K. E.

Society's

RAJARAMBAPU INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY (POLYTECHNIC)
LOHAGOAN, PUNE
Tal. Haveli, Dist. Pune 411 047
Year 2023-24

A
Micro Project Report
On

“FIND THE NUMBER OF FIBONACCI SERIES

8086
MICROPROCESSOR”
Submitted in partial Fulfilment of the requirements for
Diploma in computer engineering
Of
M.S.B.T.E., MUMBAI
By
Sr. No. Name Middle Surname Roll No.
1. Omkar Shesherao Boinwad 89
 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MS. P. P. PATIL

K. E. Society's

RAJARAMBAPU INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
(POLYTECHNIC) LOHAGOAN, PUNE
Tal. Haveli, Dist. Pune 411 047
Year 2023-24

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that,
Sr. No. Name Middle Surname Roll No.
1. Omkar Shesherao Boinwad 89

Students of Rajarambapu Institute of Technology (Polytechnic) Lohagoan, Pune have

satisfactorily completed the Microproject work on “Mini Calculator” in partial fulfilment of
Diploma in AIML of Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai during the
academic year 2023-2024.
 MS. P. P. PATIL Mr. V. R. Saste Dr. K. H.
Munde

Guide HOD Principal

➢ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

➢ I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have

contributed to the completion of the microproject titled "Mini Calculator
➢ We would like to express our sincere thanks to our guide, who has
encouraged us to work on this topic and valuable guidance wherever
required. We wish to express our thanks to Mr. V. R. Saste, Head of Dept.
& Dr. K. H. Munde, Principal, R.I.T.P., for their support and the help
extended.

➢ I would also like to thank R.I.T.P college for providing the necessary
resources and facilities to carry out this project effectively. The conducive
environment fostered an atmosphere of learning and innovation, enabling me
to explore the intricacies of "Mini Calculator

➢ Furthermore, I extend my appreciation to my peers and classmates who

offered support and constructive feedback during various stages of the
project. Their collaboration and exchange of ideas were instrumental in
overcoming challenges and refining the project's execution.

➢ Lastly, I am grateful to my family and friends for their unwavering support

and encouragement throughout this endeavor. Their understanding and
encouragement provided me with the motivation to persevere and achieve
the project's objectives.
➢ Together, the collective efforts of all those involved have contributed to the
successful completion of this microproject, and for that, your sincerely
thankful.

➢ INDEX

Sr. No. Title Page No.

1. Abstract 1

2. Introduction 2

3. Features 3

4. Objective 4

5. Advantages And Disadvantages 5

6. Algorithm 6

7. Flow Chart 7

8. Program 8

9. Output 9

10. Conclusion 10
 11. References 11

➢ Abstract
The Mini Calculator is a simple yet functional software application designed to perform basic
arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The primary
goal of this project is to provide a user-friendly interface that enables efficient calculation for
everyday mathematical needs. The calculator is implemented using a lightweight programming
language (e.g., Python, JavaScript, or C++), ensuring quick and responsive performance. The
application accepts user input through a graphical interface or command line, processes the
inputs using fundamental arithmetic algorithms, and displays the result to the user. This project
serves as a foundation for understanding basic computational logic and interface design while
demonstrating the practical application of mathematical concepts in software development.

➢ Introduction

➢A mini calculator is a basic yet essential tool designed to perform fundamental arithmetic
operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The primary purpose of this
tool is to simplify and speed up basic mathematical calculations in daily life. With the advent of
technology, calculators have evolved from mechanical devices to software applications, making
them more accessible and convenient for users across different platforms.

This mini calculator project aims to implement a simple, efficient, and user-friendly application
to handle these basic arithmetic operations. It serves as an introductory exercise for
understanding core programming concepts such as user input, control flow, and basic arithmetic
logic. This calculator can be used in educational settings for teaching programming or
mathematical operations, as well as in practical situations where quick and straightforward
calculations are required. By building a mini calculator, one gains valuable insight into
algorithmic design and application development, which can be extended to more complex
projects in the future.

➢ Features
 Basic Arithmetic Operations:
  Addition: Allows users to add two numbers.
 Subtraction: Enables users to subtract one number from another.
 Multiplication: Performs multiplication of two numbers.
 Division: Divides one number by another, displaying the result.

 User-Friendly Interface:

 Simple and intuitive design that makes it easy for users to interact with the calculator.
 Input and output are clearly displayed for a seamless user experience.

 Supports Integer Inputs:

 Accepts integer inputs for basic calculations, making it suitable for a wide range of
simple tasks.

 Error Handling:

 Basic error checking to handle common mistakes like invalid inputs or division by zero.

 Clear Display:

 Displays results clearly and immediately after each operation.

 Option to clear the input fields for a fresh start after completing a calculation.

 Operation Selection:

 Users can choose which arithmetic operation to perform by entering corresponding

symbols or numbers.

 Minimal Resource Usage:

 The program is lightweight and does not require significant processing power or memory,
making it suitable for low-end devices.

 Simple Arithmetic Precision:

 The calculator works with basic integer calculations, ensuring quick and straightforward
results.

 Portable:

 Can be implemented in various programming languages and used on different platforms

(e.g., desktop, mobile).

 Extendable for Future Enhancements:

  Though basic, the calculator can be easily extended to support more advanced functions,
such as handling floating-point numbers, trigonometric operations, square roots, etc

➢ Objective
The primary objective of the mini calculator is to provide a simple, efficient, and easy-to-use tool
for performing basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division. The key objectives include:

1. Facilitate Quick Calculations: To offer a fast and accessible way for users to perform
simple mathematical operations without the need for a physical calculator.
2. Enhance User Understanding of Basic Operations: To demonstrate the core principles
of arithmetic through a straightforward, interactive tool that allows users to enter
numbers and see immediate results.
3. Provide a Minimalistic Interface: To develop a calculator with a clean and intuitive
user interface that can be easily navigated by users of all experience levels.
4. Offer Easy Input and Output: To ensure that the user can quickly enter data and view
results, making the tool practical for everyday use.
5. Develop Fundamental Programming Skills: To create a practical project for those
learning programming, where they can apply concepts like variables, functions, and
control structures to solve real-world problems.
6. Ensure Compatibility and Portability: To design a calculator that can be easily
implemented and used on various platforms, whether as a command-line tool, desktop
application, or mobile app.

By achieving these objectives, the mini calculator serves as both a functional tool for users and
an educational resource for developers.

➢ Advantages of Mini Calculator

 Simplicity and Ease of Use:

 A mini calculator is easy to use, providing a straightforward interface for users to

perform basic arithmetic operations without unnecessary complexity.
 Fast and Efficient:

 It allows users to quickly perform simple calculations, making it an ideal tool for
everyday tasks where time and accuracy matter.

 Lightweight and Low Resource Usage:

 Mini calculators are typically lightweight applications, requiring minimal processing

power and memory, which allows them to run efficiently on a variety of devices,
including low-end systems or mobile phones.

 Portable and Accessible:

 Being a small, self-contained application, a mini calculator can be easily implemented on

different platforms, such as desktops, mobile devices, or web browsers, making it widely
accessible.

 No Need for Physical Hardware:

 Unlike traditional calculators, a mini calculator doesn’t require any physical hardware.
Users can access it directly from their computer or smartphone, making it always
available when needed.

 Educational Tool:

 It serves as a great learning resource for beginners to understand basic programming

concepts like input/output, functions, and control structures. It also offers a good
foundation for more complex software projects.

 Customizable and Extendable:

 Developers can easily modify or extend the functionality of a mini calculator, adding
advanced features such as scientific calculations, history tracking, or even a graphical
user interface (GUI).

 No Installation Required (for Web Versions):

 Web-based mini calculators do not require any installation or setup, as they can be
accessed directly from a browser, which makes them highly convenient and ready-to-use.

 Error Handling:

 A well-designed mini calculator can handle common errors like invalid input or division
by zero, ensuring that the user gets a meaningful response or error message.

 Cost-Effective:
  Developing or using a mini calculator is typically cost-effective since it doesn’t require a
significant investment in resources or infrastructure.

➢ Disadvantages of Mini Calculator

 Limited Functionality:

 A mini calculator typically only supports basic arithmetic operations (addition,

subtraction, multiplication, division). It lacks advanced mathematical features like
trigonometric functions, logarithms, or graphing capabilities, which are available in more
sophisticated calculators or software.

 Cannot Handle Complex Calculations:

 Due to its simplicity, a mini calculator is not suitable for handling complex mathematical
calculations, such as algebraic expressions, large numbers, or scientific calculations. It
may be inefficient for tasks that require higher precision or advanced computation.

 No Graphical Representation:

 Unlike scientific or graphing calculators, a mini calculator usually cannot generate

graphs, charts, or visual representations of data, limiting its utility for users who need to
visualize mathematical relationships.

 Potential for User Error:

 Since mini calculators often only handle basic operations, users may inadvertently enter
incorrect values or operations. Without a history of previous calculations or more robust
error-checking, this can lead to mistakes that go unnoticed.

 Limited User Experience (UX):

 Depending on the design and platform, a mini calculator may offer a basic, less
interactive user experience. There may be a lack of features like memory functions,
interactive feedback, or a customizable interface, which can hinder the overall user
satisfaction.

➢ Algorithm
 Start
 Display a message: "Enter the first number."
 Input the first number (num1).
 Display a message: "Enter the second number."
 Input the second number (num2).
 Display a message: "Choose an operation (+, -, *, /)."
 Input the operation (operator).
 If operator is "+" then:

 Perform addition: result = num1 + num2

 Display the result.

 Else If operator is "-" then:

 Perform subtraction: result = num1 - num2

 Display the result.

 Else If operator is "*" then:

 Perform multiplication: result = num1 * num2

 Display the result.

 Else If operator is "/" then:

 If num2 == 0 then:
o Display an error message: "Cannot divide by zero."
 Else:
o Perform division: result = num1 / num2
o Display the result.

 Else:

 Display an error message: "Invalid operator."

 Ask the user if they want to perform another calculation (yes/no).

 If the user enters "yes":

 Go back to step 3.

 Else:

 Display a message: "Goodbye!"

 Exit the program.

 End.
 Explanation:
 The algorithm starts by asking for two numbers.
 It then prompts the user to choose an operation (+, -, *, or /).
 Based on the user’s input, the program performs the corresponding operation and
displays the result.
 If the user chooses division, the program checks for division by zero and handles the
error appropriately.
 After completing the calculation, the user is asked if they want to perform another
calculation.
 The loop continues until the user decides to exit.

This algorithm represents a basic flow of operations for a mini calculator, offering simplicity and
ease of use for everyday arithmetic tasks.

Flow Chart

➢
 ➢ Program

def add(x, y):

return x + y
def subtract(x, y):
return x - y

def multiply(x, y):

return x * y

def divide(x, y):

if y == 0:
return "Error! Division by zero."
return x / y

def calculator():
print("Select operation:")
print("1. Add")
print("2. Subtract")
print("3. Multiply")
print("4. Divide")

while True:
choice = input("Enter choice (1/2/3/4): ")

if choice in ['1', '2', '3', '4']:

try:
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input! Please enter numeric values.")
continue
 if choice == '1':
print(f"{num1} + {num2} = {add(num1, num2)}")
elif choice == '2':
print(f"{num1} - {num2} = {subtract(num1, num2)}")
elif choice == '3':
print(f"{num1} * {num2} = {multiply(num1, num2)}")
elif choice == '4':
print(f"{num1} / {num2} = {divide(num1, num2)}")
else:
print("Invalid choice! Please select a valid operation.")

next_calculation = input("Do you want to perform another calculation? (yes/no): ")

if next_calculation.lower() != 'yes':
break

if __name__ == "__main__":
calculator()
output :
 ➢ Conclusion

The mini calculator program serves as a fundamental example of how to implement

basic arithmetic operations using programming. It demonstrates key programming
concepts such as:

1. Function Definition: Each arithmetic operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication,

and division) is encapsulated in its own function, promoting code reusability and
organization.
2. User Input Handling: The program interacts with users by taking input for the operation
type and the numbers involved, showcasing how to handle user input effectively.
3. Error Handling: The calculator includes basic error handling, particularly for division by
zero and non-numeric inputs, which enhances the robustness of the application.
4. Control Flow: The use of loops and conditional statements allows the program to
repeatedly prompt the user for calculations until they choose to exit, demonstrating
control flow in programming.
5. User Experience: The program is designed to be user-friendly, providing clear
instructions and feedback, which is essential for any interactive application.

➢ References

1. https://chatGPT.openai.com
2. https://www.scribd.com
3. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org.com
4. https://www.tutorialspoint.com
5. https://www.coursehero.com