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NATIONAL OBJECTIVES FOR HEALTH 2017-
2020
MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH NURSING Strategic Goal 1:
The care of childbearing and Better Health Outcomes
childrearing families is a major focus of nursing • The health sector will sustain gains and
practice, because to have healthy adults, you address new challenges especially in
must have healthy children. To have healthy maternal, newborn and child health,
children, it is important to promote the health of nutrition, communicable disease
the childbearing woman and her family from the elimination, and NCD prevention and
time before children are born until they reach treatment Improvements in health
adulthood. outcomes will be measured through
indicators such as life expectancy, maternal
and infant mortalities, NCD mortalities, TB
GOALS & PHILOSOPHIES OF MATERNAL & dence, and stunting among under-five year-
CHILD HEALTH NURSING olds.

Primary Goal: Strategic Goal 2:

• Promotion and maintenance of optimal More responsive health system
family health. Maternal & child health • The quality of health goods and services as
nursing is: well as the manner in which they are
delivered to the population will be improved
Family centered to ensure people centered healthcare
• assessment should always include the provision. This may be done through
family as well as an individual. instruments that routinely monitor and
• The primary goal of maternal and child evaluate client feedback on health goods
health nursing care can be stated simply as used and services received.
the promotion and maintenance of optimal Strategy Goal 3:
family health to ensure cycles of optimal More equitable health financing
childbearing and childrearing. • Access of Filipinos, especially the poor and
• In all settings and types of care, keeping underserved, to affordable and quality
the family at the center of care delivery is health goods and services will be expanded
an essential goal. Maternal and child health through mechanisms that provide them
nursing is always family centered; the with adequate financial risk protection from
family is considered the primary unit of the high and unpredictable cost of
care. healthcare.
• The level of family functioning affects the
health status of individuals, because if the RA No. 7160 or known as the Local Government
family's level of functioning is low, the Code of 1991 devolved the provision of basic
emotional, physical, and social health and services to the LGUs including health,
potential of individuals in that family can be agriculture, environmental protection,
adversely affected. maintenance of public works and highways,
• The health of an individual and his or her social welfare and tourism.
ability to function strongly influences the • This policy reform envisions Filipinos to be
health of family members and overall family among the healthiest people in Southeast
functioning. Asia by 2022, and in Asia by 2040. It intends
Community centered to lead the country in the development of a
productive, resilient, equitable and
• The health of families is both affected by
peoplecentered health stem towards the
and influences the health of communities.
attainment of UHC, guided by the values of
Evidence based
professionalism, responsiveness, integrity,
• The care given is based on the products of compassion and excellence .
research. a challenging role for nurses and
a major factor in keeping families well and
optimally functioning.
GLOBAL HEALTH GOALS/ MDG
• To end poverty and hunger.
• To achieve universal primary education.
• To promote gender equality and empower
women.
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• To reduce child mortality. • Childbirth educators teach families about
• To improve maternal health. normal birth and how to prepare for labor
• To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other and birth.
diseases. • Lactation consultants educate women about
• To ensure environmental sustainability breastfeeding and support them while they
• develop a global partnership for learn how to do this.
development. • Genetic nurse counselors consult with
families about patterns of inheritance and
offer support to families with a child who has
inherited a genetic disorder.

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF MATERNAL AND CHILD

HEALTH NURSE
1. Roles for Nurses in Maternal and Child
Health As trends in maternal and child b) Case Manager
health care change, so do the roles of • is a graduate-level nurse who supervises a
maternal and child health nurses. In all group of patients from the time they enter a
settings, maternal and child health nurses
health care
function as:
• setting until they are discharged from the
a) caregivers,
setting or, in a seamless care system, into
b) client advocates, their homes as well, monitoring the
c) researchers, effectiveness, cost, and satisfaction of their
d) case managers, and health care. They help prevent fragmentation
e) educators. of care and ensure that such important
qualities as continuity of care and providing a
2. Advanced-Practice Roles for Nurses in Maternal feeling of "medical home" are included in
and care.
Child Health • Case management can be a immensely
➢ The roles of maternal and child health nurses satisfying nursing role, because if the health
change. as the advancement of medical care setting is "seamless," or one that follows
technology in providing maternal and child people both during an illness and on their
health care. Many nurses with a specified return to the community, it involves longterm
number of years of direct patient care, contacts and lasting relationships and
clinical expertise, and validated completion creates a high degree of satisfaction among
of pertinent continuing education programs clients
are certified in a specialty. These are some of
the advanced education function in advanced c) Nurse Practitioner
practice roles. • are nurses educated at the master's or
a) Clinical Nurse Specialists doctorate degree level. Recent advances in
• Are nurses with master's or doctorate degree technology, research, and knowledge have
level who can act as consultants in their area amplified the need for longer and more in-
of expertise, as well as serving as role depth education for nurse practitioners as
models, researchers, and teachers of quality they play pivotal roles in today's health care
nursing care. system. Doctor of nursing practice programs
• Examples of areas of specialization are are designed to prepare nurse practitioners
neonatal, maternal, child, and adolescent with the highest level of practice expertise
health care; genetics; childbirth education; integrated with the ability to translate
and lactation consultation. scientific knowledge into complex clinical
• A clinical nurse specialist could be interventions. Preparing nurse practitioners
instrumental in helping a primary nurse at the Doctor of Nursing practice level has
organize care and in meeting with the the potential to expand the scientific basis
parents to help them accept what is for practice as well as create leaders for
happening. organization and system management,
quality improvement, health policy
• Neonatal nurse specialists manage the care
development, and interdisciplinary
of infants at birth and in intensive care
collaboration
settings; they provide home follow-up care to
ensure the newborn remains well.
d) Women's Health Nurse Practitioner
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• A women's health nurse practitioner has • NNPs may work in newborn nurseries,
advanced study in the promotion of health neonatal follow-up . clinics, or physician
and prevention of illness in women. Such a groups.
nurse plays a vital role in educating women • The NNP's responsibilities include managing
about their bodies and sharing with them and caring for newborns in intensive care
methods to prevent illness; in addition, they units, conducting normal newborn
care for women with illnesses such as assessments and physical examinations, and
sexually transmitted infections and offer providing high-risk follow-up discharge
information and counsel them about planning. They also are responsible for
reproductive life planning. They play a large transporting ill infants to these different care
role in helping women remain well so that settings.

g) Family Nurse Practitioners

• they can enter a pregnancy in good health • A family nurse practitioner (FNP) is an
and maintain their health throughout life. advanced practice role that provides health
care not only to women and children but
e) Pediatric Nurse Practitioner also to whole family.
• A pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) is a • In conjunction with a physician, an FNP can
nurse prepared with extensive skills in provide prenatal care for a woman with an
physical assessment, interviewing, and well- uncomplicated pregnancy.
child counseling and care. • The FNP takes the health and pregnancy
• In this role, a nurse interviews parents as history. performs physical and obstetric
part of an extensive health history and examinations, orders appropriate
performs a physical assessment of the child. diagnostic and laboratory tests, and plans
If the nurse's diagnosis is that the child is continued care throughout the pregnancy
well, he or she discusses with the parents and for the family afterward. FNPs then
any childrearing concerns mentioned in the monitor the family indefinitely to promote
interview. administers any immunizations health and optimal family functioning
needed, offers necessary anticipatory during health and illness. h) Certified
guidance (based on the plan of care), and Nurse-Midwife (DR, LR Nurse)
arranges a return appointment for the next • A CNM or Licensed-Nurse Midwife is an
well-child checkup. The nurse has served as individual educated in the two disciplines
a primary health caregiver or as the sole of nursing and midwifery and licensed, who
health care person the parents and child see plays an important role in assisting women
at that visit with pregnancy and childbearing. Either
• If the PNP determines that a child has a independently or in association with a
common illness (such as iron deficiency physician, the nurse-midwife assumes full
anemia), he or she orders the necessary responsibility for the care and
laboratory tests and prescribes appropriate management of women with
drugs for therapy. If the uncomplicated pregnancies.
PNP determines that the child has a major • Nurse-midwives play a significant role in
illness (such as congenital kidney disease, making birth an unforgettable family event
heart disease), he or she consults with an as well as helping to ensure a healthy
associated pediatrician; together, they outcome for both mother and child.
decide what further care is necessary.
• Nurse practitioners may also work in WHO'S 17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
inpatient or specialty settings such as
genetics or cardiac care or emergency 1. No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms
department settings providing continuity of
everywhere.
care to children and adults. PNPs employed
by schools provide care to all children in 2. Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food
each community or school setting. security and improved nutrition, and
promote sustainable agriculture.
f) Neonatal Nurse Practitioner 3. Good Health and Well-being: Ensure
• A neonatal nurse practitioner (NNP) is an healthy lives and promote well-being for
advanced practice role for nurses who are all at all ages.
skilled in the care of newborns, both well and 4. Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and
ill. equitable quality education and promote
lifelong learning opportunities for all.
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5. Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality
and empower all women and girls.
6. Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure
availability and sustainable management
of water and sanitation for all.
7. Affordable and Clean Energy: Ensure
access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable, and modern energy for all.
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth:
Promote sustained, inclusive, and
sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment, and decent work
for all.
9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure:
Build resilient infrastructure, promote

10. inclusive and sustainable

industrialization, and foster innovation. 1
11. Reduced Inequality: Reduce inequality
within and among countries. 1.
12. Sustainable Cities and Communities:
Make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
13. . Responsible Consumption and
Production: Ensure sustainable
consumption and production patterns.
14. Climate Action: Take urgent action to
combat climate change and its impacts.
15. Life Below Water: Conserve and
sustainably use the oceans, seas, and
marine resources for sustainable
development.
16. Life on Land: Protect, restore, and
promote sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification and halt and
reverse land degradation and halt
biodiversity loss.
17. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions:
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies
for sustainable development, provide
access to justice for all, and build
effective, accountable, and inclusive
institutions at all levels.
18. Partnerships for the Goals: Strengthen
the means of implementation and
revitalize the global partnership for
sustainable development.
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focusing on avoidance or prevention of
STDs.
Human Sexuality
-Refers to various sexually related aspects of
human life, including physical and psychological
development, behaviors, attitudes, and social Young Adult
customs associated with the individual's sense of • They choose their own way of
gender, relationships, sexual activity, mate expressing their sexuality along with
selection, and reproduction other life patterns
• Is a multidimensional phenomenon that • Homosexuality or bisexuality may be
includes feelings, attitudes, and actions. overtly expressed for the first time
• It has both biologic and cultural • Gender identity can affect preventing
components roles, but generally, gender roles in
parenting are influenced by the way an
Biologic Gender individual was raised.
• denotes chromosomal sexual development Middle-Aged Adult
• XY - male • Sexuality has achieved a degree of
stability
• XX – female
• Menopause occurs which can lower
Gender Identity
self- esteem of a woman
• also known as sexual identity
• Man may experience changes in sperm
• Inner sense a person has of being male or
production, erectile power,
female, which vary, may be the same as or
achievement of orgasm, and sex drive
different from biologic gender Environment although these changes do not
or people around the child can affect or significantly alter reproductive or
influence a child's identity or how he
sexual functioning
envisions himself.
• Single parents try to do both roles
Gender Identity of a person develops throughout
an entire life span, but the stage is set by • The time when increase of sexual
expectations even before the baby is born. encounters that men have with
Gender Role younger women is seen by many as
• is the behavior a person conveys about the man's way of reassuring himself of
being male or female, which may or may his attractiveness and denying the fear
not be the same as biologic gender or of aging
gender identity • Some men and women become
• Is also culturally influenced. Infancy hypertensive at this stage, experience
• from day of birth, male and female babies more stress, or sleeplessness
are treated differently by their parents • Some women undergo hysterectomy or
Pre-school Period oophorectomy, they feel they have lost
• as early as 2 years, children can their femininity and so nurses must be
distinguish between male and female there to listen and comfort the patient
Older Adult
• by age 3 or 4, they know what sex they are
and they have absorbed cultural • Both male and female can still enjoy
expectations of that sex role active sexual relationships o Men:
lesser erectile firmness or ejaculatory
• social contact and mass media contribute
force but they remain fertile
to sexual identification
throughout life
• Oedipus complex and Electra complex
appears • Women: may have less vaginal
secretions because they have lesser
School-age Child
estrogen after menopause
• imitation of adult roles as a way of learning
gender roles • Human Sexual Response
• Unisex activities are promoted in schools • Sexual response is unique to each
individual, but how the body responds
Adolescent
to sexual arousal has common features
• identity crisis o Boys tend to stay with
boys: girls with girls
• Realization of being gay or lesbian surfaces 4 STAGES OF THE SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
Becomes sexually active and so they
should be taught tactfully about sex,
Excitement
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• Occurs with physical and psychological • bisexual a person who achieve sexual
stimulation that causes parasympathetic satisfaction from both homosexual and
nerve stimulation heterosexual
relationships
Transsexual
• transsexual – an individual who, although of
one biologic gender, feels as if he or she
• Leads to arterial dilatation and venous should be of the opposite gender.
constriction in the genital area
• Women: causes increased size in clitoris
& production of mucoid fluid
• nipples become erect
• vagina widens in diameter
• Men: erection occurs scrotal thickening
elevation of testes
• Both: increased HR, RR & BP
Plateau
• Reached just before orgasm
• Women: lower vagina becomes
extremely congested increased nipple
engorgement
• Men: vasocongestion leads to full
distention of the penis increased HR &
RR
Orgasm
• body suddenly discharges accumulated
sexual tension
• vigorous muscle contraction happens
• shortest stage
• intense pleasure affecting the whole
body
Resolution
• period during which the external and
internal genital organs return to an
unaroused state
• Men: refractory period occurs making
further orgasm impossible
• Women: no refractory period, so they
can have another orgasm
• Generally takes 30 mins for both men
and women

TYPE OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION

Heterosexuality
• Heterosexual - one who finds sexual fulfillment
with a member of the opposite gender
• interest in opposite sex and sexual relationship
may begin as early as the beginning of puberty
• health care providers need to provide
information on safer sex practices
Homosexuality
• Homosexual - one who finds sexual fulfillment
with a member of his or her own sex
• gay or lesbian Bisexuality
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FACTORS
AFFECTING SEXUALITY
5. other verbal or physical conduct of a
developmental level sexual nature occurring in the following
circumstances:
• culture - the non-physical traits such as
values, beliefs, attitudes and customs that
a. When submission to such conduct is
are shared by a group of people and
considered, either explicitly or implicitly, a
passed from one generation to the next
condition of an individual's employment.
• religious values - provides guidelines for b. When submission to or rejection of such
sexual behavior and acceptable conduct is used as the basis for
circumstances for the behavior, as well as employment decisions affecting the
prohibited sexual behavior and the individual.
consequences of breaking the sexual rules c. When such conduct interferes with an
• personal ethics - what one person views individual's work performance or creates an
as bizarre or wrong may be natural and "intimidating, hostile, or offensive working
environment"
right to another
health status
• Heart disease
• surgical procedures
• Prostate cancer - joint disease
• Hysterectomy
• chronic pain
• Diabetes mellitus
• STDs
• Spinal cord injury
• Mental disorders
• Medications

Issues

1. Premarital Sex o Reasons why

premarital sex is unhealthy
a. the risk of dying
b. risks of diseases or infertility
c. risk of damaged or lost
relationship d. risk of depression
e. risk of damaging your future
marriage
f. risk of sexual dysfunction
2. STDs/HIV o Increase in these diseases
are due to two factors
a. changing sexual morality that
has permitted increase sexual activity
b. an increase in the number of
sexual partners.
o Elicits feelings of shame, guilt & fear, people
do not frequently seek medical help as early
as they should
o Some may result to infertility, pelvic
inflammatory disease resulting in damage to
the reproductive structures
3. Same-sex Marriage 4. Sexual
Harassments
o Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for
sexual favors,