UNIT-II

Cloud Computing Fundamentals

Motivation for Cloud Computing
• The users who are in need of computing are expected to invest money on computing
resources such as hardware, software, networking, and storage;

• This investment naturally costs a bulk currency to the users as they have to buy these
computing resources, keep these in their premises, and maintain and make it operational

• It is easy and handy to get the required computing power and resources from some provider
(or supplier) as and when it is needed and pay only for that usage

• This would cost only a reasonable investment or spending, compared to the huge
investment when buying the entire computing infrastructure.

• Cloud computing is a mechanism of bringing–hiring or getting the services of the computing

power or infrastructure to an organizational or individual level to the extent required and
paying only for the consumed services

• The need for cloud computing that it eliminates a large computing investment without
compromising the use of computing at the user level at an operational cost.

• Cloud computing is very economical and saves a lot of money

• The cloud represents the Internet-based computing resources, and the accessibility is
through some secure support of connectivity.

• Cloud computing encompasses the subscription based or pay-per-use service model of

offering computing to end users or customers over the Internet and thereby extending the
IT’s existing capabilities
Need for Cloud Computing
• The main reasons for the need and use of cloud computing are convenience and reliability.

• Saving a file to the cloud (e.g., use of cloud application Dropbox) ensures that we will be able
to access it with any computer that has an Internet connection.

• The cloud also makes it much easier to share a file with friends, making it possible to
collaborate over the web.

• It is important to choose an access control with a strong password and pay attention to any
privacy settings for the cloud service that we are using.

Definition of Cloud Computing

• cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet from a
remote location or computer instead of our computer’s hard drive

• It has several properties such as scalability, elasticity etc.

• Cloud computing can be done anywhere, anytime, and by any device.

• NIST Definition of Cloud Computing

• Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand

network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction.

• The usage or accessibility is to cost only to the level of usage to the customers based on
their needs and demands, also known as the pay-as-you-go or pay-as-per-use model

Roots of cloud computing

• The main roots of clouds computing can be analyzed by finding the advancement of several
technologies, hardware virtualization, Internet technologies
Layers and Types of Clouds
• Cloud computing services are divided into three basic classes, according to the abstraction
level of the capability provided and the service model , namely:

– (1) Infrastructure as a Service

– (2) Platform as a Service and

– (3) Software as a Service

Cloud Computing is a Service

• It allow us to store and retrieve information

• Flickr started with an emphasis on sharing photos and images, it has emerged as a great
place to store images.

– Flickr allows us to easily access our images no matter where we are or what type of
device we are using

– Flickr we can share the images. There is no need to burn them to a CD or save them
on a flash drive. We can just send someone our Flickr address to share these photos
or images.

– Flickr provides data security. By uploading the images to Flickr, we are providing
ourselves with data security by creating a backup on the web.
Cloud Computing is a Platform
• The World Wide Web (WWW) can be considered as the operating system for all our
Internet-based applications.

• However, one has to understand that we will always need a local operating system in our
computer to access webbased applications

• The basic meaning of the term platform is that it is the support on which applications run or
give results to the users.

• For example, Microsoft Windows is a platform. But, a platform does not have to be an
operating system.

• Through cloud computing, the web is becoming a platform. With trends (applications) such
as Office 2.0, applications that were originally available on desktop computers are now being
converted into web–cloud applications.

• Word processors like Buzzword and office suites like Google Docs are now available in the
cloud as their desktop counterparts. All these kinds of trends in providing applications via
the cloud are turning cloud computing into a platform or to act as a platform.

Principles of Cloud Computing

• The principles put forth by NIST describe

– (a) The five essential characteristic features that promote cloud computing

– (b) The four deployment models that are used to narrate the cloud computing
opportunities for customers while looking at architectural models

– (c) the three important and basic service offering models of cloud computing

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

• 1. On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities,
such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human
interaction with each service’s provider.

• 2.Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms
(e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and personal digital assistants [PDAs]).

• 3.Elastic resource pooling: The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers using a multitenant model, with different physical and virtual resources
dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. Examples of resources
include storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth.

• 4. Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases
automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in.
 • 5. Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by
leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of
service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can
be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and
consumer of the utilized service.

Cloud Deployment models

• Deployment models describe the ways with which the cloud services can be deployed or
made available to its customers, depending on the organizational structure and the
provisioning location.

• Four deployment models are usually distinguished,

– Public

– Private

– Community and

– Hybrid cloud service usage

• Private cloud: The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single
organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned,
managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them,
and it may exist on or off premises.
A cloud service consumer in the organization's on-premise environment accesses a cloud service
hosted on the same organization's private cloud via a virtual private network

• Public cloud: The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It
may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government
organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider.

Organizations act as cloud consumers when accessing cloud services and IT resources made available
by different cloud providers.

• Community cloud: The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a
specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy,
and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party
and may exist on premise or off premise.
An example of a "community" of organizations accessing IT resources from a community cloud.

• Hybrid cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud
infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound
together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application
portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).

An organization using a hybrid cloud architecture that utilizes both a private and public cloud.