SBM5101/SBS5322 BIM Technology

http://ibse.hk/SBM5101/ | http://ibse.hk/SBS5322/

BIM uses and processes:

BIM workflow & strategy
Ir. Dr. Sam C. M. Hui
Faculty of Science and Technology
E-mail: cmhui@vtc.edu.hk

May 2019
Contents

• Team working
• BIM work flow
• Office organization
• BIM maturity levels
• Level of development (LOD)
Current team working in the building industry
BIM can streamline fragmented work processes in construction – “silos”

BIM simulates new project management style & culture

for all disciplines to collaborate on building projects.
 Conceptual design
 Detailed design
(Source: Autodesk https://www.autodesk.com/)
 RIBA Outline Plan of Work 2013*
Stage 0. Strategic definition
Stage 1. Preparation and brief * The 2013 version reflects
Stage 2. Concept design increasing requirements for
Stage 3. Developed design sustainability and Building
Stage 4. Technical design Information Modelling
(BIM).
Stage 5. Construction
Stage 6. Handover and close out
Stage 7. In use (Source: https://www.architecture.com/knowledge-and-resources/resources-landing-page/riba-plan-of-work)
Using BIM across various disciplines in building, construction and
infrastructure
 BIM - The Sky is the Limit

Video: BIM - The Sky is the Limit (6:12) https://youtu.be/cTX9mQbOjuY

 Complex information flow in building and construction

(Source: https://www.slideshare.net/p6academy/200460-delivering-operational-efficiency-in-the-new-dawn-of-complex-bim-data-through-the-use-of-oracles-auto-vue)
(Source: https://www.slideshare.net/p6academy/200460-delivering-operational-efficiency-in-the-new-dawn-of-complex-bim-data-through-the-use-of-oracles-auto-vue)
 The question is
NOT about the
technology!

Success BIM =
Organisation (People)
+
Process
+
Technology

(Source: Prof Arto Kiviniemi, University of Liverpool)

 If you want the winning team, do you select the cheapest players
or do you select players with the right skills for every position?

(Source: Prof Arto Kiviniemi, University of Liverpool)

BIM work flow

• BIM is a paradigm shift

• From 2D linear thinking/geometrical method to 3D visual
modelling
• From drawing to digital information
• From static to dynamic
• From isolated parts to contextual relationships
• Change in culture and work flow
• Work is divided up by major building elements in lieu of
by drawing sheets
• Decisions are made earlier as to materials, specifications
and quantities
 BIM process can shift efforts to reduce problems

(Source: Patrick MacLeamy – HOK)

 Workflow of BIM and 2D CAD

(Source: Why BIM is Still Bankrupting Your Firm http://www.shoegnome.com/2015/12/09/bim-still-bankrupting-firm/)

 Actual workflow of BIM with and without templates

To effectively work in BIM, the secret to

success is a strong template

(Source: Why BIM is Still Bankrupting Your Firm http://www.shoegnome.com/2015/12/09/bim-still-bankrupting-firm/)

BIM work flow

• Behaviour change towards collaboration

• Co-ordination
• Avoid gaps and overlap in team members work
• Co-operation
• Obtain mutual benefit by sharing work
• Collaboration
• Achieve results which could not be accomplished alone
• Integrated multi-disciplinary collaborative
solutions for the construction industry
BIM work flow

• Key points
• Get senior management involved to ensure
leadership support
• Dedicate someone to the effort – BIM Champion
• Prepare a BIM plan – keep it simple and specific
• Learning curve
• There is an initial cost and loss of productivity
while obtaining the necessary resources as firms
go through the initial learning curve (6-18 months)
BIM work flow

• The Periodic Table of BIM

• https://www.thenbs.com/periodic-table-of-bim
• Guide to ensure a successful BIM implementation
(Source: The Periodic Table of BIM https://www.thenbs.com/periodic-table-of-bim)
BIM work flow

• Step-by-step guide to using BIM on projects

• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Step-
by-step_guide_to_using_BIM_on_projects
• To identify the decisions that will need to be made
throughout the life of a built asset and the information
deliverables required at each stage of the project to
support those decisions
• Information deliverables include model files,
documents and structured data files containing
information about the facility, floors, spaces, systems
and components (digital replica of the built asset)
 Step-by-step guide to using BIM on projects:
following the RIBA plan of work stages

Stage 0: Strategic definition Stage 2: Concept design

• 0a: Business justification
• 0b: Strategic brief Stage 3: Developed design

Stage 1: Preparation and brief Stage 4: Technical design

• 1a: Appraisals
• 1b: Brief and information Stage 5: Construction
requirements
• 1c: Supplier appointments Stage 6: Handover and close out

Stage 7: In use
* The end of each stage is marked by an employer’s decision point at which the
employer needs specific information to help them decide whether the project has
developed satisfactorily and whether it should continue to the next stage.

(Source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Step-by-step_guide_to_using_BIM_on_projects)
 Step-by-step instructions showing how to plan
a project in compliance with BIM

• Structure the project and the data

• Create the building model
• Assign parameters and attributes; attach additional information
• Export the BIM model and give it to all those involved
• Check the model data and the components
• Revise and adjust the model; external planning partners add their
data
• Import the external data into the project
• Compare the models and their components
• Add the changes to the original model
• Export the updated BIM model again and give it to all those
involved
• ……

(Source: Allplan BIM Compendium http://iprostor.si/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Allplan-BIM-Kompendij.pdf)

 BIM process overview

Concept Design Construction As-built

model model model model
(Source: https://www.bimmepaus.com.au)
 Collaboration in the Office

•Sharing and coordinating the work between the project

team members is one of the most important tasks of the
project leader and the CAD manager.
•
•Project sharing method should be adequate for the
project team size and the office organization.

•Advanced BIM programs provide effective solutions for

this problem.

(Source: Graphisoft BIM Curriculum http://www.graphisoft.com/learning/bim-curriculum/)

 Office Organization: Small Office
Organization:
• Two independent project
teams
Principal(s)
• Two projects run at the
same time
• One project team
contains 4-5 people
• Small to medium scale Project Leader 1
Project Leader 2 Office Administration
projects (Part Time CAD Manager)

• No full time CAD manager

Problems: Project Architect 1

Project Architect 2
Project Architect 1
Project Architect 2
• No dedicated person to Draftsman 1
Draftsman 2
Draftsman 1
Draftsman 2
establish and maintain
office CAD and IT standards
• Lack of professional design
and visualization teams

(Source: Graphisoft BIM Curriculum http://www.graphisoft.com/learning/bim-curriculum/)

 Office Organization: Large Office

Principal(s)

Organization:
• 4 project Teams
• Three projects run Project Project Project Design Visualizatio IT CAD Office
parallel (one big Director Leader Leader Team n Team Manager Manager Administration

project)
• Two project teams
are working on a big Project
Leader
Architects
Draftsmen
Architects
Draftsmen
project under the
supervision of a
project director Architects
• One project team Draftsmen
Problems:
contains 5-10 people •Very strict CAD and IT standards are
• Full time CAD and IT required
managers Project
Leader •Project sharing in big design teams is
• Independent design difficult
and Visualization •Continuous communication between the
Team supports the Architects design team and the project teams is
project architects Draftsmen
necessary

(Source: Graphisoft BIM Curriculum http://www.graphisoft.com/learning/bim-curriculum/)

 Centralized BIM support team

(Source: Singapore VDC Guide https://www.corenet.gov.sg/media/2094675/singapore-vdc-guide_version1_oct2017.pdf)

 An example of organization structure of a BIM company/department

(Source: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29ME.1943-5479.0000390)
 The BIM Manager

(Source: The BIM Manager 2.0 https://thebimhub.com/2015/08/18/bim-manager-20/)

 Typical tasks of a BIM Manager

• Receive and manage multiple subcontractor models

• Coordinate all BIM Logistics (contracts, emails, file sharing, etc.)
• Create, maintain and analyze federated model mainly for
coordination purposes
• Review and document design and coordination conflicts
• Run and analyze clash detection on federated model
• Prepare and distribute clash reports to facilitate the coordination
process
• Schedule and facilitate coordination meetings along with project
manager and/or superintendent
• Write meeting minutes
• Site inspection and liaising with trade contractors
• Meet with designers/owners as required to facilitate review of
models as needed
• Compile contract BIM close out documentation
 BIM role classification

4 key areas of BIM management:

• Model & drawing management
• Information management
• Design & construction management
• Stakeholder management

(Source: BIM Role Classification http://www.esparlous-design.com/Pages.aspx?Id=26)

 Office organization

• Effective BIM management

• It’s everyone’s responsibility
• 6 types of BIM Manager:
• Project BIM Managers
• BIM Coordinators
• Information Manager
• Technical BIM Manager
• Construction BIM Manager
• Internal BIM Managers (within an organization)
(Source: Defining the role of the BIM Manager https://www.slideshare.net/BIMUserDay/5th-qatar-bim-user-day-defining-the-role-of-the-bim-manager)
 BIM management structure

(Source: Defining the role of the BIM Manager https://www.slideshare.net/BIMUserDay/5th-qatar-bim-user-day-defining-the-role-of-the-bim-manager)

BIM maturity levels
 BIM maturity levels

• The range of BIM maturity levels:

• Level 0: Unmanaged CAD (Computer Aided
Design)
• Level 1: Managed CAD in 2D or 3D
• Level 2: Managed 3D environment with data
attached, but created in separate discipline models
• Level 3: Single, online, project model with
construction sequencing, cost and life-cycle
management information
(Source: Building information modelling BIM https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Building_information_modelling_BIM)
 BIM maturity levels

• BIM Levels explained

• Level 0:
• No collaboration; 2D CAD drafting only
• Output and distribution is via paper or electronic prints,
or a mixture of both
• Level 1:
• A mixture of 3D CAD for concept work, and 2D for
drafting of statutory approval documentation and
production information
• Models are not shared between project team members
(Source: BIM Levels explained https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/bim-levels-explained)
 BIM maturity levels

• BIM Levels explained (cont’d)

• Level 2:
• Collaborative working – all parties use their own 3D
CAD models, but not necessarily working on a single,
shared model
• Design information is shared and exchanged through a
common file format
• Level 3:
• Full collaboration between all disciplines by means of
using a single, shared project model which is held in a
centralized repository (also known as “Open BIM”)
(Source: BIM Levels explained https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/bim-levels-explained)
BIM maturity levels

• Video: Wienerberger - What is BIM? (5:23)

• https://youtu.be/ZYvQk78WlTc
• An brief introduction to BIM and Geo-BIM,
through a short animation. The video highlights
what BIM Level 2 and Level 3 entail and how
these are directly influencing construction in the
UK.
BIM maturity levels
BIM maturity levels and development path in UK
BIM maturity levels

• Maturity of organisations regarding BIM:

• Company level: object-based modelling
• Project level: information exchange processes
based on models (for collaboration)
• Sectorial level: a global view, linked to public
(procurement) policies, e.g. mandatory BIM
• Integrated Project Delivery (IPD): the long-
term goal of BIM implementation
 Integrated Project Delivery
“Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a project delivery approach that integrates
people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that
collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to reduce waste
and optimize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication and construction.”

Traditional IPD
Segmented Teams Integrated, collaborative

Linear, distinct, segregated Process Concurrent, multi-level, integrated

Individually managed Risk Collectively managed

Individual success, minimum effort Reward Value-based, team success

for maximum return
Paper based, 2D, analog Technology Digitally based, BIM, 4D

Minimize or transfer risk, don’t Agreements Open sharing, collaboration, full integration
share
Individually focused Education Team-based , integrated, collaborative

(Source: Graphisoft BIM Curriculum http://www.graphisoft.com/learning/bim-curriculum/)

BIM maturity levels

• Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) 集成項目交付

• Involve all team members in design meetings
• Identify key objectives up front
• Open collaboration at all stages of a project
• BIM is utilized
• Minimize paper based processes and collaborate digitally
• Check for & manage interferences with 3D clash detection
• Set up contract mechanisms that enable and reward
achievement of key objectives
• Create a culture of trust and information sharing (win-win-
win)
Level of development (LOD)
 Level of development (LOD)

• LOD is commonly used to represent the level

of precision of model content
• This is the degree to which an element’s geometry
and its attached information have been thought
through – the degree to which project team
members may rely on the information when using
the model
• The expected LOD by element/category/building
system at each stage of the project has to be
determined and documented
(Source: Denis, F., 2015. Building Information Modelling – Belgian Guide for the Construction Industry, ADEB-VBA, Brussel.)
 Level of development (LOD)

• Level of Development (LOD) specifications:

• LOD 100: Conceptual design
• LOD 200: Design Development
• LOD 300: General Construction documents
• LOD 350: The compromise
• LOD 400: Fabrication information
• LOD 500: As-built model

(Source: LOD | BIMForum http://bimforum.org/lod/)

 Level of development (LOD)

• LOD 100 elements:

• Are not geometric presentations (may be symbols
or other generic representations)
• Any information derived from them must be
considered approximate
• LOD 200 elements:
• Are represented graphically but are generic
placeholders, e.g., volume, quantity, location, or
orientation (they must be considered approximate)
(Source: LOD | BIMForum http://bimforum.org/lod/)
 Level of development (LOD)

• LOD 300 elements:

• Are graphically represented as specific systems,
objects, or assemblies from which quantity, shape,
size, location, and orientation can be measured
directly, without having to refer to non-modeled
information such as notes or dimension call-outs
• LOD 350 elements:
• Are enhanced beyond LOD 300 by the addition of
information regarding interfaces with other
building systems
(Source: LOD | BIMForum http://bimforum.org/lod/)
 Level of development (LOD)

• LOD 400 elements:

• Are modeled at sufficient detail and accuracy for
fabrication of the represented component

• LOD 500 element:*

• It is a field verified representation in terms of size,
shape, location, quantity, and orientation
• Non-graphic information may also be attached
• * The Specification does not define or illustrate it
(Source: LOD | BIMForum http://bimforum.org/lod/)
 A piping project at various LOD levels

(Source: LOD – Development or Detail & Why it Matters http://lanmarservices.com/2014/05/14/lod-in-scan-to-bim/)

 Level of Development (LOD): examples

(*BIM Level of Development(LOD) 100, 200, 300, 400 & 500 http://www.srinsofttech.com/bim-level-of-development-lod-300-400-500.html)
 Level of development (LOD)

• Level of Development vs. Level of Detail

• Level of Detail (LoD) is essentially how much
detail is included in the model element
• Level of Development (LOD) is the degree to
which the element’s geometry and attached
information has been thought through
• Level of Detail can be thought of as input to the
element, while Level of Development is reliable output
• Levels of (model) information (LOI), which
relates to the non-graphical content of models
(Source: LOD | BIMForum http://bimforum.org/lod/)
 Level of Development (LOD) vs. Level of Detail (LoD)

(*BIM Level of Development(LOD) 100, 200, 300, 400 & 500 http://www.srinsofttech.com/bim-level-of-development-lod-300-400-500.html)
Level of Development (LOD) and building development process
Level of development (LOD)

• LOD in the design and construction process:

• 1. Element-oriented modelling
• As-Built (LOD 500)
• Fabrication and assembly (LOD 400)
• 2. System/Component oriented modelling
• Detailed design (LOD 300)
• Basic design (LOD 200)
• 3. Conceptual information model
• Conceptual design (LOD 100)
• Client requirements (Pre-modelling)
(*BIM Level of Development(LOD) 100, 200, 300, 400 & 500 http://www.srinsofttech.com/bim-level-of-development-lod-300-400-500.html)
Further reading

• Step-by-step guide to using BIM on projects

• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Step-by-
step_guide_to_using_BIM_on_projects
• The Periodic Table of BIM
• https://www.thenbs.com/periodic-table-of-bim
• Level of Development - LOD - as a Lifecycle BIM tool
• http://blog.areo.io/level-of-development/
• Project Phases & Level of Development
• https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/project-phases-
level-development