CHAPTER ONE

1. INTROUDCTION

1.1Background
The bladeless wind turbine is a flexible cylindrical structure that harnesses wind energy from a
resonance frequency between the system and air flow, which generates electricity through an
alternator system.
The objective of the work is to design an environmentally friendly bladeless wind turbine for
rural areas to aid in the production of a systematic and clean energy supply.
In this moment of global market volatility, in order to sustain economic and social development
and to create a better standard of living, especially in developing countries, the world desperately
needs energy in growing quantities. But the supply of this energy across the globe comes with
obligation and dedication. Fulfilling the growing energy needs in a safe and environmentally
responsible manner is a great issue.
Over the last few decades, larger, more effective designs have generated ever-increasing amounts
of electricity, making wind power a credible source of energy. Turbine growth may have reached
its ceiling despite the sector seeing a record 6,730 billion in worldwide investment in 2014.
When compared to traditional turbines, bladeless generators will produce power for 40% less
money. Due to the size of the parts, transportation is becoming more difficult with each
generation. Blades and tower tones’ pieces frequently needs specialized vehicles and straight,
broad roadways. Moreover, wind turbines are heavy.
The original idea for the bladeless wind turbine came from the Tacoma Narrows Bridge disaster
in 1940. David Yáñez, the inventor, realized that there is a lot of energy contained in the physical
principle that collapsed the bridge.
Bladeless wind turbine can easily be deployed in urban areas and even integrated into the overall
architecture of buildings. The advantages of this approach are that it reduces noise, avoids
intermittent shade effects, and prevents impacts on migratory birds. Considered a solid-state
wind energy transformer, the maintenance costs are generally lower than those of conventional
wind turbines. Bladeless wind turbine can be combined with solar energy panels to form a hybrid
system, which could be considered for increasing electrical power production and improving the
system’s overall efficiency. Accordingly, Bladeless wind turbine could be considered a
sustainable solution for wind energy in cities.
1.2 Problem Statement
Traditional windmills demand strong winds. There aren’t many places at this airspeed. Hence
 The design of a wind turbine is challenging.
 The price of the various components of a traditional windmill is quite costly per kilowatt,
a typical windmill will cost between $2500 and $7500.
 A considerable amount of space is needed for a functional windmill. The volume swept
by the blades of traditional windmills is greater.
 For wind farms with a capacity of 1 megawatt, the installation area is 60 acres.
Additionally, they are deadly to birds.
 Low-frequency sounds they create are harmful to human health.
 Windmills that operate at lower wind speeds are urgently needed.
1.3 Objective
1.3.1 General Objective
Design of Bladeless Wind Turbine for rural electrification and better energy preserving.
1.3.1 Specific Objective
To design and assembly part of Bladeless Wind Turbine.
 To be solution and helpful most of for rural part of Ethiopia to provide good electricity.
 Significantly improving operational efficiencies by replacing windmill turbine to BWT
for cost minimization.
 The design strives to produce sustainable electricity for not suitable land or rough place
like rulars in Ethiopia.
 Wastage of wind energy by using windmill turbine is going to solve by BTW cause
BWT consume small amount of wind energy.
 BWT can easily mount in anywhere like rooftop, mountain and rocks.
 1.4 Scope of project
From above information it is clear that the Bladeless turbine wind generator is the best option for
electricity generation using wind power due to its various advantages.
The country like Ethiopia which having more rural population and condition suitable for wind
generation through bladeless wind turbine is the best solution.
It will help to increase percentage of renewable energy for electrical power generation and
provides electrically as well as economically efficient power to the consumers. Here it can be
mounted to a roof and be very efficient and practical. A home owner would be able to extract
free clean energy thus experiencing a reduction in their utility cost and also contribute to the
“Green Energy” awareness that is increasingly gaining popularity. Problem with bladeless wind
turbine is that it’s initial cost is high but once it get implemented then it’s operational cost is very
less since it compensates initial cost. Another problem is awareness about this concept. This
concept having very less awareness among the world hence research and development of this
concept is very slow. Hence have to spread this concept because only renewable energy can
survive the world in coming future and in that wind energy is efficient option.
1.5 Significant of project
The operation of the new bladeless wind turbine is based on aero elastic resonance, which allows
energy to be transmitted to its structure by harnessing the force of the wind through the
phenomenon of vortex shedding.
Traditional turbine typically have efficiency level around40-45%, while bladeless turbine have
been shown to boost efficiency level as 60%. This increased efficiency comes from bladeless
turbine’ ability to capture low pressure air pockets that traditional turbine cannot reach around
rural part of Ethiopia.
 CHAPTER TWO
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Bladeless Wind Turbine
Antonio Barrero-Gil et al: Extracting energy from VortexInduced Vibrations: A parametric
study; Universidad politecnica de Madrid, Plaza Cardinal Cisneros 3, E-28040 Madrid, Svain; in
this he studied that Hence; Vortex- Induced Vibrations (VIVs) of a circular cylinder are analyzed
as a potential source for energy harvesting. To this end, VIV is described by a one- degree-
offreedom model where fluid forces are introduced from experimental data from forced vibration
tests. The influence of some influencing parameters, like the mass ratio m* or the mechanical
damping C in the energy conversation factor is investigated. The analysis reveals that: (i) The
maximum efficiency r/M presents a maximum ;( ii) The range of reduced velocities with
significant efficiency is mainly governed by nf, and (iii) It seems that encouraging high
efficiency values can be achieved for high Reynolds numbers.

Robert Correa, Eric Cremer: Wind harvesting via Vortex induced vibration; BJS- WD14; in
this he studied that; There is a need for renewable energy source s to be more feasible. The
purpose of this project is to develop a compact device that is able to harvest wind energy and
transform it into electrical energy using the concept of vortex shedding. When calibrated
correctly, the vortex shedding will induce resonant oscillation. Electricity would be collected
from this oscillation using a magnet and coil assembly.

(Abhijit Mane1, 2017; Tandel et al., 2021); BWT is one of the high efficient wind power plants
in areas with low wind speeds (Asre et al., 2021). In contrast to conventional wind power plant
which uses propellers to generate electrical energy based on a certain wind speed and direction,
BWT utilizes low wind speeds that move from all when the fluid hits the projected mast surface
area from a wind direction, the streamlines of the fluid will tend to scatter and form a turbulent
flow. This is what results in the formation of fluid currents called vortices (Francis et al., 2021).
Mast exposed to the wind will tend to oscillate because of the vortices formed in the mast
structure and cause linear oscillatory motion which is then converted into rotational motion to
produce electrical energy
(Manshadi et al., 2021; Tandel et al, 2021) In terms of cost-effectiveness, one of the
advantages of BWT is its low cost. Based on the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), BWT will
have a low category LCOE and a faster return on investment. Cost reductions can come from the
design, use of raw materials, and the unnecessary need for conventional nacelles, support
mechanisms, propellers, and wind generators In addition, the simple design of the BWT without
the propeller means that lubricating oil is not used so that it can reduce waste. In addition, unlike
conventional wind power plants which can disturb wildlife due to the large propellers and noise
pollution produced, BWTs without propellers do not harm the surrounding wildlife and the
sound produced is so small that it is not disturbing (Yáñez Villarreal, 2018).
2.2 Electrification Ratio

(Kementrian ESDM, 2018); the electrification ratio is the percentage ratio of the number of
electrified households divided by the number of national households. The number of electrified
households comes from the number of PLN households and the number of non-PLN households.

(Marroli, 2019) According to the Electricity Statistical Data by the Ministry of Energy and
Mineral Resources, in 2018 the national electrification ratio increased by 2.95% from 2017. This
data shows that the reach of electricity facilities cannot be "enjoyed" by all people in Indonesia.
The former minister of ESDM, Ignasius Jonan targets the electrification ratio in Indonesia to
reaching 99% by the end of 2019. The fulfillment of the electrification ratio to reach 100%,
which is demonstrated by the reach of electricity facilities to remote parts of the country. Several
areas, such as NTT, have become one of the main focuses for the development of electricity
facilities. This is because, according to the Electricity Statistical Data by the Ministry of Energy
and Mineral Resources, the electrification ratio of NTT Province is only 62.07% or more than 3
million people in NTT who still do not get electricity facilities.
2.3 Wind Condition

(Tjasyono, 2008) (Valley winds); the geographical location of Indonesia, which passes through
the equator, makes Indonesia generally have relatively low wind speeds. According to data from
BPS, in 2015, the average wind speed in Indonesia only reached 2.42 m/s with a maximum wind
speed of only 4.05 m/s and a minimum of 0.07 m/s. In NTT Province, the average wind speed
from the Kupang Climatology Station and Eltari Meteorological Station in February 2020 was
2.3 m/s. In addition, the geographical location of NTT also consists of several mountains and
coasts which cause a lot of local winds to blow. The local wind is caused by the difference in
heat. The difference in heat between day and night results in a heat difference between the air
and land (land winds) and air and ocean (sea breezes). In addition, the heat difference also occurs
between air with highlands (mountain winds) and air with lowlands.

(Thomai et al., 2019); in the working principle of BWT, energy conversion occurs in the mast
section; where the wind hits the mast and makes it vibrate at the same frequency (Fan, Wang, &
Tan, 2021). This induced resonance phenomenon is referred to as the Von Karman Vortex Street
Effect or vortex shedding (Fig. 1). Vortex shedding is an oscillating flow due to a fluid such as
air or water flowing and passing through the mast surface.
2.4 Coefficient of Side Force

(Fan, Wang, Wang, et al., 2021; Munson et 2013) al., Lift coefficient (CL) and drag
coefficient (CD) are dimensionless parameters that determine the lift and drag force of a tool,
where drag is the force generated from the direction of wind speed and lift is normal force
generated at wind speed. The drag coefficient is closely related to the geometry or mechanical
design of a tool because the size of the drag coefficient value indicates the amount of resistance
produced by the fluid, namely the wind speed on the mast. The ratio of lift coefficient (CL) to
drag coefficient (CD) is the coefficient of oscillatory drift or gliding ratio.

(Federal Aviation Administration, 2013) Where the greater the ratio CL/CD indicates greater
the coefficient of oscillatory deviation experienced by the model. The magnitude of the
coefficient of the oscillatory displacement force can be used as the basis for a more efficient
mechanical design review to be applied because the larger the swipe area or deviation, the more
maximal power and vortex shedding it will be. Therefore, optimization of the mechanical design
of the mast can be done by reducing the drag coefficient and increasing the lift coefficient of the
mast
 Chapter Three

3. METHODOLOGY

Alternative energy has made several unsuccessful attempts to resolve these problems. This most
recent submission however, promises to use a fundamentally differently technique from the one
we used in my project, which was to turn the kinetic energy of air in to physical- mechanical
stress. After that we convert the mechanical pressure into an alternating impulse of charge flow,
or current, using piezoelectric sensors. As employ a high structure known as the mast to saddle
the active flow of air. The pole is welded to robust support at the bottom and has a diverging
cylindrical form. It may be viewed as a cantilever beam that supports a load that varies
consistently. The mast begins to vibrate with certain amplitude and in a specific direction with
respect to the welded junction when fast-moving air strikes it. Every substance has a natural
intermolecular frequency, as we known from the idea of resonance. Resonance happens when the
frequency coincides with the frequency of the mast’s vibration. The mast begins to shake more
intensely, and then, using a metal plate called a disc that is welded to the permanent support of
the mast, we convert the intense vibration into vertical stress on the piezoelectric sensors at the
permanent mast support. Our entire piezoelectric circuit is mounted on another plate, which
receives the vertical stress transfer. At this point, it has effectively changed the kinematic energy
of the air into the typical stress on piezoelectric sensors piezoelectric sensors or chips Made of
piezoelectric material, generate charge while under stress. This charge, when connected to wires,
generates current.
 Problem identification

Literature review

Design calculation

Material selection

Energy analysis

Component design

No Yes

Result and discussion

Cost analysis

Conclusion

Recommendation

Fig.3 schematic table of methodology

3.2 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT PHASE
3.2.1 Advantage of BWT
 Additionally, the frequency of oscillation that a structure may have is understood to be
finite, which reduces the possible number of working hours. However, it can function
over a larger range of wind speeds because of a self-tuning magnetic coupling
mechanism.
 By automatically varying stiffness and "synchronizing" with the speed of the incoming
wind, this technology enables oscillation amplitudes to be maximized while maintaining
resonance without mechanical or human intervention. Because there are no mechanical
components in the design that may be damaged by friction, maintenance costs should be
reduced by around 53%
 The magnetic force of repulsion increases as wind speed an increase, which shortens the
distance between the rod and the magnet. As a consequence, the oscillation and potential
of the energy produced reach their peak. As a result, it can save money over the course of
the multiblade wind turbines' 20-year lifespan by eliminating oil changes and the
replacement of the majority of it mechanical parts. Of course weariness still affects it.
 In particular, the elastic rod in the bottom part of the structure, which must endure larger
stresses, is susceptible to twisting and displacement from the wind. However, research
conducted by the corporation supports the fact that the stress on the rod is much beyond
the carbon fiber's operating capabilities.
3.2.2 Disadvantage of BWT
 The fact that bladeless wind energy is still a developing technology and depends on
investors taking a chance seems to be its major drawback. Of course, this phase is
necessary for all new technology. Is more maintenance-intensive due to the gear systems
used. Comparatively speaking, the efficiency of energy taken from the wind is lower than
that of a traditional wind turbine. The required of control systems for regulating
oscillation to match the mast's natural frequency and regulating frequency at greater wind
speeds. Depending on the power needed, the mast's height may be adjusted.
 Less power produce compare to blade windmill
 Electrical power generation affected by environmental changes.
3.3 MATERIAL SELECTION

3.3.1 Frame
3.3.2 Vertical Mass Structure
3.3.3 Piezoelectric Chip
3.3.4 Spring
3.3.5 Ball Joint
3.3.6 Battery
3.3.7 Inverter

3.3.1 Frame
The frame is made of mild steel. The whole parts are mounted on this frame structure with the
suitable arrangement. Mild steel is easily available in market which having high resistance to
breakage and malleable and have high impact strength. It can be easily forged, cut and weld to
form a desired shape.
3.3.2 Vertical Mass Structure
It is used to capture the wind energy through vortex induced vibration. By various literature
survey and journals carbon fiber polymers, plastics, poly vinyl chloride, poly propylene can be
used for vertical mast structure. We use thin poly propylene sheet as a material because it is
semi-rigid and has good fatigue strength and heat resistance property.
3.3.3 Piezoelectric Chip
Before explaining the piezoelectric material we should know about the Piezoelectricity.
Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials in response to
applied mechanical stress.
3.3.4 Spring
Springs are elastic bodies (generally metal) that can be twisted, pulled, or stretched by some
force. They can return to their original shape when the force is released. In other words it is also
termed as a resilient member.
3.3.5 Ball Joint
Ball joints are the spherical bearing that connect the control arms and is used for allowing free
rotation in two planes at the same time while preventing translation in any direction, including
rotating in those planes. Here the ball joint is used to fit at the base of the vertical mast to
undergo free rotation of the vertical mast in any direction.
3.3.6 Battery
Lead acid battery is used here to store the DC charges produced from the piezoelectric chip. Here
12 volt with 7 ampere is used.
3.3.7 Inverter
It is a device used to convert the DC to AC. Here we are using the inverter to convert the dc
produced voltage by the piezoelectric chip into the ac voltage with a constant frequency.
3.4 Working principle of the BWT
Bladeless wind turbine use a ’vortex shedding’ principle. This means that they create a small
vortex around, the place, which to keep the turbine in place and harvest energy from the wind.
That means by using 40<Re<150; alternating vortex street forms where the vortices and
streamline are laminar (Known as the von Karman vortex street).

Fig.3.4.1 Bladeless wind turbine

von Karman vortex street; The principle states that repeating pattern of swirling vortices, caused
by a process known as vortex shedding, which is responsible for the unsteady separation of flow
of fluid around blunt bodies.

Fig.3.4.2 Von Karman Vortex Street

 CHAPTER FOUR
4. WORK PLAN AND BUDGET
4 Work Plan
4.1 Schedule for thesis
As I expected I identify how can to determine following practical work by following this
progress.
1) Brief work of the bladeless wind turbine
2) Dis mental all the components of bladeless wind turbine
3) Understanding which part are fits properly and need to modifies, manufacture and
replacement.
4) Up-to-date fitting of the BWT
5) By designing and welding of the support link of BWT
6) Changing the blades by modifying it with bladeless
7) Adding sensors for better flow of air detection and decreasing low frequency
8) Using corrosion preventing frame cause its exposed to the moister
9) Testing the accomplished operation of BWT

Tasks Month April May June July

Week 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1. Literature review
2. Data collection
2.1.From Primary Data Sources
2.2.From Secondary Data Sources
3. Data Analysis
3.1.Material selection &
component design
4. Documentation
5. Draft Report submission
6. Final Report submission
4.2 Cost Break Down

Tasks Budget estimate Unit Quantity Unit Total cost

price
1. Literature review 1. pen, paper, Paper 25 3 60
• notebook Pen & pencil 2 30 50
Internet - - 100
2. Data collection 1. Materials costs Stainless steel 1 400 400
a. From Primary Data • Data recording device Quartz crystal 1 1200 1200
Sources • Input raw materials
b. From Secondary Data • Spare part Mild steel 1 800 800
Sources • Telephone
• Pen, paper plastics 1 40 600

3. Data Analysis 1. Materials costs Lead acid 1 2200 22000

• input raw materials, battery 0
a. material selection spare part transport - 300 300
b. component design 2. Miscellaneous ac voltage 1 60 480
expenses
• photocopy, print, spherical 2 250 500
transport bearing
• telephone labor - 500 300

4. Documentation 1. Pen, paper, flash Print 90 3 270

5. Final submission 2. labor, print, binding Binding 1 30 30
others - 500 500
Total Cost (In Birr ) 27520