Name: __________________________________________________________________ Hour: ____________

Biology Unit 6 Review: Genetics Inheritance, Pedigrees, & Genetic Engineering

Vocabulary Term Definition, Description, and Examples (where applicable)

Mendel

DNA

Gene

Allele

Dominant Trait

Recessive Trait

Genotype

Phenotype

Homozygous

Heterozygous

Punnett Square

Genotype for Homozygous (Which letter combination would you use?)

Dominant
Genotype for Homozygous (Which letter combination would you use?)
Recessive
Genotype for Heterozygous (Which letter combination would you use?)
(Mendelian genetics)
Non-Mendelian Traits
Incomplete Dominance
(include example of
genotypes)

Codominance
(include example of
genotypes)

Sex-Linked Trait

Polygenic Trait

Multiple Allele Trait

Pedigree

Pedigree Circles

Pedigree Squares

Pedigree Shaded Shapes

Pedigree Non Shaded Shapes

Genetic Engineering

Cell Transformation /
Genetically Modified
Organisms
Transgenic Organisms
(give specific examples)

Gene Therapy

Cloning
(give specific examples)

Selective breeding

Punnett Square Practice

1. In pea plants, being tall is dominant over being short. A homozygous tall (TT) plant is crossed
with a homozygous short plant (tt).
a. What is the phenotype of a heterozygous plant for this trait?

b. Complete the (1) key, (2) parent genotypes, and (3) Punnett Square:

c. What percentage of the offspring will be tall?

d. What percentage of the offspring will be short?

2. In pea plants, having round seeds is dominant over having wrinkled seeds. A heterozygous round
seeded plant (Rr) is crossed with a homozygous round seeded plant (RR).
 a. Complete the (1) key, (2) parent genotypes, and (3) Punnett Square:

b. What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous (RR)? ____________

3. In humans, acondroplasia or “dwarfism” allele (D) is dominant over the normal allele (d). A
heterozygous dwarf man marries a heterozygous dwarf woman:
a. Complete the (1) key, (2) parent genotypes, and (3) Punnett Square

b. What is the probability of having a normal child?

c. What is the probability that the next child will also be normal? (Think: Does the probability ever
change?)
d. What is the probability of having a child that is a dwarf?

4. Oompahs can have red, blue, or purple hair. The allele that controls this trait is
INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT, where purple hair is caused by the heterozygous condition.

Red Hair Genotype = ____________ Blue Hair Genotype = ____________

Purple Hair Genotype = _____________

Orville Oompah has purple hair and is married to Opal Oompah who brags that she has the
bluest blue hair in the valley.

a. Parent Genotypes : ______________________________________________

b. Complete a Punnett Square:

 c. What are the chances (probability) of their children having red hair? ______________

…blue hair? _________________

…purple hair? _________________

One of Orville and Opal's children is born with shocking red hair.

Could Orville be the father? Explain why or why not…

But wait, Opal swears that she has been faithful, she claims the hospital goofed and got her baby mixed
with someone else's. Could Opal be the mother of the red haired child? Explain why or why not….

5. A blue-skinned alien from one quadrant of the universe and a yellow-skinned alien from another
quadrant of the universe have 4 beautiful alien babies in an intergalactic example of incomplete
dominance. The babies all have green skin (a blending of yellow and blue).

If blue skin is caused by the genotype BB and yellow skin is caused by the genotype bb, show how the
alien miracle babies were produced! (Hint: Draw the Punnett square)

6. In mountain mice, the genes for length of tail exhibit incomplete dominance. Use a Punnett
Square to predict the result of a cross between a homozygous long-tailed mouse and a homozygous
short-tailed mouse.

What do the offspring look like? Why?

7. In Smileys, eye shape can be starred, circular, or a circle with a star. Write the genotypes for the
pictured phenotypes beneath each picture.

What would happen if we crossed a star-eyed smiley and a circle-eyed smiley?

Parent’s Genotypes = ___________________________

Complete the Punnett Square:

What is the ratio of the genotypes AND phenotypes that results from this cross?

8. In cats, fur color is a codominant trait. A cross between a black cat and a tan cat produces a
tabby pattern (black and tan fur together).

What is the probability of having tan kittens if a tabby cat and a black cat cross? (Hint: First complete
the (1) key, (2) parent genotypes, and (3) Punnett Square)

What is the probability of having black kittens if a tabby cat and a black cat cross? (Hint: First complete
the (1) key, (2) parent genotypes, and (3) Punnett Square)
9. Which gender is more likely to have (meaning they show/express) a recessive, sex-linked trait that
is found on the X chromosome—male or female? WHY?

10. From which parent (mother or father) do sons inherit recessive, sex-linked traits that are found on
the X chromosome? WHY?

11. Which sex chromosome (X or Y) do you find most sex-linked traits on? WHY?

12. Colorblindness is a recessive, sex-linked disorder found on the X chromosome in humans. Suppose
a colorblind man has a child with a woman who is a carrier of the disorder:

a. What is the genotype of the man? ______

b. What is the genotype of the woman? ______

c. Complete a Punnett Square:

d. What is the probability that the ANY of their children will be colorblind? _____

e. What is the probability that they will have a daughter who is colorblind? _____

f. What is the probability that they will have a son who is colorblind? _____

13. In fruit flies, eye color is a sex-linked trait found on the X chromosome. Red eyes are dominant
over white eyes. If a red-eyed male mates with a white-eyed female:

a. What is the genotype of the male? ______

b. What is the genotype of the female? ______

c. Complete a Punnett Square:

 d. What is the probability of this cross producing offspring with white eyes? _______

Pedigree Practice

In genetics, traits can be traced over several generations by using pedigree charts, which are similar to
family trees. Pedigree charts are useful in gathering background genetic information that can be used
for medical reasons, breeding animals (e.g. horses, dogs, etc), and tracing genetically inherited traits. For
example, horse race enthusiasts rely heavily on pedigree charts to predict a horse’s success. The pedigree
chart below illustrates the history of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles in a particular horse lineage:

a. What is the genotype of individual #3 and 4? How do you know that?

b. Can individual #8 or 9 be homozygous? Explain why or why not.

c. Explain the family relationship that #12 has with #2.

Label the genotype for each of the individuals below his/her symbol on the pedigree chart (Note: Eye
color is not a sex-linked trait).