaxt
zs ksa dh ,d vçfre HksVa gSA eè; Hkkx esa ,d

21
euksjk] ftlesa ls fudyus okyh lkr 'kk[kk bl çdkj dh ;s tsy gj ,d 'kk[kk esa rhu ekys vkSj og bôhl
dksBfj;kaA ;kfu ,d cktw ls nwljh cktw tkuk gks rks eè; Hkkx dk euksjk ikj djds gh tkuk gSA ;g rhu
eaftyk tsy 7 drkjksa esa cukà xà Fkh] ftlesa 694 dksBfj;ka FkÈA 15 xquk 8 QhV dh bu dksBfj;ksa esa 3 ehVj
dh Åapkà ij ,d jks'kunku Fkk] ftlls flQZ leqæ gh fn[kkà nsrk FkkA ;gka ls Hkkxus ds ckjs esa dksà dSnh
lksp Hkh ugÈ ikrk FkkA bruh [kjkc ifjfLFkfr esa lkojdj th us *deyk* uked vfrlqna j egkdkO; fy[kkA
;gka dk gj ,d iRFkj bl ckr dk ewd xokg gSAa lkojdj th ,d egku lkfgfR;d FksA ogk¡ dksBjh esa
dkxt&isu ugÈ Fkk rks mUgksua s iRFkjksa ls tsy dh nhokjksa ij dkO; fy[kkA ohj lkojdj dks lsY;qyj tsy
esa bruh ;kruk,a nh xà FkÈ fd mUgsa ukfj;y ds fNydksa ls rsy fudkyus ds fy, dksYgw esa cSy dh rjg
tksr fn;k tkrk FkkA dqN nsj vkjke djus ds fy, cSBus ij csra o dksMk+ as ls ihVk tkrk FkkA lkojdj 4
tqykÃ] 1911 ls 21 eÃ] 1921 rd iksVZ Cys;j dh Hk;kog dksBjh esa jgsA fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj th dks
ftl dksBjh esa dSn j[kk x;k Fkk] mlls dqN nwj ij gh ,d dksBjh esa muds lxs Hkkà dks Hkh vaxt zs
vfèkdkfj;ksa us dSn fd;k Fkk] ysfdu lkyksa rd lkojdj th dks ;g Hkud ugÈ yxus nh fd mudk HkkÃ
Hkh cxy esa dSn gSA

nwljs fnu% geus gSoy‚d }hi ij vius nks fnolh; çokl ds fy, psd vkmV fd;kA geus lqcg 8 cts
jokuk gksus okys Øwt+ dks v‚uykbu cqd fd;k Fkk& gesa iksVZ Cys;j ls gSoy‚d igqp ¡ us esa nks ?kaVs yxsA tSls
gh vki Øwt+ ls mrjrs gS]a vki ns[ksx
a s lkQ+&uhyk vkleku] lQ+ns ikuh] ukoks&
a Q+js h vkSj [kqn dks ,d fo'kky
m".k dfVcaèkh; }hi ls çHkkfor gksrs gq;s geus vius fjlksVZ esa psd bu fd;k tks tsVh ls eqf'dy ls 10
feuV dh iSny nwjh ij FkkA
'kke dks ge lw;kZLr ns[kus ds fy, jkèkkuxjh chp ¼ftls chpksa dk gSoy‚d@#7 Hkh dgk tkrk gS½ dh
vksj py iM+s vkSj ogk¡ ds ,d jsLVksja Va esa fMuj djus dh ;kstuk cukÃA jkèkkuxjh tSlk chp eSua s igys dHkh
ugÈ ns[kkA eqyk;e lQ+ns jsr] fo'kky m".kdfVcaèkh; isM+ ,d nqt; Zs N= vkSj 'kq) ikuh cukrs gSAa ge eq[;
cktkj ls nwj pyus yxs D;ksfa d ogk¡ vfèkd HkhM+ Fkh vkSj ;g can gksus dk le; Hkh FkkA lw;kZLr ds ckn
fdlh dks Hkh tkus dh vuqefr ugÈ gS] ysfdu ge nwj tkus esa dke;kc jgs vkSj jsLVksjVa tkus ls igys ;gk¡

22
dkQh 'kkafriw.kZ le; fcrk;k] tks ;knxkj jgsxkA
rhljk fnu% lqcg ge eksVj cksV ls ,yhQsVa chp ij x, D;ksfa d eq[; 'kgj ls bl chp dks tksMu+ s
okyh dksà lM+d ugÈ gSA ;g chp lHkh ty ØhM+kvksa dh is'kd'k djrk gS D;ksfa d ikuh 'kkar gS ysfdu ;gk¡
cgqr HkhM+HkkM+ Hkh gSA 'kke dks ge dkykikFkj chp ij x,& 2004 dh lqukeh ds nkSjku rVjs[kk cg xà Fkh
vkSj blfy, vkidks fxjs gq, isMk+ as ds rus feysx
a s ysfdu ;gh bls vkSj Hkh 'kkunkj cukrs gSAa
pkSFkk fnu% geus gSoy‚d ls psd vkmV fd;k vkSj vius vxys xarO;&uhy }hi ds fy, ukSdk yh]
;g gSoy‚d ls Hkh NksVk gS] ysfdu cgqr de HkhM+HkkM+ okyk gS vkSj ikuh bruk lkQ gS fd vki leqæ rV
ls dksjy ns[k ldrs gSAa rhu eq[; leqæ rV gS&
a y{e.kiqj chp] Hkjriqj chp vkSj lhrkiqj chpA ge Hkjriqj
chp ij dksjy fczt ns[kus x,& ;g pêku ls cuk ,d çk—frd iqy gSA y{e.kiqj chp ij lQsn jsr gS
vkSj ;g 'kke dks yach lSj ds fy, ,dne lgh gSA
ik¡pok¡ fnu% t‚yh c‚; mu 15 }hiksa esa ls ,d gS tks egkRek xkaèkh jk"Vªh; m|ku cukrs gSa vkSj ;g
iksVZ Cys;j ls ,d ?kaVs dh Mªkbo ij okaMjw leqæ rV ds fdukjs fLFkr gS blfy, ge lqcg 5 cts gksVy ls
fudys] D;ksfa d gesa lqcg 6%30 cts rd jk"Vªh; m|ku igq¡puk FkkA geus xfrfofèk v‚uykbu cqd dh Fkh
D;ksfa d vkidks ,d fnu igys ijfeV çkIr djus dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj ge ijs'kkuh esa ugÈ iM+uk
pkgrs FksA t‚yh c‚; }hi ij tkus ls igys] yksxksa dks lHkh IykfLVd oLrqvksa dh lwph tek djuh gksrh gS
D;ksfa d ;g IykfLVd fuf"k) {ks= gSA
vki ,d NksVh lh ukSdk ds ekè;e ls t‚yh c‚; rd igqp ¡ rs gS]a ftl ij ,d ckj esa 30&40 yksx lokj
gksrs gSAa ge ckn esa Msd ij Åij tkus esa dke;kc jgs vkSj pkjksa vksj ds vn~Hkqr n`'; dk vkuan fy;kA
,slk yxrk gS fd nqfu;k dk var gks x;k gS] dksà cLrh ugÈ gS vkSj pkjksa vksj dsoy ?kus taxy gSAa tc
ge ogk¡ igq¡ps rks gesa lcls igys ,d Xykl cksV dh lokjh ds fy, ys tk;k x;k] tgk¡ vki Xykl cksV
ds ekè;e ls ikuh ds uhps ds dksjy ns[k ldrs gSAa
NBk fnu% u‚FkZ cs chp ,f'k;k ds leqæ esa ?kweus ds fy, lcls vPNh txg gS u‚FkZ cs vkbySM
a leqna j
ds chpksca hp ,d vkSj lqna j }hi ;gk¡ lhQwM+ vPNk feyrk gSA u‚FkZ cs }hi ij fLFkr ykbVgkml dh rLohj
chl #i, ds uksV ij gSA ;fn vki Lu‚dZÇyx djus dh ;kstuk cuk jgs gSa rks esjk lq>ko gS fd u‚FkZ cs
vkbySMa ;k t‚yh c‚; vkbySM a tk,¡ D;ksfa d ;gk¡ dk vuqHko dgh csgrj gSA
blds ckn geus ns[kk fpfM+;k Vkiw] vkSj ekmaV gSfj;V] v‚by feYl] usrkth xSyjh] j‚l vkSj fLeFk
}hi] ykax vkbySM
a ] okbij }hi] leqfædk ejhu E;wft;e ;gk¡ dkQh le; fcrk;kA ;gk dsoy egRoiw.kZ
LFky dk mYys[k fd;k bldk mís'; viuh O;Lr fnup;kZ ls vkjke djuk vkSj ,d lqduw Hkjh ;k=k djuk
FkkA vxj vki vaMeku ?kweus vk jgs gSa rks cgqr lkjh txgsa gSa ftUgsa vki vius ;k=k dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey
dj ldrs gSAa tkjok tutkfr;ka] feêh ds Tokykeq[kh vkSj pwuk iRFkj dh xqQkvksa ds fy, çfl) gSAa
ckjkVkax }hi viuh eSxa zkos [kkfM+;kau tkus dh lykg nwx
a kA ogh gSoy‚d esa ,d jkr #duk uk HkwyAs
ogk¡ ls g‚Vsy igqp
a dj ge fudys gokà tgkt ls iksVZ Cys;j ls psUuÃA tc vkleku ls vaMeku tkrs
le; ns[kk rks cl vka[kksa esa lesVuk ckdh FkkA vc rks vaMeku ÞfQj lsÞ tkus dk fopkj gh jksekapdkjh gSA
t; dkojs] cqfy;u ys[kkiky
Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] eqca Ã
23
 efLr"d dh 'kfä;ka

gekjk efLr"d lcls cM+k bPNkiwÆr o`{k gSA blls vki tks Hkh ekax]as og mldh
iwÆr esa yx tk,xkA blfy, blls dHkh Hkh udkjkRed u ekaxas vkSj eu esa lnSo vPNs
fopkj vkSj ldkjkRedrk dks LFkku nsAa ;wa rks fopkj Lora= :i esa dksà 'kfä ugÈ
j[krs] ysfdu tc ge lfØ; :i ls viuk è;ku mu ij yxkrs gSa rc os okLrfod
utj vkus yxrs gSAa blfy, è;ku j[ksa fd ge D;k lksprs gSAa ys[kd vyZ ukbÇVxsy
ds vuqlkj *ge ogh curs gS]a tks ge lksprs gSAa *
gekjs eu esa ,d fnu esa brus lkjs fopkj vkrs gSa fd dHkh&dHkh ,slk eglwl gksrk gS tSls os gekjs
efLr"d ij gkoh gks x, gSAa ;fn ge vius fopkjksa dks fu;af=r djus dk ç;kl ugÈ djrs gSa rks gekjs
vokafNr fopkj gekjs lexz dY;k.k ij udkjkRed çHkko Mky ldrs gSAa dksà Hkh pht gesa mruk uqdlku
ugÈ igqp a k ldrh ftrus fd vfu;af=r fopkjA blfy, eu ds cxhps ls le;&le; ij [kjirokj gVkrs
jgsa vkSj LoLFk fopkj cks,]a ftlls gekjs thou dk fuekZ.k gjk& Hkjk cuk jgsA ;kn jgs fd efLr"d dh
'kfä;ka lw;Z dh fdj.kksa ds leku gSAa tc ;s 'kfä;ka dsfa ær gksrh gSa rks ped mBrh gSAa
gekjk efLr"d l`tukRed gksuk pkfg, rkfd og ekuo dh Hkykà esa mÙke dk;Z dj lds vkSj vius
thou ds mís'; dks lkFkZd dj ldsA ,sls efLr"d fopkjksa ij ppkZ djrs gSa tcfd vkSlr efLr"d ?kVukvksa
vkSj NksVk lksp okys efLr"d yksxksa ds fo"k; esa ppkZ djrs gSAa efLr"d esa fopkjksa dk VªSfQd ftruk de
gksxk] thou dh ;k=k mruh gh lqxe ,oa lq[kn gksxhA BaMk fnekx vkSj ÅtkZ ls Hkjk gqvk ân; thou
dh lHkh my>us feVk nsrk gS] ysfdu tc efLr"d detksj gksrk gS rc ifjfLFkfr;ka leL;k cu tkrh gSAa
tc efLr"d fLFkj gksrk gS] rc ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vuqdy w ,oa vklku cu tkrh gSAa tc efLr"d etcwr gksrk
gS] rHkh ifjfLFkfr;ka volj cu ikrh gSAa

ç'kkar ekS;Z
d- dk;kZy; lgk;d
fuxe dk;kZy;] ubZ fnYyh

24
 jhfr dkO; esa ?kukuan dh
dfork dk LFkku

jhfr dkO; lkearh O;oLFkk ds fo—r :i dh çR;{k çfrNk;k gSA jhfr dkO; dk
lacèa k fuEu oxZ ls ugÈ gS D;ksfa d bl dky dh ukf;dk [ksr esa dke djrh gqà ;k xkscj
ikFkrh gqà L=h ugÈ gSA bl dky dh dfork dk lacèa k ckn'kkgks]a jktkvksa vkSj lkearksa
dh dke {kqèkk dh iwÆr ls FkkA jhfr dkO; peRdkjokn] dykokn vkSj 'kjhjokn dk çcy
leFkZd gSA
jhfr dkO; dh lkearh njckjh ço`fr ds dkj.k foykflrk dk vkxeu LokHkkfod gS vkSj bl foykflrk
dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk bldk [kks[kyk oSHko çn'kZu gSA inekdj ds 'kCnksa esa jhfr dkO; lst] lqjkgh] lqjk
vkSj I;kys dh dfork gS tgka yfyr ØhMkvksa dk foykl var%iqj esa xwta rk gSA
jhfrdky esa efnjk vkSj ukjh dh fo—r foykflrk esa iwjk ns'k xdZ FkkA 'kjhj dk Hkksx gh lc dqN cu
x;k FkkA lSfudksa ds lkFk gh dkenso dh lsuk,a Hkh pyrh FkhA fcgkjh ds bl nksgs ls 'kjhjokn dk Lo:i
Li"V fn[krk gS %&
rft rhjFk gfj jkfèkdk] ru æqfr dj vuqjkxA
tsfg czt dsfy fudqat ex] ix & ix gksr ç;kxAA
vykSfddrk ds vkoj.k esa ;k jkèkk & —".k ds çse ds cgkus dfo dh dforkà vius ekaly euksHkkoksa
dh fo—r mifLFkfr ntZ djk jgs FksA
oSHko çn'kZu rFkk nsgokn ds bl xfyr nkSj esa ;fn lkekU; tU; dh fLFkfr cn ls cnrj dh vksj
c<+rh gS rks blesa dksà vLokHkkfodrk utj ugÈ vkrhA uxsæa us Hkh ^jhfrdkO; dh Hkwfedk esa ;g Lohdkj
fd;k gS fd Þbl le; dk çklkn bUgÈ yksxksa ¼etnwjksa & fdlkuks½a dh gfì;ksa ij [kMs FksA Hk;adj vdky
rFkk egkekjh ls thou nwHkj gks x;k Fkk rFkk èku & le`f) ds uk'k ds lkFk f'kYi] laL—fr dh gkyr Hkh
fcxM+ xà FkhAÞ
oLrqr% lkekftd iru dk ;g dky uSfrd ewY;ksa ds iru dk Hkh dky FkkA Çgnw & eqlyeku nksuksa
uSfrd cy [kksdj ttZfjr gks mBs FksA lkekftd & uSfrd ewY;ksa ds ºzkl dk dfork ij lhèkk vlj iM+kA
ftldh ifj.kfr jhfr fl) vkSj jhfr c) dfo;ksa dh dfork ij Li"V :i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA dsoy
jhfr eqä dkO; èkkjk gh lkearh eukso`fr ds chp viuh futh lkekftd &lkaL—frd vfLerk lqjf{kr j[k
ik;h FkhA jhfr eqä dfork ds fl) gLrk{kj ?kukuan dh dfork bldk çR;{k çek.k gSA
jhfrdky dh èkkÆed & lkaL—frd ifjfLFkfr Hkh foykflrk ls çHkkfor gS ftlds dkj.k dfork dh
yksd laL—fr ,oa lai`fä v{kq.; ugÈ jg ikà gSA oS".ko vkSj —".k Hkfä laçnk; rsth ls fodflr gqvk]
dkj.k nksuksa ml ;qx dh dfork dh ço`fÙk dks lkèkus esa lgk;d fl) gq, FksA blesa nks"k bu laçnk;ksa dk
ugÈ cfYd mu dfo;ksa dk Fkk tks jkèkk & —".k ds #ekuh çse dk vkoj.k ysdj lkearksa dh ekaly Hkw[k dks
dfork ds ekè;e ls 'kkar djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs FksA

25
 oS".ko vkSj —".k Hkfä laçnk;ksa esa xíh ço`fÙk dk fodkl gqvk vkSj ;s lHkh èkeZ dh vkM+ esa foykflrk
ds vìs cus vkSj bUgsa rRdkyhu jktk& egkjkt ,oa lkearksa dk ojngLr çkIr gqvkA bl ;qx dk èkeZ
vaèkfoÜokl dk i;kZ; cu x;kA yhykvksa ds ekè;e ls 'kkjhfjd {kqèkk dk Hkjiwj lsou fd;k vkSj djk;k x;kA
bl dky dh jkèkk ijdh;k Hkko dh ukf;dk ek= jg xÃA uk;d & ukf;dk Hksn dks jhfrdky ds dfo;ksa
us ijdh;k Hkko ls fy;k vkSj lkQ dg fn;k &
Þ vkxs ds lqdfo jhf> gSa rks dforkÃ]
oju jkfèkdk dkUg lqfeju dks cgkuks gSA Þ
bl dky dh dfork esa Hkfä dk ;gh :i gSA
;g ml dky dh ckSf)drk ds ºzkl dk gh ifj.kke gS fd lwjlkxj ds LFkku ij ^czt & foykl* fy[kk
x;k vkSj Hkfä esa Mwcus & mrjus dk fo—r Ük`x
a kfjd <ksx
a jpk x;kA bl fo—fr ds dkj.k lkfgR;] dyk]
laxhr Hkh vius fo—r :i esa çdV gq,A
jhfrdky dh lkearh] nsgoknh] peRdkjoknh vkSj fo—r ekufldrk ds chp ?kukuan dh dfork lq[kn
vglkl dk Hkko txkrh gSA çse ds yksyqi] ekaly lalkj ds chp ?kukuan dh dfork vius mnkÙk :i esa
lkfRod fojklr dks is'k djrh gSA ftl dky esa çse vkSj J`x
a kj dsoy nsg rd lhfer gks oSls le; esa çse
dk laons u'khy vkSj lkfRod Lo:i ikBd dks lkspus ij etcwj dj nsrk gSA ,d rjg ls ;g rkRdkyhu
;qx ds fo:) foæksg dk Hkko iSnk djrk gSA
^yksx gS ykxr dfoÙk cukor eksgs rks eksjs dfoÙk cukor* dh mfä vuk;kl dfork dk rkuk & ckuk
cqurh gS vkSj bl vkuk;kl Hkko esa dgh Hkh fn[kkoVhiu] N~ykok ;k Qjsc ugÈ gSA bl vFkZ esa ?kukuan dh
dfork lPph vkSj [kjh dfork dh ckuxh gSA
?kukuan dh dfork esa vkx gS ftlesa lkjh dkeqdrk] yksyqirk ty dj HkLe gks tkrh gSA çse ds ckjs
esa ?kukuan dh èkkj.kk gS &
vfr lwèkks lusg dks ekjx gS tgk usdq l;kui ckad ugÈA
rgk lkap pys rft viquikS f>>ds diVh ts fulkd ugÈAA
çse dk jkLrk ,dne lhèkk gSA blesa lhèks yksx gh vius vge dk R;kx djds pyk djrs gSAa çse dk
;g lhèkk jkLrk difV;ksa ds fy, ugÈ gS D;ksfa d vius diV ds dkj.k os fuladksp Hkko ls bl iFk dk
vuqlj.k ugÈ dj ikrsA
çse esa cl ,d gh 'krZ gksrh gS fd mlesa dksà 'krZ ugÈ gksrh fd mn?kks"k.kk ?kukuan ds dkO; esa lqukÃ
nsrh gSA bl çse dk vuqHko ^fg; vkaf[ku usg dh ihj rdh* tSls yksx gh dj ldrs gSAa
jhfrdky esa ftl çse dh ppkZ dh xà gS og bl QylQs ls cgqr nwj dh dkSMh gSA lPps çse dks
xkfyc us ^vkx dk nfj;k* ekuk gS ogh tk;lh tSls lwQh dfo ^djc fijhr dfBu gS jktk* dg dj bldh
nqÜokjrk dk c;ku fd;k gSA ysfdu bl vkx vkSj nqÜokjrk ds chp gh lPpk çse lkjh dkeqdrk] leLr
yksyqirk vkSj dYe"krk dks tykdj Lokgk djrk gSA

26
 jhfr fl) vkSj jhfr c) dkO;èkkjk ds dfo;ksa esa uk rks og vuk;kl Hkko gS ftlls tqMdj dfo viuh
QôM+rk ds xhr xkrk gS vkSj uk lPph laons uk dks çdV djus dh rkdr gSA pk¡nh ds flôs vkSj I;kys esa
Hkjh 'kjkc ls lPph dfork dkslks nwj gksrh gSA eu ds jkx njckjksa esa ugÈ QwVrs cfYd og rks viuh eLrh
esa fdlh ihMk ls eqä gksus ;k vkºykfnr gksus dh çfØ;k ls tuers gSAa dfork dk l;kliu dfork dks
njckjh cuk nsrk gS vkSj vuk;kliu 'kq) ykSfdd dforkA ?kukuan dh dfork vius vuk;kliu ds dkj.k
vkt Hkh vius #i vkSj varoZLrq esa fny dks dpksVrh gS] ân; ds rkjksa dks >a—r djrh gSA
?kukuan dh dfork esa çse gS] Ük`x
a kj gS] u[k & f'k[k o.kZu gS ij dkeqdrk ugÈ gSA fojg dh Tokyk
esa mudk çse ges'kk rirk jgrk gSA mudh dfork esa nsg gS ij mlesa ekalyrk ugÈ gSA çse dks vuko';d
peRdkjokn ls tdMus dh ps"Vk ugÈ dh xà gSA bUgÈ xq.kksa ds dkj.k ?kukuan vkSj mudh dfork çse rFkk
Ük`x
a kj ds ml f'k[kj ij igq¡p tkrh gS tgk¡ fcgkjh] nso vkSj inekdj dk igq¡puk laHko ugÈ gks ikrkA
?kukuan ds bl çse ij e;kZnkoknh vkpk;Z 'kqDy Hkh jh>rs gSa vkSj ;g dgus ds fy, ckè; gks tkrs gSa fd
& Þ ?kukuan çse ds ihj ds dfo gSAa ^
?kukuan dk ;g çse dk ihj ^lqtku* uked os';k ds çfr mitk gSA fdruk lq[kn vk'p;Z gS fd ftl
;qx esa lkekU; L=h dsoy okluk dh n`f"V ls ns[kh tkrh Fkh] ml nkSj esa ?kukuan dk ,d os';k ds çfr ,slk
lEeku vkSj vkdaB çse ns[kus dks feyrk gS fd os lqtku dks nsoh ds in ij çfrf"Br dj nsrs gSAa D;k ;g
yhd ls vyx gVdj leLr ukjh tkfr dh vfLerk dks lEeku nsuk ugÈ gS \ D;k ;g ijaijk ds uke ij
pyh vk jgh lMh&xyh èkkj.kk ls lkFkZd foæksg ugÈ gS \
jhfrdky dh lkekftd & lkaL—frd & èkkÆed :f<+;ks]a vaèk foÜoklksa dh jhfroknh ifjikVh ls ?kukuan
vkSj mudh dfork :i] varoZLrq] f'kYi vkSj laons uk ds Lrj ij cxkor djrh gSA ?kukuan dh dfork ^ekSu
efèk iqdkj* dh dfork gS] lk;kl ugÈ vuk;kl gS tks Çdgh vFkks± esa lkearh lksp vkSj ço`fr ij Hkh ctzikr
djrh gSA
?kukuan dh dfork pan lksus ds flôksa ij fcdus okyh dfork ugÈ gS vkSj uk gh ;g fdlh lkear ;k
ckn'kkg dks [kq'k djus ds fy, fy[kh xà gS cfYd bldk viuk Hkko i{k gS tks ftlds dsæa esa xgu
vuqHkwfr;k¡] LokuqHkwfr;k¡ vkSj :f<+;ksa ls eqä] LokHkkfod LoPNan çse gSA
çse ds LoPNan Lo:i esa Hkh ?kukuan dk çse v'yhyrk ds nk;js ls cgqr ckgj gSA blesa Ük`x
a kj ds la;ksx
i{k ls vfèkd fo;ksx i{k dk fp=.k gS] çse dh Tokyk esa tyus dh riu gSA bUgÈ dkj.kksa ls ?kukuan dk
çse fojklr dk fgLlk cu tkrk gSA
?kukuan çse & lkSna ;Z ds leFkZ dfo gSa ijarq budh vfHkO;atuk i)fr esa çse ds 'kkL=h; Lo:i dk
fu:i.k ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA tcfd ml nkSj dk çse ifjikVh c) Fkk] fcuk 'kkL=h; fu#i.k ds çse dks
le>uk lkearksa ds cwrs ds ckgj Fkk D;ksfa d çse dk okLrfod Kku bUgsa Fkk gh ugÈA bl fygkt ls ?kukuan
dk LoPNan çse rkRdkyhu ifjfLFk;ksa ds fo#) [kqyk foæksg gh ekuk tk;sxkA ?kukuan dk ykSfdd çse vU;
dfo;ksa ds vykSfdd çse ij Hkkjh iMrk gSA ftl çse dks eglwl ugÈ fd;k tk lds vkSj dsoy çse ds uke
ij iUus jaxs tk jgs gks] ?kukuan mls çse ugÈ ekursA çse esa fojg dh ihMk ls ikyk iMs fcuk bldh ifjHkk"kk
dgk vkSj D;ksa iw.kZ gks ldrh gSA çse dh ihMk us gh ?kukuan dks ,d u;k Hkko yksd çnku fd;k vkSj bl

27
Hkko ds dkj.k gh ;g dfo ^ çse dh ihj* dk dfo cukA
jhfr dkO; ftls Ük`x
a kj dkO; Hkh dgk tkrk gS & okLro esa çse dkO; ugÈ gS vfirq ;g dsoy Hkksx
& foykl dk dkO; gS ftlesa ukjh dsoy miHkksx dh oLrq cu dj jg tkrh gSA vkt dh miHkksäkoknh
laLd`fr Hkh ukjh dks dsoy nsg ds #i esa çLrqr djrh gSA foKkiuksa esa ukjh nsg dk çn'kZu dj mRiknksa dks
cspk tkrk gSA bl rjg mÙkj vkèkqfud lekt esa ukjh ds çfr Hkksxoknh n`f"Vdks.k lkearh vo'ks"kksa ds thfor
gksus dh iqf"V djrk gSA
?kukuan us LoPNan çse ds ekè;e ls lkearh le; esa L=h dks tks lEeku fn;k gS og dkfcys rkjhQ
gSA ?kukuan dk çse] vuqHkwfr çèkku] Hkko çèkku gS ftlesa ekalyrk ls jfgr ekufld çse gSA ;gk¡ nsg dk
egRo mruk ugÈ jg tkrk cfYd vkfRed Lrj ij çse gksrk gSA ,slk çse vkn'kZ çse dh dksfV esa vkrk gSA
vkfRed çse esa çse n'kk dh O;atuk gh çèkku gksrh gSA çse dh varjn'kk dk mn?kkVu tSlk buesa gS oSlk
Çgnh lkfgR; ds fdlh vU; Ük`x a kjh dfo esa ugÈ gSA ?kukuan dk çse çfrnku dh vk'kk ugÈ djrk cfYd
dsoy çse nku esa foÜokl j[krk gSA buds çse dk Lo:i furkar mnkÙk gSA
vfHkO;atuk i{k ds Lrj ij ;fn ge ?kukuan dh dfork dk ewY;kadu djsa rks ns[ksx
a s fd buesa Hkk"kk rFkk
vyadkjksa dk ç;ksx vuk;kl gqvk gSA dfork esa dgÈ Hkh vyadkjksa dk ç;ksx peRdkj çn'kZu ds fy, ugÈ
gqvk gSA vius vU; ledkyhu dfo;ksa dh rjg budh dfork fdlh dks jh>kus & yqHkkus ds fy, ugÈ fy[kh
xÃA os rks cl lqtku ds fy, vkg Hkjrs Fks ?A xkfyc dh ;g iafä;k¡ ?kukuan ds mnkÙk çse ij c[kwch fQV
cSBrh gSa &
vkg dks pkfg, bd mez vlj gksus rd
dkSu thrk gS rsjs tqYQ ds lj gksus rd
geus ekuk rxkQqy uk djksxs gels exj
[kkd gks tk,axs rqedks [kcj gksus rd
?kukuan [kkd gks x, ij lqtku ugÈ vkÃA blds ckotwn muds ân; ls lqtku ds fy, cl nqvk gh
fudyh] çfr'kksèk dh Hkkouk ugÈA ;gh ij vkdj ?kukuan dk çse ml Å¡pkà ij igqp
¡ tkrk gS tgk¡ jhfrdky
ds vU; dfo igq¡pus dh lksp Hkh ugÈ ldrs FksA
?kukuan dh dfork vyadkjfç;rk vkSj peRdkj çn'kZu ls dkslks nwj FkhA ijarq bl fo"k; esa muds
ledkyhu dfo;ksa dk fopkj Hkh ns[k fy;k tk, &
;nfi tkfr lqyPNuh lqcju ljl lqo`rA
Hkw"ku fcu u fcjkftgs dfork ofurk ferAA
mijksä iafä;k¡ vyadkjfç;rk vkSj peRdkj çn'kZu ls dlk gqvk gSA ijarq ?kukuan dh dfork rks ml
>jus ds leku gS ftls cl LokHkkfod xfr ls cguk gSA ân; dh rjyrk esa lkjs Nan] vyadkj Lor% gh
feyrs pys tkrs gSAa fdlh vkosx ;k ç;Ru dh vyx ls vko';drk ugÈ iMrhA dfork dfo dh fuÆefr
djus yxrh gSA

28
 ?kukuan dh Hkk"kk ,d vksj viuh èkjrh dh xaèk ysdj iYyfor gksrh gS rks nwljh vksj vU; Hkk"kk ds
çpfyr 'kCnksa ls ân; ds lgt Hkko laç"s k.kh;rk ls iqf"ir gksrs pyrs gSAa tks dguk gS oks fcuk fdlh ykx
yisV] vyadkj] Nan dh ijokg fd, fcuk dgrs pyk tkuk gSA ân; ds mnxkj lgt <+x a ls QwVrs pys
tkrs gSa vkSj dfork curh pyh tkrh gSA uk dksà fo'ks"k ç;Ru uk dksà cykr dkO; ps"VkA
dqy feykdj ?kukuan dk LoPNan çse jhfrdky ds njckjh ifjos'k esa ,d lq[kn vglkl gSA dfo;ksa
dh ykt vkSj ykSfdd ijaijk dk ogu nksuksa ?kukuan esa lgt :i esa feyrk gSA Hkko i{k gks ;k vfHkO;atuk
i{k nksuksa dkO; esa bl rjg ?kqy fey x, gS tSls ngh esa eD[kuA ftu fcyks;k fru ikÃ;kA
?kukuan dh dfork le>us ds fy, fopkj dks ,d fdukjs j[kuk gksxk vkSj ân; dks lkFk ysdj pyuk
gksxkA ckSf)d dykdkjh ;k ckthxjh ds fy, ;gk¡ Lisl ugÈ gSA viuh dfork ds ckjs esa ?kukuan us Bhd
gh fy[kk gS %&
leq>S dfork ?kukuan dh fg; vkf[ku usg dh ihj rdhA

yksdukFk frokjh
çcaèkd ¼jktHkk"kk½
Hkkjr çfrHkwfr eqæ.kky;] ukfld

jktHkk"kk ds iz;ksx dh n`f"V ls ns'k ds jkT;@la?k jkT; {ks=ksa dk oxhZdj.k %

{ks= {ks= esa 'kkfey jkT;@la?k jkT; {ks=

d- fcgkj] NÙkhlx<+] gfj;k.kk] fgekpy çns'k] >kj[kaM] eè; çns'k] jktLFkku] mÙkj çns'k vkSj
mÙkjk[kaM jkT; rFkk jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks= fnYyh vkSj vaMeku o fudksckj }hi lewg la?k
jkT; {ks=A
[k- xqtjkr] egkjk"Vª vkSj iatkc jkT; rFkk paMhx<+] neu o nho vkSj nknjk o uxj gosyh la?k
jkT; {ks=A
x- *d* vkSj *[k* {ks= esa 'kkfey ugÈ fd, x, vU; lHkh jkT; ;k la?k jkT; {ks=A

29
 HkkjrjRu M‚- ckcklkgsc vacsMdj

M‚- ch- vkj- vacMs dj dks dkSu ugÈ tkurkA mUgksua s viuk iwjk thou Hkkjr ns'k
esa vuqlfw pr oxZ dks lekurk fnykus ds fy, leÆir dj fn;kA th gk¡ ogh Hkhejko
jketh vacM s dj]tks ckcklkgsc vacM s dj ds uke ls yksdfç; gSa vkSj ,d lekt lqèkkjd
gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ,d odhy] vFkZ'kkL=h] jktuhfrK ,oa Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds eq[;
fuekZrkvksa esa ls ,d FksA mUgksua s u flQZ lkekftd vlekurk ds f[kykQ yM+kà yM+h
cfYd efgyk l'kfädj.k] ;wfuQ‚eZ flfoy dksM] ekSfyd nkf;Ro ds eqíksa ij Hkh viuh ckr j[khA Hkkjr eka
ds ;s egku liwr] vius çxfr'khy fopkjksa ds pyrs djksMk+ as Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, vkt çsj.kk dk lzkrs ] vkn'kZ
vkSj ekxZn'kZd gSAa
yksdrkaf=d Hkkjr ds lcls çHkko'kkyh 'kf[l;rksa esa ls ,d Fks& M‚- Hkhejko vacM s djA budk tUe
14 vçSy] 1891 dks fczfV'k Hkkjr ds eè; Hkkjr çkar ¼vc eè; çns'k½ esa fLFkr egw uxj lSU; Nkouh esa gqvk
FkkA muds firk dk uke jketh ekyksth ldiky vkSj ekrk dk uke Hkhekckà eqjckMdj FkkA og vius
ekrk&firk ds vkf[kjh vkSj 14oÈ larku FksA mudk ifjokj dchj iaFk dks ekuus okyk] ejkBh ewy dk Fkk
vkSj os egkjk"Vª jkT; ds jRukfxjh ftys esa vkacMos xk¡o ds fuoklh FksA os fgUnw egkj tkfr ls lacèa k j[krs
Fks] tks rc vNwr dgh tkrh Fkh vkSj blds dkj.k mUgsa lkekftd vkSj vkÆFkd :i ls Hksn& Hkko lgu djuk
iM+rk FkkA Hkhejko vacM
s dj ds iwoZt yacs le; ls fczfV'k ÃLV bafM;k daiuh dh lsuk esa dk;Zjr Fks vkSj
muds firk jketh ldiky Hkkjrh; lsuk dh egw Nkouh esa lsokjr Fks rFkk ;gka dke djrs gq, os lwcns kj
ds in rd igq¡ps FksA
viuh tkfr ds dkj.k ckyd Hkhe dks lkekftd çfrjksèk dk lkeuk djuk iM+k FkkA i<kà esa l{ke
gksus ds ckotwn Nk= Hkhejko dks NqvkNwr ds dkj.k vusd çdkj dh dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk FkkA
7 uoacj] 1900 dks jketh ldiky us lkrkjk ds xouZeVas gkÃLdwy esa vius csVs Hkhejko dk uke Hkhek jketh
vkacMos fy[kok;k Fkk] tks fd muds vkacMos xk¡o ls lacfa èkr Fkk D;ksfa d dksd.k çkar ds yksx viuk miuke
xk¡o ds uke ls j[krs Fks]ftl Ldwy esa vacM
s dj i<+kà djrs Fks ml Ldwy ds ,d f'k{kd] ftudk miuke
vacMs dj Fkk] us muls dgk fd vackoMsdj uke mPpkj.k esa dfBu gS] mlesa lgtrk ugÈ gSA vr% rqe viuk
miuke cny dj esjk miuke Lohdkj dj yksA vacM s dj lger gks x, vkSj muds xq: us mudk miuke
vackoMsdj ls vacM s dj dj fn;kA
jketh ldiky ifjokj ds lkFk cacà ¼vc eqca à ½ pys vk;sA vçSy 1906 es]a tc Hkhejko yxHkx 15
o"kZ dh vk;q ds Fks vkSj ik¡poh d{kk esa i<+ jgs Fks] rc mudk fookg ukS lky dh jekckà ls djk;k x;kA
mu fnuksa Hkkjr esa cky&fookg dk çpyu FkkA
tc Hkhejko pkSFkh d{kk dh ijh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ gq,] tks rc vNwrksa esa foy{k.k ckr Fkh] blfy, Hkhejko
dh bl lQyrk dks vNwrksa ds chp lkoZtfud lekjksg ds :i esa euk;k x;k vkSj muds ifjokj ds fe=
,oa ys[kd nknk dsyLq dj }kjk Lofyf[kr Þcq) dh thouhß mUgsa HksVa nh xÃA bls i<+dj mUgksua s igyh ckj
xkSre cq) o ckS) èkeZ dks tkuk ,oa mudh f'k{kk ls ldkjkRed :i ls çHkkfor gq,A

30
 1907 esa mUgksua s viuh eSfVªd ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dh vkSj vxys o"kZ mUgksua s ,fYQLVu d‚yst esa ços'k fy;k
tks fd c‚Ecs foÜofo|ky; ls lEc) FkkA bl Lrj ij f'k{kk çkIr djus okys vius leqnk; ds os igys O;fä
FksA lu 1912 rd] mUgksua s c‚Ecs foÜofo|ky; ls vFkZ'kkL= vkSj jktfufrd foKku esa dyk Lukrd çkIr
dh vkSj cM+kSnk jkT; ljdkj ds lkFk dke djus yxsA
1913 es]a Hkhejko 22 o"kZ dh vk;q esa la;äq jkT; vesfjdk pysa x, tgka mUgksua s 3 lky ckn twu 1915
esa viuh dyk LukrdksÙkj ijh{kk ikl dh] vFkZ'kkL= çeq[k fo"k; vkSj lekt'kkL=] bfrgkl] n'kZu'kkL= vkSj
ekuo foKku ;g vU; fo"k; FksA vDVwcj 1916 esa os yanu pys x;s vkSj ogk¡ mUgksua s xzt s bu d‚yst esa
cSfjLVj dkslZ ¼fofèk vè;;u½ ds fy, ços'k fy;k vkSj lkFk gh yanu Ldwy v‚Q bdksu‚feDl esa Hkh] tgk¡
mUgksua s vFkZ'kkL= dh M‚DVjsV Fkhfll ij dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA 1922 es]a mUgsa xzt s bu us cSfjLVj –
,V&y‚t fMxzh çnku dh vkSj mUgsa fczfV'k ckj esa cSfjLVj ds :i esa ços'k fey x;kA 1923 esa mUgksua s
vFkZ'kkL= esa M‚DVj v‚Q lkbal dh mikfèk gkfly dhA mudk 'kksèk Þnh ç‚cye v‚Q fn #ih ¼The Problem
of the Rupee½ß ij FkhA f}rh; vkaXy&ejkBk ;q) ds nkSjku 1818 dks gqà dksjs xk¡o dh yM+kà ds nkSjku ekjs
x;s Hkkjrh; egkj lSfudksa ds lEeku esa vacM s dj us 1 tuojh] 1927 dks dksjx
s k¡o fot; Lekjd¼t;LraHk½
esa ,d lekjksg vk;ksftr fd;kA
;gk¡ egkj leqnk; ls 'kghn gq, lSfudksa ds uke laxejej ds ,d f'kykys[k ij [kqnok;s x;s rFkk
dksjx
s k¡o dks nfyr LokfHkeku dk çrhd cuk;k x;kA mUgksua s lkoZtfud vkanksy a uks]a lR;kxzgksa vkSj tqyl
w ksa
ds }kjk] is;ty dk lkoZtfud lalkèku] lekt ds lHkh oxks± ds fy, miyCèk djokus ds lkFk gh mUgksua s
vNwrksa dks Hkh fgUnw efUnjksa esa ços'k djus dk vfèkdkj fnykus ds fy, la?k"kZ fd;kA mUgksua s egkM 'kgj esa
vNwr leqnk; dks Hkh uxj ds ponkj tyk'k; ls ikuh ysus dk vfèkdkj fnykus ds fy, lR;kxzg pyk;kA
1930 es]a vacM
s dj us rhu eghus dh rS;kjh ds ckn dkykjke efUnj lR;kxzg vkjEHk fd;kA dkykjke
efUnj vkanksyu esa yxHkx 15000 Lo;alos d bdV~Bs gq,] ftlls ukf'kd dh lcls cM+h çfØ;k,a gqÃA 1936
esa vacM
s dj us Lora= yscj ikVÊ dh LFkkiuk dh] ftlus 1937 esa dsUæh; foèkkulHkk pqukoksa esa 13 lhVsa thrhA
vacM s dj dks c‚Ecs foèkku lHkk ds foèkk;d ds :i esa pquk x;k FkkA og 1942 rd foèkku lHkk ds lnL;
jgs vkSj c‚Ecs foèkku lHkk esa foi{k usrk ds :i es Hkh dk;Z fd;kA mUgksua s Hkkjr dh vktknh dh yM+kà esa
lfØ; :i ls fgLlk fy;k FkkA
15 vxLr] 1947 esa Hkkjr dks Lora=rk feyus ds ckn] uà ljdkj vfLrRo esa vkà rks vacM s dj dks ns'k
ds igys dkuwu ,oa U;k; ea=h ds :i esa lsok djus ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k x;kA 29 vxLr] 1947 dks
vacM
s dj dks Lora= Hkkjr ds u;s lafoèkku dh jpuk ds fy, cuh lafoèkku dh elkSnk lfefr ds vè;{k in
ij fu;qä fd, x,A vacM s dj ,d cqf)eku lafoèkku fo'ks"kK Fks] mUgksua s yxHkx 60 ns'kksa ds lafoèkkuksa dk
vè;;u fd;k FkkA vacM s dj dks ÞHkkjr ds lafoèkku dk firkß ds :i esa ekU;rk çkIr gSA
s dj ckS) èkeZ ds çfr vkdÆ"kr gq,A 1955 esa mUgksua s ÞHkkjrh; ckS)
1950 ds n'kd esa Hkhejko vacM
egklHkkß ;kuh cqf)LV lkslkbVh v‚Q bafM;k dh LFkkiuk dhA 1 vDVwcj] 1956 dks ukxiqj 'kgj esa M‚-
Hkhejko vacM
s dj us [kqn vkSj muds leFkZdksa ds fy, ,d vkSipkfjd lkoZtfud èkekZjra j.k lekjksg dk
vk;kstu fd;kA

31
 vius thou ds o`)kdky esa vacMs dj eèkqegs ls ihfMr FksA twu ls vDVwcj 1954 rd os cgqr chekj
jgsA blh nkSjku mudh –f"V detksj gksrh xÃA viuh vafre ikaMqfyfi ^Hkxoku cq) vkSj mudk è;s;* dks
iwjk djus ds rhu fnu ds ckn 6 fnlEcj] 1956 dks vacM s dj dk egkifjfuokZ.k] fnYyh esa muds ?kj esa gks
x;kA rc mudh vk;q 64 o"kZ 7 eghus dh FkhA fnYyh ls fo'ks"k foeku }kjk muds ikÆFko 'kjhj dks eqca Ã
esa muds ?kj jktx`g esa yk;k x;kA 7 fnlacj dks eqca à esa nknj pkSiVh leqæ rV ij ckS) 'kSyh esa vafre
laLdkj fd;k x;kA
gj lky 20 yk[k ls vfèkd yksx mudh ta;rh ¼14 vçSy½ egkifjfuokZ.k ;kuh iq.;frfFk ¼6 fnlacj½
vkSj èkEepØçorZu ¼14 vDVwcj½ dks pSR;Hkwfe ¼eqca à ½ nh{kkHkwfe ¼ukxiqj½ rFkk Hkhe tUeHkwfe ¼egw½ esa mUgsa
viuh J)katyh vÆir djus ds fy, ,df=r gksrs gSAa M‚- Hkhejko vacM s dj dks 1990 esa Hkkjr jRu] Hkkjr
ds loksZPp ukxfjd lEeku ls ej.kksija kr lEekfur fd;k x;k FkkA

vfer HkkLdjjko dkSydkj

dfu"B dk;kZy; lgk;d ¼ekirkSy fjd‚MZ½
Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] eqca Ã

jktHkk"kk fu;e] 1976 ds mifu;e 5 ds varxZr Çgnh esa çkIr lHkh

i=ksa dk mRrj dsoy Çgnh esa nsuk vfuok;Z gSA

32
 thou esa lc dqN vklku gS tc vki O;Lr gks]a
ysfdu lc dqN eqf'dy gS] tc vki lqLr gksaA

tc Hkh ge [kkyh gksrs gSa vkSj gekjs ikl djus ds fy, dksà Hkh dke ugha gksrk gS rks cksfj;r eglwl
djus yxrs gSa vkSj vDlj geus dà yksxksa dks ns[kk gS fd os [kkyh le; esa cksfj;r eglwl djus yxrs gSa vkSj
,sls esa muds eu esa dà çdkj ds udkjkRed fopkj Hkh vkus yxrs gSAa tc vki [kkyh cSBs gksrs gSa rks vki
vkylh Hkh gks jgs gksrs gSa vkSj èkhjs&èkhjs ;s vkyL; gedks vanj ls [kks[kyk dj jgk gksrk gS blfy, vius eu
dks T;knk&ls&T;knk [kq'k j[kus vkSj ldkjkRed ÅtkZ dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, t:jh gSa fd vius vkidks O;Lr
j[kk tk;sA
D;k vkius dHkh lkspk gS fd [kqn dks O;Lr j[kuk D;ksa t:jh gksrk gS\
thou esa [kqn dks O;Lr j[kuk ,d dyk gS vkSj cgqr ls yksx bl dyk esa l{ke gS] ij dà yksxksa dks
O;Lr dSls jgk tk,] irk gh ugÈ jgrk gS vkSj og vius le; dks lgh rjhds ls mi;ksx djus ds vykok]
bèkj&mèkj dh dqN phtksa esa vius le; dks xaokrs jgrs gSAa blfy, [kqn dks O;Lr dSls j[kk tk, ¼Keep
Yourself Busy½] ls Hkh vPNk ç'u ;g gS fd [kqn dks lgh dk;ks± esa O;Lr dSls j[ksa \ tc Hkh ge [kkyh gksrs
gSa ge vkylh gksrs gSa vkyL; balku dk lcls cM+k nq'eu gksrk gSA
vkyL; D;k gksrk gS\
fcuk y{; ds thou thuk gh vkyL; dk lcls cM+k dkj.k gS ftlds thou esa dksà y{; ugÈ gS] og
euq"; fdlh dke dk ugÈ gksrk gS] og vius thou dks cckZn dj jgk gSA ;gh ckr vxj fdlh fct+ul s pykus
okys ds fy, cksyas rks fcYdqy foijhr gksxk] D;ksfa d og ges'kk ç;kljr jgrk gS] vius O;kikj dks vkxs vkSj
cM+k djus ds fy,A og dHkh vkyl ugÈ djrk gSA
Lokeh foosdkuan th us dgk gS]
Þfcuk y{; ds euq"; ml tkuoj dh rjg gS] tks dsoy viuk thou O;FkZ dj jgk gSÞ
vxj vkidks vius thou esa dqN djuk gS] dqN vkids y{; gS]a dqN vki ikuk pkgrs gS]a dqN twuuw gS
rc vkidks dHkh Hkh vkyL; ugÈ yxsxkA
vkyL; dk eryc gekjs eu o 'kjhj ij lqLrh dk gkoh gks tkuk gSA lqLrh ftl gn rd gkoh gksrh
pyh tkrh gS vkyL; mlls Hkh vfèkd rsth ls viuk iSj tekrk pyk tkrk gS tks gj çdkj ds jksx dk tud
gksrk gSA
lQyrk ikuh gS rks vkyL; dks feVkuk gS
bl detksjh dks gj lqcg mBdj gjkuk gS%
vkyL; ds ckjs esa tkuus ds ckn ge lHkh ds eu esa ;g loky mBrk gS fd vkf[kj ;g vkyL; gksrk
D;ksa gS\ vkyL; ds dkj.k D;k gS\a

33
 oSls vkyL; ds iSnk gksus ds vusdksa dkj.k gks ldrs gSa ysfdu dqN ,sls dkj.k gSa tks fd mldks vkSj Hkh
iôk djrs pys tkrs gSAa
z gekjs 'kjhj dks i;kZIr uÈn dk uk fey ikukA
z vfèkd Hkkstu djuk vkyL; dks tUe nsrk gSA
z HkkX;oknh utfj;k] vkyL; dk gh :i gSA
z O;fä ds thou esa fdlh y{; dk u gksukA
z fdlh dk;Z dks djus esa #fp dk u gksukA
z 'kkjhfjd xfrfofèk;ka u djukA
vkyL; ,d Hk;kud jksx gS tks fd dSl
a j dh rjg gesa vanj gh vanj [kks[kyk djrk jgrk gS rHkh rks
dgk x;k gS fd ÞvkyL; dk jksxh thou Hkj ugÈ mB ikrk gSA Þ
vkyL; dks nwj djus ds mik; %&
1- vius fy, ,d y{; cuk;sa& fdlh Hkh dke dh 'kq#vkr ges'kk ls gh eqf'dy gksrh gS ysfdu y{;
dks iwjk djus ds fy, vkids ikl ,d etcwr dkj.k gksuk pkfg,A vki viuk ,d y{; cuk dj Lo;a dks
vkyL; ls fuiVus ds fy, rS;kj dj ldrs gks] D;ksfa d n`<r+ k ds lkFk cuk;k x;k y{; vkidks dHkh Hkh HkVdus
ugÈ nsxkA tc Hkh vkidks vkyl eglwl gks rks dqN 'kCn gS ftudks vki [kqn dks cksy ldrs gS]a tSl& s eSa
i‚ftfVo gw¡] eSa lQy gw¡] eq>esa cgqr ÅtkZ gS] eSa cgqr esgurh gw¡] eSa jpukRed gw¡] eSa ,fDVo gw¡ vkfnA ;g tknqÃ
'kCn vkidks vanj ls cgqr mRlkfgr djsx a As
2- Lo;a dks çsfjr djsa & cgqr ls t:jh dk;ks± ds gksrs gq, Hkh vxj vkidks vkyl vk jgk gS rks [kqn
dks çsfjr djsA vki ;g lksps tks Hkh le; vki vkyl esa csdkj dj jgs gSa mruk gh vki iSlk [kks jgs gSa vkSj
Hkyk viuk iSlk dkSu [kksuk pkgrk gSA vki ftl Hkh lQy O;fä dks viuk vkn'kZ ekurs gSa muds ckjs esa lksps
dh dSls lQy yksxksa dks vkyL; dHkh thr ugÈ ik;kA muds ckjs esa i<+s fd dSls nSfud pqukSfr;ksa ds lkFk
yM+dj Hkh lQy gks ik, vkSj dSls vius vkyl dks nwj dj ik,A tkusa dSls os yksx [kqn dks ,fDVo j[k ikrs
gSa vkSj fujarj vkxs c<+rs jgrs gSAa ,slh lksp vkSj tkudkjh vkidks vkyl ls dkslksa nwj j[ksxhA ;g Hkh [;ky
j[ks le; lcds fy, lhfer gS bls ;wt djuk gS vkyl esa xokuk ugÈ gSA
3- ges'kk vius dke ls I;kj djsa& ftl dke ls I;kj gks tkrk gS ogk¡ vkyl dh dksà txg ugÈ gksrh
gS blfy, vki tks Hkh dke djrs gSa mlls I;kj dhft,A çfrfnu vius dk;Z dh fyLV rS;kj djs vkSj mls
viuk VkjxsV cuk,A tSlk dh vki tkurs gSa lkeus tc dksà VkjxsV gksrk gS rks vkyl ogk¡ fVd ugÈ ikrkA
vxj fdlh Hkh dke dks IykÇux ds lkFk fd;k tk, rks vkyl ugÈ vkrk cfYd ml dke esa eu yxrk gSA
IykÇux esa mruk gh dke tksMs+ ftruk vki vkjke ls dj ldsA vLr&O;Lr thou ls fujk'kk vkSj vkyl gh
vkrk gS ysfdu IykÇux ds lkFk dke djus ls vkidks irk gksrk gS dkSu lk dke dc vkSj dSls djuk gSA ,slk
djus ls vki vius dke dks I;kj djus yxsx a As
4- i‚ftfVo jgsa & ifjfLFkfr pkgs tSlh Hkh gks ges'kk i‚ftfVo jgs D;ksfa d usxfs Vo jg dj Hkh vki
ifjfLFkfr dks cny ugÈ ldrs tcfd vkyl usxfs Vo ÇFkÇdx dk gh ifj.kke gS blfy, ges'kk ldkjkRed jgs
vkSj vkyl dks nwj Hkxk,A laxhr ls fnekx lfØ; gks tkrk gS blfy, tc Hkh vkyl eglwl gks laxhr t:j
lqusA

34
5- gj le; dqN u;k djsa& tc vki ges'kk ,d tSlk dke djrs gSa rks vkyl vkus yxrk gS] ml dk;Z
ds çfr vki cksÇjx eglwl djus yxrs gks blfy, dHkh&dHkh viuh ilan dk dqN fØ;sfVo dke djs ftls
dj ds vki dqN vPNk Qhy djsA g¶rs ;k eghus esa dgh ?kweus tk,] ,slh vknr vkidks vius dk;Z ds çfr
leÆir djsxh fd dke rks djuk gS vkyl esa dqN ugÈ j[kkA D;ksfa d dke iwjk gksxk rHkh vki dqN u;k dj
ikvksxs ;k ?kweus tk ldksxAs
fçUlh HkkfV;k
ofj"B i;Zo{s kd ¼vkj-,e-½]
fuxe dk;kZy;] ubZ fnYyh

Hkkjr cuke bafM;k

Hkkjr esa xk¡o gS]a xfy;k¡ gS]a pkSckjs gSa -- bafM;k esa flVh gS]a e‚y gSa iaprkjk gS!a
Hkkjr esa ?kj gS]a pcwrjs gS]a nkykusa gS-a - bafM;k esa ¶ySV vkSj edku gS!a
Hkkjr esa dkdk&dkdh gS]a nknk&nknh gS-a - bafM;k esa ek= vady vkSj vkaVh dh vkcknh gS!a
Hkkjr esa [ktwj gS]a tkequ gSa vkSj vke gS-a - bafM;k esa eSxh] fiTtk vkSj ekt+k dk udyh tke gS!a
Hkkjr esa xk; ekrk gS] xkscj dh ifo=rk ds daMs gS-a - bafM;k esa lsgruk'kh fpdu fcj;kuh vkSj udyh vaMs gS!a
Hkkjr esa nwèk gS] ngh gS]a yLlh gS-a - bafM;k esa [krjukd dksd] foLdh vkSj isIlh gS-a !
Hkkjr esa jlksà gS] vk¡xu gS]a rqylh gS-- bafM;k esa :e gS] ckYduh gS] deksM dh dqlÊ gS!
Hkkjr esa eafnj gS]a eaMi gS]a iaMky gSa -- bafM;k esa ic gS]a fMLdks gS]a g‚y gS!a
Hkkjr es cqvk gS]a ekSlh gS]a HkkÃ&cgu gS-a - bafM;k esa lc ds lc dt+u gS!a
Hkkjr esa ihiy gS]a cjxn gS]a uhe gS-a -- bafM;k esa fnoky ij iwjs lhu gS!a
Hkkjr esa vknj gS] çse gS] lRdkj gS -- bafM;k esa LokFkZ gS] uQjr gS] nqRdkj gS!
Hkkjr esa gt+kjksa tuuh gS]a cksyh gS Hkk"kk gS-- bafM;k esa ,d ek= vaxzt
s h+ gS!
Hkkjr lhèkk gS] lgt gS] ljy gS- bafM;k èkwrZ gS] pkykd gS] dqfVy gS!
Hkkjr esa lq[k gS] 'kkafr gS] larks"k gS] -- bafM;k esa cngokl] nq[k vkSj cspSuh gS!
D;ksfa d-- Hkkjr dks ohjksa us] _f"k eqfu;ksa us] laLdkjksa us jpk;k gS--!
ogha-- bafM;k dks ykyph yksxksa us clk;k gS--!

vfues"k xqIrk
d- rduhf'k;u ¼èkkrq ijh{k.k foHkkx½
Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] eqca Ã

35
 dgkuh% vkbuk
vkt dh lqcg Hkh gj jkst tSlh gh Fkh] dfork vkÃus ds lkeus [kM+h rS;kj gks
jgh FkhA ?kM+h dh vksj utj nkSMkà rks ns[kk fd v‚fQl ds fy, nsj gks jgh Fkh] fQj
D;k Fkk] cl tYnh ls mlus viuk cSx mBk;k vkSj v‚fQl ds fy, fudy xÃA mlds
?kj ls v‚fQl dh nwjh cgqr T;knk ugÈ Fkh ysfdu dà fnuksa ls ogh nwjh r; djuk
mlds fy, dksà igkM p<+us ds cjkcj gks x;k Fkk] v‚fQl ds ikl vkrs gh tSls mlds
dne #d ls x,] D;ksfa d vkt dk fnu vkSj fnuksa ls vyx Fkk] vkt oks vius dfj;j]
viuh vkus okyh Çtnxh ls tqMk+ ,d cgqr cM+k QSlyk ysus tk jgh Fkh] vius cSx ls
mlus viuk bLrhQk fudkyk] ,d ckj fQj ls i<+k vkSj okil j[k fn;k] irk ugÈ vkt Hkh oks ;s dne
mBk ik,xh ;k ugÈ mls [kqn Hkh ugÈ irk FkkA vkSj ogh gqvk tks ,d eghus ls jkst gks jgk Fkk] vkt Hkh
mlus viuk bLrhQk ugÈ fn;kA
dfork nks lky ls ,d dalYVsl a h QeZ esa ,d Qkbusfa 'k;y dlYVsVa ds in ij dke dj jgh Fkh] lc
dqN vPNk Fkk] vPNh iksft'ku] vPNh lSyjh] vkxs dk dfj;j] lc rks vPNk Fkk ysfdu dqN rks Fkk tks ugÈ
Fkk] fdlh pht dh deh rks Fkh tks mls [ky jgh Fkh vkSj cgqr lksp fopkj dj mlus ml deh dks <w<a
Hkh fy;k FkkA ge dksà Hkh dke djs]a mlesa gekjh #fp gksuk cgqr t:jh gS ugÈ rks ,d le; ds ckn oks
dke cks> yxus yxrk gS vkSj ,slk gh dfork ds lkFk Hkh FkkA vPNh daiuh vkSj iksft'ku ns[k dj mlus
ukSdjh dj rks yh Fkh ysfdu vc mldk eu gh ugÈ Fkk bl dke es]a v‚fQl vkuk tSls cks> lk gks x;k
Fkk] ,d vthc lh ?kqVu gksus yxh Fkh mls ,slk yx jgk Fkk fd tSls oks fdlh pkj nhokjh esa dSn gS vkSj
mlh esa vUnj gh vUnj oks ?kqV jgh FkhA tSls tSls le; chr jgk Fkk mldh ;s ?kqVu c<+rh gh tk jgh Fkh]
oks cl ogk¡ ls fudy dj [kqyh gok esa lkal ysuk pkgrh FkhA oks ftanxh ls dqN vkSj pkgrh Fkh vkSj blh
pkg esa mlus bl ukSdjh ls bLrhQk nsdj ml dke dks djus dk lkspk ftlesa mldh ges'kk ls #fp FkhA
cpiu ls gh dfork dks lekt vkSj lekt esa QSyh cqjkb;ksa ds ckjs esa tkuus dh ftKklk jgrh FkhA
oks ges'kk lkspk djrh Fkh fd cM+h gksdj oks Hkh dqN djsxh ftlls lekt esa cnyko vk,] ;gh mldk liuk
Fkk fd oks yksxksa dh lsok dj lds vkSj lekt ds fodkl esa viuk ;ksxnku ns ldsA mlus rks ;s Hkh lkspk
Fkk fd oks viuk [kqn dk ,uthvks [kksyx s h ysfdu oks lc rks ckn dh ckr Fkh vHkh rks oks cl ,uthvks esa
dke djuk pkgrh Fkh tks 'kk;n mlds lQj dh 'kq#vkr FkhA vius d‚yst ds fnuksa esa mlus dà ,uthvks
esa baVuZf'ki dh Fkh ysfdu baVuZf'ki djuk vkSj blh fn'kk esa vijk dfj;j ys tkuk nksuksa esa cgqr varj FkkA
vDlj tc ge viuk dfj;j pqurs gSa rks dà ckj viuh bPNkvksa ls Åij ge iSlk] iksft'ku] daiuh ;s lc
ns[krs gSa ysfdu ;s le>uk t#jh gS fd gekjh vlyh [kq'kh fdlesa gS\ vDlj [kks[kys lius T;knk fnu
fVd ugÈ ikrs] liuk rHkh vkxs rd pyrk gS] tc mlds lkFk gekjk eu] gekjk gkSlyk tqMk+ gksA dfork
dks Hkh dqN ,slk gh eglwl gqvk fd vkt tks oks dke dj jgh gS oks ,d [kks[kys lius dh rjg gS ftldh
uÈo cgqr detksj Fkh D;ksfa d mldk vlyh liuk rks dqN vkSj gh FkkA
vius d‚yst dh baVuZf'ki esa 'kq: fd;k x;k lekt lsok dk dke èkhjs èkhjs mlds eu esa yksxksa ds
fy,] lekt ds fy, dqN djus dk tTck c<+kus yxk] mls yxus yxk ;gh oks dke gS tks oks djuk pkgrh
gS] ;gh oks fn'kk ftldh vksj oks viuh Çtnxh dks ys tkuk pkgrh Fkh] mls ,slk yx jgk Fkk tSls mlds

36
lkeus ,d vkbZuk gS ftlesa mls viuk vkus okyk dy utj vk jgk Fkk] ysfdu ml dy dks gdhdr cukus
ds fy, mls vkt ,d dne mBkuk FkkA mlds eu esa cgqr my>u Fkh ,d vPNs [kkls dfj;j dks NksM+
dj ,d fcYdqy vyx jkLrs is pyuk irk ugÈ fdruk lgh ;k fdruk xyr FkkA blh d'ked'k esa ,d
eghuk chr x;k Fkk vkSj oks vkt Hkh bl ckr dk QSlyk ugÈ dj ik jgh FkhA vkf[kj esa mlus ijs'kku gksdj
viuh fn'kk eSMe dks Qksu yxk fn;kA
fn'kk eSMe] dfork dh Ldwy Vhpj vkSj mldh esVa ksj FkhA mUgksua s Çtnxh vkSj dfj;j ls tqMs+ dÃ
NksVs cM+s QSlyksa esa dfork dk ekxZn'kZu fd;k Fkk vkSj vkt fQj ls dfork dks muds ekxZn'kZu dh cgqr
t:jr FkhA fn'kk eSMe us Qksu mBkrs gh dfork dk gky pky fy;k vkSj fQj cM+s gh è;ku ls mldh ckrsa
lquus yxh] fQj mUgksua s dfork ls dgk] *dfork tc Hkh ge fdlh uà jkg ij pyrs gSa rks Mj yxuk rks
LokHkkfod gS ysfdu tc rd rqe ml jkLrs ij pyksxh ugÈ rks irk dSls pysxk fd oks jkLrk lgh gS ;k
ugÈA vxj rqe lp esa dqN djuk pkgrh gks rks djks] fcuk Mjs] lgh xyr rks gekjs utfj, ij Hkh fuHkZj
djrk gSA^
dfork dh vkokt esa ,d Mj] ,d vlqj{kk dk Hkko ns[kdj fn'kk eSMe us FkksMk+ g¡lrs gq, iwNk] ^,d
ckr crkvks D;k vkbuk ges'kk lgh gksrk gS\ D;k oks ges'kk gesa ogh fn[kkrk gS tks ge gSa ;k dHkh dHkh
vkÃus ls Hkh xyrh gks ldrh gS\ dfork us FkksMk+ gSjku gksdj iwNk] eryc\ eSa le> ugÈ ikÃA bl ckr
ij fn'kk us dgk fd *tc vkÃus ij èkwy dh ,d ijr vk tk, rks gesa gekjh lkQ Nfo Hkh èkqèa kyh fn[kus
yxrh gS rks tc vkbuk Hkh ges'kk lgh ugÈ gksrk rks rqe rks balku gks rqEgkjk gj dne lgh gks ;s t:jh
ugÈ vkSj xyr gks ;s Hkh t:jh ugÈA ^rqEgkjs eu ij Hkh èkwy dh ,d ,slh gh pknj gS fcYdqy ,d vkÃus
dh rjg tks rqEgsa viuh vlyh Nfo ;k ;g dgw¡ rqEgkjh vlyh dkfcfy;r dks ns[kus ugÈ ns jgh] rqe viuk
vlyh gquj] viuh vlyh [kq'kh ns[k gh ugÈ ik jgh gks- flQZ lgh xyr esa my> jgh gksA ;s ;kn j[kks
dh gekjk [kqn ij foÜokl gekjh lcls cM+h rkdr gksrk gS- vius vanj ds foÜokl dks txkvks vkSj vius
eu ij iM+h èkwy gVkvksA dqN le>h\ dfork us gal dj gka cksyk vkSj mudk èkU;okn fd;kA gj ckj dh
rjg bl ckj Hkh fn'kk eSMe us dfork dh my>u nwj dj nh FkhA
vxys fnu dh lqcg Hkh gj fnu tSlh lqcg gh Fkh] vkt Hkh ogh dfork Fkh] ogh vkbuk Fkk ysfdu
vkt ml vkÃus ij èkwy dh dksà pknj ugÈ Fkh] cfYd ,d lkQ Nfo Fkh tTcs ls Hkjh ,d yM+dh dh tks
vius liuksa ds jkLrksa ij pyus ds fy, fcYdqy rS;kj FkhA vkt Hkh mlus viuk cSx mBk;k ysfdu vkt
mlds dne ,d uà fn'kk dh vksj c<+ jgs FksA

esèkk j‚;
lgk;d çcaèkd ¼ek-la-½
Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] dksydkrk

37
 çkphu xzhd vksyafid ls vkèkqfud vksyafid [ksyksa rd

Hkkjr dh vksyafid ;k=k ij ,d utj

isfjl 2024 vksyfa id 26 tqykà ls 11 vxLr] 2024 rd vk;ksftr fd, x,A blesa 206
jk"Vªh; vksyfa id lfefr;ksa ds ,FkyhV vkSj vkÃvkslh 'kj.kkFkÊ vksyfa id Vhe ¼Ãvksvkj½
}kjk Hkkx fy;k x;kA [ksyksa esa ns'k Hkj ds 35 LFkkuksa ij 10]500 ,FkyhVksa us Hkkx fy;kA
vkb, bl ,sfrgkfld vk;kstu ds lanHkZ esa vksyfa id dh 'kq#vkr dSls gqÃ] blds ckjs esa tkurs gSAa
vkjaHk
vksyfa id [ksyksa dk bfrgkl nks lglzkfCn;ksa ls Hkh T+;knk
iqjkuk gS] tks [ksy vkSj laL—fr ls xgjkà ls tqMk+ gqvk gSA
776 Ãlk iwoZ esa 'kq: gq, ;s çkphu [ksy gj pkj lky esa x‚M
t+hml ds lEeku esa vk;ksftr fd, tkrs Fks] ftlesa u dsoy
,FkysfVd çfr;ksfxrk,a gksrh FkÈ] cfYd laxhr] dfork vkSj
jaxeap tSls dykRed dk;ZØe Hkh gksrs FksA
vksyafid dh fQj 'kq#vkr% vkèkqfud [ksyksa dk tUe
19oÈ lnh ds var es]a oSfÜod [ksy leqnk; ds Hkhrj vO;oLFkk ds dkj.k varjkZ"Vªh; [ksy vk;kstuksa dks
iqutÊfor djus ds ç;klksa dks pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA ;g rc cny x;k tc cSju fi;js Mh
dqcÆVu us isfjl esa igyh vksyfa id dkaxlzs cqykÃA
,d u, ;qx dh 'kq#vkr% ,Fksal 1896 vksyafid [ksy
vkèkqfud ;qx ds igys vksyfa id [ksy vçSy 1896 esa çkphu vksyfa id ds tUeLFkku ,Fksl
a ¼xzhl½ esa vk;ksftr
gq, FksA ;g çFke vksyfa i;kM ds [ksy ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA bl ,sfrgkfld vk;kstu esa 14 ns'kksa ds
241 ,FkyhVksa us Hkkx fy;k FkkA
a 1896 [ksyksa esa LVsfM;e [kpk[kp Hkjs gq, Fks vkSj mRlkgh HkhM+ Fkh] fo'ks"k :i ls vksyfa id eSjkFku
,Fksl
Qkbuy tSlh çfr;ksfxrkvksa ds fy,A
isfjl 1900 vksyfa id [ksyksa esa igyh ckj efgykvksa us fgLlk fy;kA ikap ckj ÇocyMu pSfa i;u jgÈ fczfV'k
Vsful f[kykM+h pkyksZV dwij igyh efgyk vksyfa id pSfa i;u cuÈA 997 ,FkyhVksa esa ls 22 efgyk,a FkÈ]
ftUgksua s Vsful] ukSdk;u] ØksdVs ] ?kqMl
+ okjh vkSj xksYQ+ esa Hkkx fy;kA
vksyfa id esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh fiNys dqN n'kdksa esa yxkrkj c<+h gS] 1964 esa 13 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2020
VksD;ks [ksyksa esa yxHkx 48-9 çfr'kr gks xà gS] ftldk Js; vkÃvkslh vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; egkla?kksa dh igy
dks tkrk gSA mYys[kuh; miyfCèk;ksa esa 2012 yanu [ksyksa esa efgyk eqôcs kth dks 'kkfey djuk vkSj VksD;ks
2020 esa yxHkx ySfa xd lekurk gkfly djuk 'kkfey gSA fj;ks 2016 es]a 45 çfr'kr ,FkyhV efgyk,a FkÈ]

38
;g ço`fÙk VksD;ks esa Hkh tkjh jgh] ftlls ;g vc rd dk lcls ySfa xd&larfq yr vksyfa id cu x;k] ftlesa
yxHkx vkèkh ,FkyhV efgyk,a FkÈA
vksyafid [ksyksa dk bfrgkl%
1896 esa ,Fksla esa gq, igys vkèkqfud vksyfa id [ksyksa ls ysdj isfjl esa gksus okys 2024 ds [ksyksa rd] vksyfa id
[ksyksa esa dkQ+h cnyko gq, gSAa 1896 ds [ksyksa esa 14 ns'kksa ds 241 ,FkyhV 'kkfey Fks] ftlesa xzhl indksa ds
ekeys esa lcls vkxs FkkA fiNys dqN n'kdksa esa [ksyksa dk nk;jk vkSj lekosf'krk c<+rh xà gS] ftlesa 1900
esa efgykvksa dh igyh Hkkxhnkjh vkSj u, [ksyksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa dh 'kq#vkr tSlh egRoiw.kZ miyfCèk;ka
'kkfeygSAa
vksyafid esa Hkkjr
1900 esa isfjl vksyfa id esa
flQZ ,d çfrHkkxh ds lkFk
viuh 'kq#vkr ds ckn ls
Hkkjr dh vksyfa id ;k=k esa
dkQh cnyko vk;k gSA 1920
esa ,aVoiZ [ksyksa esa ,d
,sfrgkfld {k.k vk;k tc
Hkkjr us viuk igyk
vkfèkdkfjd ny Hkstk] ftlus
mYys[kuh; miyfCèk;ksa dh
,d 'krkCnh dks fpfàr
fd;kA
isfjl 1924 vksyfa id esa okLro esa Hkkjr us Vsful esa 'kq#vkr dh] ftlesa ,dy vkSj ;qxy LièkkZvksa esa ikap
f[kykfM+;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA blds ckn ,ELVMZe 1928 vksyfa id esa Hkkjrh; iq#"k g‚dh Vhe dk mYys[kuh;
çn'kZu gqvk] tgka Hkkjr us çfrf"Br è;kupan ds usrR` o esa viuk igyk vksyfa id Lo.kZ ind gkfly fd;kA
;g mYys[kuh; gS fd g‚dh Vhe us 29 xksy fd, ysfdu iwjs VwukZeVas esa muds f[kykQ ,d Hkh xksy ugÈ
gqvk] ftlus varjkZ"Vªh; eap ij ,d mPp ekud LFkkfir fd;kA
1930 vkSj 40 ds n'kd esa egku f[kykM+h è;kupan ds usrR` o esa Hkkjr dh iq#"k g‚dh Vhe dk mn; Hkh gqvk]
ftUgksua s ,ELVMZe 1928] y‚l ,aftYl 1932 vkSj cÆyu 1936 esa vHkwriwoZ rhu yxkrkj Lo.kZ ind gkfly
fd,] ftlls nqfu;k dh çeq[k g‚dh rkdr ds :i esa Hkkjr dh çfr"Bk etcwr gqÃA
Lora=rk ds ckn Hkkjr dh vksyfa id ;k=k yanu 1948 [ksyksa ls 'kq: gqÃ] tgka jk"Vª us vc rd dk viuk
lcls cM+k ny mrkjk& ukS [ksyksa esa 86 ,FkyhVA Hkkjrh; g‚dh Vhe us viuk ncnck tkjh j[kk] viuk pkSFkk
vksyfa id Lo.kZ gkfly fd;k vkSj cychj Çlg lhfu;j dks ,d u, flrkjs ds :i esa is'k fd;kA

39
gsyÇldh 1952 vksyfa id es]a igyoku dsMh tkèko us Hkkjr dk igyk O;fäxr vksyfa id ind] dkaL;
thrdj bfrgkl jp fn;kA eSfDldks flVh 1968 es]a g‚dh Vhe us dkaL; ind thrk] tks vius lkekU;
'kh"kZ&nks fQfu'k ls fopyu dks n'kkZrk gSA Hkkjr us E;wfu[k 1972 vksyfa id esa ;g miyfCèk nksgjkÃA
vVykaVk 1996 es]a Vsful LVkj fy,aMj isl us iq#"k ,dy esa yacs le; ls çrhf{kr dkaL; ind thrk] tcfd
pkj lky ckn 2000 esa d.kZe eYysÜojh us HkkjksÙkksyu esa dkaL; ind ds lkFk vksyfa id ind thrus okyh Hkkjr
dh igyh efgyk cudj bfrgkl jp fn;kAchÇtx 2008 vksyfa id Hkkjr ds fy, ,d ;knxkj iy jgk] tc
fu'kkusckt vfHkuo Çcæk us 10 ehVj ,;j jkbQy LièkkZ esa ns'k ds fy, igyk O;fäxr Lo.kZ ind gkfly
fd;k] ftlus Hkkjrh; vksyfa id bfrgkl esa ,d u;k ekud LFkkfir fd;kAeqôcs kt fotsna j Çlg vkSj igyoku
lq'khy dqekj us Hkh dkaL; ind thrs] tks 1952 ds ckn ls Hkkjr dk igyk cgq&ind vksyfa id FkkA
2012 yanu vksyafid esa Hkkjr dh ped
2012 yanu vksyfa id esa lkbuk usgoky us Hkkjr ds fy, cSMÇeVu vksyfa id esa igyk ind thrkA lq'khy
dqekj us viuk nwljk vksyfa id ind thrk vkSj xxu ukjax] fot; dqekj] eSjh d‚e vkSj ;ksxÜs oj nÙk us
Hkkjr ds indksa dh la[;k esa btkQk fd;k] tks ml le; lcls vfèkd Ng ind FksA fj;ks 2016 esa ihoh
Çlèkq vkSj lk{kh efyd Hkkjr dh ,dek= ind fotsrk jgÈ] tks igyh ckj Fkk tc lHkh ind efgyk ,FkyhVksa
us thrs FksA
VksD;ks 2020 Hkkjr ds fy, ,sfrgkfld lkfcr gqvk] ftlesa dqy lkr ind thrsA iq#"k g‚dh Vhe us dkaL;
ind ds lkFk 41 lky dk ind lw[kk [kRe fd;k] tcfd efgykvksa us viuk loZJ"s B pkSFkk LFkku gkfly
fd;kA uhjt pksiM+k us Hkkyk Qsd a esa Hkkjr ds fy, igyk VªSd&,aM&QhYM Lo.kZ ind thrk] ftlls
vfHk;ku dk 'kkunkj var gqvkA
fiNys n'kdksa esa Hkkjr dk vksyfa id bfrgkl
mYys[kuh; miyfCèk;ksa ls Hkjk gqvk gSA g‚dh esa
fjd‚MZ vkB Lo.kZ ind] ftuesa yxkrkj Ng thr
'kkfey gS]a Lora= Hkkjr ds fy, dsMh tkèko dk
,sfrgkfld O;fäxr ind] chÇtx 2008 esa vfHkuo
Çcæk dk vHkwriwoZ Lo.kZ] vkSj VksD;ks 2020 esa uhjt
pksiM+k dk ,sfrgkfld VªSd&,aM&QhYM Lo.kZA
isfjl vksyfa id dks ns[krs gq,] Hkkjr us 16 fofoèk
[ksy foèkkvksa esa 117 ,FkyhVksa ds vius vc rd ds
lcls cM+s ny dh ?kks"k.kk dh] ftlesa 70 iq#"k vkSj 47 efgyk,a 'kkfey gq,] bu ,FkyhVksa us 69 LièkkZvksa esa
Hkkx fy;kA Hkkjr us viuk lQj isfjl vksyfa id esa 1 jtr rFkk 5 dkaL; ind ds lkFk iw.kZ fd;kA
vkyksd ;kno
lfpoh; lgk;d ¼jk-Hkk-½
fuxe dk;kZy;] ubZ fnYyh

40
 izpfyr eqgkojs ,oa yksdksfDr;ka
*fnYyh vHkh nwj gS*
vFkZ& dke esa vHkh vkSj dlj ckdh gSA çkstDs V dqN gn rd rks rS;kj gks pqdk gS] ysfdu fnYyh vHkh Hkh
nwj gSA
*vkleku ls fxjk [ktwj esa vVdk*
vFkZ & ,d eqlhcr ls fudydj nwljh eqlhcr esa QalukA eksgu taxy esa Hkkyw ls rks cp x;k ij mlds
lkeus vpkud ls 'ksj vk x;kA
*vUèksj [kkrk*
vFkZ & eq¡g ek¡xk nks] fQj Hkh pht [kjkcA ;g dSlk vUèksj [kkrk gSA
*mYyw lhèkk djuk*
vFkZ &viuk dke fudyokukA
n¶rj esa c‚l dh [kq'kken dj jes'k us viuk mYyw lhèkk dj gh fy;kA
*Qwys u lekuk*
vFkZ &vfèkd [kq'kh dk vuqHko
vkÃvkÃVh esa ikl gksus dh [kcj lqudj eksfgr Qwyk ugÈ lek jgk FkkA
*vkVs ds lkFk ?kqu Hkh filrk gS*
vFkZ &fdlh nks"kh ds lkFk funksZ"k dk Qal tkukA
vc nksLr xqukg djsxk rks mlds lkFkh ls Hkh rks iwNrkN gksuh gSA ,sls ekeyksa esa vDlj vkVs ds lkFk ?kqu
Hkh filrk gSA
yksdksfä;ka
ckM+ gh tc [ksr dks [kk, rks j[kokyh dkSu djs
vFkZ &j{kd dk Hk{kd gks tkukA
cki cM+k u Hkb;k] lc ls cM+k #ib;k
vFkZ &èku gh lcls cM+k gksrk gSA
cki u ekjs es<dh] csVk rhjankt+
vFkZ &NksVs dk cM+s ls c<+ tkukA
cki ls cSj] iwr ls lxkÃ
vFkZ &firk ls nq'euh vkSj iq= ls yxkoA

41
ckjg cjl ihNs ?kwjs ds Hkh fnu fQjrs gSa
vFkZ & ,d u ,d fnu vPNs fnu vk gh tkrs gSAa
chekj dh jkr igkM+ cjkcj
vFkZ & [kjkc le; eqf'dy ls dVrk gSA
cq<+kis esa feêh [kjkc
vFkZ & cq<k+ is esa bTtr esa cêk yxukA
cqf<+;k ejh rks vkxjk rks ns[kk
vFkZ & çR;sd ?kVuk ds nks igyw gksrs gS&
a vPNk vkSj cqjkA
fy[ks Ãlk i<+s ewlk
vFkZ & xanh fy[kkoVA
vaèks ds vkxs jksos] viuk nhnk [kksos
vFkZ & ew[kks± dks lnqins'k nsuk ;k muds fy, 'kqHk dk;Z djuk O;FkZ gSA
mlh dh twrh mlh dk flj
vFkZ & fdlh dks mlh dh ;qfä ¼oLrq½ ls csodwQ cukukA
Åaph nqdku Qhds idoku
vFkZ & ftldk uke rks cgqr gks] ij xq.k de gksA
ÅaV ds xys esa fcYyh
vFkZ & vuqfpr] vuqi;qä ;k csey
s lacèa k fookg

42
 çeq[k xfrfofèk;ka
'kh"kZ f}i{kh; eap dh cSBdsa

,lih,elhvkÃ,y 'kh"kZ f}i{kh; eap dh 24oÈ ,oa 25oÈ cSBd dk vk;kstu Øe'k% 19 vkSj 20 twu]
2023] iape<+h] eè; çns'k esa çfrHkwfr dkxt+ dkj[k+kuk] ueZnkiqje }kjk vkSj Hkkjr çfrHkwfr eqæ.kky;] ukfld
}kjk fnukad 19 ,oa 20 tuojh] 2024 dks lQyrkiwoZd fd;k x;kA
vUrj bdkà jktHkk"kk lEesyu&2023
fuxe dk;kZy; rFkk lHkh ukS bdkb;ksa
ds jktHkk"kk vfèkdkfj;ks a rFkk
vuqokndks@a lEc) deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, Hkkjr
ljdkj Vdlky] dksydkrk esa fnukad
19-12-2023 dks ,d fnolh; ,lih,elhvkÃ,y
vUrj bdkà jktHkk"kk lEes y u dk
lQyrkiwoZd vk;kstu fd;k x;kA

,llh] ,lVh rFkk vkschlh izfrfuf/k;ksa ds lkFk fopkj&foe'kZ cSBd

Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky&gSnjkckn esa
19 vçSy] 2023 dks ,llh] ,lVh vkSj vkschlh
bdkb;ksa ds çfrfufèk;ksa ds lkFk fuxe ekuo
lalkèku Vhe dh 10oÈ cSBd dk vk;kstuA
bl dk;ZØe esa Jh ,l- ds- flUgk] funs'kd
¼ekuo lalkèku½] Jh ch- ts- xqIrk] eq[;
egkçcaèkd ¼ekuo lalkèku½ vkSj Jh- oh,uvkj
uk;Mw] eq[; egkçcaèkd us çfrfufèk;ksa ds
fofHkUu eqíksa ij ppkZ dh] blds ckn Kku
lk>k l= ds rgr Hkkjr ljdkj
Vdlky&gSnjkckn QSDVªh dk nkSjk fd;kA

43
 lh,lvkj çn'kZuh & flracj 2023

,lih,elhvkÃ,y fuxe dk;kZy; esa Çgnh i[kokM+s 2023 dk vk;kstu

jktHkk"kk foHkkx] x`g ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj ds

funs'kkuqlkj Çgnh ds çxkeh ç;ksx dks c<+kus ,oa lHkh
vfèkdkfj;ks@
a deZpkfj;ksa dks jktHkk"kk ds çfr çksRlkfgr
djus ds mís'; ls ,lih,elhvkÃ,y] fuxe dk;kZy;
esa Çgnh fnol ds miy{; esa 14-09-2023 ls 29-09-
2023 rd Çgnh i[kokM+s dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA

Çgnh i[kokM+s ds nkSjku ,lih,elhvkÃ,y] fuxe

dk;kZy; }kjk fofHkUu çfr;ksfxrkvksa dk vk;kstu
fd;k x;k rFkk jktHkk"kk iqjLdkj forj.k lekjksg esa Çgnh i[kokM+s dh çfr;ksfxrkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk vU;
çfr;ksfxrkvksa ds fotsrk çfrHkkfx;ksa dks vè;{k rFkk çcaèk funs'kd] funs'kd ¼ek-la-½ ,oa eq[; lrdZrk
vfèkdkjh }kjk lEekfur fd;k x;kA bl volj ij fuxe dh x`g&if=dk ÞvfHkO;fäß ds prqFkZ vad dk
foekspu Hkh fd;k x;kA

44
 LoPNrk gh lsok 2023 vfHk;ku 3-0
Hkkjr ljdkj ds LoPNrk gh lsok 2023 vfHk;ku 3-0 ds vuqikyu esa fuxe dk;kZy; }kjk fnukad
1-10-2023 dks tu Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk ,d LoPNrk vfHk;ku pyk;k x;kA ;g vk;kstu Iy‚V uacj nks ,oa
rhu] ekrk lqna jh ekxZ] uà fnYyh esa fd;k x;kA bl vfHk;ku dh 'kq#vkr çkr% 9%30 cts Pledge for single
use plastic ban ls dh xÃA blds ckn mijksä LFkku] blds vklikl ds {ks= ,oa lM+d bR;kfn esa ,d ?kaVs
dk Jenku fuxe eq[;ky; ds 'kh"kZ çcaèku] lHkh vfèkdkjh ,oa deZpkjhx.k rFkk tu Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk fd;k
x;kA bl volj ij daiuh ds vè;{k rFkk çcaèk funs'kd] funs'kd ¼ekuo lalkèku½] funs'kd ¼foÙk½] eq[;
lrdZrk vfèkdkjh] eq[; egkçcèkd] ¼ekuo lalkèku½ rFkk vU; lHkh ofj"B vfèkdkjh x.k mifLFkr jgsA

fo'o i;kZoj.k fnol&2024 dk vk;kstu

,lih,elhvkbZ,y] fuxe dk;kZy; esa fo'o i;kZoj.k fnol 05-06-2024 ds volj ij dk;kZy; esa vfXu ls
cpko fo"k; ij fnYyh vfXu'keu foHkkx ds ofj"B vf/kdkjh Jh çoh.k dqekj }kjk vfXu'keu midj.kksa dk
mi;ksx rFkk fo'ks"k tkudkjh lk>k dh xbZA
bl miy{; esa nwljs dk;ZØe esa ok;q xq.koRrk çca/ku vk;ksx] ubZ fnYyh ds lkStU; ls vokZphu Hkkjrh
ifCyd Ldwy] ubZ fnYyh ds f'k{kdksa ds ekxZn'kZu esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds lac/a k esa ,d uqDdM+
ukVd çLrqfr nh xbZA bl dk;ZØe esa fuxe dk;kZy; dh vksj ls Jh ,l-ds- flUgk] funs'kd ¼ek-la-½ us
cPpksa }kjk fd, tk jgs ç;klksa vkSj mudh çLrqfr ds fy, ç'kalk O;Dr dhA rhljs dk;ZØe esa Þç—fr ds
lkFk lkeatL;/Living in Harmony with natureß ,d l= dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA

45
 GEM ¼xouZesaV Ã&ekdsZVIysl½ iksVZy ij çf'k{k.k dk;Z'kkyk

fuxe dk;kZy; vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] uks,Mk esa Øe'k% 18 ,oa 19 vçSy] 2023 dks GeM ¼xouZeVas
Z ij çf'k{k.k dk;Z'kkyk vk;ksftr dh xÃA çf'k{kd Jh eusæa iky Çlg GeM ds iSuy
Ã&ekdsVZ Iysl½ iksVy
esa 'kkfey çf'k{kd gSAa bl l= esa rduhdh] lrdZrk] foÙk] ekuo lalkèku vkSj fofèk foHkkx ds vfèkdkfj;ksa
us Hkkx fy;kA çf'k{k.k us ,d [kjhnkj ds :i esa [kjhnkjh djus ds fofHkUu rjhdks]a dSVy‚x çcaèku ç.kkyh]
,dh—r ?kVuk çcaèku ds lkFk&lkFk iksVZy ij 'kq: dh xà uà lqfoèkkvksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh çnku dhA
,lih,elhvkÃ,y esa varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol 2024 dk vk;kstu

,lih,elhvkÃ,y fuxe dk;kZy; esa varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk

fnol 2024 dk vk;kstu Jh fot; jatu Çlg] vè;{k
rFkk çcaèk funs'kd dh vè;{krk esa fd;k x;kA
,lih,elhvkÃ,y dh lHkh ukS bdkb;ksa dh efgyk
vfèkdkfj;ks@
a deZpkfj;ksa us Hkh opqv
Z y eksM ds ekè;e
ls mijksä lekjksg esa Hkkx fy;kA

46
 ÞjktHkk"kk rduhdh laxks"Bhß
,lih,elhvkÃ,y }kjk ujkdkl] fnYyh ¼miØe&2½ ds rRokoèkku esa lHkh lnL;ksa dk;kZy;ksa ds çfrHkkfx;ksa
ds fy, fnukad 30-07-2024 dks VSxksj g‚y] Ldksi d‚EiySDl yksèkh jksM] uà fnYyÈ esa ÞjktHkk"kk rduhdh
laxks"Bhß dk lQyrkiwoZd vk;kstu djk;k x;kA
dk;ZØe dk mn~?kkVu Jh lquhy dqekj flUgk] funs'kd ¼ekuo lalkèku½] ,lih,elhvkÃ,y ds dj deyksa
}kjk nhi çTofyr dj fd;k x;kA bl volj ij fof'k"V vfrfFk ds :i esa Jh vt; vxzoky] funs'kd
¼foÙk½ ,lih,elhvkÃ,y] Jh ch-ts- xqIrk] eq[; egkçcaèkd ¼ek-la-½] Jh jkts'k JhokLro] la;qä funs'kd
¼dk;kZUo;u½ jktHkk"kk foHkkx] x`g ea=ky; rFkk Jh v'kksd dqekj] lnL;a lfpo] ujkdkl dh fo'ks"k
xfjeke;h mifLFkfr jghA
Jh flUgk }kjk vius vè;{kh; lEcksèku esa dk;kZy; dk;Z esa fgUnhs ds ç;ksx ds lacèa k esa ÞfodYi jfgr
ladYiß dh çfrc)rk dk mYys[k fd;kA mUgksua s lHkh çfrHkkfx;ksa ls Lo;a dks jktHkk"kk dk;ks± esa
cgq&çfrHkk'kkyh cuus ij tksj fn;kA
fof'k"V vfrfFk ds :i esa mifLFkr Jh vt; vxzoky] funs'kd ¼foÙk½] ,lih,elhvkÃ,y us vius lacksèku
esa daiuh dh lai.w kZ dk;Z ç.kkyh rFkk fof'k"V mRiknksa dk jkspd ,oa xkSjoiw.kZ fooj.k lk>k fd;k rFkk
ujkdkl }kjk jktHkk"kk fgUnh ds çpkj&çlkj gsrq fd, tk jgs ç;klksa ds fy, cèkkà nhA
ujkdkl lnL; lfpo Jh v'kksd dqekj us ujkdkl ds rRokoèkku esa ,lih,elhvkÃ,y }kjk le;&le;
ij djk, tk jgs uoksUeso"k dk;ZØeksa ds fy, ,lih,elhvkkÃ,y çcaèku dks fo'ks"k cèkkà nhA

dk;ZØe ds nwljs l= esa eq[; oäk ds :i esa vkeaf=r Jh jkts'k JhokLro] la;qä funs'kd ¼dk;kZUo;u½
us çHkkoh jktHkk"kk dk;kZUo;u ij fopkj j[ksAa vk;kstu ds rhljs l= esa Jh ds-ih- 'kekZ] mi funs'kd] {ks=h;
dk;kZUo;u dk;kZy;] fnYyh }kjk lalnh; jktHkk"kk lfefr dh fujh{k.k ç'ukoyh Hkjus lacèa kh egRoiw.kZ
tkudkjh çnku dh xÃA
dk;ZØe ds vafre l= esa jktHkk"kk uhfr ,oa fu;eksa lacèa kh tkudkjh ij vkèkkfjr vH;kl l= dk vk;kstu
djk;k x;kA çfrHkkfx;ksa us bl l= esa mRlkgiwoZd Hkkx fy;k rFkk bl uà igy rFkk bl vk;kstu ds
fy, çfrfØ;k Lo:i çlUurk O;ä dhA

47
 gekjk xkSjo
dsaæh; tkap C;wjks ¼lhchvký dh ghjd t;arh jktk jke eksgu j‚; dh 251oÈ t;arh
Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] eqca à us dsæa h; tkap C;wjks ¼CBI½ dh Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] dksydkrk us jktk jke eksgu j‚; dh
ghjd t;arh ds miy{; esa 60 ewY;oxZ ds Lekjd flôs dk 251oÈ t;arh ds volj ij 250 ewY;oxZ ds Lekjd flôs
fuekZ.k fd;k] ftls ekuuh; çèkkuea=h Jh ujsæa eksnh th }kjk dk fuekZ.k fd;k] ftls ekuuh; laL—fr jkT; ea=h Jh vtqZu
3 vçSy] 2023 dks tkjh fd;k x;kA jke es?koky }kjk 22 eÃ] 2023 dks tkjh fd;k x;kA

O;k?kz ifj;kstuk ds 50 o"kZ u, laln Hkou dk mn~?kkVu

Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] dksydkrk us u, laln Hkou ds mn~?kkVu
gSnjkckn us O;k?kz ds miy{; esa 75 ewY;oxZ ds Lekjd flôs dk fuekZ.k fd;k]
ifj;kstuk ds 50 o"kZ iwjs ftls ekuuh; çèkkuea=h] Jh ujsæa eksnh th us yksdlHkk vè;{k]
gksus ds miy{; esa 50 Jh vkse fcjyk vkSj jkT;lHkk ds mi&lHkkifr] Jh gfjoa'k
ewY;oxZ ds Lekjd flôs ukjk;.k Çlg ds lkFk 28 eà 2023 dks tkjh fd;k FkkA
dk fuekZ.k fd;k] ftls
ekuuh; çèkkuea=h Jh ujsæa
eksnh th us 9 vçSy] 2023
dks tkjh fd;k
eu dh ckr dk 100oka ,filksM
Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] dksydkrk us eu dh ckr ds 100osa Hkkjr dh G20 vè;{krk
,filksM dks fpfàr djus ds fy, 100 ewY;oxZ ds Lekjd Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] dksydkrk us Hkkjr dh th&20 vè;{krk
flôs dk fuekZ.k fd;k] ftls 26 vçSy] 2023 dks ekuuh; x`g ds volj ij 75 vkSj 100 ewY;oxZ ds Lekjd flôs dk fuekZ.k
ea=h Jh vfer 'kkg th }kjk tkjh fd;k x;kA fd;k] ftls ekuuh; çèkkuea=h Jh ujsæa eksnh th us 26 tqykÃ]
2023 dks çxfr eSnku] uà fnYyh esa varjkZ"Vªh; çn'kZuh&lg&lEesyu
dsæa dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, tkjh fd;k FkkA

v‚ijs'ku 'kfä dh 25oÈ o"kZxkaB

Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] eqca à us v‚ijs'ku 'kfä dh 25oÈ
o"kZxkaB ds volj ij 100 ewY;oxZ ds Lekjd flôs dk
fuekZ.k fd;k] ftls ekuuh; çèkku ea=h Jh ujsæa eksnh th us ,u-Vh- jkek jko tUe 'krkCnh
11 eÃ] 2023 dks tkjh fd;kA
Hkkjr ljdkj Vdlky] gSnjkckn us Jh uankeqjh rkjd jkek
jko] ftUgsa ,uVhvkj ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS] ds 'krkCnh
o"kZ dk t'u eukus ds fy, 100 ewY;oxZ ds Lekjd flôs
dk fuekZ.k fd;kA bls ekuuh; jk"Vªifr] Jherh ækSinh eqeZw
}kjk 28 vxLr] 2023 dks jk"Vªifr Hkou] lkaL—frd dsæa ] uÃ
fnYyh esa tkjh fd;k x;kA