Topic vocabulary: Thinking

Assess (B2): đánh giá -> Exams are not the only means of assessing a student's ability.

Assume (B2): giả định -> We can't assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they've
decided to remain silent.

Biased (C1): thiên kiến -> The newspapers gave a very biased report of the meeting.

Concentrate (C1): tập trung, tập hợp -> In the dry season, the animals tend to
concentrate in the areas where there is water.

Consider (C1- to give attention to a particular subject or fact when judging something
else) -> You've got to consider the time element when planning the whole project.

Consider (C2 - to care about or respect other people or their feelings and wishes) ->
She never considers anyone but herself - she's totally selfish!

Contemplate (C2): suy ngẫm -> I'm contemplating going abroad for a year.

Ponder (C2): suy ngẫm -> He sat back for a minute to ponder her next move in the game.

Cynical (C2-nghi nhưng không tin): hoài nghi -> I've always been deeply cynical about
politicians.

Skeptical (C2 - chỉ về một người hoài nghi): hoài nghi -> Many experts remain skeptical
about/of his claims.

Deduce (C2): suy luận -> We cannot deduce very much from these figures.

Deliberate (B2): cố ý -> We made a deliberate decision to move to another city.

Discriminate (C1): phân biệt -> She felt she had been discriminated against because of
her age.

Dubious (C2): mơ hồ -> I'm dubious about his promises to change his ways.

Estimate (B2): ước lượng -> They estimate (that) the journey will take at least two weeks.
Faith (B2): sự tin tưởng -> He has no faith in modern medicine.

Genius (C1): thiên tài -> From the age of three, she showed signs of genius.

Grasp (C1): nắm bắt -> I think I managed to grasp the main points of the lecture.

Presume (C1): phỏng đoán -> In British law, you are presumed innocent until you are
proved guilty.

Ideology (C1): hệ tư tưởng -> The people are caught between two opposing ideologies.

Ingenious (C1): khéo léo -> Johnny is so ingenious - he can make the most remarkable
sculptures from the most ordinary materials.

Inspiration (C2 - a sudden good idea): sự cảm hứng -> He had an inspiration - why not
apply for some government money?

Intuition (C2): trực giác -> Often there's no clear evidence one way or the other and you
just have to base your judgment on intuition.

Justify (B2): biện minh -> I can't really justify taking another day off work.

Naïve (C1): ngây thơ (thiếu kinh nghiệm sống) -> She was very naive to believe that
he'd stay with her.

Notion (C1): khái niệm -> I have only a vague notion of what she does for a living.

Optimistic (B2): lạc quan -> He is optimistic about her chances of winning a gold medal.

Pessimistic (B2): bi quan -> The doctors are pessimistic (= not hopeful) about his chances
of recovery.

Paradox (C2): nghịch lí -> It's a curious paradox that drinking a lot of water can often
make you feel thirsty.

Plausible (C2): có vẻ hợp lý -> a plausible explanation/excuse.

Prejudiced (C1): thành kiến -> The campaign is designed to make people less prejudiced
about AIDS.

Reckon (B2 - to think or believe) -> How much do you reckon (that) it's going to cost?

Reflect (B2): phản chiếu -> The statistics reflect a change in people's spending habits.

Speculate (C2): suy đoán -> Journalists are speculating about whether interest rates will
be cut.

Suppose (C1 khi dùng đầu câu): giả định rằng -> Suppose we miss the train - what will
we do then?

Topic vocabulary: Learning

Academic (C2 - used to describe someone who is clever and enjoys studying) -> I was
never a particularly academic child.

Conscientious (C1): tận tâm -> A conscientious student.

Cram: học nhồi nhét -> She’s cramming for her history exam.

Curriculum: chương trình học -> the school curriculum

Distance learning: học từ xa -> They offer advanced degrees or professional certification
through distance learning.

Graduate (B2): tốt nghiệp -> Jerry is a physics graduate.

Ignorant (C2): dốt, vô học -> Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant about current
politics.

Inattentive: không chú ý -> He was wholly inattentive to the needs of his children.

Intellectual (C2): người trí thức -> She was too much of an intellectual to find popular
movies interesting.

Intensive (C1): cường độ cao -> Two weeks of an intensive course in English.
Knowledgeable (C1): biết nhiều, hiểu biết -> He's very knowledgeable about psychology.

Mock exam: bài thi thử -> I will have a mock exam next Wednesday.

Plagiarise: ăn cắp ý tưởng -> The book contains numerous plagiarized passages.

Seminar (B2): hội thảo -> I attended practically every lecture and seminar when I was a
student.

Special needs: nhu cầu đặc biệt -> carers for children with special needs

Tuition (C1): học phí -> Few can afford the tuition of $12000 a semester.

Topic vocabulary: Change

Adapt (B2): thích nghi -> The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to
new environments.

Adjust (B2): điều chỉnh -> As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs
of slower children.

Alternate (C1): xen kẽ, xen lẫn -> She alternated between cheerfulness and deep despair.

Alternative (B2): thay thế, luân phiên -> An alternative venue for the concert is being
sought.

Amend (C2 - to change the words of a text, especially a law or a legal document): sửa
đổi -> Until the constitution is amended, the power to appoint ministers will remain with
the president.

Conservative (C1): bảo thủ -> Older people tend to be more conservative and a bit
suspicious of anything new.

Convert (C2 - to change to a new religion, belief, opinion, etc., or to make someone do
this) -> I used to hate exercise, but my sister has converted me (to it).
Decay (B2): điêu tàn, sa sút -> Pollution has decayed the surface of the stonework on the
front of the cathedral.

Decay (C2): phân rã -> environmental/industrial/moral/urban decay

Deteriorate (C1): xấu đi, giảm giá trị -> She was taken into hospital last week when her
condition suddenly deteriorated.

Dynamic (C2): năng động (thay đổi) -> Business innovation is a dynamic process.

Endure (B2): chịu đựng -> She's already had to endure three painful operations on her
leg.

Evolve (C1): tiến hóa -> The company has evolved over the years into a multi-million-
dollar organization.

Influence (B2): ảnh hưởng -> At the time he was under the influence of alcoholic drinks.

Innovation (C1): sự đổi mới -> the latest innovations in computer technology

Innovative (C1): tính sáng tạo -> innovative ideas/methods

Maintain (C2 - to express firmly your belief that something is true): bày tỏ chính kiến
-> Throughout his prison sentence, Dunn has always maintained his innocence.

Mature (B2): trưởng thành -> She’s very mature of her age.

Modify (C1): sửa đổi, biến đổi -> Instead of simply punishing them, the system
encourages offenders to modify their behaviour.

Persist (C2 - If an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it continues to exist) -> If

the pain persists, consult a doctor.

Persist (C2 - to try to do or continue doing something in a determined but often

unreasonable way) -> If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the
boss.
Potential (B2): tiềm năng -> Many potential customers are waiting for a fall in prices
before buying.

Progress (C2 - to continue gradually) -> We started off talking about the weather and
gradually the conversation progressed to politics.

Radical (C2): cấp tiến -> He was known as a radical reformer/thinker/politician.

Refine (C2 - to improve an idea, method, system, etc. by making small changes) ->
Engineers spent many months refining the software.

Reform (C2): cải cách, cách tân, sự cải thiện -> For years I was an alcoholic, but I
reformed when the doctors gave me six months to live.

Remain (B2 - to continue to exist when other parts or other things no longer exist) ->
After the flood, nothing remained of the village.

Revise (B2 - to look at or consider again an idea, piece of writing, etc. in order to
correct or improve it): chỉnh sửa, sửa lại -> His helpfulness today has made me revise
my original opinion/impression of him.

Shift (C1 – to (cause something or someone to) move or change from one position or
direction to another, especially slightly) -> The wind is expected to shift (to the east)
tomorrow.

Shift (C1 - (of an idea, opinion, etc.) to change) -> Media attention has shifted recently
onto environmental issues.

Steady (B2): vững chắc, vững vàng -> Progress has been slow but steady.

Substitute (B2): người thay thế, người thế chỗ, vật thay thế -> He made his film debut
when he was substituted for the actor who was originally cast.

Sustain (C2 - to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time): duy trì ->
The economy looks set to sustain its growth into next year.
Sustain (C2- to keep alive) -> The soil in this part of the world is not rich enough to sustain
a large population.

Switch (B2 – to change suddenly or completely, especially from one thing to another)
-> She started studying English, but switched to History in her second year.

Transform (B2 – to change completely the appearance or character of something or

someone, especially so that that thing or person is improved) -> The reorganization will
transform the entertainment industry.

Topic vocabulary: Technology

Breakthrough (B2): đột phá -> Scientists are hoping for a breakthrough in the
search for a cure for cancer.

Broadband (B2): băng thông rộng -> Internet connection via broadband offers
many advantages.

Click (C2 - to make a short, sharp sound, or to make something do this) -> The
door clicked shut behind her.

Complex (B2 - involving a lot of different but related parts): tổ hợp -> The
company has a complex organizational structure.

Consumer electronics: điện tử dân dụng

Craft (B2 - skill and experience, especially in relation to making objects) -> the
craft of furniture making/sewing/glassblowing

Data (B2) -> The data was/were collected by various researchers.

Manual (B2): sách hướng dẫn sử dụng -> The computer comes with a 600-page
instruction manual.
Network (B2): mạng lưới -> We could reduce our costs by developing a more
efficient distribution network.

Primitive (C1): nguyên thủy, ban sơ -> primitive data types are a set of basic data
types from which all other data types are constructed.

Programmer (C1): lập trình viên

Resource (B2): nguồn -> The country's greatest resource is the dedication of its
workers.

Technique (B1): kỹ thuật

Upload (B1): tải lên

Download (B1): tải xuống

Topic vocabulary: Time

Abrupt (C2): bất ngờ, đột ngột -> Our conversation came to an abrupt end when
George burst into the room.

Contemporary (B2): đương thời -> Although the play was written hundreds of
years ago, it still has a contemporary feel to it.

Decade (B2): thập kỷ

Duration (C1): khoảng thời gian -> He planned a stay of two years' duration.

Elapse (C2 - If time elapses, it goes past): trôi mau -> Four years had elapsed
since he left college and still he hadn't found a job.

Era (B2): kỷ nguyên -> a period of time of which particular events or stages of
development are typical

Eternal (C1): vĩnh hằng -> Will you two never stop your eternal arguing!
Expire (C2): hết hạn, hết hiệu lực -> The contract between the two companies will
expire at the end of the year.

Frequency (C2): tần suất -> It's not the duration of his absences from work so much
as the frequency that worries me.

Interim (C2 - temporary and intended to be used or accepted until something

permanent exists): tạm thời -> An interim government was set up for the period
before the country's first free election.

Interval (C2 - a period between two events or times) -> We see each other at
regular intervals - usually about once a month.

Lifetime (B2): cả đời -> We'll see a tremendous lot of technological changes
during/in our lifetime.

Long-standing (C1): lâu đời -> The country’s long-standing relationship with the
US was finally under strain.

Millennium (C2): thiên niên kỷ -> The corpse had lain preserved in the soil for
almost two millennia.

Obsolete (C1): lỗi thời -> Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was
invented.

Phase (B2): giai đoạn -> The project is only in its initial phase as yet, but it's looking
quite promising.

Prior to something (C1): trước cái gì đó -> the weeks prior to her birthday

Prompt sb to do sth (C2): yêu cầu ai đó nói hoặc làm gì đó -> What prompted
you to say that?

Seasonal (B2): theo mùa -> Seasonal farm work

Simultaneous (C1): đồng thời, cùng một lúc -> There were several simultaneous
explosions in different cities.

Span (C1 – span something) -> His acting career spanned 55 years.

Subsequent (C1): tiếp theo -> Those explosions must have been subsequent to our
departure because we didn't hear anything.

Topic vocabulary: Work

Client (B2 - a customer or someone who receives services): khách hàng -> Mr.
Black has been a client of this firm for many years.

Consultant (B2): tư vấn, nhà chuyên môn -> a firm of public relations consultants

Effective (B2): hiệu quả -> She’s a very effective teacher

Executive (C1): lãnh đạo điều hành -> She is now a senior executive, having
worked her way up through the company.

Headhunt: săn nhân sự -> She was headhunted by a rival firm.

Leave (C1 - If you leave something or someone doing something, he, she, or it
is still doing it when you go away) -> left the children watching television.

Marketing (B2) -> Our marketing people have come up with a great idea for the
launch of the new model.

Multinational (B2) -> the huge profits made by multinational drug manufacturers

Promotion (C1 - the act of encouraging something to happen or develop): sự

thăng cấp -> the promotion of a healthy lifestyle

Prospects (C2): viễn cảnh -> The prospect of spending three whole days with her
fills me with happiness.
Public/private sector: khu vực công / khu vực tư nhân

Recruit (C1): tuyển dụng, chiêu mộ -> Even young boys are now being recruited
into the army.

Redundant (C2): dư thừa -> In the sentence "He is a single unmarried man", the
word "unmarried" is redundant.

Topic vocabulary: Movement

Accelerate (C2): tăng tốc -> I accelerated to overtake the bus.

Approach (B1): tiếp cận -> We could just see the train approaching in the distance.

Ascend (B2): đi lên -> They slowly ascended the steep path up the mountain.

Descend (B2): đi xuống -> The path descended steeply into the valley.

Clutch (C2 - to take or try to take hold of something tightly, usually in fear,
worry, or pain): bám lấy -> Silent and pale, she clutched (onto) her mother's hand.

Crawl (B2): bò -> The child crawled across the floor.

Creep (C2 - to move slowly, quietly, and carefully, usually in order to avoid
being noticed): di chuyển chậm, lặng lẽ, cẩn thận -> Someone was creeping
around outside my window.

Dash (B2): move quickly, to go somewhere quickly -> The dog ran off, and she
dashed after him.

Drift (C2): trôi dạt -> No one noticed that the boat had begun to drift out to sea.

Flow (B2) -> the flow of a river, the flow of traffic, the flow of blood
Gesture (C1): cử chỉ, điệu bộ -> The prisoner raised his fist in a gesture of defiance
as he was led out of the courtroom.

Grab (C1 – to attract someone’s attention) -> With your first sentence you must
grab the reader's attention.

Grasp (C1): cầm lấy, chộp lấy -> MT suddenly grasped my hand.

Hop (C2 - to jump on one foot or to move about in this way): nhảy lò cò -> I
tried to hop on my good foot while holding onto Jim.

Hop (C1 - to go somewhere quickly or to get into or out of a vehicle quickly) ->
MT hop on my motorbike, then we go to the park together.

Leap (C2 - to make a large jump or sudden movement, usually from one place
to another): nhảy vọt, liều mạng -> He leaped out of his car and ran towards the
house.

March (C2 - to walk somewhere quickly and in a determined way, often because
you are angry) -> She marched into my office and demanded to know why I hadn't
written my report.

Refugee (B2): người tị nạn -> Thousands of refugees fled across the border.

Route (C2 - a method of achieving something) -> A university education is often

the best route to a good job.

Slip (C2 - to move out of the correct position) -> Her hat had slipped over one eye.

Step by step (C1 - dealing with one thing and then another thing in a fixed order)
-> Don't worry - I'll go through the procedure with you step by step.

Velocity: vận tốc -> Light travels at the highest achievable velocity in the universe.
Wander (C2): If your mind or your thoughts wander, you stop thinking about
the subject that you should be giving your attention to and start thinking about
other matters -> Halfway through the meeting my mind started to wander.

Wave (C1): to move from side to side, or to make something move like this while
holding it in the hand-> He seems to think I can wave a magic wand and everything
will be all right.

Topic vocabulary: Transport

Cargo (C2): hàng hóa trên tàu -> The ship was carrying a cargo of wood.

Carriage (C1): toa -> a railway carriage

Commute (C1): đi lại -> It's exhausting commuting from Brighton to London every
day.

Load (B2): trọng tải -> The m aximum load for this elevator is eight persons.

Steer (B2): cầm lái -> She carefully steered the car around the potholes.

Topic vocabulary: Communication

Allege (C2): cáo buộc -> The two men allege (that) the police forced them to make
false confessions.

Ambiguous (C2): mơ hồ, không chắc chắn, không rõ ràng -> The wording of the
agreement is ambiguous.

Assert (C2): khẳng định, quyết đoán -> I really must assert myself more in
meetings.

Blunt (C2): thẳng thắn -> I'll be blunt - that last piece of work you did was terrible.
Boast (C2 - to have or own something to be proud of) -> Ireland boasts beautiful
beaches, great restaurants, and friendly locals.

Clarification (C1): làm rõ, làm cho minh bạch -> Some further clarification of
your position is needed.

Confirm (B2 - to prove that a belief or an opinion that was previously not
completely certain is true) -> Her announcement confirmed (that) she would be
resigning as CEO.

Context (C1): bối cảnh -> In this exercise, a word is blanked out and you have to
guess what it is by looking at the context.

Contradict (C1): mâu thuẫn -> If you're both going to lie, at least stick to the same
story and don't contradict each other!

Convey (C1 - to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by

other people): truyền đạt -> His poetry conveys a great sense of religious devotion.

Declare (B2): tuyên bố -> They declared their support for the proposal

Denounce (C1 - to strongly criticize somebody/something that you think is

wrong, illegal, etc.): phản bác -> The project was denounced as a scandalous waste
of public money.

Disclose (C2): tiết lộ -> The company has disclosed profits of over £200 million.

Exaggerate (C1): nói quá, làm quá -> Don't exaggerate - it wasn't that expensive.

Hint (B2): gợi ý -> Did she give you any hints about where she was going?

Jargon (C1): biệt ngữ -> military/legal/computer jargon

Literal (C2): theo nghĩa đen -> The literal meaning of "television" is "seeing from
a distance".
Murmur (C2 - to speak or say something very quietly): thì thầm -> "I love you"
she murmured.

Relevant (B2): liên quan -> Education should be relevant to the child's needs.

Slang (C1): tiếng lóng -> "Chicken" is slang for someone who isn't very brave.

Utter (C2): thốt ra -> She sat through the whole meeting without uttering a word.

Vague (C1 - not clearly expressed, known, described, or decided): mơ hồ -> I do

have a vague memory of meeting her many years ago.

Topic vocabulary: The media

Anchor (C2 - someone or something that gives support when needed) -> She
was my anchor when things were difficult for me.

Broadcast (B2): phát tin -> The tennis championship is broadcast live to several
different countries.

Correspondent (C1): phóng viên -> She's the BBC's political correspondent.

Coverage (C1): phủ sóng -> What did you think of the BBC's election coverage?

Critic (C1): nhà phê bình -> Her critics say she is leading the party to disaster.

Subtitles (C1): phụ đề -> The Vietnamese movie was shown with English subtitles.

Supplement (C2): phần bổ sung, phần phụ lục -> The money I get from teaching
evening night classes provides a supplement to my main income.

Topic vocabulary: Chance

Assign (C1): giao phó -> The case has been assigned to our most senior officer.
Attribute (C2): thuộc tính -> Organizational ability is an essential attribute for a
good manager.

Cause (C2 - a reason to feel something or to behave in a particular way) -> He's
never given me any cause for concern.

Coincidence (B2): sự trùng hợp -> You chose exactly the same wallpaper as us -
what a coincidence!

Determine (C1): quyết tâm, xác định -> People should be allowed to determine
their own future.

Fluctuate (C2): dao động, lưỡng lự -> Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the
season.

Foresee (C1): biết trước, thấy trước -> I don't foresee any difficulties so long as
we keep within budget.

Gamble (C2): bài bạc -> I like to gamble when I play cards - it makes it more
interesting.

Hazard (C1): hiểm nguy, liều, mạo hiểm -> The busy traffic entrance was a hazard
to pedestrians.

Likelihood (C2): khả năng xảy ra -> There is every likelihood that more jobs will
be lost later this year.

Mishap (C2): sự bất hạnh, rủi ro, điều không may -> The parade was very well
organized and passed without mishap.

Odds (C1 - the probability (= how likely it is) that a particular thing will or will
not happen) -> The overall odds of winning a lottery prize are 1 in 14.
Random (C1): ngẫu nhiên, tình cờ -> We asked a random sample/selection of
people what they thought.

Speculate (C2): suy đoán, dự đoán -> I don't know why she did it - I'm just
speculating.

Uncertainty (C1): không chắc chắn -> Life is full of uncertainties.

Topic vocabulary: Nature

Agriculture (B2): nông nghiệp -> Agriculture is still largely based on traditional
methods in some countries.

Appreciate (C2): biết rõ, đánh giá cao -> We appreciate the need for immediate
action.

Catastrophe (C2): thảm họa -> They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to
come.

Drought (C2): hạn hán -> This year a severe drought has ruined the crops.

Evacuate (C1): sơ tán -> Children were evacuated from London to escape the
bombing.

Exploit (B2): khai thác -> We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as
fully as possible.

Famine (C2): nạn đói -> Another crop failure could result in widespread famine.

Fossil fuel: nhiên liệu hóa thạch -> For each farm type (conventional, rotation, and
no-till) we estimated average yearly fossil fuel energy use.

Global warming: nóng lên toàn cầu -> Reversing the effects of global warming
may be the greatest challenge of our time.
Climate change: biến đổi khí hậu -> The President called for urgent action on
climate change.

Habitat (C1): môi trường sống -> With so many areas of woodland being cut down,
a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat.

Harvest (B2): thu hoạch -> We had a good harvest this year.

Instinct (C2): thiên tính, bản năng -> Her first instinct was to run.

Natural disaster: thảm họa thiên nhiên -> The eruption was an important
illustration of the impact of a natural disaster on a major developed country.

Resource (B2): tài nguyên -> The country's greatest resource is the dedication of
its workers.

Scarce (C1): khan hiếm -> Food and clean water were becoming scarce.

Species (B2): giống loài -> Mountain gorillas are an endangered species.

Topic vocabulary: Quantity

Ample (C1): phong phú -> You'll have ample opportunity to ask questions after the
talk.

Abundance (C1): sự dồi dào -> The country has an abundance of natural resources.

In Bulk (C1): số lượng lớn -> The office buys paper in bulk to keep down costs.

Considerable (B2): đáng kể -> The fire caused considerable damage to the church.

Countless (C1): vô số -> There are countless arguments against this ridiculous
proposal.

Dimension (B2): kích thước -> a building of vast dimensions (= size)

Diminish (C1): giảm bớt -> I don't want to diminish her achievements, but she did
have a lot of help

The extent to which (C2) -> She had not realized the extent to which the children
had been affected.

Finite (C2): có hạn -> The funds available for the health service are finite and we
cannot afford to waste money.

Immense (C1): bao la, mênh mông -> They spent an immense amount of time
getting the engine into perfect condition.

Intensity (C2): cường độ -> The explosion was of such intensity that it was heard
five miles away.

Magnitude (C1): kích cỡ, phạm vi -> We did not realize the magnitude of the
problem.

Mass (C1): đa số -> weapons of mass destruction

Meagre: ít ỏi -> a meagre salary

Multiple (C1) -> We made multiple copies of the report.

Proportion (C1): tỷ lệ -> Children make up a large proportion of the world's

population.

Rate (C1): phân hạng, đánh giá -> I rate cars as one of the worst polluters of the
environment.

Ratio (C1): tỉ lệ -> The ratio of men to women at the conference was ten to one/10:1.

Sufficient
Uneven (C2): không đồng đều -> There is an uneven distribution of wealth across
the country from the north to the south.

Widespread (C1): phổ biến rộng rãi, lan rộng -> Malnutrition in the region is
widespread - affecting up to 78 percent of children under five years old.

Topic vocabulary: Money

Compensation (C1): đền bù, sự bồi thường -> The employer has a duty to pay full
compensation for injuries received at work.

Debt (B2): nợ -> He managed to pay off his debts in two years.

Deposit (B2): đặt cọc -> They normally ask you to pay $100 (as a) deposit.

Direct debit: ghi nợ trực tiếp

Dividend: cổ tức -> Shareholders will receive an interim dividend payment of 50

cents a share.

Finance (B2): tài chính -> You need to speak to someone in the finance department.

Insurance (B2): tiền bảo hiểm -> I'll need to take out extra car insurance for another
driver.

Interest (C1): lãi suất -> You should put the money in a savings account where it
will earn interest.

Investment (B2): đầu tư -> Stocks are regarded as good long-term investments.

Mortgage (B2): thế chấp -> He raised the money by taking out a second mortgage
on his house.

Overdraft (C1): thấu chi -> The bank offers overdraft facilities.
Pension (B2): lương hưu -> He won't be able to draw (= receive) his pension until
he's 65.

Withdraw (C1): rút -> This credit card allows you to withdraw up to £200 a day
from ATMs.

Topic vocabulary: Materials

Dissolve (C2): hòa tan -> Dissolve two spoons of powder in warm water.

Fabric (C1): vải -> cotton fabrics

Fragile (C2): dễ vỡ -> Be careful with that vase - it's very fragile.

Gravity (C1): trọng lực

Gravity (C1): sự nghiêm trọng -> I don't think you realize the gravity of the
situation.

Lump (C2 - a piece of a solid substance, usually with no particular shape) -> a
sugar lump

Mineral (B2): khoáng -> A healthy diet should supply all necessary vitamins and
minerals.

Solid (B2): chất rắn -> a solid object

Substance (B2): chất -> What sort of substance could withstand those temperatures?

Texture (C1): kết cấu -> This artificial fabric has the texture of silk.

Transparent (B2): trong suốt -> His blouse was practically transparent!

Topic vocabulary: The built environment

Construct (B2): xây dựng -> The walls are constructed of concrete.
Demolish (B2 – completely destroy a building): phá hủy -> A number of houses
were demolished so that the supermarket could be built.

Demolish (C2 – to prove that an argument or theory is wrong) -> He completely

demolished all her arguments.

Distinct (C1): riêng biệt -> There’s a distinct smell of cigarettes in here.

Housing (C1): nhà ở -> There's a shortage of cheap housing in the region.

Infrastructure (C1): cơ sở hạ tầng -> The war has badly damaged the country's
infrastructure.

Structure (C2): kết cấu -> The proposed new office tower is a steel and glass
structure 43 storeys high.

Topic vocabulary: Reactions

Acknowledge (C1): thừa nhận, công nhận -> She acknowledged that she had been
at fault.

Comfort (C2): an ủi -> He's a great comfort to his mother.

Conduct yourself (C2) -> How should I conduct myself at these dinners? I know
nothing about etiquette.

Of little/no consequence: not important (C1) -> The money was of little
consequence to Tony Stark.

Dignity (C2): phẩm giá -> He is a man of dignity and calm determination.

Disgust (C2): ghê tởm -> She walked out in disgust.

Disillusioned (C2): vỡ mộng -> He’s become a disillusioned man.

Fed up (B2): chán -> I’m fed up with my job.

Giggle (C2): cười khúc khích -> Stop that giggling in the back row!

Grin (C2 – a wide smile): cười toe toét -> I assumed things had gone well for him
because he had a big grin on his face.

Handle (C2 – to pick something up and touch, hold, or move it with your hands)
-> Please don’t handle the vases – they’re very fragile.

Impatient (B2): nóng nảy, không nhẫn nại -> He’s a good teacher but inclined to
be a bit impatient with slow learners.

Moan (C2): kêu van, rên rỉ -> He moaned with pain before losing consciousness.

Neglect (C1): bỏ lơ, thờ ơ -> He's been neglecting her studies this semester.

Peep (C2): nhìn trộm -> I saw her peeping through the curtains/into the room.

Peer (C2 – to look carefully or with difficulty) -> The driver was peering into the
distance trying to read the road sign.

Resent (C2): bực bội -> He resents having to explain his work to other people.

Tactic (C1): chiến thuật -> These bomb attacks represent a change of tactics by the
terrorists.

Topic vocabulary: Health

Administer something (C1): quản lí -> the high cost of administering medical
services

Agony (C1): đau đớn -> She lay there screaming in agony.

Antidote (C2): thuốc giải độc -> Regular exercise is the best antidote to tiredness
and depression.
Consultant (B2): tư vấn, nhà chuyên môn -> a management/financial/computer
consultant.
Diagnosis (C2): chuẩn đoán -> The doctor has made an initial diagnosis.

Irritation (C2): cáu gắt -> That kind of behavior is sure to cause irritation.

Nursing home (C1): viện dưỡng lão

Paralysis (C2): tê liệt -> Some nervous disorders can produce paralysis.

Prescribe (C2): kê đơn -> the drug is often prescribed for ulcers.

Prognosis (C2): tiên lượng -> to make a prognosis

Sick leave (C1): nghỉ ốm -> Mark is not in the office today. He broke his leg
yesterday, so he's on/he's taken sick leave.

Side effect (C1): tác dụng phụ -> Does this drug have any side effects?

Side effect (C2 – an unexpected result of a situation) -> Thousands of passengers

along the route constantly suffer the side effects of the upgrade work.

Vaccine (C2): vắc xin -> This vaccine protects against some kinds of bacteria.

Topic vocabulary: Power

Aggression (C1): hiếu chiến -> Some types of dogs are bred for aggression.

Authority (C1 – a group of people with official responsibility for a particular

area of activity): người cầm quyền -> the health authority

Bully (C1): bắt nạt, ngược đãi -> Teachers usually know who the bullies are in a
class.
Command (C2 – control over someone or something and responsibility for him,
her, or it): chỉ huy -> The soldiers were under the command of a tough sergeant
major.

Conquer (C1): chinh phục -> The Spanish conquered the New World in the 16th
century.

Consent (C1): sự bằng lòng, tán thành -> They can’t publish your name without
your consent.

Controversy (C1 – a lot of disagreement or argument about something): tranh

cãi -> There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.

Dictator (C1): nhà độc tài -> My boss is kind of a dictator

Dominate (B2): thống trị -> He refuses to let others speak and dominates every
meeting.

Eliminate (C1): loại bỏ -> We were eliminated in the third round of the competition.

Eliminate (C1 – to defeat someone so that they cannot continue in a competition)

-> He was eliminated in the third round of the competition.

Enforce (C1): thi hành -> The new teacher had failed to enforce any sort of
discipline.

Impose (C1): áp đặt -> Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes.

Inferior (C1): kém cỏi, hạ cấp, cấp dưới -> These products are inferior to those
we bought last year.

Superior (C1): thượng đẳng -> She was chosen for the job because she was the
superior candidate.
Label (C2 – a word or a phrase that is used to describe the characteristics or
qualities of people, activities or things): dán nhãn -> He seems to be stuck with
the label of “troublemaker”.

Mainstream (C2 - considered normal, and having or using ideas, beliefs, etc.
that are accepted by most people): xu hướng -> This is the director's first
mainstream Hollywood film.

Master (C2): bậc thầy -> He was a master of disguise

Prohibit (B2): cấm -> Motor vehicles are prohibited from driving in the town center.

Reign (C2): trị vì -> Queen Victoria reigned over Britain from 1837 to 1901.

Reinforce (C2): củng cố -> The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double
stitching.

Reluctant (C1): lưỡng lự -> Many parents feel reluctant to talk openly with their
children.

Resist (C1): kháng cự -> The soldiers resisted (the enemy attacks) for two days.

Restrict (C1): hạn chế -> The government has restricted freedom of movement into
and out of the country.

Subject (C2 - a person, thing, or situation that is written about in a book, article,
etc. or shown in a picture, etc.) -> The mill by the bridge was the subject of an
unfinished painting by J. M. W. Turner.

Subjective (C1): chủ quan -> I think my husband is the most handsome man in the
world, but I realize my judgment is rather subjective.
Submit (C2 - to allow another person or group to have power or authority over
you, or to accept something unwillingly) -> She decided to resign from the party
rather than submit herself to the new rules.

Summon (C2): triệu hồi -> We were summoned to the headmaster's office.

Undermine (C2 - to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likely to
succeed, or to make something weaker, often gradually) -> Criticism just
undermines their confidence.

Unrest (C2 - disagreements or fighting between different groups of people): bất

ổn -> It is feared that the civil unrest we are now witnessing in this country could
lead to full-scale civil war.

Vulnerable (C2): dễ bị tổn thương -> Tourists are more vulnerable to attack
because they do not know which areas of the city to avoid.

Topic vocabulary: Social issues

Abolish (B2): bãi bỏ -> I think bullfighting should be abolished

Advocate (C2): bào chữa, biện hộ -> She advocates taking a more long-term view.

Alleviate: xoa dịu, giảm bớt -> The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.

Bureaucracy (C2): bộ máy hành chính -> I had to deal with the university's
bureaucracy when I was applying for financial aid.

Charity (C2): lòng nhân ái -> Charity begins at home.

Class (B2): tầng lớp, giai cấp -> We live in a middle-class neighborhood.

Community (B2): cộng đồng, đoàn thể -> He's well known in the local community.

Convict (C2): kết tội, kết án -> He has twice been convicted of robbery/arson.
Corruption (C1): sự hối lộ, tham nhũng, bại hoại -> Political corruption is
widespread throughout some countries.

Deterrent (C2): răn đe -> Tougher prison sentences may act/serve as a deterrent to
other would-be offenders.

Heritage (C2): di sản -> These monuments are a vital part of the cultural heritage
of Viet Nam.

Immigration (B2): nhập cư -> There are strict limits on immigration (into the
country).

Emigration (B2): di cư -> the mass emigration of Cubans to the US

Institution (B2): tổ chức -> a medical/educational/financial institution

Legislation (C2 - a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made

official by a parliament) -> The government has promised to introduce legislation
to limit fuel emissions from cars.

Prejudice (B2): định kiến -> Laws against racial prejudice must be strictly enforced.

Reform (C2): cách tân, cải cách -> Who will reform our unfair electoral system?

Privileged (C1): đặc ân -> I have been privileged to work with the pioneers of
silicon technology.

Prosecute (C2): truy tố, khởi tố -> The victim has said that she will not prosecute.

State (C1 - a country or its government) -> The drought is worst in the central
African states.

Topic vocabulary: Quality

Aggravate: làm trầm trọng thêm -> Military intervention will only aggravate the
conflict even further.

Chaos: sự hỗn loạn -> Ever since our secretary walked out, the office has been in a
state of total/utter chaos.

Contaminate (C1): làm ô nhiễm -> The drinking water has become contaminated
with lead.

Decay (C2): thối rữa, điêu tàn, sa sút -> The buildings had started to fall into decay.

Defective (C2): bị lỗi -> I think that theory is defective, a defective gene, defective
brakes

Detrimental (C2): có hại -> These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact on

the environment.

Devastate (C1): tàn phá -> The bomb devastated much of the old part of the city.

Enhance (C1): tăng cường, nâng cao -> These scandals will not enhance the
organization’s reputation.

Evaluate (C1): đánh giá -> It's impossible to evaluate these results without
knowing more about the research methods employed.

Exacerbate (C2): làm trầm trọng thêm -> His aggressive reaction only
exacerbated the situation.

Exquisite (C2 – very beautiful and delicate): rất đẹp và tinh tế -> She has
exquisite taste.

Flaw (C1): khuyết điểm, lỗi -> The argument is full of fundamental flaws.

Ideal
Inadequate (C1): không đủ, không thỏa đáng -> The food supplies are inadequate
to meet the needs of the hungry.

Invaluable (C1 – extremely useful): vô giá -> The new job will provide you with
invaluable experience.

Prime (C2 – main most important): chủ yếu -> a prime source of evidence

Refurbish (C1): tân trang -> The theatre has been extensively refurbished.

Reinforce (C1): củng cố -> All buildings are now reinforced to withstand
earthquakes.

Renovate (C1): cải tạo -> They spent the summer renovating a farmhouse in Long
Xuyen.

Rotten (C2): thối rữa -> The fruit is starting to go rotten.

Rusty (C2 – of a sport, skill, etc – not as good as it used to be because you have
not been practicing) -> I haven’t played the piano for ages - I may be a little rusty.

Satisfactory (B2): thỏa đáng -> The teachers seem to think his work is satisfactory.

Topic vocabulary: The arts

Abstract (B2): trừu tượng -> This debate is becoming too abstract - let's have some
hard facts!

Auction (C1): bán đấu giá -> They're holding an auction of jewelry on Thursday.

Audition (C1): buổi diễn thử, thử giọng -> His audition went well and he's fairly
hopeful about getting the part.

Line (C2): xếp hàng -> a line of trees

Masterpiece (C2): kiệt tác -> Leonardo's "Last Supper" is widely regarded as a
masterpiece.

Score (C2 – to succeed; to have an advantage) -> Lewis scored a win with a hugely
funny sketch about a car salesman.

Sketch (C1): bản phác thảo -> The artist is making sketches for his next painting.

Work of art: tác phẩm nghệ thuật

Worthless (C1): vô giá trị, không có giá trị

Topic vocabulary: Relationships

Adjacent (C2): liền kề -> They work in adjacent buildings.

Bond (B2): liên kết, gắn bó -> There has been a close bond between them ever
since she saved him from drowning.

Coexist: cùng tồn tại -> The two communities coexist peacefully.

Coherent (C2): mạch lạc -> When she calmed down, she was more coherent (=
able to speak clearly and be understood).

Compatible (C1): tương thích, tương hợp -> This software may not be compatible
with older operating systems.

Comprise (C1): bao gồm -> The course comprises a class book, a practice book,
and a CD.

Compromise (B2): sự thỏa hiệp -> In a compromise between management and

unions, a four percent pay rise was agreed in return for an increase in productivity.

Conflict (B2): xung đột -> It was an unpopular policy and caused a number of
conflicts within the party.
Confront (C2): đối đầu -> It's an issue we'll have to confront at some point, no
matter how unpleasant it is.

Consistent (C2): nhất quán -> There has been a consistent improvement in her
attitude.

Cooperate (B2): hợp tác -> The two companies have cooperated in joint ventures
for the past several years.

Correspond (B2): đối nhau, xứng nhau -> His story of what happened that night
didn't correspond with the witness's version.

Dispute (C2): tranh luận, tranh chấp -> They have been unable to settle/resolve
the dispute over working conditions.

Equivalent (C1): tương đương -> There is no English equivalent for "bon appetit"
so we have adopted the French expression.

Exclude (C1): loại trừ -> Tom has been excluded from school (= he is not allowed
to go to school) for bad behavior.

Integral (C1): hợp thành một -> He's an integral part of the team and we can't do
without him.

Integrate (C1): tích hợp, hòa nhập -> He seems to find it difficult to integrate
socially.

Intervene (C2): can thiệp -> The minister intervened personally to stop the museum
from being closed.

Intimate (C2): thân mật -> The restaurant has a very intimate atmosphere.

Merge (C2): hợp nhất -> They decided to merge the two companies into one.
Mutual (C1): qua lại -> Theirs was a partnership based on mutual respect, trust,
and understanding.

Negotiate (C1): đàm phán -> I'm negotiating for a new contract.

Resemblance (C2): sự giống nhau -> There was a clear family resemblance
between all the brothers.

Topic vocabulary: People

Acquaintance (C1): người quen -> He is a business acquaintance.

Adopt (B2): nhận nuôi -> They have no children of their own, but they're hoping
to adopt.

Ancestor (B2): tổ tiên -> There were portraits of his ancestors on the walls of the
room.

Citizen (B2): công dân -> He applied to become a Vietnamese citizen.

Companion (B2): bạn đồng hành -> The dog has been her constant companion
these past ten years.

Descendant (C2): con cháu -> They claim to be descendants of a French duke.

Extrovert (C1): người hướng ngoại -> Most sales people are extroverts.

Introvert (C2): người hướng nội -> Introverts tend to prefer spending time alone.

Foster (C1): nuôi dưỡng -> The club's aim is to foster better relations within the
community.

Peer (C1): đồng trang lứa -> Do you think it's true that teenage girls are less self-
confident than their male peers?
Predecessor (C2): người tiền nhiệm -> My predecessor worked in this job for
twelve years.

Sibling (C2): anh em ruột -> I have four siblings: three brothers and a sister.

Spouse (C2): vợ chồng -> In 60 percent of the households surveyed both spouses
went out to work.

Successor (C1): người kế vị -> The university is seeking a successor to its vice-
chancellor, who retires this spring.

Sympathize (C2): thông cảm -> I know what it's like to have migraines, so I really
sympathize (with you).

Topic vocabulary: Preference

Addiction (B2): sự nghiện -> For people with OCD, cleaning can become an
addiction. (OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder)

Anticipation (C2): dự đoán -> As with most pleasures, it's not so much the
experience itself as the anticipation that is enjoyable.

Appeal (B2): bắt mắt, hấp dẫn -> This used to be a marvelous hotel but it has lost
its appeal in recent years.

Arbitrary (C2): bất kỳ, ngẫu nhiên, tùy hứng -> Did you have a reason for
choosing your destination, or was it arbitrary?

Aspiration (C2): khát vọng -> I've never had any political aspirations.

Bear (C1 - to have or continue to have something): thừa hưởng, có hoặc tiếp tục
có một cái gì đó -> Their baby bears a strong resemblance to its grandfather.

Compulsory (B2): bắt buộc -> The law made wearing seat belts in cars compulsory.
Content (B2): bằng lòng, vừa ý -> He seems fairly content with his life.

Craving (C2): ham muốn, thèm thuồng -> I have a craving for chocolate.

Decline (B2): từ chối -> I invited him to the meeting but he declined.

Dedicated (C1): tận tụy -> She's completely dedicated to her work.

Delight (B2): hân hoan -> I read your letter with great delight.

Desire (C1): khao khát -> The hotel had everything you could possibly desire.

Differentiate (C1 - to show or find the difference between things that are
compared) -> Most consumers have no trouble differentiating our brand's cereal
from our leading competitor's.

Differentiate (C2 - to make someone or something different) -> We look for

features that differentiate the products.

Envy (B2): ganh tị -> I envy her ability to talk to people she's never met before.

Fascination (C1): sự mê hoặc, say mê, mê đắm, sự thú vị -> The fascination of
the game lies in trying to guess what your opponent is thinking.

Impulse (C2): thúc đẩy -> I had this sudden impulse to shout out "Nonsense!".

Inclined to do something (C1): có xu hướng làm một cái gì đó -> They’ll be more
inclined to listen if you don’t shout.

Liking (C1): ý muốn -> The weather was too hot for their liking.

Mediocre (C2): tầm thường -> The film's plot is predictable and the acting is
mediocre.

Mundane (C1): trần tục -> Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for
food do not interest her.
Obsess (C1): ám ảnh -> He's obsessed by computers.

A passion for something (C1): đam mê về một cái gì đó -> MT has a consuming
passion for science fiction.

Praise (C1): lời khen ngợi -> They deserve praise for all their hard work.

Resolve (C1): giải quyết -> Have you resolved the problem of transport yet?

Sacrifice (C1): hy sinh -> Many women sacrifice interesting careers for their
families.

Strive (C2): phấn đấu -> Mr. Jerry has kindled expectations that he must now strive
to live up to.

A taste for something: the fact of liking or enjoying something (C2) -> She came
home from Europe with a taste for art and the finer things in life.

Urge (C2): thúc giục -> The urge to steal is very strong in some of these young men.

Worthwhile (B2): đáng giá -> She considers teaching a worthwhile career.

Yearn (C2): khao khát, mong mỏi -> I always yearn to be with my girlfriend.

Topic vocabulary: Leisure activities

Casual (C2 – not regular or fixed) -> casual labor/laborers/workers

Exhilarating: phấn khởi

Idle (C1): nhàn rỗi, lười biếng -> It's crazy to have £7,000 sitting idle in the bank.

Indulge (C2): tự cho bản thân làm một cái gì đó (nuông chiều bản thân) -> I
love drinking beer but I don't often indulge myself.

Lifestyle (B2): phong cách sống

Outing (C1): đi chơi xa -> a family outing

Pastime (C2): sự tiêu khiển -> Going fishing is my favorite pastime.

Pursue (C1): theo đuổi -> He decided to pursue a career in marketing.

Recreation (B2): giải trí -> His favorite recreations are playing online games and
listening to music.

Sedentary (C2): ít vận động -> My doctor says I should start playing sports because
my lifestyle is too sedentary.

Socialize (B2): giao lưu -> I tend to socialize with strangers.

Solitude (C1): cô đơn -> It provides one with a chance to reflect on spiritual matters
in solitude.

Tedious (C1): tẻ nhạt -> The problem is I find most forms of exercise so tedious.

Trivial (B2): tầm thường, không đáng kể -> I don't know why he gets so upset
about something so trivial.

Unwind (C1): thư giãn -> Having a good time with my girlfriend in the evening
helps me to unwind after work.