INFORMATION,

CONTROL, and
PRIVACY By Group 4
 WHAT IS INFORMATION
CONTROL?

Information Control is the process

of managing the flow of information.
It can be used to protect sensitive
information, such as personal data,
or to control the spread of
misinformation.
 WHAT IS PRIVACY?

Privacy is the right to control how

your personal information is
collected, used, and shared. It is
important to protect your safety,
security, and dignity,
OVERVIEW
It is the policy of the State to protect the
fundamental human right of privacy, of
communication while ensuring free flow of
information to promote innovation and growth.
The State recognizes the vital role of information
and communications technology in nation-
building and its inherent obligation to ensure that
personal information in information and
communications systems in the government and in
the private sector are secured and protected (Sec. 2,
RA 10173).
OVERVIEW
“Human beings value their privacy and the protection of their
personal sphere of life. They value some control over who knows
what about them. They certainly do not want their personal
information to be accessible to just anyone at any time. But recent
advances in information technology threaten privacy and have
reduced the amount of control over personal data and open up the
possibility of a range of negative consequences as a result of access
to personal data. In the second half of the 20th century data
protection regimes have been put in place as a response to
increasing levels of processing of personal data. The21st century
has become the century of big data and advanced information
technology (e.g. forms of deep learning), the rise of big tech
companies and the platform economy, which comes with the
storage and processing of exabytes of data.”
LEARNING OUTCOMES (LOs):

Distinguish a physical resource from a conceptual

resource.
Identify the characteristics of information as a
resource.
Analyze the phenomenon of information overload
brought by high internet penetration.
Explain the major points of the revised
Intellectual Property code of the Philippines (RA
No. 10372).
 INTRODUCTION TO
RESOURCES

Organizations treat company assets, such as

buildings, equipment, and their manpower
as important resources. Resources are the
total means available to a company for
increasing production or profit, including
land, labor, capital, and raw materials.
PHYSICAL RESOURCES
Usually start from
acquisition and are then
assembled to be available
for use when needed. They
are tangible and can be
easily identified.
CONCEPTUAL RESOURCES

Conceptual resources
are non-tangible and are
considered valuable for
what they present
rather than their
physical make-up.
 INFORMATION AS
A RESOURCES

Information can be simply defined as “fact about

something or someone that are provided or learned.”
Facts are considered relevant truths which have been
validated and identified. Data are considered facts;
therefore, processed data are considered as
information as they are organized in such a way that
they have additional value beyond the value of facts
themselves.
THE FOLLOWING ARE CONSIDERATIONS OF
INFORMATION AS A RESOURCES

EXPANDABLE COMPRESSIBLE

TRANSPORTABLE DIFFUSIVE

SHAREABLE
 Ex. RESUME
EXPANDABLE MARIA SANTISIMA

Information can be expanded

without compromising its
integrity. In fact, by having
additional information, much
more can be understood from
it.
COMPRESSIBLE
Ex. NEWS SITES

Although expanded
information can give a
more detailed
explanation, it may not
always be needed.
TRANSPORTABLE

Digital information is easily

transportable. With use of
the internet and various
technologies, information
can be sent through any of
the following:
 DIFFUSIVE
Gossip or rumors tend
to spread easily.
Unfortunately, the same
applies to any kind of
information - be it true
or not.
 SHAREABLE
Since information can be easily
spread, it is considered
shareable as well. Information
can be kept calling it a secret.
However, once a person decides
to tell it to someone, then he or
she will no longer have control
over it.
 VALUABLE INFORMATION
Information is said to be valuable if it has the
following characteristics (Stair & Raynolds, 2016):

ACCURATE
Accurate information is error-free.
Analyst call this is “garbage-in-garbage-out”
What are formal information and informal
information?
COMPLETE
Information that contains all important facts.
This is especially important in the field of
medicine.
ECONOMICAL

Information should be relatively

economical to produce.
RELIABLE
Reliable information can be depended on. In many
cases, the reliability of information depends on the
validity of the data collection method.

FLEXIBLE
Flexible information can be used for
different purposes.
RELEVANT
Relevant information is important to the
decision-maker;

SIMPLE
Information should also be simple, not
overly complex. Sophisticated and detailed
information may not be needed.
 TIMELY
Timely information is delivered when it is needed.
This is true in the case of weather prediction, stock
market forecasts, and traffic management.

VERIFIABLE
Means that information can be checked for
correctness and authenticity. Most authors include
references, bibliography, or citations in their works
to enable readers to verify the content.
ACCESSIBLE
Information can be easily accessible by
authorized users to be obtained in the right
format at the right time to meet their needs.

SECURE
Information should be secure from
access by unauthorized users.
VALUE OF INFORMATION
Information is considered valuable mainly for
business as businesses depend on it to produce
quality products and services. This helps
organizations become globally competitive and be
up to date with the latest trends and technology.

Valuable information helps managers make good

decisions which is why valuable or useful
information is called knowledge.
FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION

Zero-marginal cost - producing the first copy of an

information good may be substantial, but the cost of
producing (or reproducing) additional copies is
negligible.

Non-rivalrous - simultaneous consumption of

information by consumers is possible. Movies
nowadays are sold not only as DVD copies.
FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION

Non-exclusive - exclusion is not a natural property of

information goods, though it is possible to construct
exclusion artificially.

No transparency - to evaluate the information, the

information must be known, so no one has to invest
in learning how to evaluate it. A programmer
undergoing boot camp training to learn a new
programming language needs to invest time, money,
and effort.
 INFORMATION ECONOMICS
Since people have widely different values for particular
piece of information, value-based pricing leads naturally
to differential pricing.

In economics, a good is considered to be an

experience good if consumers must experience it to
value it.
Virtually any new product is an experience good, and
marketers have developed strategies such as free
samples, promotional pricing, and testimonials to
help consumers learn about new goods.
 INFORMATION ECONOMICS

Information, on the other hand, may be treated

differently since it is not the asset that provides value
in today’s economy: what provides value is the
information about the asset.

With information, organizations cannot give the full

experience to customers as this could mean lost
interest afterwards.
 INFORMATION ECONOMICS

The tension between giving away your

information - to let people know what you
have to offer - and charging them for it to
recover your costs, is a fundamental
problem in the information economy.
 STRATEGIES USED BY
ORGANIZATIONS
Browsing previews - movie trailers that normally run
from 1-3 minutes give viewers a glimpse of what the
film is all about.
Branding - big names such as Microsoft and apple
have no issues when it comes to launching new
products as people have already established their
trust on these brands.
Reputation - when a movie is announced, people
would often be skeptical if it would be good enough.
 INFORMATION ECONOMICS

In the digital world, an experience good may

not necessarily translate into a good which is
physical or directly used by customers.

For this reason, game apps offer virtual

goods such as character gears, equipment,
and even level-up boosts in exchange for
virtual money.
 INFORMATION OVERLOAD
Information is now available so quickly, ubiquitously,
and inexpensively.
3 REASONS WHY INFORMATION IS
RAPIDLY INCREASING
Easy duplication and transmission of information - a
picture posted on Facebook which is also posted on
Instagram and Twitter means that the same picture
has been posted three times different sites.
Increase in communication methods - what used
to be mobile phones for SMS and computers for
emails are smartphones that can do both. A simple
text message is no longer restricted to SMS via
telco providers but also through apps such as
Viber and Messenger.

Growth archives of historical information - print

or hard copies are now being replaced by digital
ones. These digital copies are stored on cloud
serves that offer maximum storage capacity for
end users.
INFORMATION OVERLOAD
 ACCORDING TO THE 2018 GLOBAL DIGITAL SUITE OF REPORTS
FROM WE ARE SOCIAL AND HOOTSUITE:
More than half the world now uses the internet (up 7% year-on-year).
Qatar and UAE top the internet penetration ranking with 99% of their total
population using the internet.
For 3 years in arow, Filipinos have been spending the greatest amount of
time on social media with an average of 4 hours a day.
More than 2/3 of the world’s population now as a mobile phone, with most
people now using smartphones.
More than half of the world’s web traffic new comes from mobile phones.
More than 60% of all mobile connections around the world are now
“broadband”.
More than 1 of 5 of the worlds’ population shopped online the past 30 days.
Compared to the year 2017, 2018 has seen
exponential growth in terms of digital information.
This could be attributed to the fast-growing
internet as well as to the latest technological
advancements, especially in mobile devices.

The Philippines has one of the slowest fixed

internet connections in the world - 4.2 Mbps
compared to the global average of a6.3 Mbps, the
country has one of the fastest mobile connection
speed, averaging at 13.9 Mbps.
 INFORMATION CONTROL
IPR (INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS) - to those prepared
to purchase it.
It is about allowing those who have appropriate authority access
and use of information on the basis of authority that they hold.

SOFTWARE PIRACY
According to The Software Alliance (www.bsa.org) (2018), software
piracy is “the unauthorized copying or distribution of copyrighted
software

It can be done through copying, downloading, sharing, selling or

installing multiple copies of software onto personal or work
computers.
 EXAMPLES OF SOFTWARE
PIRACY:
Distributing software or mobile apps from the internet in a
manner that violates the license terms.

Buying a single copy of a software program and installing it on

multiple devices without authorization.

Making and/or sharing copies of installation CDs.

Sharing the login credentials (without authorization) used to

access a web-based software application.
 4 ISSUES ON THE PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION
CONTROL ACC. TO ADAM THEIR IN 2011

CONVERGENCE
Technological advancements and social media have paved the
way for media content such as music and movies to be distributed
from their “traditional” distribution platforms.

SCALE
With technology and fast internet connectivity, viewers no longer
need to wait days to watch the foreign shows with English
subtitles.
 VOLUME
Nowadays, news and media outlets abound in print and online.
News agencies such as Manila Bulletin or The Philippine Star have
not only print copies of their news but also digital copies which can
be accessed through their websitesmb.com.ph and
www.philstar.com respectively.
UNPRECEDENTED INDIVIDUAL
EMPOWERMENT

The popularity of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and

Instagram has made it possible for individuals to post
anything they want.
 INFORMATION CONTROL
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP)
It refers to a number of distinct types of
intangible assets for which a set of exclusive
rights are recognized.

It is any creation or product of the human mind

and may be expressed in the form of original
ideas, expression, and processes.
 INFORMATION CONTROL
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR)
are the rights given to persons over their
creations

They usually give the creator an exclusive right

over the use of his or her creation for a certain
period of time
 INFORMATION CONTROL
According to the Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines (RA 8293), IPR consists of the ff.
COPYRIGHTED AND RELATED RIGHTS
TRADEMARKS AND SERVICE MARKS
GEOGRAPHIC INDICATIONS
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
PATENTS
LAYOUT DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES) OF INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS (ICS)
PROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION
 INFORMATION CONTROL
COPYRIGHTED AND RELATED RIGHTS

COPYRIGHT
Is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to the creator of an
original work or their assignee for a limited period of time in
exchange for public disclosure of the work, and includes the right to
copy, distribute, and adapt the work.

DIGITAL RIGHTS
Is a distinctive sign used by an individual, business organization, or
other legal entity to identify the products or services to consumers.
 INFORMATION CONTROL
TRADEMARKS AND SERVICE MARKS

TRADEMARK
Is a distinctive sign used by an individual, business
organization, or other legal entity to identify the
products or services to consumers.
 INFORMATION CONTROL
GEOGRAPHIC
INDICATIONS
For marks with geographical indications, a notice stating that
a given product originates in a given geographical area must
be identified

INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

These rights protect the visual design of objects. An industrial

design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or
composition of pattern or color, containing aesthetic value.
 INFORMATION CONTROL

PATENTS
A set of exclusive rights granted by a state to an inventor for
a limited period of time in exchange for the public
disclosure of an invention.
 INFORMATION CONTROL

LAYOUT DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES)

OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (ICS)

Integrated circuits – commonly known as “chips” or “micro-chips” –

are the electronic circuits in which all the components (transistors,
diodes and resistors) have been assembled in a certain order on the
surface of a thin semiconductor material (usually silicon). A layout
design of an integrated circuit can be protected if it is original in the
sense that it is the result of the creators’ own intellectual effort and
not commonplace among creators of layout- designs and
manufacturers of integrated circuits at the time of the creation.
 INFORMATION CONTROL
PROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION

TRADE SECRET
Trade secret is the term used for any method,
formula, device, process, or any information that
gives the business a unique competitive advantage
over its competition.
 INFORMATION CONTROL
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

The Intellectual Property Office of the

Philippines (IP Philippines) is the
government agency in charge of the
implementation of the law protecting
intellectual property rights in the Philippines
as provided for under RA 8293.
 INFORMATION CONTROL
PRIVACY ACT OF 2012. THE LAW DEFINES SENSITIVE PERSONAL
INFORMATION AS BEING:
about an individual’s race, ethnic origin, marital status, age,
color, and religious, philosophical, or political affiliations;
about an individual’s health, education, genetic or sexual life of
a person, or to any proceeding or any offense committed or
alleged to have committed;
 issued by government agencies “peculiar” (unique) to an
individual, such as social security number; and
 marked as classified by an Executive Order or an act of
Congress.
 INFORMATION CONTROL
ALL PROCESSING OF SENSITIVE AND PERSONAL INFORMATION IS
PROHIBITED EXCEPT IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES. THE EXCEPTIONS ARE:

consent of the data subject;

 pursuant to law that does not require consent;
 necessity to protect the life and health of a person;
 necessity for medical treatment; and
necessity to protect the lawful rights of data
subjects in court proceedings, legal proceedings, or
regulations.
 GROUP 4

Thankyou For
Your Attention