Climate

Weather India generally has a ‘monsoon’ climate.

Weather is the state of atmosphere of an area at any
It experiences several kinds of regional climatic

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point of the time. Weather changes day by day or hours by
hours
variations.
Some states of western parts like Rajasthan,
Climate Gujrat receives 20cm of rainfall annually, on
the other side states like assam and Arunachal
Climate is the average weather condition of a particular
Pradesh receive more than 250cm of rainfall.

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region over a long period of time.
In winters, the temperature may fall below -45
degrees at night, whereas on the same night,
southern state like thiruvanthampuram, the
Thar: Hot climatic condtion temperature goes to 45 degrees.

ka Such variation have changed the lifestyles of

the people.

Factors affecting Climate

of India
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India lies in the region of northeasterly winds.

When these winds blow over land, these carry

Climate of India very little moisture and cause no rainfall.

During cold weather, high pressure areas are
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Our India’s climate is Monsoon created to the north of the Himalayas.

Not only India but entire south Asia’s climate Cold winds blow from this region to the low-
is monsoon
pressure areas to the south over the ocean.
The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic
word Mausin The direction of the winds completely reverses
during the summer as low-pressure systems
form across Central Asia.
Over the Southern Indian Ocean, winds
In summer Rajasthan temperature
originate from a high-pressure region.
gets around 50 degrees.
These winds carry moisture and bring rain to
the country as they pass over the warm ocean.
Jet streams have an impact on India’s weather
as well.
The sub-tropical westerly Jetstream's are
responsible for the western cyclonic
In summer Jammu and Kashmir disturbance in the northern and northeast
temperature gets to 20 degrees. regions of the country.
and in winter drops to -45 degrees.
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 As we move closer to sea level, the temperature starts However, it has been noticed that
to drop. there has been a reversal in the pressure
As a result, temperature drops a height rises. conditions.
Every 166m in height results in a 1 degree C drop in
While the eastern South Pacific Ocean has low
temperature
pressure conditions, the eastern Indian Ocean
has relatively high-pressure conditions.
Such periodic change in pressure conditions is

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In India, the latitude known as the tropic of cancer lies known as the Southern Oscillation or SO.
at 23°26'N of the equator.
It travels across 8 Indian states : Gujarat, Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West
The Onset of the Monsoons
Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. and their Withdrawal
The country is split in half by the tropic of cancer are

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subtropical, whilst the regions that are south of the The monsoon season lasts from June until the
tropic are tropical. middle of September in India.
The temperature remains high all over tropical regions. The ‘burst’ of the monsoon is when the rains
become more intense and last for many days as
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The Indian Monsoon the monsoon approaches.
‣ Kerala experiences its first monsson by the first
India has a monsoon-like climate because the week of June.
monsoon winds have a significant impact on
‣ The Bay of Bengal branch and the Arabian Sea
the country’s weather.
branches are the two divisions that follow.
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Before studying the monsoon season in India,
it is crucial to keep a few things in mind. In the second week of June, the branch of the
a. On the Indian mainland, low pressure is caused by the Arabian Sea reaches Mumbai.
differential between how quickly land and ocean warm up In the first week of June, the Bay of Bengal
and cool down. branch also travels to Assam.
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- High pressure conditions are present at the same time

The monsoon winds across the Northern Plains
across the seas.
b. In the equatorial latitudes, there is a large trough of low are deflected by the mountains in the area.
pressure known as the Inter Tropical Convergent Zone -By mid-June, the monsoon strikes the central
(ITCZ) parts of the country and the Saurashtra and
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c. The pressure of high-pressure area east of Madagascar

Kutch regions.
over the Indian Ocean affects the Indian monsoon.
d. The movement of the westerly jet streams to the north ‣ Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and eastern
of the Himalyas and the tropical easterly jet stream Rajasthan receive rainfall by the first week
overthe Indian Peninsula aslo affect the rainfall in India. ofjuly.
The monsoon winds begin to withdraw from the
It has been seen that apart from other northwestern parts of India by early
factors, the changes in the pressure
September.
conditions over the southern oceans also
affect the monsoon. It withdraws from the peninsular region by mid-
Typically, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean October, and it completly withdraws from the
experiences low pressure when, the tropical country by the first week of Decmber.
eastern south Pacific Ocean experience high
pressure.

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 Season
A country with a monsoon type of climate experiences
distinct seasons.

Advanced Monsoon
India experiences the following seasons:

1.
In the Northern India, the winter season starts in Mid- Over the North India Plains, low
November and lasts till February. pressure conditions worsen by the first
The coldest months are December and January. week of June.

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The days are warm, and the evenings are chilly The southeast trade winds, which originate
throughout the colder months.
In Northern India, frost is a common occurrence as the
from southern oceans, are drawn to these
temperature drops. conditions.
Due to northeast trade winds that blow from land to These winds blow over the warm oceans and

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sea, much of the country experiences a dry cold season. thus bring moisture and rainfall to the country.
Over northern India, there are a lot of cyclonic
During the early monsoon season, the places
disturbance at this moment.
These causes snowfall in the Himalayan regions and rain located on the windward side of the Western
during the winter. Ghats receive heavy rainfall up to 250cm.

rainfall
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The cultivation of rabi crops is aided by the winter’s The northern parts of the country receive
heavy rainfall.
Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives the highest
In India, the hot weather season starts in amount of rainfall in the world.
March and lasts till May. As we go from east to the west, the rainfall
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Because of high temperatures, low air
decreases.
pressure is created in the northern parts of
the country. Rajasthan and Gujrat receive scanty rainfall.
The blowing of the local winds known as ‘loo’ Rain does not fall continuously during the
during India’s hot weather season is one of its monsoon season.
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distinguishing characteristics. Thus, there are dry spells and wet spells.
The wind is hot, and it can blow in the evening.
Monsoons are uncertain and irregular.
Fever and anxieties may result due to direct
contact to these winds.
Dust storms and light rainfall can occasionally Retreating Monsoon
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be found in northern India in May.

-The southwest monsoon winds weaken between
As a result, the temperature decreases.
In West Bengal, during the season, there is October and Northern plains by the beginning of
heavy rain and hail. October.
They are also known as Kaal Baisakhi. Clear skies and a rise in temperature in the
In Kerala and Karnataka, rainstorms are northern plains are signs of the retreat.
frequent as summer comes to an end.
They help in the early ripening of mangoes and
Ther term ‘October heat’ is referred to this
are sometimes referred to as ‘mango rise in temperature.
showers’. Cyclonic depressions start to form at this
point as low pressure conditions transfer to
the Bay of Bengal.
Usually in the eastern and southern coasts,
these cyclonic depressions generally
cause the devastation of both life and
property.
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 The Eastern Ghats are already dry by the time
winds arrive since they have already lost their
moisture.
Distribution of Rainfall As a result, the Western Ghats experiences
Rainfall distribution is not the same for every greater precipitation than Eastern Ghats.
part of the country. The other Parts of the country receive
While northeastern India and the parts of the moderate rainfall.
western coast receive about 400cm of rainfall The western sections of the country
annually, western Rajasthan and the western frequently experience drought-like conditions.
Monsoon as a Unifying Bond

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parts of Gujrat, Punjab and Haryana receive
less than 60cm of rainfall.
The monsoon winds unite the entire country
The winds which rise from the Arabian sea are
despite their erratic and unpredictability.
full of moisture.
The arrival of rainfall is anxiously anticipated
Heavy rainfall is Caused when these winds hit
by the farmers.
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the western side of the mountain.
large Climate Difference result from this type
of rainfall distribution.
The water needed to start agricultural
activity is provided by rainfall.
Singing, dancing and festival celebrations are
used to celebrate its arrival.
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Map showing direction of Shouthwest monsoon in India

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