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CHAPTER 7b

The document explains the processes of sensible and latent heat changes on the psychrometric chart, detailing how heat is added or removed from air and the effects on humidity and enthalpy. It includes calculations for sensible and latent heat changes, as well as combined processes, and discusses the importance of the RSHR line and coil process line in determining supply air conditions. Additionally, it covers the air mixing process and methods for calculating cooling loads and contact factors.

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46 views18 pages

CHAPTER 7b

The document explains the processes of sensible and latent heat changes on the psychrometric chart, detailing how heat is added or removed from air and the effects on humidity and enthalpy. It includes calculations for sensible and latent heat changes, as well as combined processes, and discusses the importance of the RSHR line and coil process line in determining supply air conditions. Additionally, it covers the air mixing process and methods for calculating cooling loads and contact factors.

Uploaded by

9xogox
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process Lines On the Psychrometric Chart

• Sensible Heat Changes


– heat is added or removed from the air
– DB temperature changes
– No change in water vapor content
– Process along a line of constant humidity ratio

• 1-2 heating increase DB

• 1-3 cooling decrease DB


• Latent Heat Changes
– Humidification – adding water vapor to the air
– Dehumidification – removed of water vapor from the air

• 1 - 4 Humidification
– increase in humidity ratio
– increase enthalpy
• 1 – 5 Dehumidification
– decrease in humidity ratio
– decrease enthalpy Figure 7.11 Humidification and dehumidification (latent heat
change) processes.
•Combination Sensible Heat and Latent

1 - 6 Sensible heating
and humidification
1 - 7 Sensible heating
and dehumidification
1 - 8 Sensible cooling
humidification
1 - 9 Sensible cooling
and dehumidification
•Sensible Heat Change Process Calculations
(Sensible Heating and Cooling)

𝑄 = 0.24 ma . TC + 0.45 mw . TC
𝑄 = sensible heat added to or removed from
air Btu/hr.
𝑚𝑎 = weight of air lb/hr.
𝑚𝑤 =weight of water vapor lb/hr.

TC = t2 - t1 = temperature change
𝑄𝑠 = 0.24𝑚𝑎 (𝑇𝐶 ) (second term is too small)
𝑚𝑎 = 4.5 CFM
Qs = 1.1 (CFM)(TC)
= 1.1 CFM (t2 - t1) using W = 0.01 lbw/lbda (typical value).

• Latent Heat Change


𝐶𝐹𝑀(𝑊2 ′ − 𝑊1 ′)
𝑄𝑙 = 1055 𝑥 𝑚𝑤 = 1055 𝑥
1556

𝑄𝑙 = 0.68𝑥𝐶𝐹𝑀(𝑊2 ′ − 𝑊1 ′)

𝑄𝑙 = latent heat change BTU/hr.

𝑊2′ − 𝑊1′ = humidity ratio change grw/ lbda


• Sensible heating or cooling problem can also be solved
using enthalpy values from the psychrometric chart.

• Latent heat change problem can also be solved by using


the enthalpy values from the psychrometric chart.

Combined Sensible and Latent Process


Calculations

• The cooling and dehumidification process

𝑄𝑡 = 𝑄𝑠 + 𝑄𝑙
The Evaporative Cooling Process and the Wet Bulb
Temperature

used in dry climate

used in cooling towers


The Air Mixing Process

𝑚3 𝑥 𝐷𝐵3 = 𝑚1 𝑥 𝐷𝐵1 + 𝑚2 𝑥 𝐷𝐵2

𝑚1 𝑥 𝐷𝐵1 + (𝑚2 𝑥 𝐷𝐵2 )


𝐷𝐵3 =
𝑚3

𝐶𝐹𝑀1 𝑥 𝐷𝐵1 + (𝐶𝐹𝑀2 𝑥 𝐷𝐵2 )


𝐷𝐵3 =
𝐶𝐹𝑀3

𝑚3 𝑥 𝑊3 = (𝑚1 𝑥 𝑊1 ) + (𝑚2 𝑥 𝑊2 )

𝑚1 𝑥 𝑊1 + (𝑚2 𝑥 𝑊2 )
𝑊3 =
𝑚3
𝐶𝐹𝑀1 𝑥 𝑊1 + (𝐶𝐹𝑀2 𝑥 𝑊2 )
𝑊3 =
𝐶𝐹𝑀3
Determining Supply Air Conditions

RSCL = 1.1 X CFMs (𝑡𝑅 − 𝑡𝑠 )


RLCL = 0.68 X CFMs (𝑊𝑅′ − 𝑊𝑠′ )

RSCL –Room sensible cooling load, BTU/ hr.


RLCL – Room latent cooling load, BTU/ hr.
CFMs – CFM of supply air
𝑡𝑅 , 𝑡𝑠 - temperature of room and supply air, ℉.
𝑊𝑅′ , 𝑊𝑠′ - humidity ratios of room and supply air,
grw/lbda.
The RSHR or Condition Line
The RSHR line is defined as the line drawn through
the room conditions with the room sensible heat ratio
slope RSCL/RTCL.
The importance of the RSHR line is that it is the line
on which any satisfactory supply air condition must lie.

Coil Process Line


The coil process line may then be defined as the
straight line drawn between the air conditions entering
and leaving the coil.
Coil cooling load = 𝑄𝑡 = 𝑄𝑠 + 𝑄𝑙
𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟
𝑡𝑜𝑛 = 1 ton= 200 BTU / min
12000
The Complete Psychrometric Analysis
Given:
• Room sensible and latent heat gains, RSCL & RLCL
• Outside and inside design conditions.
• Ventilation (outside) air requirements.
• Either CFM or DB temperature of the supply air.

Determine
• Supply air conditions.
• Cooling coil capacity .
The Contact Factor and Bypass Factor
Contact Factor (CF) is defined as the proportion of air passing through
the coil that touches the cooling surface and is thus cooled.
By pass factor (BP) is defined as the proportion of air that
does not touch the surface, and is therefore not cooled.
CF + BF=1
𝑏 𝐷𝐵1 − 𝐷𝐵2
𝐶𝐹 = =
𝑎 𝐷𝐵1 − 𝐸𝑆𝑇

DB1 = dry bulb temperature of


air entering the cooling coil, ℉
DB2 = dry bulb temperature of
air leaving the cooling coil, ℉

EST = effective surface temperature of coil, ℉


7.3
7.4
ℎ𝑠 = 31.1 - 22.6 = 8.5 BTU /lbda
ℎ𝑙 = 34.1 – 31.1 = 3.0 BTU /lbda
ℎ 𝑇 = 34.1 – 22.6 = 11.5 BTU /lbda
or,
8.5 + 3 = 11.5 BTU /lbda

7.6
𝑄𝑠 = 1.1 x CFM x TC = 1.1 x 5000 (80-58) = 121,000 BTU/hr
𝑄𝑙 = 0.68 CFM (𝑊1′ − 𝑊2′ ) = 0.68 x 5000 (108-66) = 143,000 BTU/hr
𝑄𝑡 = 𝑄𝑠 + 𝑄𝑙 = 264,000 BTU/hr
or using the chart.
𝑄𝑠 = 4.5 CFM (hx-h2)= 4.5 x 5000 (29.7-24.2) = 124,000 BTU/hr
𝑄𝑙 = 4.5 CFM (h1-hx) = 4.5 x 5000 (36.1-29.7) = 144,000 BTU/hr
𝑄𝑡 = 𝑄𝑠 + 𝑄𝑙 = 268,000 BTU/hr

𝑚𝑎 = 4.5 CFM = 4.5 x 5000 = 22,500 lb/hr


𝑚𝑤 = 𝑚𝑎 (𝑊1′ − 𝑊2′ ) = 22,500 (0.0154 – 0.0094) = 1350 lb/hr

𝑙𝑏 1 𝑔𝑎𝑙
𝐺𝑃𝐻 = 1350 . = 163 𝐺𝑃𝐻
ℎ𝑟 8.3 𝑙𝑏
7.7
𝐶𝐹𝑀1 .𝐷𝐵1 +𝐶𝐹𝑀2 .𝐷𝐵2 1000𝑥 92+4000𝑥78
𝐷𝐵3 = = = 80.8 ℉
𝐶𝐹𝑀3 5000
𝑊𝐵3 = 66 ℉
ℎ3 = 30.8 BTU/lbda
𝑊3 = 72 gr/lbda
7.9
𝑅𝑆𝐶𝐿 112,000
𝑅𝑆𝐻𝑅 = = = 0.84
𝑅𝑇𝐶𝐿 133,000

𝑄𝑆 112,000
𝑇𝐶 = = = 20.4 𝐹
1.1 𝐶𝐹𝑀 1.1 𝑥 5000

tsa= 75 – 20.4 = 54.6 ℉ DB

or
7.11

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑏 ′ 𝑐′ 20
𝐶𝐹 = = = 0.77
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑐′ 26

BF = 1-CF = 0.23
EST = 54ºF

7.12 Draw coil line ac. To find supply air condition, the proportional
lengths must be
82−𝑡𝑠𝑎
𝐶𝐹 = 0.91 =
82−55

Solving ,
tsa = 82-(0.91)(82-55) = 57.4 ºF DB
Locate this supply air condition on coil line
Read 𝑊𝐵𝑆𝐴 = 55.8 ºF
7.13
RSHG = 1.1 CFM (tR – tsa) = 1.1 x 4000 x (75-55)=88,000 Btu/hr
RLHG = 0.68 CFM (𝑊𝑅′ − 𝑊𝑆𝐴
′
) = 0.68 x 4000 x (71 – 57) = 38,000 Btu/hr
OA 𝑄𝑠 = 1.1 x 1000 (95-75) = 22,000 BTU/hr
OA 𝑄𝑙 = 0.68 x 1000 (92-71) = 14,300 BTU/hr

Total Cooling Load = 162,300 Btu/hr

3000 75 +(1000)(95)
𝐷𝐵𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = = 80 ᵒ𝐹
4000

Draw coil line from 𝐷𝐵𝑀 (point M) through SA


Read EST = 49 º F
80 − 55
𝐶𝐹 = = 0.81
80 − 49
7.14
𝑄𝑠 = 1.1 CFM (𝑡𝑅 − 𝑡𝑠 ) = 1.1 x 900 x (78 – 58) = 18,000 Btu/hr ok
Ql = 0.68 CFM (𝑊𝑅′ − 𝑊𝑆′ ) = 0.68 x 900 (72-64) = 4900 Btu/hr.

Not enough, RLCL = 8000 BTU/hr


Humidity will rise

To find room conditions, draw RSHR line

18,000
𝑅𝑆𝐻𝑅 = = 0.69
26,000

Where the line intersects 78℉ DB

Actual room RH is 54%

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