1

1 Fluorine forms both ionic and covalent compounds.

Magnesium reacts with fluorine to form the ionic compound magnesium fluoride.

The electronic structures of an atom of magnesium and an atom of fluorine are shown.

Mg F

(a) Complete the dot-and-cross diagrams to show the electronic structures of one magnesium ion
and one fluoride ion. Show the charges on the ions.

......... .........

Mg F

[3]

(b) What is the formula of magnesium fluoride?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]
 2

2 Magnesium reacts with chlorine to form magnesium chloride.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in magnesium
chloride. Give the charges on the ions.

The inner shells have been completed.

......... .........

Mg Cl

[3]

[Total: 3]

3 Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
sodium oxide.

....... .......

Na O

.......

Na

[3]

[Total: 3]
 3

4 Potassium is a Group I element.

Potassium combines with sulfur to form an ionic compound, potassium sulfide, K2S.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
potassium sulfide.

....... .......

K S

.......

[3]

[Total: 3]

5 Aluminium oxide is an ionic compound with a high melting point.

(a) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in one of the oxide
ions present in aluminium oxide. Include the charge on the oxide ion.
One of the aluminium ions is shown.

3+ ........

Al O

[2]
 4

(b) The melting point of aluminium oxide is above 2000 °C.

Explain why aluminium oxide has a high melting point.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

6 A student adds excess large pieces of magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, to dilute hydrochloric acid,
HCl, and measures the volume of carbon dioxide gas, CO2, given off.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in magnesium
chloride.

The inner shells have been drawn.

Give the charges on the ions.

....... .......

Mg Cl

.......

Cl

[3]

[Total: 3]
 5

7 Magnesium is a Group II element.

Magnesium reacts with chlorine to form magnesium chloride, MgCl2. Magnesium chloride is an
ionic compound.

Complete the diagrams to show the electronic structures of the ions in magnesium chloride.
Show the charges on the ions.

...... ...... ......

Cl Mg Cl

[3]

[Total: 3]

8 Lithium chloride, LiCl, is an ionic compound.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
lithium chloride.

..... .....

Li Cl

[3]

[Total: 3]
 6

9 Magnesium oxide, MgO, is formed when magnesium burns in oxygen.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in magnesium
oxide.
The inner shells have been drawn.
Give the charges on the ions.

......... .........

Mg O

[3]

[Total: 3]

10 The electronic structures of atoms P and Q are shown.

P and Q react to form an ionic compound.

What is the formula of this compound?

A PQ2 B P2Q C P2Q6 D P6Q2

[1]

[Total: 1]
 7

11 Which one of the statements about the formation of a sodium ion from a sodium atom is correct?

Tick one box.

A sodium atom gains an electron.

A sodium atom loses an electron.

A sodium atom loses a proton.

A sodium atom gains a proton.

[1]

[Total: 1]

12 Which statement describes positive ions?

A Positive ions have more electrons than neutrons.

B Positive ions have more protons than neutrons.
C Positive ions have more electrons than protons.
D Positive ions have more protons than electrons.
[1]

[Total: 1]

13 Explain why a fluoride ion has a single negative charge.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

14 State the name of the particle which is lost from a lithium atom when it forms a lithium ion.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

15 Element Z is in Period 3 and Group V.

(a) Identify element Z.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 8

(b) Explain in terms of electron transfer why Z behaves chemically as a non-metal.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

16 Complete the sentence about the formation of a chloride ion from a chlorine atom.

A chloride ion is formed when a chlorine atom gains [1]

one .................................................. .

[Total: 1]

17 Potassium bromide exists as an ionic lattice.

What is meant by the term ionic lattice?

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

18 Lithium fluoride has ionic bonding.

What is an ionic bond?

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

19 Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangements in the two ions present in
lithium chloride, LiCl.

Show outer shell electrons only. Include the charges on the ions.

[3]

[Total: 3]