A.

REASONS + SOLUTION

(causes/reasons/ why? – solutions/recommendations/measures)-should

Introduction: There is a current distressing (worrying/alarming) situation that the

number of…….is on the increase (= accelerates/skyrockets/increases considerably) =
The society is currently witnessing a boom in the number of overweight children. In
this essay, I would discuss several precursors to /several triggers for this issue
(phenomenon/trend/practice) before some viable measures are drawn.

there are several factors which account for the sharp rise in the number of
overweight children. The first trigger is that……..Another precursor is that……..

However, a range of available options can be taken to tackle the problem. The
simplest solution is that the authority should ....`.....Another measure should be
that....

In conclusion, there are several triggers for……. while measures should be adopted
at all levels to fully tackle the problem.

B. NEGATIVE EFFECTS + SOLUTION

There is a current distressing (worrying/alarming) situation that the number of…….In

this essay, I would discuss several detrimental impacts of this issue before some
viable measures are drawn.

There are several negative influences caused by the sharp rise in the number of …….
The first adverse impact is that……..Another undesirable effect is that……..

However, a range of available options can be taken to tackle the problem. The
simplest solution is that the authority should ....`.....Another measure should be
that....

In conclusion, there are several impacts caused by……. while measures should be
adopted at all levels to fully tackle the problem.
In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will
this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken
to reduce the impact of ageing populations.

It is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever
before. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this
trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.

As people live longer and the populations of developed countries grow older,
several related problems can be anticipated. The main issue is that there will
obviously be more people of retirement age who will be eligible to receive a
pension. The proportion of younger, working adults will be smaller, and
governments will therefore receive less money in taxes in relation to the size of the
population. In other words, an ageing population will mean a greater tax burden for
working adults. Further pressures will include a rise in the demand for healthcare,
and the fact young adults will increasingly have to look after their elderly relatives.

There are several actions that governments could take to solve the problems
described above. Firstly, a simple solution would be to increase the retirement age
for working adults, perhaps from 65 to 70. Nowadays, people of this age tend to be
healthy enough to continue a productive working life. The second measure would
be for governments to encourage immigration in order to increase the number of
working adults who pay taxes. Finally, money from national budgets will need to be
taken from other areas and spent on vital healthcare, accommodation and transport
facilities for the rising numbers of older citizens. In conclusion, various measures can
be taken to tackle the problems that are certain to arise as the populations of
countries grow older.
Nowadays, more and more older people who need employment compete with
younger people for the same jobs. What are the problems this causes? What are
solutions?
Today, the labour market is becoming more competitive than ever before, with
increasing competition between candidates of different age groups. This has led to
a number of problems that need to be tackled, as will now be explained.

As an increasing number of aged citizens choose to apply for the same vacancies
with young employees, several related problems can be anticipated. Firstly, there
might be an increase in the rate of unemployment among young job seekers.
Compared to the young, older candidates often possess a rich source of experience
and thus have an obvious advantage when it comes to the recruitment process. The
younger they are, the fewer chances people have in job hunting, and this is the case
of many Vietnamese youths who are struggling to secure a job after graduating
from university. Secondly, the workforce will be less productive. Experience of older
workers cannot be used to justify their low levels of productivity due to the
constraint of health. Companies that employ senior workers are often at risk of
having their business delayed because of the frequent sick leave of these
employees. In contrast, junior workers tend to be more dynamic and more content
with working overtime, which contributes to the success of their firms.

However, there are a range of available options to combat the issue. One remedy
is that the government should offer incentives for older people and encourage them
to retire. This will paves the way for young people to fill the vacancies created.
Another measure is that companies ought to hire both junior and senior employees
because a mix of experienced and energetic staff members can be extremely
beneficial for them to grow.

In conclusion, various solutions can be taken to handle the problems caused by

growing competition between young job seekers and their older counterparts.

Most countries believe that international tourism has harmful effects. What
problems are caused by international tourism? Solutions to change negative
attitudes?

Several related problems can be anticipated when cross-border tourism becomes

prevalent. Firstly, the influx of foreign travelers is often associated with an increase
in environmental pollution. Many tourists throw rubbish into the surroundings
irresponsibly, which contributes to air, water, and soil contamination. Furthermore,
there might be a growing demand for transport, decreasing the air quality at the
tourist destination. Secondly, international tourism increases the odds of spreading
infectious diseases into the local community. Viruses such as Ebola and H5N1 can
become a threat to the locals if an infected traveler visits their country. In Vietnam,
for example, many people died after a visitor from Hong Kong carried the H5N1
virus to the country in 2003. This example makes it clear why many people are still
against the development of international tourism.

However, there are a range of options that can be taken to improve the situation.
One measure would be that the government should continue campaigns to raise the
awareness of tourists when they pay a visit to a new land. Travellers should be
encouraged to put waste into the right place or to use public transport if possible.
Another remedy is that there should be medical checks at airports and borders. This
is to guarantee that infected visitors should be quarantined to halt the spread of the
disease.

In conclusion, negative feelings about global tourism still are common in society.
However, this can be resolved by taking the above suggestions.

Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What
can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do?

Humans are responsible for a variety of environmental problems, but we can also
take steps to reduce the damage that we are causing to the planet. This essay will
discuss environmental problems and the measures that governments and
individuals can take to address these problems.

Two of the biggest threats to the environment are air pollution and waste. Gas
emissions from factories and exhaust fumes from vehicles lead to global warming,
which may have a devastating effect on the planet in the future. As the human
population increases, we are also producing ever greater quantities of waste, which
contaminates the earth and pollutes rivers and oceans.

Governments could certainly make more effort to reduce air pollution. They could
introduce laws to limit emissions from factories or to force companies to use
renewable energy from solar, wind or water power. They could also impose ‘green
taxes’ on drivers and airline companies. In this way, people would be encouraged to
use public transport and to take fewer flights abroad, therefore reducing emissions.
Individuals should also take responsibility for the impact they have on the
environment. They can take public transport rather than driving, choose products
with less packaging, and recycle as much as possible. Most supermarkets now
provide reusable bags for shoppers as well as ‘banks’ for recycling glass, plastic and
paper in their car parks. By reusing and recycling, we can help to reduce waste. In
conclusion, both national governments and individuals must play their part in
looking after the environment. (250 words, band 9)

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

TEMPLATE:

………. Although some benefits can be seen from the phenomenon, the drawbacks
are more significant.

………………… presents several advantages. Firstly,…………………... Secondly,

However, those advantages above still cannot overshadow the disadvantages.The

first demerit is that……... Another repercussion worth mentioning is that
…………………

In conclusion, the benefits of ……….. should not be overrated as the disadvantages

are greater.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages

People in community now could buy cheaper consumer goods. Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?

(discuss the advantages and disadvantages)

At the contemporary market, buyers have a wider range of choices for
more affordable commodities. Although some benefits can be seen from the
phenomenon, the drawbacks are more significant.

The provision of cheaper goods presents several advantages. Regarding individual

economical merits, customers now can enjoy inexpensive purchases of diverse
types of goods, which is particularly favorable for the households with limited
incomes. On the societal level, the affordability of consumer products promotes
people’s purchasing power, which contributes to the development of the
economy. It is common knowledge that the market’s demand for products increases
when commodities’ exorbitant prices are reduced. Therefore, people will be
attracted to buying these products on a large scale, fostering the general prosperity
of a country’s economy.

However, those advantages above still cannot overshadow/ eclipse/far prevail over/
exceed/ outweigh the disadvantages. As the goods’ prices are inexpensive and the
quantity is huge to satisfy the market’s need, yet businesses still have to balance
their capital and generate more profit, the quality of commodities might be taken
for granted. In the long term, without quality products, customers will gradually
lose their trust in those products’ manufacturers, which directly jeopardizes the
economy. Another repercussion worth mentioning is that the environment may
suffer. In order to meet the enormous demand from buyers, companies have to
expand their factories and accelerate their production process, which causes much
harm to the surrounding due to their toxic waste and exhaust .

In conclusion, the benefits of cheapening modern goods should not be overrated as

the disadvantages are greater.

250 words

Travelling abroad certainly exerts several positive influences on tourists as well as

the host country. Although there are still drawbacks of international travel, I think
its values are more significant.

On the one hand, the downsides of welcoming foreign visitors are varied. Regarding
tourists themselves, travel expenses in famous tourist destinations, Venice for
example, are expensive, and there are many complicated and tedious prerequisite
procedures such as visa application or plane ticket reservation. As for the countries
that play host to international tourists, the rise in costs of living may lay much
pressure on local people and be a detriment to domestic travel. This is because the
growth in the number of tourists from abroad would encourage costs of hotel
rooms and other services to increase. People in the neighborhood and domestic
visitors would suffer in comparison.

On the other hand, I suppose the benefits of international travel would eclipse
those analyzed disadvantages. First, travelers can have numbers of fascinating
experiences of exotic cuisine and culture, and they get to see places they have not
seen before. A typical example of this is when tourists from other countries come to
Vietnam, they would have the opportunity to use chopsticks, enjoy traditional meals
and go sightseeing in the countryside. Second, the increased number of foreign
people coming to visit another country would evidently enhance tourism industries,
contributing greatly to the wealth of that country. If tourists enjoy their trips, they
will recommend the destination to their friends or perhaps they will come back in
the future.

In conclusion, it appears to me that the merits of international tourism are more

notable than its drawbacks.

272 words

++Organized tour to remote community and other countries is increasingly

popular. Is it a positive or negative development for the local people and
environment?

The past few years have witnessed the burgeoning growth of organized tours to
secluded parts of the world. From my perspective, this phenomenon brings both
and beneficial and adverse outcomes on the locals and the environmental quality.

The ever-increasing popularity of package tours to rural areas offers definite

perks. Regarding the locals, they can enjoy the amelioration in the living standard.
To achieve an increment in tourist arrivals and cater for the growing demand of
incoming tourists, more entertainment facilities and transport infrastructure within
these locations are often established and improved. Such easier access to better
amenities can bring more joy and make lives less difficult in remote areas. As for the
environment, tourists tend to show preference for lush and verdant space when it
comes to what countryside or far flung retreats has to offer. Thus, more trees would
be planted and the air quality would then be significantly improved.
However, there can also be certain negative impacts brought by this trend that are
worth mentioning. Firstly, the development of this mode of tourism may give rise
to environmental degradation. Organized tours often bring a massive number of
tourists to remote and previously unspoilt areas. This can be explained by a
significant amount of water and air pollution as environmentally unconscious
tourists may throw litter or spit on the streets. Secondly, tourists should also be
held accountable for causing enormous disturbance to the life of locals. Intrigued by
the exotic way of living that they hardly encounter in their daily life, some tourists
may give themselves the autonomy to interfere with local residents’ life such as
freely going into their houses to explore, or asking too many questions surrounding
their private lives.

In conclusion, both beneficial and detrimental effects on local people and the
environment can be seen as a result of the rise in trips to distant regions.

DISCUSS BOTH VIEWS:

+ 1 VAN DE A : TWO DIFFERING OPINIONS
There are different views about ……………... Although some people
advocate that VIEW 2, I firmly believe that VIEW 1.
(c2: there is much debate regarding…………….. While some people
believe that view 2, I would argue that view1)
On the one hand, there are several reasons why people believe
that view 2. Firstly,…………………..Secondly,……………….
On the other hand, it is my contention that view 2. Firstly,
…………….Secondly,….
In conclusion, many people maintain that VIEW 1 because
…………………... However, I side with those who ……VIEW 2.
1/ Some people think that famous people can help international
aid organizations to draw attention to important problems.
Others believe that the celebrities can make the problems seem
less important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
There has been much debate regarding the role of famous people
in raising public awareness of major issues. While celebrities can
attract people's attention to the problems, I would argue that they
are likely to make the problems become less crucial.
On the one hand, it is believed that well-known people can assist
international aid organizations in raising people's awareness of
social issues. Firstly, celebrities can communicate information
about big problems to a large audience around the world. For
example, by taking part in the Ice Bucket Challenge in 2014, various
celebrities such as Bill Gates or Mark Zuckerberg have helped the
ALS Organisation to let millions of people know about a disease
called ALS. Secondly, since people tend to listen to the ones they
admire, famous people are much more likely to be able to ask their
fans to take appropriate actions. For instance, a well-known
football player can ask people to donate money to help homeless
individuals.
However, it is my contention that famous people might make the
problems become less important. The first reason is that
individuals tend to only pay attention to what celebrities do and
say rather than what messages they want to convey. In the
aforementioned example about the Ice Bucket Challenge, many
people watched the videos of celebrities taking up the challenge
without actually learning anything about the ALS disease. This
makes little contribution to solving the problem compared to the
large number of famous people involved. Furthermore, in order to
attract viewers, well-known people usually try to deliver their
messages in a funny and entertaining way, which might lead to the
problems becoming less serious.
In conclusion, while celebrities can contribute to tackling social
problems, I believe they are more likely to make these problems
seem less important.
2/ Some people think that there should be some strict controls
about noise. Others think that they could just make as much
noise as they want. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
+ noise: control/ make noise
The problem of noise pollution is currently increasing in modern
society. While some individuals believe the levels of noise being
created should be strictly controlled, I would argue that people
should have the right to produce noise if they want to.
On the one hand, there are several reasons why the government
should control the amount of noise produced. The first reason is
that too much noise can significantly affect people's health. Living
in a place that is too noisy can cause problems such as headaches,
which can decrease the health levels of people, especially old ones.
Additionally,= another justification is that/ another justification
to rally my support for… noise can disturb people's work or study.
For example, a university student will not be able to concentrate
on his preparation for exams if his neighbours keep singing too
loud.
On the other hand, I believe people can make as much noise as
they want because of some reasons. Firstly, producing noise is
sometimes considered a type of recreational activities. For
instance, singing or cheering for a football club can be relaxing, and
everyone has the right to do those things. Secondly, as the world is
becoming more modern, people have found ways to deal with the
problem of noise. For instance, scientists have invented walls and
windows that can block out the noise, which allows individuals to
focus on their work without being disturbed. Therefore, the
problem of noise can be reduced and there is no need for people
to keep quiet.
In conclusion, while there are reasons why the levels of noise
should be limited, I believe people should have the right to make
noise.
3/ Some people think that museums should be enjoyable places
to entertain people, while others believe that the purpose of
museums is to educate. Discuss both views and give you own
opinion.
People have different views about the role and function of
museums. In my opinion, museums can and should be both
entertaining and educational.
On the one hand, it can be argued that the main role of a museum
is to entertain. Museums are tourist attractions, and their aim is to
exhibit a collection of interesting objects that many people will
want to see. The average visitor may become bored if he or she has
to read or listen to too much educational content, so museums
often put more of an emphasis on enjoyment rather than learning.
This type of museum is designed to be visually spectacular, and
may have interactive activities or even games as part of its
exhibitions.
On the other hand, some people argue that museums should focus
on education. The aim of any exhibition should be to teach visitors
somethhing that they did not previously know. Usually this means
that the history behind the museum’s exhibits needs to be
explained, and this can be done in various ways. Some museums
employ professional guides to talk to their visitors, while other
museums offer headsets so that visitors can listen to detailed
commentary about the exhibition. In this way, museums can play
an important role in teaching people about history, culture, science
and many other aspects of life.
In conclusion, it seems to me that a good museum should be able
to offer an interesting, enjoyable and educational experience so
that people can have fun and learn something at the same time.
4/Some people think that sports play an important role in the
development of society. Others think they are nothing more than
a leisure activity. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
There are different views about how sports may influence the
development of society. Although I understand why some people
regard sports purely as a recreational activity, I firmly believe that
sports are a significant contributor to a healthy and affluent
society.
On the one hand, many think that sports have a minor role in
their lives because of several factors. Firstly, people tend to focus
on other aspects of life that they deem more important. Many
adults usually spend a large proportion of their time working and
earning money; they only engage in activities that are of physical
nature during their free time. They may think that playing sports
consumes too much time which can be better used for work.
Another reason for many people disparaging sports is that they
may not see the connection between improving physical health
and increasing mental strength, preventing illness, and enjoying
longer life expectancy. This is perhaps because many people still
find it difficult to access the knowledge about the benefits that
sports can bring to their lives.
On the other hand, I entirely agree with people who consider
sports to be a prominent factor in the development of society.
Firstly, playing sports regularly is associated with better physical
and mental health and contributes to boosting performance at
work. Recent research has suggested the relevant influence of
increased mental health on work productivity and, consequently,
better career prospects. That is why many successful business
figures, no matter how hectic their schedules may be, still adhere
to regular exercise routines. Another thing to point out here is that
the sports industry has been generating tremendous financial
wealth through sports events. Those events also facilitate tourism
and commercial activities that lead to more employment
opportunities.
In conclusion, many people disregard sports largely because they
do not see the benefits of playing sports in their lives. However, I
side with those who value sports as one driver of societal
development.

5/ Some people say that it is necessary to use animals for testing

medicines intended for human use. Others, however, think it is
cruel and unnecessary. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.
People have different views about whether animal testing for
medical research is necessary or not. From my perspective, while
animal testing plays an integral role in the medicine industry, I
would also argue that it is inhuman to do animal-based
experiments.
There are two major reasons why some people oppose the idea of
using animals for medical experiments. Firstly, it is believed that
such experiments are cruel and inhumane, and therefore should be
prohibited. Every year, many animals are subjected to medical
experimentation and have to suffer physical pain and even
deprivation of food and water. Additionally, in order to implement
research on animals, large amounts of money are expended on the
establishment of facilities and human resources. This can be a
burden on a country’s national budget, preventing the government
from investing in other more important aspects like education and
housing.
Despite the above mentioned disadvantages, in my opinion, animal
testing is necessary. Firstly, humans are still reliant on animal
testing for many purposes, including developing new medications
and checking the safety of medical products. In fact, the most
powerful supercomputers are currently unable to understand the
workings of the human body, and complex organs such as the brain
and heart, which is crucial for medical research and development.
More importantly, due to biological similarities, medical research
needs to be implemented on animals, which will bring about better
outcomes in medical research compared to other methods. Over
many years, chimpanzees, the closest relatives of humans, have
been used to investigate advanced treatments for cancer and heart
disease, and until now, there is still no better alternative. In
conclusion, although animal testing may be cruel and cost a
significant amount of money, it still needs to be conducted because
of the unique benefits.
6/Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be shut
down. Others however believe that zoos can be useful in
protecting wild animals. Discuss both opinions and give your own
opinion.
While some people believe that zoos play an important role in
protecting wild animals, others feel that keeping animals locked up
in such places is cruel and unnecessary. Personally, I agree with the
idea that animals should not be kept in zoos and that zoos should
be shut down.
On the one hand, many people feel that zoos are useful in some
regards. Firstly, zoos can help to preserve endangered animals by
keeping them safe from poachers and other threats, such as
habitat destruction and the spread of urbanization(1) . Some zoos
also run breeding programs in order to try and increase the
numbers of some endangered species to help them avoid
extinction. Secondly, by keeping animals in zoos, people can learn
and understand more about them and this can help to raise
awareness amongst the public in order to help preserve certain
species.
However, while the abovementioned ideas may be true to a certain
extent, I believe that zoos are unnecessary for the following
reasons. To begin with, zoos can only hold small numbers of
animals and therefore cannot protect the large majority of species
from being hunted or their habitats from being destroyed(2). I
believe it is the responsibility of each government to create and
fund conservation programs that stop the destruction of the
habitats of endangered species so that animals can live in their
natural state rather than be locked up in cages for their entire life.
Furthermore, in many zoos, animals are being mistreated as they
are often provided with insufficient food and medical care, which
has so far caused many animals in zoos to die because of starvation
and diseases(3) .
In conclusion, though some zoos may have some positive impacts
on the conservation of some certain animal species, overall, I think
they are cruel places and do more harm than good.
7/ Some people feel that manufacturers and supermarkets have
the responsibility to reduce the amount of packaging of goods.
Others argue that customers should avoid buying goods with a lot
of packaging. Discuss both views and give your opinion
While some people think that it is the responsibility of producers
and suppliers to reduce product packaging, others feel that the
responsibility lies with consumers. This essay will analyse both
sides of the argument.
On the one hand, I believe that companies do have a significant
responsibility to limit the amount of packaging that they package
their products in. One reason for this is that many consumers have
very little awareness about the negative impacts that the excessive
amounts of product packaging are having on the environment;
therefore, manufacturers and supermarkets need to minimise the
amount of plastic packaging that is used to store and sell their
products, or preferably use only biodegradable, recyclable, or
environmentally friendly materials(2). In addition, many people
cannot afford to be selective about which products they buy, which
is a further reason why all companies need to be more responsible.
On the other hand, individuals also have a responsibility to protect
the environment from further destruction and pollution by limiting
their consumption of products that are packaged in non-
biodegradable materials. By boycotting certain products from
companies who are not being environmentally responsible,
consumers can put pressure on these companies to change their
attitude towards the materials that they use to package their
products(2). As a result, companies will be forced to act more
environmentally responsible by changing and reducing product
packaging. Consumers have the power to bring about change, but
must act together in order for it to happen. In conclusion,
companies and individuals both need to take responsibility for the
amount of packaging that is used to package goods. The
government also needs to play a significant role in this issue by
creating and enforcing laws that companies must adhere to with
regards to plastic packaging, and by educating individuals about
the environmental destruction and pollution caused by packaging
waste.
+ 2 VAN DE A + B:

…………………… While some people believe that B, my view is that A

IS A MUCH BETTER OPTION.
On the one hand, there are several reasons why some people
maintain that B. Firstly ,…………….Secondly,…………….
On the other hand, it is my contention that A……is more
reasonable/ beneficial/ is a much better option. Firstly,…………
Secondly,…………………
In conclusion, while some people advocate that B because……, my
view is that A…………….
there is much debate regarding orientating / different ways of
orientation for high student after graduating = high school
graduates. While some people believe that (they have a job after
leaving schools ) landing a job right after the threshold of high
school and university is necessary/ essential/ vital/ of great
significance, my view is that they should enroll to/ in university or
college (with) to gain a proper and official education.

On the one hand, there are several reasons why some people
maintain that students/ young adults need to start/ commence
earning money as soon as they graduate from high school ( ( earn
money (through the job) when they finish their term in schools) .
Firstly ,…………….Secondly,…………….

On the other hand, it is my contention that pursuing tertiary

education/ the higher education/ is more reasonable/ beneficial/ is a
much better option. Firstly,………… Secondly,…………………
In conclusion, while some people advocate that students should
apply for a stability/ stable job after leaving school because……, my
view is that (having a) enriching academic knowledge (via) in
universities or colleges ( is not skipped/ ) should not be ignored/
overlooked.

+ In developing countries, children in rural communities have less

access to education. Some people believe that the problem can
be solved by providing more schools and teachers, while others
think that the problem can be solved by providing computers and
Internet access. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
It is true that a proper education is still out of reach for the children
born in rural parts of developing countries. While some people
hold the opinion that building more schools and sending more
teachers to these areas, my view is that provision of computers
and Internet access is a much better option.
On the one hand, there are several reasons why some people
believe that schools and teachers are still fundamental to the
objective of making education accessible to countryside students.
Firstly, schools serve a number of purposes other than providing
places for classes. More importantly, schools also function as
meeting places for students to learn the importance of
collaborating and socialising with other people, provide an ideal
learning environment for further study and maintain the discipline
of students through regular attendance. Secondly, owing to poor
access to a systematic and constant education in the first place,
students in remote areas are unlikely to study by themselves
effectively. In other words, teachers are required in the learning
process because they can acknowledge these students’ deficiencies
and help them to solve their problems by repeating the same
explanation, giving suitable exercises or even tutoring them
privately.
On the other hand, I believe there are good reasons to supply
these rural students with computers and Internet connection. The
first reason is that these devices enable the students to pursue
study programmes despite the fact that these students live in
distant areas. For example, students can use the computer and the
Internet to participate in webinars from universities or work with
the teachers through emails. This idea would seem more feasible
than sending teachers to remote regions to teach. Another factor
is that the computer can be a useful learning tool with educational
softwares. There are many computer programmes which contain a
comprehensive course of self-study these days, so that the
students can use these software applications without travelling out
of their hometowns.
In conclusion, while some people maintain that making internet
and computers accessible to people in rural areas is beneficial for
the education in rural areas, I think that technology would offer a
more plausible solution for the reasons mentioned.

+Some people believe that studying at university or college is the

best route to a successful career, while others believe that it is
better to get a job straight after school.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
When they finish school, teenagers face the dilemma of whether to
get a job or continue their education. While there are some
benefits to getting a job straight after school, I would argue that it
is better to go to college or university.
The option to start work straight after school is attractive for
several reasons. Many young people want to start earning money
as soon as possible. In this way, they can become independent, and
they will be able to afford their own house or start a family. In
terms of their career, young people who decide to find work,
rather than continue their studies, may progress more quickly.
They will have the chance to gain real experience and learn
practical skills related to their chosen profession. This may lead to
promotions and a successful career.
On the other hand, I believe that it is more beneficial for students
to continue their studies. Firstly, academic qualifications are
required in many professions. For example, it is impossible to
become a doctor, teacher or lawyer without having the relevant
degree. As a result, university graduates have access to more and
better job opportunities, and they tend to earn higher salaries than
those with fewer qualifications. Secondly, the job market is
becoming increasingly competitive, and sometimes there are
hundreds of applicants for one position in a company. Young
people who do not have qualifications from a university or college
will not be able to compete.
For the reasons mentioned above, it seems to me that students
are more likely to be successful in their careers if they continue
their studies beyond school level.
(271 words, band 9)
2/ Some people think that newspapers are the best way to get
news. However, others believe that they can get news better
through other media platforms. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.
Opinions diverge widely on the importance of different news
sources. While some people consider reading newspapers to be
the most effective way to receive news, I would argue that it is no
longer the best way to get the news due to the proliferation of
online news sources.
On the one hand, there are good grounds for arguing that
newspapers still are the most popular among newsreaders even
though we are living in a digital world. Firstly, since newspapers
have existed long before the introduction of the internet, most
senior citizens have developed a habit of reading a newspaper
every day, and they do not want to change this habit(1) . Secondly,
newspapers are considered a more reliable source of information
compared to other sources nowadays. This is because newspapers
are usually written by professional journalists, and are thoroughly
checked, edited and censored prior to their publication. On the
other hand, the Internet has become an increasingly dominant
news source these days due to the benefits it offers(2) . The first
thing that attracts people to reading news online is its easy access.
With the widespread presence of the Internet, people with
portable devices, such as a smartphone, can access a huge storage
of news in just a few clicks. Furthermore, online news channels
have brought a greater reading experience to readers, thanks to
the constant advancement in technology, which has made it
possible to upload videos and audio recordings online. For
instance, soccer fans these days can re-watch their favourite
matches whenever they want with only a laptop connected to the
Internet, which a mere newspaper cannot do(3) . In conclusion,
although I do agree that printed newspapers are very popular
amongst certain groups of people, I disagree that it is the best way
to receive the news as more and more people are drawn to using
the Internet.
Some people think movies should only be for entertainment.
Others think that they should also have educational values. Discuss
both views and give your opinion
While some people consider films simply a source of
entertainment, others suggest that films should be educational.
Personally, I believe that films can be either, or both, entertaining
and educational; however, it is up to each individual to choose
what films they like to watch. These days, films and TV are
extremely popular forms of entertainment. Almost every
household owns one or more televisions, and almost everybody
loves to watch a certain television program or type of film. After a
long day at work or school, many people simply want to come
home and sit in front of the TV to relax and be entertained. They
may not have the energy or enthusiasm to sit and learn about
something. Furthermore, films and television programs are a part
of the entertainment industry. The purpose of this industry is for
entertainment, and it is a multibillion-dollar industry that creates
jobs and generates a lot of money in many countries(1) . On the
other hand, films and TV programs can have very strong effects on
the minds of audiences and therefore people should be careful
about how the content of the films that they watch affect them
and their families(2) . For example, many people’s morals and
values are A source of entertainment = a form of entertainment:
một loại hình giải trí, thư giãn A part of the entertainment industry:
một phần của nền công nghiệp giải trí A multibillion-dollar industry:
nền công nghiệp hàng tỉ đô To generate a lot of money: tạo ra rất
nhiều tiền Morals and values are shaped by what they watch: giá
trị đạo đức được hình thành bởi những gì họ xem 12 shaped by
what they watwatch on TV and in films. In addition, children can
learn about right and wrong through the cartoons they watch,
while adults can also learn many important lessons through
watching films. For instance, watching a film about war may cause
people to have a strong sense of patriotism for their country which
could be seen as a positive educational effect.(3) In conclusion,
while educational films, such as documentaries, can also be
entertaining, and some films for entertainment can also have many
educational aspects, I believe it is not necessary that all films need
to be educational.
F. A CÓ CÒN CẦN THIẾT NỮA KHÔNG/A BỊ THAY THẾ BỞI B HAY KHÔNG:
Students today can easily access information online, so libraries are no longer
necessary. Do you agree or disagree?

Students are currently able to acquire information on the Internet in a much easier
way than in the past. While I accept that online sources of information have
advantages over traditional libraries, I would argue that there is still a great need
for libraries in today's world.

(indispensable/ irreplaceable )

It is true that accessing information online has several clear benefits. The first one
is that online sources can store a huge amount of information that is greater than
any physical library. This allows researchers to easily get the information they need
without having to travel to a local library. Furthermore, students can look for
information on the Internet whenever they want, while most libraries can only be
visited during several hours per day. As a result, it might be better for those who are
busy to utilise online information sources.

However, I believe that physical libraries still have special/ unique features that
online sources can never replace. Firstly, libraries usually provide quiet areas, which
is a great environment for students to learn and research since they are less likely to
be distracted by things around them. For example, some of my university friends
claim that they can only concentrate when they are in a quiet study area in my
university library. Secondly, since everyone can easily write and post information on
the Internet, these online sources are not always reliable for research. Therefore,
we need libraries whose staff members have the responsibility to select and provide
readers with the most credible materials
In conclusion, while I agree that there are great benefits of getting information on
the Internet, I disagree with the idea that traditional libraries are no longer
important.

G. GOVERNMENT SHOULD INVEST IN A OR B:

The government should spend more money on medical research to protect

citizens’ health rather than on protecting the environment. Do you agree or
disagree?

It is often argued that in order for a country to progress more funding should
be allocated to medical research instead of environmental protection. While I agree
that health research does need extra funding, this should not be at the expense
of environmental preservation, which is also crucial to a country’s development.

The obvious benefit of funding for clinical research is that it can have enormous
impacts on human health. This is because clinical experience can provide valuable
feedback for improving the use of drugs. For example, the approval of a vaccine is
based on a series of controlled clinical trials, often with a few hundred patients, but
after approval, it can save millions of lives. Therefore, tracking clinical experience
with the drug is important for determining the effectiveness in different
populations. Conversely, without sufficient funding from the government, scientists
could not carry out necessary research to develop new medicines and treatment
guidelines for the public.

On the other hand, I also support government spending on the environment as

only the government can pass laws to protect the environment and create
regulations to enforce those laws. For
example, the government can regulate wastewater management by
requiring industries to emit only acceptable amounts of specific
pollutants. Furthermore, another large-scale measure that only the government can
do is promote green energy. They could invest more in new-energy
technologies to find better alternatives to fossil fuels. By doing so, each country can
reduce its global emissions from energy production.
 In conclusion, while I agree that clinical research should receive substantial funding
from the government because of its tremendous benefits for the community, I still
feel that only large-scale funding from the government can address environmental
issues.

The topic centering on the allocation of government budget to various sectors has
become a high controversy. While I believe that money should be spent on
supporting arts-related projects, I would also argue that education needs more
investment./ should be more prioritized/ highlighted.

It is widely admitted that (funding artists ) is highly recommended.

Firstly,...............Secondly,................

However, it is my contention that the government should focus more on other

(important things) . When it comes to education,................As regards medical
services,....................

(However, it is my contention that the government should focus more on education.

Firstly,……..Secondly,………)

In conclusion, while funding artists is the duty of the government, other important
things are required to receive more priority from the government
+sharpen more financial focus on
= place higher priority on
= allocate national budget to s.t
= expend a huge budget on
= pour money into/ pump …into
= financially subsidize

I.COMPLETELY DISAGREE:
Extreme sports such as sky diving and skiing are very dangerous and should be
banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?

In recent years, extreme sports have become increasingly popular, and some people
argue that governments should prohibit them. I completely disagree with = have
strong opposition to the idea that these sports are too dangerous, and I therefore
believe that they should not be banned.
In my opinion, so-called extreme sports are not as dangerous as many people think.
All sports involve some element of risk, and there should always be clear regulations
and safety procedures to reduce the possibility of accidents. People who take part
in extreme sports are usually required to undergo appropriate training so that the
dangers are minimised. For example, anyone who wants to try skydiving will need to
sign up for lessons with a registered club, and beginners are not allowed to dive
solo; they must be accompanied by an experienced professional. Finally, the
protective equipment and technology used in sports from motor racing to mountain
climbing is constantly improving safety.

While I support regulations and safety measures, I believe that it would be wrong,
and almost impossible, to ban extreme sports. In the first place, we should all be
free to decide how we spend our leisure time; as long as we understand the risks, I
do not believe that politicians should stop us from enjoying ourselves. However, an
even stronger argument against such a ban would be the difficulty of enforcing it.
Many of the most risky sports, like base jumping or big wave surfing, are practised
far away from the reach of any authorities. I cannot imagine the police being called
to stop people from parachuting off a mountain face or surfing on an isolated
beach.

In conclusion, …..

Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every
subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In my opinion, men and women should have the same educational opportunities.
However, I do not agree with the idea of accepting equal proportions of each
gender in every university subject.

Having the same number of men and women on all degree courses is simply
unrealistic. Student numbers on any course depend on the applications that the
institution receives. If a university decided to fill courses with equal numbers of
males and females, it would need enough applicants of each gender. In reality,
many courses are more popular with one gender than the other, and it would not
be practical to aim for equal proportions. For example, nursing courses tend to
attract more female applicants, and it would be difficult to fill these courses if fifty
percent of the places needed to go to males. Apart from the practical concerns
expressed above, I also believe that it would be unfair to base admission to
university courses on gender. Universities should continue to select the best
candidates for each course according to their qualifications. In this way, both men
and women have the same opportunities, and applicants know that they will be
successful if they work hard to achieve good grades at school. If a female student is
the best candidate for a place on a course, it is surely wrong to reject her in favour
of a male student with lower grades or fewer qualifications.

In conclusion, the selection of university students should be based on merit, and it

would be both impractical and unfair to change to a selection procedure based on
gender.

K. COMPLETELY AGREE:
Some people say that too much attention and too many resources are given in the
protection of wild animals and birds. Do you agree or disagree about this opinion?

The protection of wildlife has become a frequent subject of debate with strong
arguments for and against. Personally, I believe that humans are paying too much
attention and allocating too many resources to this issue, as will now be explained.

Firstly, if we allow any species to disappear, this is actually not a disaster. Some
people may argue that the biology will be seriously affected if birds and wild animals
are on the verge of extinction, but this is an exaggeration. Fossil evidence suggests
that the mass disappearance of the dinosaur did not cause any harm to other
species on the Earth but merely triggered the emergence of others such as the
mammal. Therefore, we should not devote too much attention to the protection of
wildlife.

Secondly, public money is limited. This means that the national budget should be
allocated to more urgent issues rather than expending too much in the conservation
of wild animals and birds. For example, more resources should be diverted to
medical research to find out remedies for fatal diseases such as HIV and cancer,
which may help to save thousands of lives in society.
Finally, the government can simply protect wildlife by continuing campaigns to raise
public awareness of the protection of wildlife habitats, or impose stricter
punishments on activities that may harm wild animals. Any individual who hunts
wildlife for food or for pleasure should be given a heavy fine, and this may
discourage them from threatening the life of wild animals.

(There are several reasons why I believe that……..Firstly,…….Secondly,……Finally,….)

In conclusion, while I do not refute the argument for the conservation of wildlife, I
believe that it should attract less attention and fewer resources from the public.

As well as making money, businesses also have social responsibilities. Do you

agree or disagree?

People have different views about what kinds of obligation a company should have.
While I accept that the top priority of companies is to generate profits, I agree that
they should also have social responsibilities. =

On the one hand, I believe businesses already contribute to society by simply

focusing on making money. The first reason is that when companies earn much
profits, they can expand their businesses, which creates more job opportunities for
people. Some big multinational corporations such as Apple or Microsoft can be a
great illustration. They have been employing hundreds of thousands of individuals
around the world, which helps to reduce unemployment rates in many countries.
Additionally, when companies make higher profits, they will pay more taxes for the
government. This money can be used to invest in important fields such as education
or health care, which will benefit society as a whole.

On the other hand, I would argue that apart from making money, companies also
need to have social responsibilities. Firstly, since the rising number of factories
these days has led to serious environmental damage, companies need to take
immediate actions to help protect the natural environment. For example, they could
try new technologies to recycle their wastes instead of disposing of them
immediately. Secondly, corporations should also consider helping those who are
less fortunate such as homeless or disabled citizens. This will contribute to better
society and also help to enhance the image of the company or the brand.
In conclusion, although companies should prioritise the need to make profits, I
believe they should also have social responsibilities.

Some people think that in order to prevent illness and disease, governments
should make efforts in reducing environmental pollution and housing problems.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement

THe prevention of illness and disease is a challenging problem for any community.
Although many people may be skeptical about the effectiveness of an investment in
improving the environment and providing more housing for the public, I believe that
it is a good solution to the issue, as will now be discussed.

On the one hand, ameliorating environmental contamination can hinder the spread
of disease and illness. Today, people’s health is deteriorating due to the adverse
effects of poor air quality, making us more vulnerable to viruses and health
problems. A number of urban citizens suffer from lung cancer and throat cancer due
to the dangerous level of exhaust emissions from traffic and industrial activities in
many big cities such as Beijing and Hanoi

Therefore, improving the environment should be treated as the top priority among
other concerns of the government. For example, an outright ban on the use of
private vehicles can decrease the amount of harmful fumes released into the
atmosphere, contributing to the clean-up of the environment. On the other hand,
the provision of more accommodation for the public is also a highly effective
measure to reduce health risks. Many people are still homeless in society while
many others have to live in slums under poor living conditions with poor access to
medical services when they are sick. This triggers the rise of endemic diseases such
as malaria in society, putting the life of other citizens in jeopardy. By providing more
social apartments of affordable prices and incentives for the poor, the government
would not only mitigate the dearth of housing but also prevent disease and illness
effectively at an early stage.

In conclusion, it is my belief that environmental pollution and lack of housing are

root causes of the proliferation of illnesses and diseases in society, requiring the
government to take actions to tackle the problem.
L. PARTLY AGREE:

Everyone/all should become vegetarian because they do not need to eat meat to
have a healthy diet. Do agree or disagree?

(best----) -

Many people in the world currently choose not to eat meat in their daily meals.
While I accept that this tendency can help people to live healthily, I believe not
everyone should become vegetarian.

In my opinion, there are several benefits of being vegetarian. Firstly, since there are
many types of vegetables that can provide people with enough nutrition, it has
become less necessary for people to eat meat. For example, potatoes and beans are
two popular dishes for families in England because of the large amount of calories
they can provide. Secondly, vegetables and fruits contain vitamins that are highly
beneficial for people. For instance, it has been proven that eating an apple every
day can help individuals improve their health and avoid illness. Finally, if more
people refuse to eat meat, fewer animals will be slaughtered.

However, I believe this tendency is not suitable for everyone. First, it is not
advisable for children to become vegetarian. As they are in the process of growing
up, they need to eat a wide range of food, including meat which contains essential
nutrients, to improve their physical health. If children only eat vegetables, they
might become less healthy than they should be. Furthermore, athletes are the
people who should not be vegetarian. Since their job involves intense training on a
regular basis, they need to consume meat such as beef or pork which provides them
with enough calories.

In conclusion, while I agree that becoming vegetarian can help people have a
healthy diet, I do not think it is an option that everybody should take.

Some people think that the best way to ensure road safety is to increase the
minimum legal age for driving cars or riding motorbikes. To what extent do you
agree or disagree? Solution- good/ measures
Some individuals argue that raising the minimum legal age for driving cars or riding
motorbikes is the most effective method of increasing road safety. While I accept
that this policy is good in some ways, I believe there are better measures to reduce
traffic accidents.

To begin with, I believe it is a good idea to increase the minimum age required for
driving. Firstly, when people are young, they are usually less mature and less
responsible with their manners, so they might not be aware of the importance of
following the rules. Therefore, it is reasonable to ban them from travelling on the
street to prevent them from breaking the law and causing accidents. Secondly, as
older people are more experienced, they can know how to react quickly to handle
dangerous situations on the road, while younger ones might not be able to. To
illustrate, if the brakes of a car suddenly stop working, a young driver might panic,
and accidents are more likely to occur.

However, I would argue that there are better methods of ensuring road safety. The
first one is to have stricter punishments for driving offenders. For example, people
who break traffic rules should be required to pay huge fines or be banned
permanently from commuting on the street. This makes commuters more likely to
respect the law, and traffic accidents can be reduced. Another solution is to
encourage people to use public transport rather than private vehicles. This can be
done by reducing the price and increasing the frequency of buses and tubes to
make it more convenient for users.

In conclusion, I believe apart from increasing the legal age for driving, there are
more effective ways to make sure that travelling on the street is safe for everyone.

Some people think that strict punishments for driving offences are the key to
reducing traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures would be
more effective in improving road safety. Discuss both these views and give your
own opinion.

People have differing views with regard to the question of how to make our roads
safer. In my view, both punishments and a range of other measures can be used
together to promote better driving habits.
On the one hand, strict punishments can certainly help to encourage people to drive
more safely. Penalties for dangerous drivers can act as a deterrent, meaning that
people avoid repeating the same offence. There are various types of driving penalty,
such as small fines, licence suspension, driver awareness courses, and even prison
sentences. The aim of these punishments is to show dangerous drivers that their
actions have negative consequences. As a result, we would hope that drivers
become more disciplined and alert, and that they follow the rules more carefully.

On the other hand, I believe that safe driving can be promoted in several different
ways that do not punish drivers. Firstly, it is vitally important to educate people
properly before they start to drive, and this could be done in schools or even as part
of an extended or more difficult driving test. Secondly, more attention could be paid
to safe road design. For example, signs can be used to warn people, speed bumps
and road bends can be added to calm traffic, and speed cameras can help to deter
people from driving too quickly. Finally, governments or local councils could reduce
road accidents by investing in better public transport, which would mean that fewer
people would need to travel by car. In conclusion, while punishments can help to
prevent bad driving, I believe that other road safety measures should also be
introduced.

In the future, it seems more difficult to live on the Earth. Some people think more
money should be spent on researching other planets to live, such as Mars. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Advances in technology make the prospect to find the second Earth potentially
viable. While I agree that terrestrial life has become increasingly difficult, I do not
believe that we should invest money in finding a new planet to live on.

On the one hand, there is no doubt that life is not as easy as it was in the past. The
main problem is the growing level of environmental pollution that adversely affects
humankind in all parts of the world. The rising consumption of natural resources
such as gas, oil and coal has resulted in an enormous amount of carbon emissions
being released into the atmosphere, which impairs the air quality and accelerates
climate change. The consequences of this are grave. People in many big cities are
suffering respiratory diseases; more lands are being shrunk due to the rise of sea
levels; and there are frequent heat waves in tropical countries. Apparently, human
life is now put in danger.

On the other hand, I would contend that spending money finding another home for
all creatures on the Earth is not an effective measure. There is little hope of seeking
a planet that has favorable conditions for life while the expenditure can be
extremely huge. In contrast, a much better solution would be that we should invest
in environmental projects and encourage people to lead a more environmentally
friendly lifestyle. For example, green energy should be harnessed and made more
available to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, and individuals ought to opt for
public transport rather than driving their vehicles. Such actions can cut exhaust
emissions and slow down the effects of global warming, making the earth a more
desirable place for us all.

In conclusion, although global warming is a global malady, it seems ludicrous to

suggest that people should find another planet to settle down.

M. MIXED ESSAYS:

Reasons + solutions?/ negative effects + solutions????

It is observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing to study
science subject. What are causes? And what will be effects on society?

In several parts of the world, there is currently a lack of students choosing to study
science in universities and colleges. This problem happens due to some reasons, and
it can have some adverse impacts on society.

There are several reasons why fewer university students are choosing science as
their major. Firstly, these subjects are usually more difficult and demanding, which
requires students to put much effort into their study. For example, my friend who is
doing a course in Biology said that he had to conduct too many experiments and
complete numerous projects, which prevented him from having any free time. As a
result, science subjects seem to be less attractive to students compared to
economics or businessrelated subjects. Secondly, as there are currently fewer
employment opportunities available for graduates in science fields, learners are less
likely to decide to select these majors. Instead, they tend to choose other subjects
which allow them to find jobs more easily.

A shortage of learners in science fields can result in some negative effects. The first
impact is that when fewer students decide to learn about science, there would be a
serious shortage of employees working in these fields. This would lead to fewer
technological developments, which would also prevent improvements in people's
life quality. For instance, it would be difficult for humans to produce newer smart
phones with better functions. Additionally, while a significantly increasing number
of students are choosing economics and business to study, the number of job
vacancies in these areas is limited. Therefore, many university graduates would
have to face unemployment, which increases burden on society.

In conclusion, the shortage of students choosing science subjects is caused by

several factors, and this problem might bring about serious impacts.

Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life. What
are the reasons? What are the effects on society and family life?

Many people currently decide not to have babies when they are young and wait
until they get older instead. There are some reasons for this tendency, and it could
have some impacts on family life as well as society.

To begin with, there are several reasons why a number of individuals want to have
children later in their life. Firstly, this choice allows them to have more time to enjoy
life when they are young. For instance, it is easier for a young couple to travel when
they do not have a baby to nurture. Secondly, people who are at the early stage of
their career usually have lower income compared to when they are older.
Therefore, many people decide to start raising a family after having accumulated
enough money to ensure a better life for their children.

However, this tendency might bring about some negative effects on both family life
and society. The first impact is that having children later will cause a significant age
gap between two generations. This makes it harder for parents to understand and
communicate with their offspring. Additionally, if people give birth when they are
too old, the babies being born might be less physically healthy. This might adversely
affect the quality of the future workforce if too many people decide to follow this
trend.

In conclusion, there are some reasons why many people prefer to have children
later in their life, and this tendency can result in some negative impacts on both
family life and society. (253 words)

More and more young people from wealthy countries are spending a short time in
communities in poorer countries doing unpaid work such as teaching or building
houses. Why? Who benefit from this, the community or these young people?

It is true that a growing number of young people from affluent countries are doing
temporary jobs without payment in less wealthy countries. Reasons for this vary,
and I believe that both these young individuals and the community reap the
benefits.

There are several reasons why the youth in rich nations tend to do unpaid work in
less affluent countries. Chief among them is the growth of the aviation industry. The
emergence of low-cost airlines allows young individuals who are on a tight budget
to travel to remote corners of the world. For example, having a voluntary foreign
English teacher in Sapa, a mountainous area in Vietnam, used to be far-fetched
several decades ago, but cheap carriers such as Tiger Airlines and Jetstar Airlines
have made it happen. Another reason is the spread of information. The
development of technology has brought images and the living condition of poor
communities to the richer world, which creates an urge for the young to take action.
Many graduates decide to take a year out to help the inhabitants of poverty-
stricken countries partly because of the television programs and the news they
watch and read. Doing unpaid jobs pays dividends for both young volunteers and
the community.

On the one hand, young people can experience the life of indigenous people, gain
hands-on experience and enjoy the breathtaking view of the places where they
work. They may then come back to their normal life and decide on the career path
that they want to pursue. On the other hand, people in poor countries might benefit
from the work of young citizens from rich nations. Knowledge received can have
lasting effects on the locals’ future, while housing built will provide a better living
condition than before.

In conclusion, various factors contribute to the influx of young volunteers to poor

communities. Personally, I believe that this is beneficial to both these young people
and the community as a whole.

In recent years, the structure of a family and the role of its members are gradually
changing. What kinds of changes can occur? Do you think these changes are
positive and negative?

Recently, there has been a gradual transformation in the household structure and
the way each member makes contribution to the family. In this essay, I would like to
discuss several possible changes and demonstrate that those changes are totally
beneficial.

To begin with, the way a family is organised is far different from that in the past.
Firstly, men and women are now sharing the role of breadwinners. A few decades
ago, fathers were those who earned money to raise the family, while nurturing
progenies was the responsibility shouldered by mothers. Today, as a logical effect of
gender equality, professional opportunities are available for people of both sexes,
leading to the fact that both men and women should exert effort to make ends
meet. Secondly, people now have an inclination to form nuclear families. The
escalating competitiveness of the job market accompanying with the higher
demands of living standards drives people to work overtime and have fewer
children.

From my perspective, the aforementioned changes are totally advantageous. The

first benefit is that the financial pressure that parents of medium-sized families have
to burden is far less significant than that of large families. This allows them to save
money for long-term purposes, such as affording a house or sending their children
overseas for tertiary education. Another significant advantage is that the children of
such busy parents can learn how to live independently and acquire a diverse
mixture of qualities at a young age. For example, many youths today have to
prepare meals and arrange the study schedules themselves, which helps to sharpen
up their self-reliance.
In conclusion, I would like to reaffirm my position that the household structure and
the role of each family member are altering in a positive way.

Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life. What
are the reasons? Do advantages of this outweigh disadvantages?

In contemporary society, adults are inclined to delay having children until they
reach their middle age. In this essay, I would like to demonstrate several reasons for
this tendency and discuss that its drawbacks outweigh its benefits.

To begin with, there are some explanations for people’s avoidance of becoming
parents too soon in their life. A prominent justification is that they want to be
better-prepared for the family life financially. Individuals at their early stage of
career may find it daunting difficult to afford a youth’s basic demands, so it is
reasonable for them to wait until they have accumulated a sufficient amount of
money to guarantee a fulfilled material life for their children. Another reason would
be that the adults may want to enjoy their life before having a new family member.
In illustration, it is easier for married couples to travel without a child to nurture. It
is true that this proclivity of procrastination is advantageous to some extent. To be
more specific, families living on a stable income is capable of providing their
offspring with high quality education and nutritious diets.

However, I hold the view that the disadvantages of this trend are more convincing.
It has been scientifically proven that older parents are more likely to give birth to
less healthy progenies. Those children may suffer from a number of serious
diseases, ranging from rickets to autism. In the long run, this may have an adverse
effect on the overall competence of the future workforce.

In conclusion, it is understandable why people want to have children in their middle

age, but they have to stay alert to the aforementioned significant threats.

It is observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing to study
science subject. What are causes? And what will be effects on society?

In several parts of the world, there is currently a lack of students choosing to study
science in universities and colleges. This problem happens due to some reasons, and
it can have some adverse impacts on society.
There are several reasons why fewer university students are choosing science as
their major. Firstly, these subjects are usually more difficult and demanding, which
requires students to put much effort into their study. For example, my friend who is
doing a course in Biology said that he had to conduct too many experiments and
complete numerous projects, which prevented him from having any free time. As a
result, science subjects seem to be less attractive to students compared to
economics or business-related subjects. Secondly, as there are currently fewer
employment opportunities available for graduates in science fields, learners are less
likely to decide to select these majors. Instead, they tend to choose other subjects
which allow them to find jobs more easily.

A shortage of learners in science fields can result in some negative effects. The first
impact is that when fewer students decide to learn about science, there would be a
serious shortage of employees working in these fields. This would lead to fewer
technological developments, which would also prevent improvements in people's
life quality. For instance, it would be difficult for humans to produce newer smart
phones with better functions. Additionally, while a significantly increasing number
of students are choosing economics and business to study, the number of job
vacancies in these areas is limited. Therefore, many university graduates would
have to face unemployment, which increases burden on society.

In conclusion, the shortage of students choosing science subjects is caused by

several factors, and this problem might bring about serious impacts.

These days more fathers stay at home and take care of their children while
mothers go out to work. What could be the reasons for this? Do you think it is a
positive or a negative development?

It is true that men are increasingly likely to take on the role of househusband, while
more women than ever are the breadwinners in their families. There could be
several reasons for this, and I consider it to be a very positive trend.

In recent years, parents have had to adapt to various changes in our societies. Equal
rights movements have made great progress, and it has become normal for women
to gain qualifications and pursue a career. It has also become socially acceptable for
men to stay at home and look after their children. At the same time, the rising cost
of living has meant that both marriage partners usually need to work and save
money before starting a family. Therefore, when couples have children, they may
decide who works and who stays at home depending on the personal preference of
each partner, or based on which partner earns the most money.

In my view, the changes described above should be seen as progress. We should be

happy to live in a society in which men and women have equal opportunities, and in
which women are not put under pressure to sacrifice their careers. Equally, it seems
only fair that men should be free to leave their jobs in order to assume childcare
responsibilities if this is what they wish to do. Couples should be left to make their
own decisions about which parental role each partner takes, according to their
particular circumstances and needs.

In conclusion, the changing roles of men and women in the family are a result of
wider changes in society, and I believe that these developments are desirable