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Agriculture monitoring and prediction using Internet

of Things (IoT)
Mohit Kumar Saini Rakesh Kumar Saini
School of Computing School of Computing
DIT University, Dehradun DIT University, Dehradun
Uttarakhand, India Uttarakhand, India
mohit_kunwarpal@yahoo.co.in rakeshcool2008@gmail.com

Abstract—Agriculture has become the most significant

growing sector all over the world because of increasing the
2020 Sixth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC) | 978-1-7281-7132-6/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/PDGC50313.2020.9315836

population. The main challenge in the agriculture industry is to

improving farming efficiency and quality without constant
physical monitoring to full fill the speedily increasing demand
for the food. Apart from the mounting population, the climate
circumstance is also a huge challenge in the agricultural
industry. The aim of this research paper is to propose a smart
farming model based on the Internet of Things using the
clustering to deal with the adverse condition .in this model, we
use the different types of the sensors like soil moisture, air
pressure, rain detection and humidity sensors for a different
purpose. The data will collect on the cloud and calculated
automatically. The smart agriculture can be adopted from the
crop control, collection of useful data, and analysis
automatically. The purpose of this paper is how the implement Fig. 1. Sensor deployed in field for data capturing
the Internet of Things (IoT) in the monitoring of humidity, soil
condition, temperature, and supply water to the field, level of Smart Farming and Traditional Farming are very
water, climate condition. The IoT based Smart Farming different from each other in every prospective. Traditional
System being planned via this report is integrated with Farming uses the oldest and conventional ways of agriculture
different Sensors and a Wi-Fi module producing live data feed and using old machinery for agricultural occupation and
that can be obtained online. producing crop without knowing any reevaluation of
demands of the market and weather forcing reports but smart
Keywords— Smart farming, IOT, Clustering, Sensors, Cloud
farming use very innovative technologies like smart devices,
IoT sensors nodes, Internet and cloud storage for data
I. INTRODUCTION collection. Farmers chatting community, time to time
Internet of Things has created its application in numerous measurement of different factors like the best environment
areas, such as a smart car, connected road, smart city, smart for the growth of the plantation, how much nutrients, soil
home, smart industry, smart agriculture, connected campus, quality, water quality, air pressure are required. By using
and building, and other domain also. The main advantage of smart technology, farming has become very easy,
using IoT is to join together the real world and the virtual economical, and cost-effective. Farmers can reduce the
world by using the Internet as the intermediate of employment cost and improve crop yielding by using smart
communication and exchange data and information with technology, it also provides better crop production.
each other. IoT is the combination of interrelated computing
devices, mechanical machines, digital machines, objects,
internet, animals, or people that are provided by unique
identification and the capability to move the data over
networks without requiring any human-to-human or human-
to-Machine or Human-to-Computer interaction.
Smart agriculture is the execution of different
technologies & devices like the internet, cloud, and sensors
devices. As in today's, the world population is growing every
day and it is believed to be around 9.8 billion by 2060.for
producing the foods of those billion of peoples we require to
pick up the productivity of crops. The world population is
growing day by day and the agricultural land is decreasing
due to a lot of reasons like industrializations, housing
buildings and commercial markets are being buildup on
agricultural parkland. To feed these billions of people, we Fig. 2. Basic architecture of IOT based on Hardware /Software
need to increase the productivity of the crop. This is possible
to implement the Internet of things (IoT) in the agriculture Now a day, the agricultural industry is bent on using IoT
industry. Smart Farming is also known as precision farming. technology for smart farming to achieve crop performance in
the global market and other factors such as minimal human

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disruption, time and cost, etc. Advances in technology ensure The sensor network is planned to acquire the information
that sensors collect data from a wide variety of nodes. according to the climatic situation of the farmland such as
Networks are also readily available worldwide .and that Temperature, Soil Moisture, Humidity, and Light. From the
smart farming can be achieved with full promise. Focusing help of this model, we will decide on the operations on the
on improving agriculture in agriculture, smart farming is the farm field. In a single field, we can have more than crops
best solution to the problems that the agricultural industry separated into fields.
currently faces. This may be due to the Internet,
smartphones, Sensors devices, and IoT devices. The data from all these nodes are collected & forward to
cloud storage. Here, we are using the cloud service as a
The smart agricultural market is expected to earn $ 18.55 storage database of collected data. Data can be sent to the
Billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 13.9%. BI estimates that 76 cloud to store in the cloud database. Farmers can log in to
million IoT devices will be shipped for agricultural use by their particular accounts to view their history and the current
2020. In the CAGR of 20%. IoT devices can be very easy to data of each node.
improve production and harvesting in the agricultural
industry as these IoT devices can be used to monitor soil III. WORKING OF MODEL
acidity, temperature, humidity, air pressure, etc. In addition,
smart agriculture will be helpful in monitoring livestock Wireless data communication: The data is collect from
production & health as well. IoT sensors can provide farmers the various sensors node and forwarded to the server through
with information about rainfall, crop yields, and insect wireless transmission (WIFI module).
infections. Soil nutrients are very useful in production and Sensor data attainment: The sensors are boundary with
provide specific information that can help to find improved Adriano Uno board such as DHT11, temperature sensors,
farming methods. The Internet of Things, with its real-time, Rain detection sensor, humidity and Soil moisture is used.
direct, and integral features, will drive a major change in
agricultural procurement management and provide the Data analysis & Decision making: The data analysis is
necessary technology to establish a uniform flow of the process of analyzing the data collected from different
agricultural goods. sensors from the agriculture field. The water motor will be
automatically switched ON if the soil moisture falls below
the threshold and vice- versa. The farmer can even operate
the Motor by using the mobile using mobile Apps
Automated irrigation system: In the automated
irrigation system once the control established from the
mobile application or web application. The data processing is
used to pass access form web application to the electrical
switches during the Arduino microcontroller.
Mobile Application: Mobile Apps will be developed in
android OS. The mobile phone application is provides help
for monitoring and controlling the agriculture filed from any
place
Web application: - The web application will be designed
to observe the ground and crops from everywhere using an
internet connection. The webpage can be communicated
using the processing IDE.

IV. DEVICES USED

A. Soil Moisture Sensor

Soil moisture sensor senses the moisture content of the
soil. The output of this soil moisture sensor has both analog
& digital signals. When the soil is dried up the current will
Fig. 3. System Block Diagram not move by it .So that the output is called to be highest.

II. PURPOSED MODEL

The main purpose of these models is to expand the
centralized monitoring system & organize the agricultural
land. This can be managed from any place wirelessly by
using the mobile phone. The application users can control the
elementary operations of collecting the irrigation data,
environmental data, soil moisture, and fertilization data
without human intervention .this collected data can be used
for the perception of assessing crop performance & calculate
crop forecasts and personalized harvest recommendation for
any farm using the application. Fig. 4. Soil moisture sensor

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B. Temperature Sensor We can analyze and predict the finest crop for the field based
The LM35 sensor is used to measure the temperature on the collected data which is collected from various sensors
purpose because of its output voltage is linear among the node. The collected data from various sensors node are as
Celsius scaling of temperature. It has a large operating rang. follows which is established with the values obtain
The highest output is 5V.The output will raise 10 mV for throughout the experiment in Tables 1, 2 & 3. Figure. 10, 11
every 1 degree go up in temperature. & 12 deals with the Rainfall trends, temperature trends, and
Soil moisture trends throughout Kharif and Rabi seasons
respectively. The table 1, 2 & 3 shows the average
temperature data, rainfall trends, and average surface soil
moisture trends respectively for different seasons over past
years starting from the year 2017. For these table data values,
the graphs are plotted, which can be used for prediction over
the coming years.

TABLE I. DATA OF TEMPERATURE TRENDS DURING RABI AND

KHARIF SEASON
Fig. 5. Temperature Sensor
Year Kharif Session (°C) Rabi Session (°C)

C. Humidity Sensor 2017 27.1 22.5

2018 26.5 21.5
They are small in size, power consummation is low up- 2019 27.9 23.1
to-20 meter indicator transmission make it the greatest option 2020 25.3 21.7
for different applications, This DHT11 Humidity sensor have
the features humidity sensor difficult through calibrated
digital signal output.

D. Rain Detection Sensor

Rain sensor module is a rain detection tool. This sensor
can be used as a switch when a raindrop falls on a rainy day
and measures the intensity of rainfall. Rain board and control
board separate for additional use, LED power indicator and
flexible sensitivity with potentiometer. Analog output is used
to detect rainfall.

Fig. 8. Temperature trends all through Rabi and Kharif seasons

TABLE II. SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE TRENDS DATA THROUGHOUT

Fig. 6. Rain Detection Sensor KHARIF AND RABI SEASON

E. Communication Module Year Kharif Season (mm) Rabi Season (mm)

The ESP8266 board is a lovely, cheap Wi-Fi mode 2017 8.4 10.4
suitable for enhancing Wi-Fi performance using the UART 2018 8.5 10.6
serial connection. Features include 802.11 b / g / n protocols, 2019 9.8 10.3
2020 7.9 11.2
Wi-Fi Direct (P2P) soft-AP, Integrated TCP / IP Protocol
Stack.

Fig. 7. Wi-Fi Module

V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT
The evaluation of Rabi & autumn (Kharif) crops is Fig. 9. Surface soil moisture trends throughout Rabi and Kharif seasons
accepted with data like humidity, temperature, and rainfall.

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