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(AI)- sanfoundry - Artificial intelligence MCQ

Data Science (University of Solapur)

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Arti cial Intelligence MCQ (Multiple Choice

Questions)

Here are 1000 MCQs on AI (Chapterwise).

1. What is the full form of <AI=?

a) Arti cially Intelligent

b) Arti cial Intelligence

c) Arti cially Intelligence

d) Advanced Intelligence

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: AI is abbreviated as Arti cial Intelligence. It is used to create systems or build

machines to think and work like humans.

2. What is Arti cial Intelligence?

a) Arti cial Intelligence is a eld that aims to make humans more intelligent

b) Arti cial Intelligence is a eld that aims to improve the security

c) Arti cial Intelligence is a eld that aims to develop intelligent machines

d) Arti cial Intelligence is a eld that aims to mine the data

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Arti cial Intelligence is the development of intelligent systems that work and

react in the same way that humans do. Intelligence is a process or a component of the

ability to achieve goals in the world. People, animals, and a few machines all have

di erent types and degrees of intelligence.

3. Who is the inventor of Arti cial Intelligence?

a) Geo rey Hinton

b) Andrew Ng

c) John McCarthy

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d) Jürgen Schmidhuber

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: John McCarthy was a pioneer in Arti cial Intelligence research, helping to

name the eld and spending decades teaching computers to grasp concepts that are

intuitive to humans.

4. Which of the following is the branch of Arti cial Intelligence?

a) Machine Learning

b) Cyber forensics

c) Full-Stack Developer

d) Network Design

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Machine learning is one of the important sub-areas of Arti cial Intelligence

likewise Neural Networks, Computer Vision, Robotics, and NLP are also the sub-areas. In

machine learning, we build or train ML models to do certain tasks.

5. What is the goal of Arti cial Intelligence?

a) To solve arti cial problems

b) To extract scienti c causes

c) To explain various sorts of intelligence

d) To solve real-world problems

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Arti cial Intelligence9s goal is to explain various sorts of intelligence.

6. Which of the following is an application of Arti cial Intelligence?

a) It helps to exploit vulnerabilities to secure the rm

b) Language understanding and problem-solving (Text analytics and NLP)

c) Easy to create a website

d) It helps to deploy applications on the cloud

View Answer

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Answer: b

Explanation: Language understanding and problem-solving come under the NLP and Text

Analysis area which involves text recognition and sentiment analysis of the text. NLP ML

model is trained to mainly do the task which processes human language9s speech or text.

For example voice assistant.

7. In how many categories process of Arti cial Intelligence is categorized?

a) categorized into 5 categories

b) processes are categorized based on the input provided

c) categorized into 3 categories

d) process is not categorized

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: It is categorized into 3 steps Sensing, Reasoning, Acting

i) Sensing: Through the sensor taking in the data about the world

ii) Reasoning: Reasoning is thinking or processing the data sensed by the sensor.

iii) Action: On the basis of input and reasoning, acting is generating and controlling

actions in the environment.

8. Based on which of the following parameter Arti cial Intelligence is categorized?

a) Based on functionally only

b) Based on capabilities only

c) Based on capabilities and functionally

d) It is not categorized

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The two main categorizations of AI are based on the capability and

functionality. Based on capability it is divided into Arti cial Narrow Intelligence (ANI),

Arti cial General Intelligence (AGI), and Arti cial Super Intelligence (ASI). Based on

functionality it is divided into reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind, and

self-awareness.

9. Which of the following is a component of Arti cial Intelligence?

a) Learning

b) Training

c) Designing

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d) Puzzling

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Intelligence is intangible and is composed of mainly ve techniques.

Learning is the process of gaining knowledge by understanding, practicing, being taught,

or experiencing one thing. Learning enhances the awareness of any topic, hence learning

is one of the important components.

10. What is the function of an Arti cial Intelligence <Agent=?

a) Mapping of goal sequence to an action

b) Work without the direct interference of the people

c) Mapping of precept sequence to an action

d) Mapping of environment sequence to an action

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: A math function that converts a collection of perceptions into actions is

known as the agent function. The function is implemented using agent software. An

agent is responsible for the actions performed by the machine once it senses the

environment.

11. Which of the following is not a type of Arti cial Intelligence agent?

a) Learning AI agent

b) Goal-based AI agent

c) Simple re ex AI agent

d) Unity-based AI agent

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: There are mainly 5 types of agents:

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12. Which of the following is not the commonly used programming language for Arti cial

Intelligence?

a) Perl

b) Java

c) PROLOG

d) LISP

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Perl is a scripting language. Whereas other programming languages are

used to program AI machines.

13. What is the name of the Arti cial Intelligence system developed by Daniel Bobrow?

a) program known as BACON

b) system known as STUDENT

c) program known as SHRDLU

d) system known as SIMD

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: STUDENT is the name of the Arti cial Intelligence system developed by

Daniel Bobrow in 1964. Daniel Bobrow had used LISP programming language to write this

AI program for his PhD thesis.

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14. What is the function of the system Student?

a) program that can read algebra word problems only

b) system which can solve algebra word problems but not read

c) system which can read and solve algebra word problems

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The system STUDENT developed by Daniel Bobrow was written in LISP to

read and solve algebra word problems of high school books. This is referred as the

achievement in the eld of Natural Language Processing.

15. Which of the following is not an application of arti cial intelligence?

a) Face recognition system

b) Chatbots

c) LIDAR

d) DBMS

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Face recognition system, Chatbots, and LIDAR are the various applications of

AI in various elds like security system, business, automobiles etc. DBMS is used to store

and manipulate data.

16. Which of the following machine requires input from the humans but can interpret the

outputs themselves?

a) Actuators

b) Sensor

c) Agents

d) AI system

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Actuators are used in machines to convert energy from one form to another

to perform a physical function. The sensor is a device that receives signals from the

physical environment to detect the changes. Systems receive input from humans and

interpret the outputs.

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17. _________ number of informed search method are there in Arti cial Intelligence.

a) 4

b) 3

c) 2

d) 1

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: There are four types of informed search methods. The four types of

informed search method are best- rst search, Greedy best- rst search, A* search and

memory bounded heuristic search.

18. The total number of proposition symbols in AI are ________

a) 3 proposition symbols

b) 1 proposition symbols

c) 2 proposition symbols

d) No proposition symbols

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: There are totally 2 proposition symbols. The two proposition symbols are

true and false.

19. The total number of logical symbols in AI are ____________

a) There are 3 logical symbols

b) There are 5 logical symbols

c) Number of logical symbols are based on the input

d) Logical symbols are not used

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: There are totally ve logical symbols. The ve logical symbols are:

a) Negation

b) Conjunction

c) Disjunction

d) Implication

e) Biconditional

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20. Which of the following are the approaches to Arti cial Intelligence?

a) Applied approach

b) Strong approach

c) Weak approach

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Strong AI is used to build machines that can truly reason and solve

problems.

Weak AI deals with building computer-based Arti cial Intelligence that can act as if it were

intelligent but cannot truly reason and solve problems. Applied approach creates

commercially viable <smart= systems.

In the Cognitive approach, a computer is used to test theories about how the human

mind works.

21. Face Recognition system is based on which type of approach?

a) Weak AI approach

b) Applied AI approach

c) Cognitive AI approach

d) Strong AI approach

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Applied approach aims to produce commercially viable <smart= systems

such as, for example, a security system that recognizes the faces of people to provide

access. The applied approach has already enjoyed considerable success.

22. Which of the following is an advantage of arti cial intelligence?

a) Reduces the time taken to solve the problem

b) Helps in providing security

c) Have the ability to think hence makes the work easier

d) All of the above

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Arti cial intelligence creates a machine that can think and make decisions

without human involvement.

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23. Which of the following can improve the performance of an AI agent?

a) Perceiving

b) Learning

c) Observing

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: An AI agent learns from previous states by saving it and responding to the

same situation better if it occurs again in the future. Hence, learning can improve the

performance of an AI agent.

24. Which of the following is/are the composition for AI agents?

a) Program only

b) Architecture only

c) Both Program and Architecture

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: An AI agent program will implement function mapping percepts to actions.

25. On which of the following approach A basic line following robot is based?

a) Applied approach

b) Weak approach

c) Strong approach

d) Cognitive approach

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Weak approach is concerned with the development of a computer-based

arti cial intelligence that can behave intelligently but cannot really reason or solve issues.

According to Weak approach, properly con gured computers can mimic human intellect.

26. Arti cial Intelligence has evolved extremely in all the elds except for _________

a) Web mining

b) Construction of plans in real time dynamic systems

c) Understanding natural language robustly

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d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Arti cial Intelligence is used in all the elds to make work easier and

complete the work before the deadline. However, it could not excel in these elds. Hence,

these areas need more focus for improvements.

27. Which of the following is an example of arti cial intelligent agent/agents?

a) Autonomous Spacecraft

b) Human

c) Robot

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Humans can be considered agents. Sensors include eyes, ears, skin, taste

buds, and so on, whereas e ectors include hands, ngers, legs, and mouth. Agents are

robots. Sensors on robots might include a camera, sonar, infrared, bumper, and so on.

Actuators can include grippers, wheels, lights, speakers, and other components. Based

on its senses, autonomous spacecraft makes decisions on its own.

28. Which of the following is an expansion of Arti cial Intelligence application?

a) Game Playing

b) Planning and Scheduling

c) Diagnosis

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: In recent days AI is used in all sectors in di erent forms. All sectors require

intelligence and automation for its working.

29. What is an AI 8agent9?

a) Takes input from the surroundings and uses its intelligence and performs the desired

operations

b) An embedded program controlling line following robot

c) Perceives its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through

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actuators

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: An AI agent is de ned as anything that uses sensors and actuators to

perceive and act on the environment. It receives information from its surroundings via

sensors, executes operations, and outputs via actuators.

30. Which of the following environment is strategic?

a) Rational

b) Deterministic

c) Partial

d) Stochastic

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: In a deterministic environment the output is determined based on a

particular state. If the environment is deterministic except for the action of other agents

it is called deterministic.

31. What is the name of Arti cial Intelligence which allows machines to handle vague information

with a deftness that mimics human intuition?

a) Human intelligence

b) Boolean logic

c) Functional logic

d) Fuzzy logic

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Many popular goods, such as microwave ovens, cars, and plug-in circuit

boards for desktop PCs, employ the rst widely-used commercial form of Arti cial

Intelligence. It enables robots to handle ambiguous data with a dexterity that resembles

human intuition.

32. Which of the following produces hypotheses that are easy to read for humans?

a) Machine Learning

b) ILP

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c) First-order logic

d) Propositional logic

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: ILP (Inductive logic programming) is a sub eld of arti cial intelligence.

Because ILP can participate in the scienti c cycle of experimentation So that it can

produce a exible structure.

33. What does the Bayesian network provide?

a) Partial description of the domain

b) Complete description of the problem

c) Complete description of the domain

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: A Bayesian network provides a complete description of the domain.

33. What is the total number of quanti cation available in arti cial intelligence?

a) 4

b) 3

c) 1

d) 2

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: There are two types of quanti cation. They are:

a) Universal

b) Existential

34. What is Weak AI?

a) the study of mental faculties using mental models implemented on a computer

b) the embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer

c) a set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to re ect

intelligence if it were generated by humans

d) all of the mentioned

View Answer

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Answer: a

Explanation: Weak AI is the study of mental faculties using mental models implemented

on a computer.

35. Which of the following are the 5 big ideas of AI?

a) Perception

b) Human-AI Interaction

c) Societal Impact

d) All of the above

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The 5 big ideas are:

Chapterwise Multiple Choice Questions on Arti cial Intelligence

Our 1000+ MCQs focus on all topics of the Arti cial Intelligence subject, covering 100+ topics.

This will help you to prepare for exams, contests, online tests, quizzes, viva-voce, interviews, and

certi cations. You can practice these MCQs chapter by chapter starting from the 1st chapter or

you can jump to any chapter of your choice. You can also download the PDF of Arti cial

Intelligence MCQs by applying below.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions & Answers –

Agents

« Prev Next »

This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Agents=.

1. Which instruments are used for perceiving and acting upon the environment?

a) Sensors and Actuators

b) Sensors

c) Perceiver

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving and acting upon the

environment through the sensors and actuators.

2. What is meant by agent’s percept sequence?

a) Used to perceive the environment

b) Complete history of actuator

c) Complete history of perceived things

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: An agent’s percept sequence is the complete history of everything that the

agent has ever perceived.

3. How many types of agents are there in arti cial intelligence?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

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d) 4

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The four types of agents are Simple re ex, Model based, Goal based and

Utility based agents.

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4. What is the rule of simple re ex agent?

a) Simple-action rule

b) Condition-action rule

c) Simple & Condition-action rule

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Simple re ex agent is based on the present condition and so it is condition

action rule.

5. What are the composition for agents in arti cial intelligence?

a) Program

b) Architecture

c) Both Program & Architecture

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: An agent program will implement function mapping percepts to actions.

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6. In which agent does the problem generator is present?

a) Learning agent

b) Observing agent

c) Re ex agent

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d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Problem generator will give the suggestion to improve the output for

learning agent.

7. Which is used to improve the agents performance?

a) Perceiving

b) Learning

c) Observing

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: An agent can improve its performance by storing its previous actions.

8. Which agent deals with happy and unhappy states?

a) Simple re ex agent

b) Model based agent

c) Learning agent

d) Utility based agent

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: A utility function maps a state onto a real number which describes the

associated degree of happiness.

9. Which action sequences are used to achieve the agent’s goal?

a) Search

b) Plan

c) Retrieve

d) Both Search & Plan

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: When the environment becomes more tricky means, the agent needs plan

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and search action sequence to achieve the goal.

10. Which element in the agent are used for selecting external actions?

a) Perceive

b) Performance

c) Learning

d) Actuator

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

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To practice all areas of Arti cial Intelligence, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

History – 1

Next »

This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on <History

– 1=.

1. In LISP, the function returns the list that results after the rst element is removed (the rest f

the list), is __________

a) car

b) last

c) cons

d) cdr

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

2. Which of the following contains the output segments of Arti cial Intelligence programming?

a) Printed language and synthesized speech

b) Manipulation of physical object

c) Locomotion

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

3. LISP was created by?

a) John McCarthy

b) Marvin Minsky

c) Alan Turing

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d) Allen Newell and Herbert Simon

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

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4. Expert Ease was developed under the direction of __________

a) John McCarthy

b) Donald Michie

c) Lofti Zadeh

d) Alan Turing

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

5. An Arti cial Intelligence system developed by Terry A. Winograd to permit an interactive

dialogue about a domain he called blocks-world.

a) SHRDLU

b) SIMD

c) BACON

d) STUDENT

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

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Start the Test Now: Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

6. MLMenu, a natural language interface for the TI Explorer, is similar to __________

a) Ethernet

b) NaturalLink

c) PROLOG

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d) The Personal Consultant

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

7. Strong Arti cial Intelligence is __________

a) the embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer

b) a set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to re ect

intelligence if it were generated by humans

c) the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer

d) all of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

8. The traditional way to exit and LISP system is to enter __________

a) quit

b) exit

c) bye

d) ok

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

9. In which of the following situations might a blind search be acceptable?

a) real-life situation

b) complex game

c) small search space

d) all of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

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10. What is Arti cial intelligence?

a) Putting your intelligence into Computer

b) Programming with your own intelligence

c) Making a Machine intelligent

d) Playing a Game

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Because AI is to make things work automatically through machine without

using human e ort. Machine will give the result with just giving input from human. That

means the system or machine will act as per the requirement.

11. Which search method takes less memory?

a) Depth-First Search

b) Breadth-First search

c) Optimal search

d) Linear Search

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Depth-First Search takes less memory since only the nodes on the current

path are stored, but in Breadth First Search, all of the tree that has generated must be

stored.

12. A heuristic is a way of trying __________

a) To discover something or an idea embedded in a program

b) To search and measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a goal

c) To compare two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than the other is

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: In a heuristic approach, we discover certain idea and use heuristic functions

to search for a goal and predicates to compare nodes.

13. How do you represent <All dogs have tails=?

a) ٧x: dog(x) àhastail(x)

b) ٧x: dog(x) àhastail(y)

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c) ٧x: dog(y) àhastail(x)

d) ٧x: dog(x) àhasàtail(x)

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: We represent the statement in mathematical logic taking ‘x ‘as Dog and

which has tail. We cannot represent two variable x, y for the same object Dog that has

tail. The symbol < ٧ <represent all.

14. Which is not a property of representation of knowledge?

a) Representational Veri cation

b) Representational Adequacy

c) Inferential Adequacy

d) Inferential E ciency

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: There is nothing to go for Representational veri cation; the veri cation

comes under Representational adequacy.

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To practice all areas of Arti cial Intelligence, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice

Questions and Answers on Arti cial Intelligence.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Rule Based System – 2

« Prev Next »

This set of AI Questions and Answers for Entrance exams focuses on <Rule Based System – 2=.

1. Autonomous Question/Answering systems are ________________

a) Expert Systems

b) Rule Based Expert Systems

c) Decision Tree Based Systems

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

2. Which of the following are the applications of Expert systems?

a) Disease Diagnosis

b) Planning and Scheduling

c) Decision making

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

3. _________ is/are the well known Expert System/s for medical diagnosis systems.

a) MYSIN

b) CADUCEUS

c) DENDRAL

d) SMH.PAL

View Answer

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Answer: a

Explanation: None.

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4. What are the main components of the expert systems?

a) Inference Engine

b) Knowledge Base

c) Inference Engine & Knowledge Base

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Look at the general architecture of rule based expert systems.

5. There are primarily two modes for an inference engine: forward chaining and backward

chaining.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

Take Arti cial Intelligence Practice Tests - Chapterwise!

Start the Test Now: Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

6. PXDES is medical expert system, for diagnosis of lung disease.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

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7. CaDet is used for early cancer detection.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

8. MYSIN attempts to recommend appropriate therapies for patients with bacterial infections.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

9. GERMWATCHER is used to control infections caused by bacteria.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

10. ARGEX is an agricultural expert system that gives correct advice to farmers.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Semantic Net – 2

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence (AI) Question Bank focuses on <Semantic Net – 2=.

1. Which of the following is an extension of the semantic network?

a) Expert Systems

b) Rule Based Expert Systems

c) Decision Tree Based networks

d) Partitioned Networks

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

2. Basic idea of an partitioned nets is to break network into spaces which consist of groups of

nodes and arcs and regard each space as a node.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

3. Semantic Network represents _____________

a) Syntactic relation between concepts

b) Semantic relations between concepts

c) All of the mentioned

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

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Answer: b

Explanation: None.

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4. A semantic network is used when one has knowledge that is best understood as a set of

concepts that are related to one another.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

5. What are the limitations of the semantic networks?

a) Intractability

b) Lack in expressing some of the properties

c) Incomplete

d) Has memory constraints

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

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6. What among the following is/are the best example of semantic networks?

a) Wordnet

b) Human Food Chain

c) MYSIN

d) Autonomous car driver

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Wordnet is a lexical database of English.

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7. Semantic Network is also known as Frame networks.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

8. What is Synonymy relation?

a) A is part of B

b) A denotes same as B

c) A is a kind of B

d) A is superordinate of B

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

9. What is Antonymy relation?

a) A is part of B

b) B has A as a part of itself

c) A denotes opposite of B

d) A is superordinate of B

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

10. Most semantic networks are not cognitive based.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Learning – 2

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence (AI) online quiz focuses on <Learning – 2=.

1. Factors which a ect the performance of learner system does not include?

a) Representation scheme used

b) Training scenario

c) Type of feedback

d) Good data structures

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Factors which a ect the performance of learner system does not include

good data structures.

2. Which of the following does not include di erent learning methods?

a) Memorization

b) Analogy

c) Deduction

d) Introduction

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Di erent learning methods include memorization, analogy and deduction.

3. Which of the following is the model used for learning?

a) Decision trees

b) Neural networks

c) Propositional and FOL rules

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

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Answer: d

Explanation: Decision trees, Neural networks, Propositional rules and FOL rules all are

the models of learning.

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4. Automated vehicle is an example of ______

a) Supervised learning

b) Unsupervised learning

c) Active learning

d) Reinforcement learning

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: In automatic vehicle set of vision inputs and corresponding actions are

available to learner hence it’s an example of supervised learning.

5. Which of the following is an example of active learning?

a) News Recommender system

b) Dust cleaning machine

c) Automated vehicle

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: In active learning, not only the teacher is available but the learner can ask

suitable perception-action pair examples to improve performance.

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6. In which of the following learning the teacher returns reward and punishment to learner?

a) Active learning

b) Reinforcement learning

c) Supervised learning

d) Unsupervised learning

View Answer

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Answer: b

Explanation: Reinforcement learning is the type of learning in which teacher returns

reward or punishment to learner.

7. Decision trees are appropriate for the problems where ___________

a) Attributes are both numeric and nominal

b) Target function takes on a discrete number of values.

c) Data may have errors

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Decision trees can be used in all the conditions stated.

8. Which of the following is not an application of learning?

a) Data mining

b) WWW

c) Speech recognition

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: All mentioned options are applications of learning.

9. Which of the following is the component of learning system?

a) Goal

b) Model

c) Learning rules

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Goal, model, learning rules and experience are the components of learning

system.

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10. Which of the following is also called as exploratory learning?

a) Supervised learning

b) Active learning

c) Unsupervised learning

d) Reinforcement learning

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: In unsupervised learning, no teacher is available hence it is also called

unsupervised learning.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Inference in First-Order Logic

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Assessment Questions and Answers focuses on <Inference in

First-Order Logic=.

1. The rule of Universal Instantiation (UI for short) says that we can infer any sentence obtained

by substituting a ground term (a term without variables) for the variable.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Rule of universal instantiation.

2. The corresponding Existential Instantiation rule: for the existential quanti er is slightly more

complicated. For any sentence a, variable v, and constant symbol k that does not appear

elsewhere in the knowledge base.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Rule of existential instantiation.

3. What among the following could the universal instantiation of ___________

For all x King(x) ^ Greedy(x) => Evil(x)

a) King(John) ^ Greedy(John) => Evil(John)

b) King(y) ^ Greedy(y) => Evil(y)

c) King(Richard) ^ Greedy(Richard) => Evil(Richard)

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

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Answer: d

Explanation: Refer the de nition if universal instantiation.

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4. Lifted inference rules require nding substitutions that make di erent logical expressions

looks identical.

a) Existential Instantiation

b) Universal Instantiation

c) Uni cation

d) Modus Ponen

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

5. Which of the following is not the style of inference?

a) Forward Chaining

b) Backward Chaining

c) Resolution Refutation

d) Modus Ponen

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Modus ponen is a rule for an inference.

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6. In order to utilize generalized Modus Ponens, all sentences in the KB must be in the form of

Horn sentences.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

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Answer: a

Explanation: None.

7. For resolution to apply, all sentences must be in conjunctive normal form, a conjunction of

disjunctions of literals.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

8. What are the two basic types of inferences?

a) Reduction to propositional logic, Manipulate rules directly

b) Reduction to propositional logic, Apply modus ponen

c) Apply modus ponen, Manipulate rules directly

d) Convert every rule to Horn Clause, Reduction to propositional logic

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

9. Which among the following could the Existential instantiation of ∃x Crown(x) ^ OnHead(x,
Johnny)?

a) Crown(John) ^ OnHead(John, Jonny)

b) Crown(y) ^ OnHead(y, y, x)

c) Crown(x) ^ OnHead(x, Jonny)

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

10. Translate the following statement into FOL.

<For every a, if a is a PhD student, then a has a master degree=

a) ∀ a PhD(a) -> Master(a)

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b) ∃ a PhD(a) -> Master(a)

c) A is true, B is true

d) A is false, B is false

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Learning – 3

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence online test focuses on <Learning – 3=.

1. Which is not a desirable property of a logical rule-based system?

a) Locality

b) Attachment

c) Detachment

d) Truth-Functionality

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Locality: In logical systems, whenever we have a rule of the form A => B, we

can conclude B, given evidence A, without worrying about any other rules. Detachment:

Once a logical proof is found for a proposition B, the proposition can be used regardless

of how it was derived .That is, it can be detachment from its justi cation. Truth-

functionality: In logic, the truth of complex sentences can be computed from the truth of

the components. However, there are no Attachment properties lies in a Rule-based

system. Global attribute de nes a particular problem space as user speci c and changes

according to user’s plan to problem.

2. How is Fuzzy Logic di erent from conventional control methods?

a) IF and THEN Approach

b) FOR Approach

c) WHILE Approach

d) DO Approach

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: FL incorporates a simple, rule-based IF X AND Y THEN Z approach to a

solving control problem rather than attempting to model a system mathematically.

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3. In an Unsupervised learning ____________

a) Speci c output values are given

b) Speci c output values are not given

c) No speci c Inputs are given

d) Both inputs and outputs are given

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: The problem of unsupervised learning involves learning patterns in the

input when no speci c output values are supplied. We cannot expect the speci c output

to test your result. Here the agent does not know what to do, as he is not aware of the

fact what propose system will come out. We can say an ambiguous un-proposed

situation.

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4. Inductive learning involves nding a __________

a) Consistent Hypothesis

b) Inconsistent Hypothesis

c) Regular Hypothesis

d) Irregular Hypothesis

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Inductive learning involves nding a consistent hypothesis that agrees with

examples. The di culty of the task depends on the chosen representation.

5. Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and computational complexity

of __________

a) Unsupervised Learning

b) Inductive learning

c) Forced based learning

d) Weak learning

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and

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computational complexity of inductive learning. There is a tradeo between the

expressiveness of the hypothesis language and the ease of learning.

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6. If a hypothesis says it should be positive, but in fact, it is negative, we call it __________

a) A consistent hypothesis

b) A false negative hypothesis

c) A false positive hypothesis

d) A specialized hypothesis

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Consistent hypothesis go with examples, If the hypothesis says it should be

negative but infect it is positive, it is false negative. If a hypothesis says it should be

positive, but in fact, it is negative, it is false positive. In a specialized hypothesis we need

to have certain restrict or special conditions.

7. Neural Networks are complex ______________with many parameters.

a) Linear Functions

b) Nonlinear Functions

c) Discrete Functions

d) Exponential Functions

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Neural networks parameters can be learned from noisy data and they have

been used for thousands of applications, so it varies from problem to problem and thus

use nonlinear functions.

8. A perceptron is a ______________

a) Feed-forward neural network

b) Backpropagation algorithm

c) Backtracking algorithm

d) Feed Forward-backward algorithm

View Answer

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Answer: a

Explanation: A perceptron is a Feed-forward neural network with no hidden units that

can be representing only linear separable functions. If the data are linearly separable, a

simple weight updated rule can be used to t the data exactly.

9. Which of the following statement is true?

a) Not all formal languages are context-free

b) All formal languages are Context free

c) All formal languages are like natural language

d) Natural languages are context-oriented free

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Not all formal languages are context-free.

10. Which of the following statement is not true?

a) The union and concatenation of two context-free languages is context-free

b) The reverse of a context-free language is context-free, but the complement need not be

c) Every regular language is context-free because it can be described by a regular grammar

d) The intersection two context-free languages is context-free

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The union and concatenation of two context-free languages are context-

free; but intersection need not be.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

History – 2

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses on

<History of AI – 2=.

1. A series of Arti cial Intelligence systems, developed by Pat Langley to explore the role of

heuristics in scienti c discovery is ________

a) RAMD

b) BACON

c) MIT

d) DU

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

2. A.M. turing developed a technique for determining whether a computer could or could not

demonstrate the arti cial Intelligence, Presently, this technique is called __________

a) Turing Test

b) Algorithm

c) Boolean Algebra

d) Logarithm

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

3. A Personal Consultant knowledge base contain information in the form of __________

a) parameters

b) contexts

c) production rules

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d) all of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

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4. Which approach to speech recognition avoids the problem caused by the variation in speech

patterns among di erent speakers?

a) Continuous speech recognition

b) Isolated word recognition

c) Connected word recognition

d) Speaker-dependent recognition

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

5. Which of the following, is a component of an expert system?

a) inference engine

b) knowledge base

c) user interface

d) all of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

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6. A computer vision technique that relies on image templates is __________

a) edge detection

b) binocular vision

c) model-based vision

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d) robot vision

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

7. DARPA, the agency that has funded a great deal of American Arti cial Intelligence research, is

part of the Department of __________

a) Defense

b) Energy

c) Education

d) Justice

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

8. Which of these schools was not among the early leaders in Arti cial Intelligence research?

a) Dartmouth University

b) Harvard University

c) Massachusetts Institute of Technology

d) Stanford University

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

9. A certain Professor at the Stanford University coined the word 8arti cial intelligence9 in 1956 at

a conference held at Dartmouth college. Can you name the Professor?

a) David Levy

b) John McCarthy

c) Joseph Weizenbaum

d) Hans Berliner

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

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10. In LISP, the function (copy-list <list>)

a) returns a new list that is equal to <list> by copying the top-level element of <list>

b) returns the length of <list>

c) returns t if <list> is empty

d) all of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

11. Who is the <father= of arti cial intelligence?

a) Fisher Ada

b) John McCarthy

c) Allen Newell

d) Alan Turning

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

12. In 1985, the famous chess player David Levy beat a world champion chess program in four

straight games by using orthodox moves that confused the program. What was the name of the

chess program?

a) Kaissa

b) CRAY BLITZ

c) Golf

d) DIGDUG

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

13. The explanation facility of an expert system may be used to __________

a) construct a diagnostic model

b) expedite the debugging process

c) explain the system9s reasoning process

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d) expedite the debugging process & explain the system9s reasoning process

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

14. A process that is repeated, evaluated, and re ned is called __________

a) diagnostic

b) descriptive

c) interpretive

d) iterative

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

15. Visual clues that are helpful in computer vision include __________

a) color and motion

b) depth and texture

c) height and weight

d) color and motion, depth and texture

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions & Answers –

Backward Chaining

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Backward Chaining=.

1. Which algorithm will work backward from the goal to solve a problem?

a) Forward chaining

b) Backward chaining

c) Hill-climb algorithm

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Backward chaining algorithm will work backward from the goal and it will

chain the known facts that support the proof.

2. Which is mainly used for automated reasoning?

a) Backward chaining

b) Forward chaining

c) Logic programming

d) Parallel programming

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Logic programming is mainly used to check the working process of the

system.

3. What will backward chaining algorithm will return?

a) Additional statements

b) Substitutes matching the query

c) Logical statement

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d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: It will contains the list of goals containing a single element and returns the

set of all substitutions satisfying the query.

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4. How can be the goal is thought of in backward chaining algorithm?

a) Queue

b) List

c) Vector

d) Stack

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The goals can be thought of as stack and if all of them us satis ed means,

then current branch of proof succeeds.

5. What is used in backward chaining algorithm?

a) Conjuncts

b) Substitution

c) Composition of substitution

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

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6. Which algorithm are in more similar to backward chaining algorithm?

a) Depth- rst search algorithm

b) Breadth- rst search algorithm

c) Hill-climbing search algorithm

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d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: It is depth- rst search algorithm because its space requirements are linear

in the size of the proof.

7. Which problem can frequently occur in backward chaining algorithm?

a) Repeated states

b) Incompleteness

c) Complexity

d) Both Repeated states & Incompleteness

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: If there is any loop in the chain means, It will lead to incompleteness and

repeated states.

8. How the logic programming can be constructed?

a) Variables

b) Expressing knowledge in a formal language

c) Graph

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Logic programming can be constructed by expressing knowledge in a formal

expression and the problem can be solved by running inference process.

9. What form of negation does the prolog allows?

a) Negation as failure

b) Proposition

c) Substitution

d) Negation as success

View Answer

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Answer: a

Explanation: None.

10. Which is omitted in prolog uni cation algorithm?

a) Variable check

b) Occur check

c) Proposition check

d) Both Occur & Proposition check

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Occur check is omitted in prolog uni cation algorithm because of unsound

inferences.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions & Answers –

Bayesian Networks

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Bayesian Networks=.

1. How many terms are required for building a bayes model?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The three required terms are a conditional probability and two

unconditional probability.

2. What is needed to make probabilistic systems feasible in the world?

a) Reliability

b) Crucial robustness

c) Feasibility

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: On a model-based knowledge provides the crucial robustness needed to

make probabilistic system feasible in the real world.

3. Where does the bayes rule can be used?

a) Solving queries

b) Increasing complexity

c) Decreasing complexity

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d) Answering probabilistic query

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Bayes rule can be used to answer the probabilistic queries conditioned on

one piece of evidence.

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4. What does the bayesian network provides?

a) Complete description of the domain

b) Partial description of the domain

c) Complete description of the problem

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: A Bayesian network provides a complete description of the domain.

5. How the entries in the full joint probability distribution can be calculated?

a) Using variables

b) Using information

c) Both Using variables & information

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Every entry in the full joint probability distribution can be calculated from

the information in the network.

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6. How the bayesian network can be used to answer any query?

a) Full distribution

b) Joint distribution

c) Partial distribution

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d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: If a bayesian network is a representation of the joint distribution, then it can

solve any query, by summing all the relevant joint entries.

7. How the compactness of the bayesian network can be described?

a) Locally structured

b) Fully structured

c) Partial structure

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The compactness of the bayesian network is an example of a very general

property of a locally structured system.

8. To which does the local structure is associated?

a) Hybrid

b) Dependant

c) Linear

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Local structure is usually associated with linear rather than exponential

growth in complexity.

9. Which condition is used to in uence a variable directly by all the others?

a) Partially connected

b) Fully connected

c) Local connected

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

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Answer: b

Explanation: None.

10. What is the consequence between a node and its predecessors while creating bayesian

network?

a) Functionally dependent

b) Dependant

c) Conditionally independent

d) Both Conditionally dependant & Dependant

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The semantics to derive a method for constructing bayesian networks were

led to the consequence that a node can be conditionally independent of its predecessors.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Constraints Satisfaction Problems

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This set of Basic Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers focuses on <Constraints

Satisfaction Problems=.

1. _________________ are mathematical problems de ned as a set of objects whose state must

satisfy a number of constraints or limitations.

a) Constraints Satisfaction Problems

b) Uninformed Search Problems

c) Local Search Problems

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Refer de nition of CSPs.

2. Which of the Following problems can be modeled as CSP?

a) 8-Puzzle problem

b) 8-Queen problem

c) Map coloring problem

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: All of above problems involves constraints to be satis ed.

3. What among the following constitutes to the incremental formulation of CSP?

a) Path cost

b) Goal cost

c) Successor function

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d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Initial state: The empty assignment ( ), in which all variables are unassigned.

Successor function: A value can be assigned to any unassigned variable, provided it does

not con ict with previously assigned variables.

Goal test: The current assignment is complete.

Path cost: A constant cost (e.g., 1) for every step.

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4. The term ___________ is used for a depth- rst search that chooses values for one variable at a

time and returns when a variable has no legal values left to assign.

a) Forward search

b) Backtrack search

c) Hill algorithm

d) Reverse-Down-Hill search

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Refer de nition of backtracking algorithm.

5. To overcome the need to backtrack in constraint satisfaction problem can be eliminated by

____________

a) Forward Searching

b) Constraint Propagation

c) Backtrack after a forward search

d) Omitting the constraints and focusing only on goals

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Forward Searching is technique in which a forward check till k steps is made

to analyze that the goal can be achieved satiating all constraints. With constraint

propagation, constraints on a variable can be propagated to next level/hierarchy and

satis ed at that level, eliminating need to backtrack.

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6. The BACKTRACKING-SEARCH algorithm in Figure 5.3 has a very simple policy for what to do

when a branch of the search fails: back up to the preceding variable and try a di erent value for

it. This is called chronological-backtracking. It is also possible to go all the way to set of variable

that caused failure.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Intelligent backtracking

7. Consider a problem of preparing a schedule for a class of student. What type of problem is

this?

a) Search Problem

b) Backtrack Problem

c) CSP

d) Planning Problem

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Schedule developer needs to consider all constraints on teacher as well as

students.

8. Constraint satisfaction problems on nite domains are typically solved using a form of

___________

a) Search Algorithms

b) Heuristic Search Algorithms

c) Greedy Search Algorithms

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Any Search techniques can be used

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9. Solving a constraint satisfaction problem on a nite domain is an/a ___________ problem with

respect to the domain size.

a) P complete

b) NP complete

c) NP hard

d) Domain dependent

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

10. ____________ is/are useful when the original formulation of a problem is altered in some way,

typically because the set of constraints to consider evolves because of the environment.

a) Static CSPs

b) Dynamic CSPs

c) Flexible CSPs

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Refer to the de nition of Dynamic CSPs algorithm.

11. Flexible CSPs relax on _______

a) Constraints

b) Current State

c) Initial State

d) Goal State

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: De nition of exible CSPs.

12. Language/Languages used for programming Constraint Programming includes ____________

a) Prolog

b) C#

c) C

d) Fortrun

View Answer

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Answer: a

Explanation: None.

13. Backtracking is based on ____________

a) Last in rst out

b) First in rst out

c) Recursion

d) Both Last in rst out & Recursion

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Recursion uses LIFO.

14. Constraint Propagation technique actually modi es the CSP problem.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Constraints are propagated towards goal node, modifying the actual

problem.

15. When do we call the states are safely explored?

a) A goal state is unreachable from any state

b) A goal state is denied access

c) A goal state is reachable from every state

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

16. Which of the following algorithm is generally used CSP search algorithm?

a) Breadth- rst search algorithm

b) Depth- rst search algorithm

c) Hill-climbing search algorithm

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d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Provides backtrack facility.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions & Answers –

Forward Chaining

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Forward Chaining=.

1. Which condition is used to cease the growth of forward chaining?

a) Atomic sentences

b) Complex sentences

c) No further inference

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Forward chain can grow by adding new atomic sentences until no further

inference is made.

2. Which closely resembles propositional de nite clause?

a) Resolution

b) Inference

c) Conjunction

d) First-order de nite clauses

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Because they are disjunction of literals of which exactly one is positive.

3. What is the condition of variables in rst-order literals?

a) Existentially quanti ed

b) Universally quanti ed

c) Both Existentially & Universally quanti ed

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d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: First-order literals will accept variables only if they are universally quanti ed.

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4. Which are more suitable normal form to be used with de nite clause?

a) Positive literal

b) Negative literal

c) Generalized modus ponens

d) Neutral literal

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: De nite clauses are a suitable normal form for use with generalized modus

ponen.

5. Which will be the instance of the class datalog knowledge bases?

a) Variables

b) No function symbols

c) First-order de nite clauses

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: If the knowledge base contains no function symbols means, it is an instance

of the class datalog knowledge base.

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6. Which knowledge base is called as xed point?

a) First-order de nite clause are similar to propositional forward chaining

b) First-order de nite clause are mismatch to propositional forward chaining

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c) All of the mentioned

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Fixed point reached by forward chaining with rst-order de niteclause are

similar to those for propositional forward chaining.

7. How to eliminate the redundant rule matching attempts in the forward chaining?

a) Decremental forward chaining

b) Incremental forward chaining

c) Data complexity

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: We can eliminate the redundant rule matching attempts in the forward

chaining by using incremental forward chaining.

8. From where did the new fact inferred on new iteration is derived?

a) Old fact

b) Narrow fact

c) New fact

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

9. Which will solve the conjuncts of the rule so that the total cost is minimized?

a) Constraint variable

b) Conjunct ordering

c) Data complexity

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

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Answer: b

Explanation: Conjunct ordering will nd an ordering to solve the conjuncts of the rule

premise so that the total cost is minimized.

10. How many possible sources of complexity are there in forward chaining?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The three possible sources of complexity are an inner loop, algorithm

rechecks every rule on every iteration, algorithm might generate many facts irrelevant to

the goal.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Game Theory

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on <Game

Theory=.

1. General games involves ____________

a) Single-agent

b) Multi-agent

c) Neither Single-agent nor Multi-agent

d) Only Single-agent and Multi-agent

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Depending upon games it could be single agent (Sudoku) or multi-agent

(Chess).

2. Adversarial search problems uses ____________

a) Competitive Environment

b) Cooperative Environment

c) Neither Competitive nor Cooperative Environment

d) Only Competitive and Cooperative Environment

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Since in cooperative environment agents’ goals are I con icts. They compete

for goal.

3. Mathematical game theory, a branch of economics, views any multi-agent environment as a

game provided that the impact of each agent on the others is <signi cant,= regardless of whether

the agents are cooperative or competitive.

a) True

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b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

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4. Zero sum games are the one in which there are two agents whose actions must alternate and

in which the utility values at the end of the game are always the same.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Utility values are always same and opposite.

5. Zero sum game has to be a ______ game.

a) Single player

b) Two player

c) Multiplayer

d) Three player

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Zero sum games could be multiplayer games as long as the condition for

zero sum game is satis ed.

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6. A game can be formally de ned as a kind of search problem with the following components.

a) Initial State

b) Successor Function

c) Terminal Test

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d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The initial state includes the board position and identi es the player to

move. A successor function returns a list of (move, state) pairs, each indicating a legal

move and the resulting state. A terminal test determines when the game is over. States

where the game has ended are called terminal states. A utility function (also called an

objective function or payo function), which gives a numeric value for the terminal states.

In chess, the outcome is a win, lose, or draw, with values +1, -1, or 0.

7. The initial state and the legal moves for each side de ne the __________ for the game.

a) Search Tree

b) Game Tree

c) State Space Search

d) Forest

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: An example of game tree for Tic-Tac-Toe game.

8. General algorithm applied on game tree for making decision of win/lose is ____________

a) DFS/BFS Search Algorithms

b) Heuristic Search Algorithms

c) Greedy Search Algorithms

d) MIN/MAX Algorithms

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Given a game tree, the optimal strategy can be determined by examining

the min/max value of each node, which we write as MINIMAX- VALUE(n). The min/max

value of a node is the utility (for MAX) of being in the corresponding state, assuming that

both players play optimally from there to the end of the game. Obviously, the min/max

value of a terminal state is just its utility. Furthermore, given a choice, MAX will prefer to

move to a state of maximum value, whereas MIN prefers a state of minimum value.

9. The minimax algorithm computes the minimax decision from the current state. It uses a

simple recursive computation of the minimax values of each successor state, directly

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implementing the de ning equations. The recursion proceeds all the way down to the leaves of

the tree, and then the minimax values are backed up through the tree as the recursion unwinds.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Refer de nition of minimax algorithm.

10. What is the complexity of minimax algorithm?

a) Same as of DFS

b) Space – bm and time – bm

c) Time – bm and space – bm

d) Same as BFS

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Same as DFS.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions & Answers –

Informed Search Strategy

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Informed Search Strategy=.

1. What is the other name of informed search strategy?

a) Simple search

b) Heuristic search

c) Online search

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: A key point of informed search strategy is heuristic function, So it is called as

heuristic function.

2. How many types of informed search method are in arti cial intelligence?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The four types of informed search method are best- rst search, Greedy

best- rst search, A* search and memory bounded heuristic search.

3. Which search uses the problem speci c knowledge beyond the de nition of the problem?

a) Informed search

b) Depth- rst search

c) Breadth- rst search

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d) Uninformed search

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Informed search can solve the problem beyond the function de nition, So

does it can nd the solution more e ciently.

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4. Which function will select the lowest expansion node at rst for evaluation?

a) Greedy best- rst search

b) Best- rst search

c) Depth- rst search

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: The lowest expansion node is selected because the evaluation measures

distance to the goal.

5. What is the heuristic function of greedy best- rst search?

a) f(n) != h(n)

b) f(n) < h(n)

c) f(n) = h(n)

d) f(n) > h(n)

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

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6. Which search uses only the linear space for searching?

a) Best- rst search

b) Recursive best- rst search

c) Depth- rst search

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d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Recursive best- rst search will mimic the operation of standard best- rst

search, but using only the linear space.

7. Which method is used to search better by learning?

a) Best- rst search

b) Depth- rst search

c) Metalevel state space

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: This search strategy will help to problem solving e ciency by using learning.

8. Which search is complete and optimal when h(n) is consistent?

a) Best- rst search

b) Depth- rst search

c) Both Best- rst & Depth- rst search

d) A* search

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

9. Which is used to improve the performance of heuristic search?

a) Quality of nodes

b) Quality of heuristic function

c) Simple form of nodes

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Good heuristic can be constructed by relaxing the problem, So the

performance of heuristic search can be improved.

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10. Which search method will expand the node that is closest to the goal?

a) Best- rst search

b) Greedy best- rst search

c) A* search

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Because of using greedy best- rst search, It will quickly lead to the solution

of the problem.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Intelligent Agents and Environment

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Intelligent Agents and Environment=.

1. What is Arti cial intelligence?

a) Putting your intelligence into Computer

b) Programming with your own intelligence

c) Making a Machine intelligent

d) Playing a Game

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Because AI is to make things work automatically through machine without

using human e ort. Machine will give the result with just giving input from human. That

means the system or machine will act as per the requirement.

2. Which is not the commonly used programming language for AI?

a) PROLOG

b) Java

c) LISP

d) Perl

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Because Perl is used as a script language, and not of much use for AI

practice. All others are used to generate an arti cial program.

3. Arti cial Intelligence has its expansion in the following application.

a) Planning and Scheduling

b) Game Playing

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c) Diagnosis

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: All sectors require intelligence and automation for its working.

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4. What is an 8agent9?

a) Perceives its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through

actuators

b) Takes input from the surroundings and uses its intelligence and performs the desired

operations

c) A embedded program controlling line following robot

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving and acting upon the

environment through the sensors and actuators. Mean it takes input from its

environment through sensors, performs operation and gives output through actuators.

5. Agents behavior can be best described by ____________

a) Perception sequence

b) Agent function

c) Sensors and Actuators

d) Environment in which agent is performing

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: An agent9s behavior is described by the agent function that maps any given

percept sequence to an action, which can be implemented by agent program. The agent

function is an abstract mathematical description; the agent program is a concrete

implementation, running on the agent architecture.

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6. Rational agent is the one who always does the right thing.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Rational agent is the one who always does the right thing Right in a sense

that it makes the agent the most successful.

7. Performance Measures are xed for all agents.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: As a general rule, it is better to design performance measures according to

what one actually wants in the environment, rather than according to how one thinks the

agent should behave.

8. What is rational at any given time depends on?

a) The performance measure that de nes the criterion of success

b) The agent9s prior knowledge of the environment

c) The actions that the agent can perform

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: For each possible percept sequence, a rational agent should select an action

that is expected to maximize its performance measure, given the evidence provided by

the percept sequence and whatever built-in knowledge the agent has.

9. An omniscient agent knows the actual outcome of its actions and can act accordingly; but

omniscience is impossible in reality. Rational Agent always does the right thing; but Rationality is

possible in reality.

a) True

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b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Refer the de nition of rational and omniscient agents.

10. The Task Environment of an agent consists of ____________

a) Sensors

b) Actuators

c) Performance Measures

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The task environment of an agent is described by four parts performance

measures, sensors, actuators and environment, generally known as the PEAS

descriptions.

11. What could possibly be the environment of a Satellite Image Analysis System?

a) Computers in space and earth

b) Image categorization techniques

c) Statistical data on image pixel intensity value and histograms

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: An environment is something which agent stays in.

12. Categorize Crossword puzzle in Fully Observable / Partially Observable.

a) Fully Observable

b) partially Observable

c) All of the mentioned

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: In crossword puzzle an agent knows the complete state of the environment

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through its sensors.

13. The game of Poker is a single agent.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: The game of poker involves multiple player, hence its works in Multi-agent

environment.

14. Satellite Image Analysis System is (Choose the one that is not applicable).

a) Episodic

b) Semi-Static

c) Single agent

d) Partially Observable

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: System knows the current status of the analysis thought its inputs.

15. An agent is composed of ________

a) Architecture

b) Agent Function

c) Perception Sequence

d) Architecture and Program

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving and acting upon the

environment through the sensors and actuators.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Knowledge and Reasoning

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Knowledge and Reasoning=.

1. Knowledge and reasoning also play a crucial role in dealing with __________________

environment.

a) Completely Observable

b) Partially Observable

c) Neither Completely nor Partially Observable

d) Only Completely and Partially Observable

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Knowledge and reasoning could aid to reveal other factors that could

complete environment.

2. Treatment chosen by doctor for a patient for a disease is based on _____________

a) Only current symptoms

b) Current symptoms plus some knowledge from the textbooks

c) Current symptoms plus some knowledge from the textbooks plus experience

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

3. A knowledge-based agent can combine general knowledge with current percepts to infer

hidden aspects of the current state prior to selecting actions.

a) True

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b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Refer de nition of Knowledge based agents.

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4. A) Knowledge base (KB) is consists of set of statements.

B) Inference is deriving a new sentence from the KB.

Choose the correct option.

a) A is true, B is true

b) A is false, B is false

c) A is true, B is false

d) A is false, B is true

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

5. Wumpus World is a classic problem, best example of _______

a) Single player Game

b) Two player Game

c) Reasoning with Knowledge

d) Knowledge based Game

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Refer the de nition of Wumpus World Problem.

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³ |= ´ ‘(to mean that the sentence ³ entails the sentence ´) if and only if, in every model in
6. ‘

which ³ is _____ ´ is also _____

a) True, true

b) True, false

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c) False, true

d) False, false

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Refer the de nition of law of entailment.

7. Which is not a property of representation of knowledge?

a) Representational Veri cation

b) Representational Adequacy

c) Inferential Adequacy

d) Inferential E ciency

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

8. Which is not Familiar Connectives in First Order Logic?

a) and

b) i

c) or

d) not

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: <not= is coming under propositional logic and is therefore not a connective.

9. Inference algorithm is complete only if _____________

a) It can derive any sentence

b) It can derive any sentence that is an entailed version

c) It is truth preserving

d) It can derive any sentence that is an entailed version & It is truth preserving

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

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10. An inference algorithm that derives only entailed sentences is called sound or truth-

preserving.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions & Answers –

Learning – 1

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Learning – 1=.

1. What will take place as the agent observes its interactions with the world?

a) Learning

b) Hearing

c) Perceiving

d) Speech

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Learning will take place as the agent observes its interactions with the world

and its own decision making process.

2. Which modi es the performance element so that it makes better decision?

a) Performance element

b) Changing element

c) Learning element

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: A learning element modi es the performance element so that it can make

better decision.

3. How many things are concerned in the design of a learning element?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

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d) 4

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The three main issues are a ected in design of a learning element are

components, feedback and representation.

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4. What is used in determining the nature of the learning problem?

a) Environment

b) Feedback

c) Problem

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: The type of feedback is used in determining the nature of the learning

problem that the agent faces.

5. How many types are available in machine learning?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The three types of machine learning are supervised, unsupervised and

reinforcement.

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6. Which is used for utility functions in game playing algorithm?

a) Linear polynomial

b) Weighted polynomial

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c) Polynomial

d) Linear weighted polynomial

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Linear weighted polynomial is used for learning element in the game playing

programs.

7. Which is used to choose among multiple consistent hypotheses?

a) Razor

b) Ockham razor

c) Learning element

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Ockham razor prefers the simplest hypothesis consistent with the data

intuitively.

8. What will happen if the hypothesis space contains the true function?

a) Realizable

b) Unrealizable

c) Both Realizable & Unrealizable

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: A learning problem is realizable if the hypothesis space contains the true

function.

9. What takes input as an object described by a set of attributes?

a) Tree

b) Graph

c) Decision graph

d) Decision tree

View Answer

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Answer: d

Explanation: Decision tree takes input as an object described by a set of attributes and

returns a decision.

10. How the decision tree reaches its decision?

a) Single test

b) Two test

c) Sequence of test

d) No test

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: A decision tree reaches its decision by performing a sequence of tests.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions & Answers –

Online Search Agent

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on <Online

Search Agent=.

1. Which search agent operates by interleaving computation and action?

a) O ine search

b) Online search

c) Breadth- rst search

d) Depth- rst search

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: In online search, it will rst take an action and then observes the

environment.

2. What is called an exploration problem?

a) State and actions are unknown to the agent

b) State and actions are known to the agent

c) Only actions are known to agent

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Online search is a necessary idea for an exploration problem where the

states and actions are unknown to the agent.

3. Which are necessary for an agent to solve an online search problem?

a) Actions

b) Step-cost function

c) Goal-test

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d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: An online search problem can be solved by an agent executing actions, So

these functions are necessary.

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4. When do we call the states are safely explorable?

a) A goal state is unreachable from any state

b) A goal state is denied access

c) A goal state is reachable from every state

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

5. In which state spaces does the online-dfs-agent will work?

a) Irreversible state spaces

b) Reversible state spaces

c) Searchable state spaces

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Online-DFS-Agent will work only state spaces where the actions are

reversible.

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6. Which of the following algorithm is online search algorithm?

a) Breadth- rst search algorithm

b) Depth- rst search algorithm

c) Hill-climbing search algorithm

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d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Hill-climbing search algorithm will have only current state in memory, So it is

an online search algorithm.

7. Which search algorithm will use limited amount of memory?

a) RBFS

b) SMA*

c) Hill-climbing search algorithm

d) Both RBFS & SMA*

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: RBFE and SMA* will solve any kind of problem that A* can’t by using limited

amount of memory.

8. What is meant by simulated annealing in arti cial intelligence?

a) Returns an optimal solution when there is a proper cooling schedule

b) Returns an optimal solution when there is no proper cooling schedule

c) It will not return an optimal solution when there is a proper cooling schedule

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

9. How the new states are generated in genetic algorithm?

a) Composition

b) Mutation

c) Cross-over

d) Both Mutation & Cross-over

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: New states are generated by mutation and by crossover, which combines a

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pair of states from the population.

10. Which method is e ective for escaping from local minima?

a) Updating heuristic estimate

b) Reducing heuristic estimate

c) Eliminating heuristic estimate

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Updating heuristic estimates from experience provides an e ective method

to escape from local minima.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions & Answers –

Probability Notation

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Probability Notation=.

1. How many issues are available in describing degree of belief?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: The main issues for degree of belief are nature of the sentences and the

dependance of degree of the belief.

2. What is used for probability theory sentences?

a) Conditional logic

b) Logic

c) Extension of propositional logic

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The version of probability theory we present uses an extension of

propositional logic for its sentences.

3. Where does the dependance of experience is re ected in prior probability sentences?

a) Syntactic distinction

b) Semantic distinction

c) Both Syntactic & Semantic distinction

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d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The dependance on experience is re ected in the syntactic distinction

between prior probability statements.

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4. Where does the degree of belief is applied?

a) Propositions

b) Literals

c) Variables

d) Statements

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

5. How many formal languages are used for stating propositions?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: The two formal languages used for stating propositions are propositional

logic and rst-order logic.

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6. What is the basic element of a language?

a) Literal

b) Variable

c) Random variable

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d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The basic element for a language is the random variable, which can be

thought as a part of world and its status is initially unknown.

7. How many types of random variables are available?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The three types of random variables are boolean, discrete and continuous.

8. Which is the complete speci cation of the state of the world?

a) Atomic event

b) Complex event

c) Simple event

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: An atomic event is the complete speci cation of the state of the world about

which the event is uncertain.

9. Which variable cannot be written in entire distribution as a table?

a) Discrete

b) Continuous

c) Both Discrete & Continuous

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: For continuous variables, it is not possible to write out the entire distribution

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as a table.

10. What is meant by probability density function?

a) Probability distributions

b) Continuous variable

c) Discrete variable

d) Probability distributions for Continuous variables

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Problem Solving

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Problem Solving=.

1. What is the main task of a problem-solving agent?

a) Solve the given problem and reach to goal

b) To nd out which sequence of action will get it to the goal state

c) All of the mentioned

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The problem-solving agents are one of the goal-based agents.

2. What is state space?

a) The whole problem

b) Your De nition to a problem

c) Problem you design

d) Representing your problem with variable and parameter

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Because state space is mostly concerned with a problem, when you try to

solve a problem, we have to design a mathematical structure to the problem, which can

only be through variables and parameters. eg. You have given a 4-gallon jug and another

3-gallon jug. Neither has measuring marker on it. You have to ll the jugs with water. How

can you get exactly 2 gallons of water in to 4 gallons. Here the state space can de ned as

set of ordered pairs integers(x,y), such that x=0,1,2,3 or 4 and y=0,1,2 or 3; X represents

the number of gallons in 4 gallon jug and y represents the quantity of water in the 3-

gallon jug.

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3. The problem-solving agent with several immediate options of unknown value can decide what

to do by just examining di erent possible sequences of actions that lead to states of known

value, and then choosing the best sequence. This process of looking for such a sequence is called

Search.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Refer to the de nition of problem-solving agent.

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4. A search algorithm takes _________ as an input and returns ________ as an output.

a) Input, output

b) Problem, solution

c) Solution, problem

d) Parameters, sequence of actions

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: A search algorithm takes input as a problem and returns a solution to the

problem as an output.

5. A problem in a search space is de ned by one of these state.

a) Initial state

b) Last state

c) Intermediate state

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: A problem has four components initial state, goal test, set of actions, path

cost.

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6. The Set of actions for a problem in a state space is formulated by a ___________

a) Intermediate states

b) Initial state

c) Successor function, which takes current action and returns next immediate state

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The most common formulation for actions uses a successor function. Given

a particular state x, SUCCESSOR-FN(x) returns a set of (action, successor) ordered pairs,

where each action is one of the legal actions in state x and each successor is a state that

can be reached from x by applying the action.

7. A solution to a problem is a path from the initial state to a goal state. Solution quality is

measured by the path cost function, and an optimal solution has the highest path cost among all

solutions.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: A solution to a problem is a path from the initial state to a goal state.

Solution quality is measured by the path cost function, and an optimal solution has the

lowest path cost among all solutions.

8. The process of removing detail from a given state representation is called ______

a) Extraction

b) Abstraction

c) Information Retrieval

d) Mining of data

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: The process of removing detail from a representation is called abstraction.

9. A problem solving approach works well for ______________

a) 8-Puzzle problem

b) 8-queen problem

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c) Finding a optimal path from a given source to a destination

d) Mars Hover (Robot Navigation)

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Problem-solving approach works well for toy problems and real-world

problems.

10. The _______ is a touring problem in which each city must be visited exactly once. The aim is to

nd the shortest tour.

a) Finding shortest path between a source and a destination

b) Travelling Salesman problem

c) Map coloring problem

d) Depth rst search traversal on a given map represented as a graph

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Refer the TSP problem.

11. Web Crawler is a/an ____________

a) Intelligent goal-based agent

b) Problem-solving agent

c) Simple re ex agent

d) Model based agent

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Web Crawling is type of search for a relevant document from given seed

documents. Focused crawlers exists, helps to improvise the search e ciency.

12. What is the major component/components for measuring the performance of problem

solving?

a) Completeness

b) Optimality

c) Time and Space complexity

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

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Answer: d

Explanation: For best performance consideration of all component is necessary.

13. A production rule consists of ____________

a) A set of Rule

b) A sequence of steps

c) Set of Rule & sequence of steps

d) Arbitrary representation to problem

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: When you are trying to solve a problem, you should design how to get a

step-by-step solution with constraints condition to your problem, e.g Chess board

problem.

14. Which search method takes less memory?

a) Depth-First Search

b) Breadth-First search

c) Linear Search

d) Optimal search

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Depth-First Search takes less memory since only the nodes on the current

path are stored, but in Breadth First Search, all of the tree that has generated must be

stored.

15. Which is the best way to go for Game playing problem?

a) Linear approach

b) Heuristic approach (Some knowledge is stored)

c) Random approach

d) An Optimal approach

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: We use a Heuristic approach, as it will nd out brute force computation,

looking at hundreds of thousands of positions. e.g Chess competition between Human

and AI based Computer.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Rule Based System – 1

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on <Rule

Based System – 1=.

1. Instead of representing knowledge in a relatively declarative, static way (as a bunch of things

that are true), rule-based system represent knowledge in terms of___________ that tell you what

you should do or what you could conclude in di erent situations.

a) Raw Text

b) A bunch of rules

c) Summarized Text

d) Collection of various Texts

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: None.

2. A rule-based system consists of a bunch of IF-THEN rules.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

3. In a backward chaining system you start with the initial facts, and keep using the rules to draw

new conclusions (or take certain actions) given those facts.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

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Answer: b

Explanation: Refer the de nition of backward chaining.

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4. In a backward chaining system, you start with some hypothesis (or goal) you are trying to

prove, and keep looking for rules that would allow you to conclude that hypothesis, perhaps

setting new sub-goals to prove as you go.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

5. Forward chaining systems are _____________ where as backward chaining systems are

___________

a) Goal-driven, goal-driven

b) Goal-driven, data-driven

c) Data-driven, goal-driven

d) Data-driven, data-driven

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: None.

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6. A Horn clause is a clause with _______ positive literal.

a) At least one

b) At most one

c) None

d) All

View Answer

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Answer: b

Explanation: Refer to the de nition of Horn Clauses.

7. ___________ trees can be used to infer in Horn clause systems.

a) Min/Max Tree

b) And/Or Trees

c) Minimum Spanning Trees

d) Binary Search Trees

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Take the analogy using min/max trees in game theory.

8. An expert system is a computer program that contains some of the subject-speci c knowledge

of one or more human experts.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

9. A knowledge engineer has the job of extracting knowledge from an expert and building the

expert system knowledge base.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Semantic Net – 1

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Semantic Net – 1=.

1. What among the following constitutes the representation of the knowledge in di erent forms?

a) Relational method where each fact is set out systematically in columns

b) Inheritable knowledge where relational knowledge is made up of objects

c) Inferential knowledge

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

2. What are Semantic Networks?

a) A way of representing knowledge

b) Data Structure

c) Data Type

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

3. Graph used to represent semantic network is _____________

a) Undirected graph

b) Directed graph

c) Directed Acyclic graph (DAG)

d) Directed complete graph

View Answer

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Answer: b

Explanation: Semantic Network is a directed graph consisting of vertices, which represent

concepts and edges, which represent semantic relations between the concepts.

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4. Which of the following are the Semantic Relations used in Semantic Networks?

a) Meronymy

b) Holonymy

c) Hyponymy

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

5. What is Meronymy relation?

a) A is part of B

b) B has A as a part of itself

c) A is a kind of B

d) A is superordinate of B

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: A meronym denotes a constituent part of or a member of something. That

is,

<X= is a meronym of <Y= if Xs are parts of Y(s), or

<X= is a meronym of <Y= if Xs are members of Y(s).

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6. What is Hypernym relation?

a) A is part of B

b) B has A as a part of itself

c) A is a kind of B

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d) A is superordinate of B

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: In linguistics, a hyponym is a word or phrase whose semantic eld is

included within that of another word, its hypernym (sometimes spelled hypernym

outside of the natural language processing community). In simpler terms, a hyponym

shares a type-of relationship with its hypernym.

7. What is Holonymy relation?

a) A is part of B

b) B has A as a part of itself

c) A is a kind of B

d) A is superordinate of B

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Holonymy (in Greek holon = whole and onoma = name) is a semantic

relation. Holonymy de nes the relationship between a term denoting the whole and a

term denoting a part of, or a member of, the whole. That is,

8X9 is a holonym of 8Y9 if Ys are parts of Xs, or

8X9 is a holonym of 8Y9 if Ys are members of Xs.

8. The basic inference mechanism in semantic network is to follow the links between the nodes.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

9. There exists two way to infer using semantic networks.

1) Intersection Search

2) Inheritance Search

a) True

b) False

View Answer

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Answer: a

Explanation: None.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions & Answers –

State Space Search

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on <State

Space Search=.

1. Which is the most straightforward approach for planning algorithm?

a) Best- rst search

b) State-space search

c) Depth- rst search

d) Hill-climbing search

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: The straightforward approach for planning algorithm is state space search

because it takes into account of everything for nding a solution.

2. What are taken into account of state-space search?

a) Postconditions

b) Preconditions

c) E ects

d) Both Preconditions & E ects

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The state-space search takes both precondition and e ects into account for

solving a problem.

3. How many ways are available to solve the state-space search?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

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d) 4

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: There are two ways available to solve the state-space search. They are

forward from the initial state and backward from the goal.

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4. What is the other name for forward state-space search?

a) Progression planning

b) Regression planning

c) Test planning

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: It is sometimes called as progression planning, because it moves in the

forward direction.

5. How many states are available in state-space search?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: There are four states available in state-space search. They are initial state,

actions, goal test and step cost.

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6. What is the main advantage of backward state-space search?

a) Cost

b) Actions

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c) Relevant actions

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The main advantage of backward search will allow us to consider only

relevant actions.

7. What is the other name of the backward state-space search?

a) Regression planning

b) Progression planning

c) State planning

d) Test planning

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Backward state-space search will nd the solution from goal to the action,

So it is called as Regression planning.

8. What is meant by consistent in state-space search?

a) Change in the desired literals

b) Not any change in the literals

c) No change in goal state

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Consistent means that the completed actions will not undo any desired

literals.

9. What will happen if a predecessor description is generated that is satis ed by the initial state

of the planning problem?

a) Success

b) Error

c) Compilation

d) Termination

View Answer

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Answer: d

Explanation: None.

10. Which approach is to pretend that a pure divide and conquer algorithm will work?

a) Goal independence

b) Subgoal independence

c) Both Goal & Subgoal independence

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Subgoal independence approach is to pretend that a pure divide and

conquer algorithm will work for admissible heuristics.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Uncertain Knowledge and Reasoning

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Uncertain Knowledge and Reasoning=.

1. Using logic to represent and reason we can represent knowledge about the world with facts

and rules.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: None.

2. Uncertainty arises in the wumpus world because the agent’s sensors give only ___________

a) Full & Global information

b) Partial & Global Information

c) Partial & local Information

d) Full & local information

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The Wumpus world is a grid of squares surrounded by walls, where each

square can contain agents and objects. The agent (you) always starts in the lower left

corner, a square that will be labeled [1, 1]. The agent’s task is to nd the gold, return to [1,

1] and climb out of the cave. So uncertainty is there as the agent gives partial and local

information only. Global variable are not goal speci c problem solving.

3. A Hybrid Bayesian network contains ___________

a) Both discrete and continuous variables

b) Only Discrete variables

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c) Only Discontinuous variable

d) Both Discrete and Discontinuous variable

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: To specify a Hybrid network, we have to specify two new kinds of

distributions: the conditional distribution for continuous variables given discrete or

continuous parents, and the conditional distribution for a discrete variable given

continuous parents.

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4. How is Fuzzy Logic di erent from conventional control methods?

a) IF and THEN Approach

b) FOR Approach

c) WHILE Approach

d) DO Approach

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: FL incorporates a simple, rule-based IF X AND Y THEN Z approach to a

solving control problem rather than attempting to model a system mathematically.

5. If a hypothesis says it should be positive, but in fact it is negative, we call it ___________

a) A consistent hypothesis

b) A false negative hypothesis

c) A false positive hypothesis

d) A specialized hypothesis

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Consistent hypothesis go with examples, If the hypothesis says it should be

negative but in fact it is positive, it is false negative. If a hypothesis says it should be

positive, but in fact it is negative, it is false positive. In a specialized hypothesis we need to

have certain restrict or special conditions.

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6. The primitives in probabilistic reasoning are random variables.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The primitives in probabilistic reasoning are random variables. Just like

primitives in Propositional Logic are propositions. A random variable is not in fact a

variable, but a function from a sample space S to another space, often the real numbers.

7. Which is true for Decision theory?

a) Decision Theory = Probability theory + utility theory

b) Decision Theory = Inference theory + utility theory

c) Decision Theory = Uncertainty + utility theory

d) Decision Theory = Probability theory + preference

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The Wumpus world is a grid of squares surrounded by walls, where each

square can contain agents and objects. The agent (you) always starts in the lower left

corner, a square that will be labeled [1, 1]. The agent’s task is to nd the gold, return to [1,

1] and climb out of the cave. So uncertainty is there as the agent gives partial and local

information only. Global variable are not goal speci c problem solving.

8. A constructive approach in which no commitment is made unless it is necessary to do so is

___________

a) Least commitment approach

b) Most commitment approach

c) Nonlinear planning

d) Opportunistic planning

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Because we are not sure about the outcome.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions and Answers –

Uninformed Search and Exploration

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Uninformed Search and Exploration=.

1. What is the general term of Blind searching?

a) Informed Search

b) Uninformed Search

c) Informed & Unformed Search

d) Heuristic Search

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: In case of uninformed search no additional information except the problem

de nition is given.

2. Strategies that know whether one non-goal state is <more promising= than another are called

___________

a) Informed & Unformed Search

b) Unformed Search

c) Heuristic & Unformed Search

d) Informed & Heuristic Search

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Strategies that know whether one non-goal state is <more promising= than

another are called informed search or heuristic search strategies.

3. Which of the following is/are Uninformed Search technique/techniques?

a) Breadth First Search (BFS)

b) Depth First Search (DFS)

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c) Bidirectional Search

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Several uninformed search techniques includes BFS, DFS, Uniform-cost,

Depth-limited, Bidirectional search etc.

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4. Which data structure conveniently used to implement BFS?

a) Stacks

b) Queues

c) Priority Queues

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Queue is the most convenient data structure, but memory used to store

nodes can be reduced by using circular queues.

5. Which data structure conveniently used to implement DFS?

a) Stacks

b) Queues

c) Priority Queues

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: DFS requires node to be expanded the one most recent visited, hence stack

is convenient to implement.

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6. The time and space complexity of BFS is (For time and space complexity problems consider b

as branching factor and d as depth of the search tree.)

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a) O(bd+1) and O(bd+1)

b) O(b2) and O(d2)

c) O(d2) and O(b2)

d) O(d2) and O(d2)

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: We consider a hypothetical state space where every state has b successors.

The root of the search tree generates b nodes at the rst level, each of which generates b

more nodes, for a total of b2 at the second level. Each of these generates b more nodes,

yielding b3 nodes at the third level, and so on. Now suppose that the solution is at depth

d. In the worst case, we would expand all but the last node at level d (since the goal itself

is not expanded), generating bd+1- b nodes at level d+1.

7. Breadth- rst search is not optimal when all step costs are equal, because it always expands

the shallowest unexpanded node.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Breadth- rst search is optimal when all step costs are equal, because it

always expands the shallowest unexpanded node. If the solution exists in shallowest

node no irrelevant nodes are expanded.

8. uniform-cost search expands the node n with the __________

a) Lowest path cost

b) Heuristic cost

c) Highest path cost

d) Average path cost

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Uniform-cost search expands the node n with the lowest path cost. Note

that if all step costs are equal, this is identical to breadth- rst search.

9. Depth- rst search always expands the ______ node in the current fringe of the search tree.

a) Shallowest

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b) Child node

c) Deepest

d) Minimum cost

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Depth- rst search always expands the deepest/leaf node in the current

fringe of the search tree.

10. Breadth- rst search always expands the ______ node in the current fringe of the search tree.

a) Shallowest

b) Child node

c) Deepest

d) Minimum cost

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Breadth- rst search always expands the shallowest node in the current

fringe of the search tree. Traversal is performed level wise.

11. Optimality of BFS is ___________

a) When there is less number of nodes

b) When all step costs are equal

c) When all step costs are unequal

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: It always expands the shallowest unexpanded node.

12. LIFO is ______ where as FIFO is ________

a) Stack, Queue

b) Queue, Stack

c) Priority Queue, Stack

d) Stack. Priority Queue

View Answer

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Answer: a

Explanation: LIFO is last in rst out – Stack. FIFO is rst in rst out – Queue.

13. When the environment of an agent is partially observable in search space following

problem/problems could occur.

a) Sensorless problems: If the agent has no sensors at all, then (as far as it knows) it could be in

one of several possible initial states, and each action might therefore lead to one of several

possible successor states

b) Contingency problems: If the environment is partially observable or if actions are uncertain,

then the agent’s percepts provide new information after each action. Each possible percept

de nes a contingency that must be planned for. A problem is called adversarial if the uncertainty

is caused by the actions of another agent

c) Exploration problems: When the states and actions of the environment are unknown, the

agent must act to discover them. Exploration problems can be viewed as an extreme case of

contingency problems

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: None.

14. For general graph, how one can get rid of repeated states?

a) By maintaining a list of visited vertices

b) By maintaining a list of traversed edges

c) By maintaining a list of non-visited vertices

d) By maintaining a list of non-traversed edges

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Other techniques are costly.

15. DFS is ______ e cient and BFS is __________ e cient.

a) Space, Time

b) Time, Space

c) Time, Time

d) Space, Space

View Answer

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Answer: a

Explanation: None.

16. The main idea of Bidirectional search is to reduce the time complexity by searching two way

simultaneously from start node and another from goal node.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The idea behind bidirectional search is to run two simultaneous searches-

one forward from the initial state and the other backward from the goal, stopping when

the two searches meet in the middle. The motivation is that bd/2 + bd/2 is much less than

bd.

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Arti cial Intelligence Questions & Answers –

Uninformed Search Strategy

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This set of Arti cial Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on

<Uninformed Search Strategy=.

1. Which search strategy is also called as blind search?

a) Uninformed search

b) Informed search

c) Simple re ex search

d) All of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: In blind search, We can search the states without having any additional

information. So uninformed search method is blind search.

2. How many types are available in uninformed search method?

a) 3

b) 4

c) 5

d) 6

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The ve types of uninformed search method are Breadth- rst, Uniform-cost,

Depth- rst, Depth-limited and Bidirectional search.

3. Which search is implemented with an empty rst-in- rst-out queue?

a) Depth- rst search

b) Breadth- rst search

c) Bidirectional search

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d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Because of FIFO queue, it will assure that the nodes that are visited rst will

be expanded rst.

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4. When is breadth- rst search is optimal?

a) When there is less number of nodes

b) When all step costs are equal

c) When all step costs are unequal

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Because it always expands the shallowest unexpanded node.

5. How many successors are generated in backtracking search?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Each partially expanded node remembers which successor to generate next

because of these conditions, it uses less memory.

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6. What is the space complexity of Depth- rst search?

a) O(b)

b) O(bl)

c) O(m)

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d) O(bm)

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: O(bm) is the space complexity where b is the branching factor and m is the

maximum depth of the search tree.

7. How many parts does a problem consists of?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The four parts of the problem are initial state, set of actions, goal test and

path cost.

8. Which algorithm is used to solve any kind of problem?

a) Breadth- rst algorithm

b) Tree algorithm

c) Bidirectional search algorithm

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Tree algorithm is used because speci c variants of the algorithm embed

di erent strategies.

9. Which search algorithm imposes a xed depth limit on nodes?

a) Depth-limited search

b) Depth- rst search

c) Iterative deepening search

d) Bidirectional search

View Answer

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Answer: a

Explanation: None.

10. Which search implements stack operation for searching the states?

a) Depth-limited search

b) Depth- rst search

c) Breadth- rst search

d) None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: It implements stack operation because it always expands the deepest node

in the current tree.

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