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Indigo Revolt

The document outlines significant peasant movements in India, focusing on the Indigo Rebellion of 1859-60, which was the first revolt by farmers against British oppression in Bengal. It also highlights key events in the 20th century, including the Champaran and Kheda Satyagrahas led by Mahatma Gandhi, addressing the exploitation of farmers by European planters. Additionally, it mentions the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha in 1936 to unify and advocate for farmers' rights.

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63 views2 pages

Indigo Revolt

The document outlines significant peasant movements in India, focusing on the Indigo Rebellion of 1859-60, which was the first revolt by farmers against British oppression in Bengal. It also highlights key events in the 20th century, including the Champaran and Kheda Satyagrahas led by Mahatma Gandhi, addressing the exploitation of farmers by European planters. Additionally, it mentions the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha in 1936 to unify and advocate for farmers' rights.

Uploaded by

prejith12p
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Peasant Movements in India

19th CENTURY

Indigo Rebellion

• Indigo Rebellion took place in Bengal in 1859-60


• Also Known as Neel Bidroho
• It was first revolt by the farmers against British

Causes of the Indigo Rebellion/Revolt

• Indigo cultivation started in Bengal in 1777.


• Indigo was in high demand worldwide. Trade in indigo was lucrative due to the demand for blue
dye in Europe.
• They forced Indian farmers to grow indigo in place of food crops.
• Farmers were given loans for this purpose. Once the farmers took loans, they could never
repay it due to the high rates of interest. The farmers were brutally oppressed if they could not
pay the rent or refused to do as asked by the planters
• They were forced to sell indigo at non-profitable rates so as to maximize the European
planters’ profits.
• If a farmer refused to grow indigo and planted paddy instead, the planters resorted to illegal
means to get the farmer to grow indigo such as looting and burning crops, kidnapping the
farmer’s family members, etc.

What Happened ?

 Indigo farmers revolted in Gobindpur Village, Nadia district of Bengal by refusing to grow
indigo. They attacked the policemen who intervened.
 Leaders of Indigo Rebellion were Bishnu Charan Biswas & Digambar Biswas

Aftermath

 An Indigo Commision headed by ES Seton-Kar was Formed for Enquiry


 Commission reported in Favour of Peasants
 In the report, a statement read, ‘not a chest of Indigo reached England without being stained
with human blood.’
 A notification was also issued which stated that farmers could not be forced to grow indigo.
 Harish Chandra Mukherjee, a Bengali Journalist, described the plight of Peasants of Bengal in
his newspaper ‘The Hindu Patriot’.

Neel Darpan

 Neel Darpan written by Dinbandhu Mitra portrayed the Situation and exploitation of Indigo
farmers by the Britishers.

20 Century Peasant Movements (Gandhian Phase)

Champaran Satyagraha (1917):

 Farmers of Champaran district of Bihar was excessively oppressed by the European planters
and compelled to grow indigo on at least 3/20 of their land and sell it at prices fixed by the
planters.
 In 1917, Mahatma Gandhi reached Champaran and began to conduct a detailed inquiry into
the condition of the peasantry.
 He defied the orders of district officials for leaving Champaran.
 In June 1917, the Government appointed an enquiry committee with Gandhiji as one of the
members.
 Enactment of the Champaran Agrarian Act, 1918 freed the tenants from the special imposts
levied by the indigo planters.

Kheda Satyagraha (1918)

 In 1918, the crops failed in the Kheda district of Gujarat but the government refused to remit
land revenue and insisted on its full collection.
 Gandhiji along with Sardar Vallabhai Patel supported the peasants and advised them to
withhold payment of revenues till their demand for its remission was met.
 Satyagraha lasted till June 1918. The Government conceded the demands of the peasants.

Moplah Rebellion (1921):

 Moplahs were the Muslim tenants inhabiting the Malabar region where Most of the landlords
were Hindus.
 Moplah movement merged with the ongoing Khilafat agitation.
 Mahatma Gandhi, Shaukat Ali and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad addressed Moplah meetings.
 Many Hindus were seen by the Moplahs to be helping the British authorities.
 Anti-government and anti-landlord movement acquired communal overtones.
 Communalisation isolated the Moplah from the Khilafat & Non-Cooperation Movement.
 The movement was called off by December 1921.

Bardoli Satyagraha (1928):

 Increasal of land revenue by 30% in the Bardoli district of Gujarat by the British government
led to a ‘No-Revenue Campaign’ by the Bardoli peasants under the leadership of Vallabhai
Patel.
 A woman in Bardoli gave Vallabhai Patel the title of ‘Sardar’.

All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS), or Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha,

 It is founded in 1936 at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress.


 Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, a prominent figure in the Bihar Kisan Sabha Movement, was
the first president of the AIKS.

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