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Lect 7 ENERGY RESOURCES

The document outlines various energy resources, categorizing them into renewable (such as solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biomass, and hydrogen) and non-renewable (such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas) sources. It discusses the advantages and methods of harnessing these energy types, as well as the environmental impacts associated with non-renewable resources. Additionally, it highlights the current energy generation scenarios in India for wind and solar energy.

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8 views

Lect 7 ENERGY RESOURCES

The document outlines various energy resources, categorizing them into renewable (such as solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biomass, and hydrogen) and non-renewable (such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas) sources. It discusses the advantages and methods of harnessing these energy types, as well as the environmental impacts associated with non-renewable resources. Additionally, it highlights the current energy generation scenarios in India for wind and solar energy.

Uploaded by

anurag07yd69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logakanthi.

S
➢ Energy resources are materials that can be used to create
energy, such as electricity, heat, or mechanical energy

➢ Renewable or Non-conventional : They are resources that can


be regenerated continuously and are inexhaustible. Eg. Solar,
wind, hydro, tidal etc.

➢ Non- Renewable or Conventional: They are resources from


nature that cannot be regenerated once they are exhausted. Eg.
Coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear fuels
➢Solar: The energy from sun,
This energy is harvested in
many ways
◦ Solar cells or Photovoltaic
cells
◦ Solar Battery- large number of
solar cells are connected in a
series
◦ Solar heat collectors- in
building materials like stone,
brick, glass etc.
◦ Solar water heater
➢ Advantages: Noise and
Pollution free, can be used in
remote and isolated places
➢Wind: The energy from wind,
This energy is harnessed
through
◦ Windmills- Minimum wind
speed for wind generator is
15km/ hr
◦ Wind farm – large number of
windmills are joined in a
definite pattern.
➢ Advantages: Does not cause
air pollution, cheap
➢ Tidal Energy: The energy from tides are harnessed by constructing
a tidal barrage
➢ Ocean Thermal Energy: Energy generated using the
difference in temperature of water between the surface
and deep sea in tropical oceans
➢ The temperature difference should be atleast 20o Cor
more
➢ Warm surface water is used to boil low boiling liquid like
ammonia.
➢ The high vapour pressure formed is used to turn the
turbine
➢ The cold water is pumped to cool and condense the
vapour into liquid
➢ OTE is continuous, renewable and pollution free
➢ Geo-Thermal Energy: This harnesses the high
temperature present inside the earth
➢ Natural geysers

➢ Artificial Geysers
➢ The hot water or steam from the natural or artificial
geysers is allowed to rotate the turbine
➢ The power generation level is higher than solar or wind

➢ GTE is effectively and efficiently used for direct uses


such as hot water bath, resorts etc.
➢ Biomass Energy: Biomass is the organic matter
produced from plants and animals
➢ Directly burned for heating, cooking etc.

➢ Biogas (65% methane); obtained by anaerobic


fermentation of plant and animal waste in the presence
of water
➢ Biofuel – Obtained by fermentation of biomass Eg.
Ethanol, methanol
➢ Calorific value of ethanol and methanol is lower than
petrol
➢ Gasohol- is a mixture of ethanol and gasoline
➢ Hydrogen Fuel: Hydrogen is produced by Photolysis or
Electrolysis of water
➢ It possess high calorific value

➢ Non- polluting as it produces water on combustion


➢ However,
➢Hydrogen is highly inflammable and explosive in
nature
➢Difficult to store and transport
➢Safe handling is required
➢ Coal : Is a solid fossil fuel formed from buried remains of
land plants that lived 300-400 million years ago that are
subjected to intense heat and pressure over millions of
years
➢ The various stages in coal formation are
Wood → Peat → Lignite→ Bituminous coal →Anthracite
➢ The Carbon content in Anthracite is 90%, while that in
Bituminous, lignite and peat are 80%, 70% and 60%
respectively
➢ India has 5% of world’s coal but is not of high quality

➢ Burning of coal releases CO2 and other toxic substances


like SO2 and NOx
➢ Petroleum : Is a thick liquid consisting of mora than 100s
of combustible hydrocarbons with small amounts of S,O,
N as impurities
➢ They occur under lakes and oceans
➢ Fractional distillation
➢ The world’s crude oil reserves are expected to get
exhausted in next 40 years
➢ Natural Gas: It is found above oil in oil well. It is a mixture
of 50-90% methane and small amount of other
hydrocarbons

➢Dry Gas: If the natural gas contains lower hydrocarbons


like methane and ethane, it is called dry gas

➢Wet Gas: If the natural gas contains higher


hydrocarbons like propane, butane along with methane
it is called wet gas
➢ Nuclear Energy
In India 2% of electricity is produced through nuclear energy
➢Nuclear fission: Heavier nucleus are split into lighter
nuclei, on bombardment by fast moving neutrons, and a
large amount of energy is released through a chain
reaction

➢ Nuclear fusion: Nuclear fusion is a nuclear change in


which lighter nucleus are combined together at
extremely high temperatures to form heavier nucleus
and a large amount of energy is released
 Abundant availability
 Least polluting
 Hydroelectric power – upsets the ecological
balance, affects aquatic life
 Radioactive pollutants are challenging to
dispose
 Need to reduce GHG
 Disposal of Fly ash in land is not viable
 Wind energy Scenario in India

India is generating 1200 Mw electricity using wind energy. The


largest wind farm is near Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu which
generates 380 Mw electricity

 Solar Energy scenario in India


A prominent case study for solar energy in India is the "Rewa
Ultra Mega Solar Park" (RUMS) in MP which stands as one of
the largest grid-connected solar power plants in the country,
demonstrating India's significant strides in solar power
generation through government initiatives and favourable
policies. It generates 750Mw electricity

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