Outline

▪ Computer Network
▪ Uses of Computer Network
▪ Types of Computer Networks
▪ Topolologies
 Computer Network

▪ Computer Network is a group of computers connected with each other

through wires, optical fibres or optical links so that various devices can
interact with each other through a network.
▪ The aim of the computer network is the sharing of resources among various
devices.
▪ In the case of computer network technology, there are several types of
networks that vary from simple to complex level.
 Uses of Computer Networks
▪ Helps you to share resource such as printers
▪ Allows you to share expensive software’s and database among network
participants
▪ Provides fast and effective communication from one computer to another
computer
▪ Helps you to exchange data and information among users via a network.
 Types of Computer Network
A computer network can be categorized by their size. A computer network is
mainly of four types:
▪ LAN(Local Area Network)
▪ PAN(Personal Area Network)
▪ MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
▪ WAN(Wide Area Network)
 LAN – Local Area Network
▪ Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each
other in a small area such as building, office.
▪ LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers
through a communication medium such as twisted pair, coaxial
cable, etc.
▪ It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as
hubs, network adapters, and ethernet cables.
▪ The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in Local Area
Network.
▪ Local Area Network provides higher security.
 PAN – Personal Area Network
▪ Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an
individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters.
▪ Personal Area Network is used for connecting the computer
devices of personal use is known as Personal Area Network.
▪ Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to bring the
idea of the Personal Area Network.
▪ Personal Area Network covers an area of 30 feet.
▪ Personal computer devices that are used to develop the personal
area network are the laptop, mobile phones, media player and
play stations.
 MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
▪ A metropolitan area network is a network
that covers a larger geographic area by
interconnecting a different LAN to form a
larger network.
▪ Government agencies use MAN to connect
to the citizens and private industries.
▪ In MAN, various LANs are connected to
each other through a telephone exchange
line.
▪ It has a higher range than Local Area
Network(LAN).
 WAN – Wide Area Network
▪ A Wide Area Network is a network that
extends over a large geographical area such as
states or countries.
▪ A Wide Area Network is quite bigger
network than the LAN.
▪ A Wide Area Network is not limited to a
single location, but it spans over a large
geographical area through a telephone line,
fibre optic cable or satellite links.
▪ The internet is one of the biggest WAN in
the world.
 Network Topology

▪ Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components
are interconnected to each other.
▪ There are six types of network topology which are :
▪ Bus Topology
▪ Ring Topology
▪ Tree Topology
▪ Star Topology
▪ Mesh Topology and
▪ Hybrid Topology.
 Network Topology – Bus Topology

▪ In bus topology there is a main cable and all the devices are connected to this main
cable through drop lines.
▪ There is a device called tap that connects the drop line to the main cable.
▪ The main cable that is connected to the devices on the network using drop line is
called backbone cable.
▪ The main cable broadcast the message to all the devices connected to it.
▪ When a device wants to sends a message, it transmits the message to the backbone
cable. All the other devices connected to the backbone cable receives the message
whether they are intended to receive the message or not.
Network Topology – Bus Topology cont..
 Network Topology – Bus Topology cont..

Advantages Disadvantages
▪ Easy installation, each cable needs to ▪ Difficultly in fault detection.
be connected with backbone cable. ▪ Not scalable as there is a limit of how many nodes
you can connect with backbone cable.
▪ Less Expensive: Less cables are ▪ Difficult to troubleshoot: It is difficult to identify
required than Mesh and star topology the cause of failure.
▪ Limited failure: The connection failure ▪ Data collision: When two or more devices send the
of one device doesn’t affect the data simultaneously then there is a chance of data
collision. However this can be solved by
connections of other devices on implementing CSMA techniques that we discussed
network. above.
 Network Topology – Ring Topology

▪ In ring topology each device is connected with the two devices on either side
of it.
▪ There are two dedicated point to point links a device has with the devices on
the either side of it.
▪ This structure forms a ring thus it is known as ring topology.
▪ If a device wants to send data to another device then it sends the data in one
direction, each device in ring topology has a repeater, if the received data is
intended for other device then repeater forwards this data until the intended
device receives it.
Network Topology – Ring Topology cont..
Network Topology – Ring Topology cont..

Advantages Disadvantages
▪ Easy to install. ▪ A link failure can fail the entire
▪ Managing is easier as to add or remove network as the signal will not travel
a device from the topology only two forward due to failure.
links are required to be changed. ▪ Data traffic issues, since all the data
▪ Less expensive is circulating in a ring.
▪ Easy maintenance:
 Network Topology – Star Topology

▪ In star topology each device in the

network is connected to a central device
called hub.
▪ If one device wants to send data to
other device, it has to first send the data
to hub and then the hub transmit that
data to the designated device.
▪ The central device is known as hub and
other devices connected to hub are
called clients
 Network Topology – Star Topology cont..

Advantages Disadvantages
▪ Less expensive ▪ If hub goes down everything goes down, none of the
devices can work without hub.
▪ Easier to install
▪ Hub requires more resources and regular maintenance
▪ Cost effective because it is the central system of star topology.
▪ Robust ▪ Not Scalable: There is a limit to add new devices as
each device increase the load on the central unit (hub or
▪ Easy to troubleshoot switch). This is why it is not suitable for the large
▪ Reliable networks.
 Network Topology – Tree Topology

▪ A type of network topology in which nodes are connected in such a way that it
looks like a tree.
▪ Tree topology is a combination of bus topology and star topology.
▪ In a bus topology nodes are connected to the central bus.
▪ While in a star topology nodes are connected to hubs.
▪ Tree topology is an expansion of tree and bus topology.
▪ It is also known as an extended star topology.
▪ In tree topology hubs are connected to the central bus.
▪ There is a point to point connection between every node meaning every node is
connected to a hub or concentrator.
▪ To expand a tree network you just need to attach another hub and cables.
Network Topology – Tree Topology cont..
 Network Topology – Mesh Topology

▪ In mesh topology each device is connected to every

other device on the network through a dedicated
point-to-point link.
▪ When we say dedicated it means that the link only
carries data for the two connected devices only.
▪ Lets say we have n devices in the network then each
device must be connected with (n-1) devices of the
network. Number of links in a mesh topology of n
devices would be n(n-1)/2.
 Network Topology – Mesh Topology cont..

Advantages Disadvantages
▪ No data loss ▪ Amount of wires required to
connected each system is tedious and
▪ Reliable. headache.
▪ Secure ▪ Since each device needs to be
connected with other devices,
▪ Easy to troubleshoot number of I/O ports required must
▪ Fault detection is easy be huge.
 Network Topology – Hybrid Topology

▪ A combination of two or more topology

is known as hybrid topology.
▪ For example a combination of star and
ring topology is known as star ring hybrid
topology, this topology is shown in the
diagram.
Thank You