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LLD5

This Low-Level Design (LLD) document details the design and implementation plan for the specified feature/module, including class diagrams, database schema, API design, and algorithms. It outlines assumptions, error handling, logging strategies, testing methods, and deployment considerations. Future enhancements such as multi-factor authentication and caching are also suggested.

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pravpawar1998
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14 views5 pages

LLD5

This Low-Level Design (LLD) document details the design and implementation plan for the specified feature/module, including class diagrams, database schema, API design, and algorithms. It outlines assumptions, error handling, logging strategies, testing methods, and deployment considerations. Future enhancements such as multi-factor authentication and caching are also suggested.

Uploaded by

pravpawar1998
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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### Low-Level Design (LLD) Document for [Feature/Module Name]

---

#### **1. Introduction**


This document outlines the detailed design and implementation plan for the [Feature/Module
Name]. It includes class diagrams, database schema, APIs, algorithms, and other technical
specifications required for development.

---

#### **2. Assumptions and Constraints**


- The system is built using [Technology Stack, e.g., Java, Spring Boot, MySQL].
- The application must handle up to [X] concurrent users.
- Latency should not exceed [Y] milliseconds for critical operations.
- Data consistency is ensured using [e.g., ACID transactions or eventual consistency].

---

#### **3. Class Diagram**


Below is the class diagram for the module:

```plaintext
+-------------------+ +-------------------+ +-------------------+
| UserController | | UserService | | UserRepository |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+ +-------------------+
| + createUser() |<------>| + createUser() |<------>| + saveUser() |
| + getUserById() | | + getUserById() | | + findById() |
| + updateUser() | | + updateUser() | | + update() |
| + deleteUser() | | + deleteUser() | | + deleteById() |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+ +-------------------+
```

**Explanation:**
- `UserController`: Handles HTTP requests and responses.
- `UserService`: Contains business logic for user-related operations.
- `UserRepository`: Interfaces with the database for CRUD operations.

---

#### **4. Database Schema**


The database schema for the `users` table is as follows:

```sql
CREATE TABLE users (
id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
password_hash VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);
```

**Indexes:**
- Unique index on `username` and `email` for faster lookups.

---

#### **5. API Design**


**Base URL:** `/api/v1/users`

| **HTTP Method** | **Endpoint** | **Description** | **Request Body**


| **Response** |
|------------------|-----------------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| POST | `/users` | Create a new user | `{ "username": "john_doe",
"email": "john@example.com", "password": "secure123" }` | `{ "id": 1, "username":
"john_doe", "email": "john@example.com" }` |
| GET | `/users/{id}` | Retrieve user by ID | None
| `{ "id": 1, "username": "john_doe", "email": "john@example.com" }` |
| PUT | `/users/{id}` | Update user details | `{ "username":
"johndoe_updated", "email": "john_new@example.com" }` | `{ "id": 1, "username":
"johndoe_updated", "email": "john_new@example.com" }`|
| DELETE | `/users/{id}` | Delete a user | None
| `{ "message": "User deleted successfully" }` |

---

#### **6. Algorithms**


**Password Hashing Algorithm:**
- Use **bcrypt** for hashing passwords securely.
- Steps:
1. Generate a salt using `BCrypt.gensalt()`.
2. Hash the password using `BCrypt.hashpw(password, salt)`.

**Example Code:**
```java
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCrypt;

public class PasswordUtil {


public static String hashPassword(String plainTextPassword) {
return BCrypt.hashpw(plainTextPassword, BCrypt.gensalt());
}
public static boolean verifyPassword(String plainTextPassword, String hashedPassword) {
return BCrypt.checkpw(plainTextPassword, hashedPassword);
}
}
```

---

#### **7. Error Handling**


- **Validation Errors:** Return HTTP 400 with a JSON response describing the validation
issue.
```json
{
"error": "Invalid input",
"details": ["Username cannot be empty", "Email format is invalid"]
}
```
- **Not Found Errors:** Return HTTP 404 with a message.
```json
{
"error": "User not found",
"message": "No user exists with ID 123"
}
```

---

#### **8. Logging**


- Use **SLF4J** for logging.
- Log levels:
- `DEBUG`: For detailed debugging information.
- `INFO`: For normal operational messages.
- `ERROR`: For exceptions and errors.

**Example:**
```java
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class UserService {


private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserService.class);

public void createUser(User user) {


try {
logger.info("Creating user: {}", user.getUsername());
// Business logic here
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Error creating user", e);
throw e;
}
}
}
```

---

#### **9. Testing Strategy**


- **Unit Tests:** Test individual methods in `UserService` and `UserRepository`.
- **Integration Tests:** Test the interaction between `UserController`, `UserService`, and
`UserRepository`.
- **End-to-End Tests:** Simulate API calls to ensure the entire flow works as expected.

**Example Unit Test:**


```java
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

class UserServiceTest {

@Test
void testCreateUser() {
UserService userService = new UserService();
User user = new User("john_doe", "john@example.com", "secure123");
User savedUser = userService.createUser(user);
assertNotNull(savedUser.getId());
assertEquals("john_doe", savedUser.getUsername());
}
}
```

---

#### **10. Deployment Considerations**


- Use **Docker** for containerization.
- Deploy on **Kubernetes** for scalability.
- Monitor using **Prometheus** and **Grafana**.

---

#### **11. Future Enhancements**


- Add support for multi-factor authentication (MFA).
- Implement caching using **Redis** for frequently accessed user data.
- Enable pagination for large datasets.

---
This single-page LLD provides a comprehensive overview of the design and implementation
details for the specified feature/module. It ensures clarity for developers and stakeholders
while maintaining technical precision.

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