From two

Chapter: Gas laws

All questions and answers of the chapter

1. explain why gases diffuse spontaneously?

Ans: gases diffuse spontaneously due to the inherent motion of their molecule and the tendency
towards increasing entropy

2. state some properties of gas

Ans:

• they have no definite shape and volume

• they have low density

3. explain why gases are highly compressible?

Ans: gases are highly compressible due to

• large intermolecular space

• weak intermolecular force
• no fixed shape and volume

4. define ideal gas?

Ans: an ideal gas is theoretical gas that perfectly flows the ideal gas law

5. define kinetic molecular force?

Ans: kinetic molecular theory is the model that explains the behavior of gases in terms of the motion of
their molecule.

6. explain why the intermolecular force between gas particles are negligible?

Ans: the intermolecular force between gas particles is negligible due to

• large intermolecular distance

• law density
• high kinetic energy

7. define temperature and state its SI unit?

Ans: temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of object.

the SI unit of temperature is kelvin

8. define volume and state its SI unit?

Ans: volume is the free space available for movement of gas molecule

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 the SI unit of volume is cubic meter (m3)

9. define pressure and its SI unit and the two other unit used?

Ans: pressure is force exerted by the gas per unit area of the walls of the container

the SI unit of pressure is pascal (pa)

10. describe Boyle’s law?

Ans: Boyle ‘s law explains relationship and state for given amount of gas at constant temperature, the
volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure

11. which variables is kept constant in Boyle’s law?

Ans: variables constant is temperature and number of moles

12. A gas occupies 1500ml at pressure 720mmHg. at what pressure will its volume be 1000ml, assume
temperature is constant

Ans:

Given = P1V1 = P2V2

this gas concern p1v1 = p2v2
with Boyles law v2 v2
V1 = 1500ml P2= P1V1
V2 1000ml v2
p1= 720mmHg P2 = 720mmHg x 1500ml
p2? 1000ml
P2 = 1080mmHg

13. 279 ml of at 87 Co is cooled to stand temperature at constant pressure. find the volume of
the gas at standard temperature?
Ans:
Given V1 = V2
this gas concern T1 T2 V2 = 279ml x 273k
with Charles law V1T2 = V2T1 360k
V1 = 279ml V1T2 = V2T1 V2 = 211.57 ml
V2 =? T1 T1
T1= 360k V2 = V1T2
T2 = 273K T1

14. the volume of gas was found to be 561 cm3, if the pressure is decreased by 25% find the new
volume of gas?
Ans:

Given = P1V1 = P2V2

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 this gas concern p1v1 = p2v2
with Boyles law p2 p2
V1 = 561cm3 V2= P1V1
V2 =? p2
p1= 600mmHg V2 = 600mmHg x 561cm3
p2 = 450mmHg 450mmHg V2 = 748 cm3

15. describe Charles law ?

Ans : Charles law state the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directaly
proportional to its kelvin temperature

16. what variables that is kept constant in Charles law ?

Ans: the variables that constant is number of moles and pressure

17. A balloon full of air has a volume of 2.75l at temperature of 18Co what is the balloon’s volume at
45Co same pressure

Ans :

Given V1 = V2
this gas concern T1 T2 V2 = 2.75l x 318k
with Charles law V1T2 = V2T1 291k
V1 = 2.75l V1T2 = V2T1 V2 = 3.005l
V2 =? T1 T1
T1= 291k V2 = V1T2
T2 = 318K T1

18. a sample of argon has volume of 0.43ml at 24Co at what temperature in degree Celsius will have
volume of 0.57 ml at same pressure

Ans :

Given V1 = V2
this gas concern T1 T2 T2 = 0.57ml x 298K
with Charles law V1T2 = V2T1 0.43nl
V1 = 0.43ml V1T2 = V2T1 T2 = 395k
V2 =0.57ml V1 V1 : in degree Celsius 395k -273 = 122Co
T1= 298k T2 = V2T1
T2 =? V1

19. if a sample of gas occupies 6.80L at 327Co , what will its volume be at 27Co if the pressure does not
change

Ans:

Given V1 = V2
this gas concern T1 T2 V2 = 6.80l x 300k
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 with Charles law V1T2 = V2T1 600k
V1 = 6.80L V1T2 = V2T1 V2 = 3.4l
V2 =? T1 T1
T1= 600k V2 = V1T2
T2 = 300K T1

20. describe gay lussac’s law ?

Ans: it state the pressure fixed amount of gas at constant volume is directaly proportional to its kelvin
pressure .

21. what variables is kept constant in gay lussac’s law ?

Ans: the variable constant is volume and number of moles .

22. at temperature of 200k , the pressure of air in flask is 100kpa . what will the pressure be at
temperature of 300k ? assume the volume the volume of the flask is constant

Ans:

Given p1 = p2
this gas concern T1 T2 P2 = 100kpa x 300k
with lussac’s law P1T2 = P2T1 200k
P1 = 100kpa P1T2 = PG2T1 P2 = 150kpa
P2 =? T1 T1
T1= 200k P2 = P1T2
T2 = 300K T1

23. in the morning , a pressure of a ball is 3.06 atmosphere . the weather heats up over the course of
the day and by 3pm , the outside is 38.5Co and the pressure inside the ball is 3.24 atmoshphere . what
was the temperature ( in degree Celsius ) in the morning ?

Ans:

Given p1 = p2
this gas concern T1 T2 P2 = 3.24atm x 311.5k
with lussac’s law P1T2 = P2T1 3.06 atm
P1 = 3.06 atm P1T2 = P2T1 P2 = 329.8 k
P2 = 3.24 atm P1 P1
T1= 311.5k T2 = P2T1
T2 =? P1

24. A gas cylinder contains oxygen gas at 25Co and 1.5 atm . if the temperature of the surroundings rises
to 42Co . what will be the pressure of the gas in the cylinder ?

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Ans:

Given p1 = p2
this gas concern T1 T2 P2 = 1.5 atm x 315k
with lussac’s law P1T2 = P2T1 298k
P1 = 1.5 atm P1T2 = PG2T1 P2 = 1.6 atm
P2 =? T1 T1
T1= 298k P2 = P1T2
T2 = 315K T1

25. what variable is kept constant in combined gas law?

Ans: the variable constant combined gas law is number of moles

26. an airtight container with volume of 4.23x104, and the internal pressure of 1.00 atm and an internal
temperature of 15.0Co is washed off the deck of a ship and sink to depth where the pressure is 175atm
and the temperature is 3.00Co . what will the volume of gas inside be when the container breaks under
the pressure at this depth?

Ans:

V1 = 4.25X104 P1 = 1.00 atm

T1 = 288K T2= 276K

P2 = 175 atm V2 =?

V2 = P1V1T2
P2T1

V2 = 1.00 atm x 4.25x104 x276k

175atm x 288k
V2 = 232.74

26. 40.0L balloon is filled with air at sea level (1.00 atm , 25Co) . its tied to tank and placed in a
cold place with temperature of 4.0 Co and pressure 11.00 atm what will be its new volume ?

Ans:

given

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V1 = 40.0 L P1 = 1.00 atm

T1 = 298K T2 = 277K

P2 = 175 atm V2 = ?

V2 = P1V1T2
P2T1
V2 = 1.00 atm x 40.0l x276k = 3.38l
11.00atm x 298k
27. A given mass of air has volume of 6.0l at 101.3kpa and 0Co. what will the pressure be if the
temperature increases to 100Co at constant volume?
Ans:
Given:

V1 = 6.0 L P1 = 101.3kpa

T1 = 273K T2 = 373K

P2 =? V2 = 1L

P2 = P1V1T2
V2T1
P2 = 101.3kpa x6.0l x 373k = 830.44 Kpa
1L x 273K

28. describe Avogadro’s law of gases?

Ans: it states the volume of gas at constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to
the number of moles of gas.

29. what variable is kept constant Avogadro law?

Ans: the variable constant is pressure and temperature
30. A chemical reaction occurring in cylinder produces 0.58 mol of gaseous product. if the
cylinder contained 0.11 mol of gas before the reaction and had an initial volume of 2.1L. what
was the volume after the reaction?
Ans
Given

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 N1= 0.58mol V1 = V2 v1n2 = v2n1
N2= 0.11 mol n1 n2 n1 n1
V1 = 2.1L V2 = v1n2 = 2.1l x 0.11mol = 0.398 L
V2 ? n1 0.58 mol

31. A balloon originally contained 18.6 g and occupied a volume of 13.3l. after leaking, it
contained 16.2 g of helium. what volume of helium leaked from the balloons?
Ans:
given
N1= 4.65mol V1 = V2 v1n2 = v2n1
N2= 4.05 mol n1 n2 n1 n1
V1 = 13.2L V2 = v1n2 = 13.3l x 4.05mol= 11.58L
V2? n1 4.65 mol
32. 4.8L sample of helium gas contains 0.22 mol of helium. how many additional moles of helium
gas must be added to sample to obtain a volume of 6.4 L?
Ans:
given
N1= 0.22mol V1 = V2 v1n2 = v2n1
N2=? n1 n2 v1 v1
V1 = 4.8L n2 = v2n2 = 6.4l x 0.22 mol = 0.293 mol
V2 6.4L v1 4.8l

33. if 5.0 mol of O2 and 3.0 mol of N2 are placed in a 30.0L tank at temperature of 25Co, what will
the pressure of the resulting mixture of gases be?
Ans:
given PV = nRT
V= 30.0L PV = nRT
T = 25Co + 273k= 298k V V
R= 0.0821 L.atm/mol. k P = nRT = 8 mol x 0.0821L.atm/mol. k x 298k = 6.52 atm
Ntotal = 5.0mol + 3.0 mol = 8 mol V 30.0L
P =?

34. calculate the temperature at which 28g of N2 will occupy volume of 10.0L at 2.46 atmosphere

Ans:

given PV = nRT

V= 10.0L PV = nRT
T =? nR nR
R= 0.0821 L.atm/mol. k T = PV = 2.46 atm x 10.0L = 299K
n = 1 mol nR 0.0821atm.L/mol.k x 1mol
P = 2.46 atm

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 35. A 35L tank of oxygen is at 315K with an interval pressure of 190 atmosphere. how many moles of
gas does the tank contain?

Ans:

given PV = nRT

V= 35L PV = nRT
T =315k RT RT
R= 0.0821 L.atm/mol. k n = PV = 190 atm x 35L = 257.14 mol
n=? RT 0. 0821atm.L/mol. k x 315k
P = 190 atm

36. what is the molar mass of a gas that diffuse 3 times faster than O2 than O2 gas under similar
condition?

Ans: the rate of diffusion of gases is inversely proportional to the square root to their molar masses

were
• rate1 = rate diffusion gas 1
• rate 2 = rate diffusion gas 2
• M 1 = molar mass gas 1
• M2 = molar mass gas 2

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 37. how much faster does hydrogen escape through a porous container than sulfur dioxide?

Ans:

= Rate H2 = √ MSO2
Rate SO2 √ MH2

= Rate H2 = √64 = 5.66

Rate SO2 √2

so, hydrogen escapes through a porous container approximately 5.66 times faster than sulfur
dioxide.
38. A gas effuses through an opening at rate of one-third as fast that helium gas . what is the
molar mass of unknown gas ?
Ans:

39. A mixture of helium (He) and methane (CH4) is placed in effusion apparatus. calculate the ratio of
their effusion?

Ans:

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therefore, the ratio is 2:1

40. suggest a way of increasing the volume of air without changing the number of particles ?

Ans: to increase the volume of air without changing the number of particles , you ca

• decreases the pressure

• increase the pressure

41. 2.00L hydrogen, originally at heated until a volume of 20.0 liters and the pressure 3.50 atmosphere.
what is the new temperature?

Ans:

given

V1 = 2.00L V2 = 20.0L P2 = 3.50

T1 = 273K (STP) P1 = 1 ATM (at STP) T2 = ?

T2 = P2V2T1
P1V1
T2 = 3.50 atm x 20.0Lx273K = 9560.25 kelvin
1atm x 2.00L

42. A balloon that can hold 85L of air is inflated with 3.5 moles of gas at pressure 1.0 atm what
temperature Co of the balloons?

Ans:

Given

V = 85L n= 3.5 mole p = 1 atm R= 0. 0821atm.l/ mol. k

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 T =?

PV = nRT

T= PV = 1 atm x 85l = 295.8K

nR 3.5mol x 0.0821 atm. l /mol. k

T = 295.8 k - 273 = 22.8Co

43. A 75L container hold 62 moles of gas at temperature of 215Co . what is the pressure in atmosphere
inside the container?

Ans:

given:

V = 75L n= 62mole T= 488K R= 0. 0821atm.l/ mol. k

P=?

PV = nRT

P= nRT = 62mol x 0.0821atm. l /mol. K x 488k = 33.12 atm

V 75 L

44. A gas canister can tolerate internal pressure up to 210 atmospheres. if 2.0L canister holding
3.5 mole of gas is heated to 1350Co will the canister explode?
Ans: to determine if the gas canister will explode, we can use ideal gas law
PV = nRT

given

V = 2.0L n= 3.5mole T= 1623.15K R= 0. 0821atm.l/ mol. k

P=?

PV = nRT

P= nRT = 3.5mol x 0.0821atm. l /mol. K x 1623.15k = 233.21 atm

V 2.0 L

since the calculated pressure (233.21 atm) exceeds the canister’s tolerance of 210 atm the
canister will indeed explode if heated to 1350Co

45. convert 77.0 L at 18.0 torr to its new volume at standard pressure?

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 Ans: to convert the volume of gas at given pressure to its volume at standard pressure, we use
Boyle’s law

given P1V1 = P2V2

P1 = 18.0 torr P2 P2
V1 = 77.0 L V2 = P1V1
P2 = 760 (Standard pressure) P2
V2 =? V2 = 18.0 torr x 77.0L = 1.82L
760 torr

So, the new volume at standard pressure is approximately 1.82 L

46. A mixture of gasses at 760 torr contains 2 moles of nitrogen, 4 moles of carbon dioxide, what
is partial pressure of each gas in torr?
Ans: to find partial pressure of each gas in mixture, we use Dalton’s law of partial pressure
• the total pressure of gas mixture is given as 760 torr

Given

nN2 = 2 mole

nCO2 = 4 mole

total number of moles in the mixture = 2mole + 4 mole = 6 mole

mole fraction of nitrogen = nN2 = 2 = 1

ntotal 6 3

Mole fraction to nitrogen = = nCO2 = 4 = 2

ntotal 6 3
the partial pressure of nitrogen (PN2)
PN2 = XN2 x Ptotal = 1 x 760 torr = 253.33 torr
3
the partial pressure of CO2 (CO2)
PCO2 = XCO2 x Ptotal = 2 x 760 torr = 506.67 torr
3
So, the partial pressure of nitrogen is 253.33 torr and partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 506.67
torr

47. A gas syringe contains 42.3ml of gas at 98.15Co determine the volume that the gas if the
temperature decreased to -18.50Co
Ans

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 given
V1 = 42.3ml T1 = 98.15 + 273 = 371.15

T2 = -18.50 + 273 = 254.5K V2 =?

V2 = V1T2
T1

V2 = 42.3ml x 254.5k = 29.005ml

371.15k
48. 73.0 ml of nitrogen at STP is heated to 80Co and the volume increases to 4.53L. what is new
pressure?
Ans: to find new pressure we use combined gas law

Given P1V1 = P2V2

P1 = 1 atm T1 T2
V1 = 73.0 ml = 0.073L P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
T1 = 273 K V2T1 V2T1
V2 = 4.53L P2 = P1V1T2 = 1atm x 0.073L x 353.15k = 0.0208 atm
T2 = 80 + 273 = 353.15K V2T1 4.53L x 273K
P2 =?

49. 1.09g of H2 is contained in 2.00L at 20.0Co. what is the pressure in this container in mmHg?

Ans: to determine the pressure of hydrogen gas in the container we can use ideal gas law

PV = nRT

Given

mass of H2 gas = 1.09g T = 293.15k molar mass H2 = 2 g/mol

V = 2.00L R = 0. 0821atm.L / mol. K P =?

Calculate number of moles of H2

n = 1.09g = 0.540 mol

2g/mol
P= nRT = 0.540 mol x 0. 0821atm.L/ mol. k x 293.15k

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 V 2.00 L

P = 6.494 atm

50. the pressures of gas is reduced from 1200mmHg to 850 mmHg as the volume of its container is
increased by moving piston from 85.0ml to 350ml what would be final temperature if the original
temperature was 90Co?

Ans

Given P1V1 = P2V2

P1 = 1200mmHg T1 T2
V1 = 85.0 ml P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
T2 = ? P1V1 P1V1
V2 = 350ml T2 = P2V2T1 = 850mmHg x 350ml x 363K = 1058.75k
T1= 90 +273k = 363k P1V1 1200mmHg x 85.0ml
P2 = 850mmHg

51. A sample of neon gas occupies volume of 2.8L at 1.8 atm what would its volume at 1.2 atm at same
temperature?

Ans

given

V1 = 2.8L P1 = 1.8 atm P2 = 1.2 atm V2 = ?

V2 = 1.8atm x 2.8L = 4.2L

1.2 atm

52. to what pressure would you have to compress 48.0L of oxygen gas at 99.3kpa in order to reduce its
volume to 16.0L at same temperature?

Ans:

given

V1 = 48L V2 = 16.0L P1 = 99.3 Kpa P2 = ?

P2 = 99.3Kpa 16L = 33.1Kpa

48L

53. what is the starting volume of 24.7L gas sample that exerts pressure of 0.999 atm at same
temperature if the original pressure is 1.011 atm?

Ans

Given
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V1 = ? V2 = 24.7L P2 = 0.999 atm P1 = 1.011 atm

V1 = 0.999 atm x 24.7L= 24.407 L

1.011 atm

54. 6.77m3 of neon gas is under 5.6x104mmHg pressure what must be the pressure change to for new
volume to be 1.50x103L?

Ans:

Given

V1 = 6.77m3 x1000 =6700L V2 = 1.50x103L P1 =5.6x104mmHg P2 =?

P2 = 5.6x104mmHg x6700L = 250580 mmHg

1.50x103L

55. 10.0L of argon gas is under certain pressure. if the pressure is increased 5 times. what is the new
volume?

Ans Given

V1 = 10.0L P2 = 5 x P1

we need to find V2 re arranging Boyle’s law to solve V2

V2 = P1V1
P2
SinceP2 = 5 x P1

V2 = P1V1 = V1 =10.0L = 2L
5P2 5 5
56. IF 2.98 mole of hydrogen gas occupies a volume of 32.8L what volume will 4.12 mole
hydrogen occupy at same temperature and pressure?
Ans
Given
n1 = 2.98 mole V1 = 32.8L n2 = 4.12 mole V2 =?

V2 = V1n2 = 32.8L x4.12mol = 45.35L

n1 2.98mol

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 57. what is the molar of compound that takes 2.65times as long to effuse through a porous plug
as it did for same amount of XeF2 at the same temperature and pressure?
Ans:

58. which pair of gases contains one which effuses at twice the rate of the other in the pair?

a) He and Ne

b) Ne and CO2

c) He and CH4

d) CO2 and HCl

e) CH4 and HCl

Ans: the correct one is helium (He) and methane (CH4) so, the suitable choice is C

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